All index entries shown here correspond to the page numbers within the printed edition only. Within this digital format these page numbers allow for cross referencing only.
accommodation 30, 42, 236, 273, 274
acuity 11, 30–33, 36, 47, 61–67, 72–75, 80–83
aimpoint 23, 91, 95–98, 101–102, 104–107, 119, 129, 139, 165
aligning the aircraft 4, 7, 62, 95, 104, 108, 119–122, 140, 156, 221, 223, 225
ambient vision 4, 16, 23, 26, 32–33, 37, 52, 55, 96–98, 108, 110, 113–115, 157–160, 177–183, 220–223, 238, 241–248, 256, 280–282, 290, 292
anomolous trichromacy 41
attention 21–22, 26–28, 36–37, 46, 111–115, 152, 206, 224, 252–254, 272–276, 280, 289–291
attentional capture 27, 30, 274–275, 280, 290, 293
binocular depth cues 42, 50–51, 80–81, 236, 282
binocular vision 68–70, 81, 131–134, 142, 236
black hole illusion 4–6, 9–13, 50, 122, 124–126, 157, 159–171, 174, 180, 183, 186, 194, 210–215, 223–231, 233, 235, 238–247, 257, 258
bottom-up processing 22–29, 36–37, 48, 56, 252, 290
change blindness 27–28
channelized attention 27, 189, 207, 209, 226, 246–248, 256
cognitive tunneling 27, 180, 290
color vision and color deficiencies 11–13, 31, 34, 37–42, 77–79, 157, 220
contrast sensitivity 36, 63–67, 80–83
control of heading 137, 138–140
controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) 101, 130, 149, 184, 201–203, 215
dark adaptation 33–35, 39–40, 80, 282
depth processing 42–45
disability glare 72–77
ecological perception theory (Gibson) 23, 90
environmental perception 89, 90, 98, 100, 106, 114, 119, 121, 122, 151, 274, 286
featureless terrain illusion 122, 124, 157, 159–161, 166, 180–183, 209, 213, 219, 221, 226–228, 230–231, 233, 238, 241, 244, 247, 248, 258
focal vision 16, 32–34, 47, 55, 97, 114, 151, 157, 160, 166, 174, 180, 233, 242, 248, 252, 274, 283, 288, 294
focus of expansion 104, 110, 139
general aviation 156, 158, 194, 257–259
Gestalt Principles 24
glare 30, 64, 69, 72–77, 82, 131, 282
glide-path 4–8, 16, 23, 25, 44, 47–48, 91–102, 104, 106–107, 121, 125–127, 162–168, 172, 175–176, 226, 242,
head-up display 27, 30, 72, 154, 273–275, 291, 292
horizon 1, 16, 55, 69–70, 90, 92–96, 97–98, 120–122, 126, 151–152, 155–158, 162, 169–170, 178, 183, 186, 194, 206, 213–215, 224, 226–229, 243, 246, 251–255, 258, 260–261, 278
inattentional blindness 26–28, 30, 72, 247, 275
information processing theory 25
invariant 23, 89–90, 97, 102, 106, 110, 253
landing flare 98, 119, 122, 127–129
linear perspective 43, 49, 95, 113, 127
low-level flying 63, 110–114, 119, 131, 135, 155, 169–170, 173–174, 182, 192, 208, 212, 283, 288
mid-air collision 73, 140–144, 216, 251–253
mishaps
1941 San Juan (night, featureless terrain, water, misperception of height and distance) 219
1952 LaGuardia (day weather, featureless terrain, water) 221
1955 Missouri (night, misperception of height and distance) 222
1958 Minneapolis (night, black hole takeoff illusion) 223
1959 LaGuardia (night, weather, impoverished visual cues) 224
1965 Chicago (black hole) 225
1965 Cincinnati (black hole) 225
1966 Salt Lake City (black hole) 226
1966 Tokyo (black hole) 226
1972 Florida Everglades (night, impoverished visual cues, no horizon) 226
1974 Pago Pago (night, weather, black hole) 226
1979 Mt Erebus (featureless terrain, whiteout, no horizon) 228
1989 Australia (black hole) 229
1990 Moosonee airport Canada (night, black hole) 230
1991 Muskogee (size/shape constancy) 230
1991 Canadian Arctic Islands (night, black hole) 231
1993 Travis AFB (featureless terrain, night) 233
1995 Columbia (night, impoverished visual cues) 234
1996 LaGuardia (impoverished visual cues, haze/fog, contact lenses) 234
1996 Nova Scotia (terrain illusion) 237
1997 Virgin Islands (night, featureless terrain, water, black hole) 238
1997 Guam (night, terrain, black hole) 239
1999 Kuwait (night, featureless terrain, desert) 242
1999 St. John’s (night, black hole) 243
1999 JFK Jr (night, horizon) 259
2000 New York (night, no horizon) 243
2001 Greenland (night, black hole) 244
2001 Aspen, Colorado (night, visual approach, mountainous terrain) 244
2002 Florida (night, black hole, color vision) 4
2002 Afghanistan (night, misperception of height and distance) 246
2002 Utah (horizon blending with terrain, misperception) 246
2006 Arizona (night, misperception of height and distance) 247
2006 Iraq (featureless terrain, lack of ambient visual cues) 248
2006 Irish Sea (night, impoverished visual cues, water) 248
2006 Brazil (small retinal image, closure rate, mid-air) 251
2006 German air base (terrain, runway misperception) 253
2008 Florida (night, horizon, night vision goggles) 254
2009 Hudson River (small retinal image of birds, water landing perception) 13
2009 Utah (night, limited ambient cues, night vision goggles) 256
missed approach 99, 107–108, 110, 240–243
monocular depth cues 43–44
motion parallax 44–45, 52, 131, 137, 140, 173
naïve realism 2, 21, 56, 89, 158
night vision 33–35, 69, 73, 79–80, 155
night vision device 155, 183, 192, 208, 210, 213, 218, 254–257, 271, 280–285, 287
opponent process theory of color vision 39
optic flow 23, 25, 45, 51–52, 55, 98, 106, 112–113, 139–140, 155, 173, 179–180, 190
overhead pattern 92, 93, 106, 120
photoreceptors 22, 25, 29–130, 33, 36
pictorial cues 43
post-receptor processing 35
retina 12, 15, 22–23, 25, 27, 29–33, 35–36, 39, 46, 48, 50, 72, 139, 156
retinal image 42–46, 48–52, 112–113, 123, 127–128, 130–132, 134, 142, 160, 166–168, 174–175, 179, 194, 251–252
Retinex theory of color vision 39
runway 3, 5, 6, 44, 48, 91, 93–94, 100–102, 110, 112, 120, 155, 159, 175
runway perception 4, 5, 10–11, 16, 25, 43–44, 47–50, 91–97, 98–100, 120–130, 155–157, 159–168, 170–177, 181–183, 193, 215–216
semicircular canals 53–54, 186
shape constancy 23, 48, 168, 174, 176–177, 288
size constancy 46–48, 170–171, 235–236, 288
spatial disorientation 17–18, 53–54, 77, 150–155, 183, 188, 201
spatial orientation 1–2, 32–33, 54–55, 90, 150–152, 154–155, 157–158, 190, 192
splay 49, 95–96, 106–107, 120–125, 137, 164
spontaneous interaction theory 24
stabilized approach 107, 109, 236–237
stereopsis 42, 44, 51, 80–81, 134, 137, 164
time to contact 45, 50–51, 70, 124, 128–136, 142, 278
top-down process/perception 22–25
transduction 29
Trichromatic theory of color vision 38–40
useful field of view 69–70
vestibular system 53–54, 151, 169, 185, 201
visual angle 36, 46–50, 62, 64–65, 143, 161–167, 181
visual null theory 160–169
visual spatial disorientation 17–18, 32, 174, 194, 201, 210, 219, 261, 263