THIS BOOK HAS TWO SOURCES: Freud’s writing and letters, which I have read in translation, and biographies and monographs published by others. Despite its evident bias, the authorized life, by Ernest Jones, remains invaluable. Peter Gay’s one-volume biography is likewise indispensable, especially regarding Freud’s place in Viennese culture. Louis Breger and Ronald Clark have been successful at integrating the new, less flattering findings into the narrative of Freud’s development. The short biographies by Anthony Storr, Octave Mannoni, Martin Freud, Barry Silverstein, Jonathan Lear, and my onetime teacher the late Richard Wollheim are insightful, in their different ways. Henri Ellenberger’s The Discovery of the Unconscious and Frank Sulloway’s Freud: Biologist of the Mind are extraordinary works of scholarship and brave beginnings to the great revision. Peter Swales, Jeffrey Masson, and Frederick Crews continued the process, more thoughtfully than their critics allege. I relied on the luminous French writer Lydia Flem for her assemblage of the details of Freud’s typical day. Patrick J. Mahony’s reanalyses of Freud’s published cases are always insightful. Among the many memoirs of treatment with Freud, I drew most heavily on Joseph Wortis’s tart notes. Paul Roazen did persistent legwork, tracking down those of Freud’s patients who had not written accounts of their treatment. Freud’s sister Anna Bernays and the management consultant Peter F. Drucker have contributed telling brief reminiscences. I relied on a number of specialty books dealing with details of Freud’s life. Robert Byck’s compendium of “cocaine papers,” Phyllis Grosskurth’s critique of psychoanalytic politics, Lisa Appignanesi and John Forrester’s survey of Freud’s relationships with women, Nathan Hale’s history of Freud in America, and Jan Assmann’s overview of Freud and the Moses literature deserve special mention. This list leaves dozens of books and essays unacknowledged. Freud was lucky in his biographers. Interested readers are likely to do well wherever they proceed.