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aborigines, Australian 190–3, 265
Adams, John 136, 139
advertising 92, 93, 117, 118, 119, 121, 127, 176, 209, 233, 234, 236, 237, 244, 268
Africa see different regions
Agricultural Labourers’ Union 16, 162, 163, 166, 169
agriculture 20, 27, 33–4, 36, 39–40, 64, 65, 66–8, 102–09, 147, 149–50, 169, 170, 191, 211, 217–18, 221–2, 241, 243–6, 247–8, 254, 255, 257, 266–7, 269, 272
enclosure 32, 36, 94, 160, 162, 166
family farms 33, 37, 39, 40, 218
improvement 20, 23, 25, 36, 39, 50, 88, 117, 149, 167
livestock breeding 23, 229, 231, 232
market gardening 180, 210, 223, 269
pastoral 18, 27, 33, 104, 168, 227, 230
subsistence 22, 27, 221, 239, 243, 245, 247
see also cattle, gardens, plantations
Albion Flour Mill 127
Albreda 57, 211
Allsopp & Sons beer company 120-1
American War of Independence (1775–83) 36, 132, 139, 140
American colonies xvii, 50, 81, 108, 119, 129, 130, 132, 139, 140, 141, 148, 164
anchovy sauce 177
Antigua 37, 43, 246
Antwerp xvi, 11, 13, 46, 74
Arch, Joseph 161, 168
Argentina 221, 222, 227, 230, 232, 237, 250, 255, 256, 269
Assam 207–9
Atlantic Ocean 12, 46, 165
exploration of 5, 6, 61, 74
Australia 163, 174, 176, 185, 190–2, 203, 221, 222, 228, 230, 231, 236, 253, 254, 256, 269, 270, 273, 274
Azores 6, 46
bacon 45, 73, 76, 86, 95, 161, 162, 178, 180, 181, 182, 210, 223, 226, 227, 232, 254, 259, 262
bakeries 95, 116, 167, 178, 215, 273
Baltic region 77, 116,
bananas 58, 247, 275
banks and financial institutions 55, 219, 220, 222
Banks, Joseph 175, 176
Barbados 31, 38, 41, 42, 43–6, 47, 50–4, 102, 131, 132, 137, 140
barley 20, 29, 86, 95, 96, 110, 116, 181
Barnard, Lady Anne 113, 115
Barton, John 213, 216
Barton, Mary 213–14
Bass, beer company120–1
Batavia 79, 184
beans 30, 34, 102, 105, 171, 172, 193, 240, 242, 244, 245, 248
green beans 174, 248, 276
njahi (lab lab beans) 240, 242, 245, 246
beef 4, 22, 26, 30, 36, 37, 41–2, 73, 74, 85, 86, 87, 100, 116, 134, 159, 162, 168, 170, 191, 205, 226, 227, 252
bouillon 174, 175, 250,
canned 175, 234, 250
chilled 229, 232, 235, 237, 269
corned (bully beef) 114, 228, 233, 250, 251, 252, 255, 256
dried 227
roast 123, 230, 263
frozen 230, 232
salt 5, 8, 26–7, 29, 30, 37, 40, 53, 65, 104, 115, 116–17, 173, 193
beer 4, 5, 24, 30, 36, 53, 94–5, 96, 114, 120–1, 126, 133, 134, 226, 271
porter 98, 114, 121
Bemba, the xv, 195, 242
Benares 149, 153
Bennet, George 187, 188, 194
Bengal 115, 116, 146–7, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 257–8, 260, 265
Bentinck, William 203, 207
Bideford 23, 26
Bight of Benin 66, 68, 211
Bihar 146, 147, 148, 203
biscuits 80, 105, 114, 172, 178–9, 181, 183, 185, 193, 236, 274, 275, 306n42
ship’s or hardtack 4, 5, 26, 115, 116, 119, 203, 250, 256
Blake, William 127
Bombay 78, 151, 153, 155
Boer War (1899–1902) 232
bonny clabber 19, 20
Booth, Charles 233
Boston 38, 39, 129, 130, 139, 229
bouillon 72, 72r, 73, 174, 175, 250
brandy 42, 42, 57, 60, 61, 121, 122, 133, 263, 271, 274
Brazil 46, 47, 61, 67, 201
bread 4, 20, 29–30, 34, 36, 37, 42, 44, 51, 68, 72, 86, 88, 92, 95, 96, 114, 116, 134, 159, 161, 163, 167–8, 171, 172–3, 182, 191, 195, 200, 213, 215, 217, 223, 227, 228, 233, 236, 237, 253, 254, 259, 262, 263, 265, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273; see also cornbread, roti
Bright, John 217
Bristol 6, 7, 127
British Columbia xv, 171, 172, 176, 210
British Empire see First British Empire, Second British Empire, informal empire
British Guiana 22, 202, 204, 205, 269
British Honduras 194
Britishness see Englishness
Buchanan, Francis 147, 148, 153
buffalo 193, 229
Burke, Edmund 147
Burma 77, 207
Burton upon Trent 120–1
butter 4, 5, 8, 15, 16, 19, 30, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 53, 65, 86, 87, 88, 92, 95, 96, 116, 117, 118, 119, 125, 126, 168, 171, 172, 184, 223, 226, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 239–40, 253, 254, 259, 262, 275–6
trade 22–3, 25, 26
Caboto, Zuan/Jean Cabot 6, 7
Cadbury’s 233, 234, 268
Cadbury, William 268
Calcutta 78, 119, 120, 150, 151, 152, 155, 203, 207, 258
calico 53, 77, 78, 79, 81, 141, 264
California 210, 219, 269
Cape of Good Hope 113, 157, 164
Cape Horn 219
Canada (British North America) 168, 201, 223, 237, 254, 269, 270
canals 107, 121, 218
Canary Islands 6
canning 174–7, 184, 185, 227–8, 237, 244, 245, 250, 267, 274
Canton (Guangzhou) 79, 91, 150, 151, 152, 155, 156, 157, 209
Caribbean see individual islands
Carr’s biscuit makers 178, 193, 250, 306n42
casareep 44–5
cash crops 31, 147,
cassava see manioc
cattle 5, 18, 20, 22, 30, 33, 47, 116, 117, 139, 152, 160, 175, 190, 232, 243
breeding 40, 229, 232
farming 36, 37, 42, 103, 104, 170, 266
ranching 191, 229, 269
trade 22, 25, 26–7, 229
Cattle Acts (1667, 1681) 116
Cecil, Robert 254, 272, 282n27
Ceylon 209, 236, 246, 253, 254, 262, 266, 271
Charles I, king of England 24, 31
Charles II, king of England 74, 78
cheese 4, 5, 8, 23, 30, 36, 37, 53, 65, 86, 95, 96, 114, 118, 119, 168, 180, 181, 183, 185, 193, 234, 237. 250, 253, 254, 255, 259, 262
Chesapeake Bay 31
Chicago 218, 227, 229, 230, 250
chhattu 145, 146, 147
chilli pepper 58, 59, 67, 145, 146, 146, 200, 205, 205
chocolate 79, 114, 233–4
Christmas 27, 161, 179, 230, 261–3, 269, 270, 274, 275
Churchill, Winston 256, 257, 259
chutney 125, 126, 145, 146, 276
China xvi, xvii, 123, 148–9, 150–8, 177, 185, 201, 207, 208, 219, 265, 274
cinnamon 74, 75, 77, 262, 266, 273
cities
eating habits in 195
living conditions in 165, 214, 216, 224
migration to 163, 170, 214
wages in 165, 214
Civil War, American (1861–65) 98, 166, 234, 273
Civil War, English (1642–51) 24, 37, 43, 54
Clap, Roger 31, 34, 36
cloves 74, 75, 77, 89, 91, 124, 154, 205, 271
Cobbett, William 161
Cobden, Richard 217
cocoa 117, 211, 233–4, 237, 247, 255, 267, 268
coconut 188, 247, 267
coconut oil 200, 204
cod xvi, 3, 5–13, 26, 27, 116, 173, 237, 272, 273
cod liver oil 10, 241, 260, 280n46
coffee 53, 79, 110, 114, 130, 168, 172, 202, 209, 230, 233, 262
coffee houses 78, 79, 130
Colonial Development Corporation 247
colonial officials 146, 179–80, 182, 193, 240, 273
Commonwealth, the (1649–1660) 24, 25, 32, 43, 54
condiments 75, 114
confectioners 54
Connaught 15–17, 25, 27
consumerism 23, 24, 37, 75, 79, 81, 88–9, 96, 110–11, 118–19, 132, 139, 148, 155, 168, 189–90, 202, 211, 255, 264–5
cookery
African 58–60, 68, 100, 105, 240, 273
Caribbean 41–2, 44–5, 123
colonial American 29–30, 34
English 75–6, 86, 123–6
French 72–3, 75, 76
Guyanese 199–200, 204–05
Indian 126, 145–6, 204, 226
Irish 15–16, 19, 22–3,
Southern American 105
cookbooks 76, 124
Cork 16, 117, 175, 227, 263
corn (grain) 23, 25, 27, 37, 40, 53, 65, 223, 232, 254, 262, 266
cornbread 29–30, 34, 40
Corn Laws, repeal of 217, 218, 220, 223, 224,227, 262, 263, 265
cornmeal 34, 35, 105, 146, 173, 217, 242, 246
Coromandel Coast 77
cotton 43, 46, 61, 63, 78, 79, 86, 88, 89, 118, 147, 148, 151, 202, 203, 215, 256, 287n37; see also textiles
Crimp, R. L. 249, 251–2, 254, 255, 256
Cromwell, Oliver 24, 50, 54, 192
Crosse & Blackwell food manufacturers 177, 178, 181, 183, 185, 193, 274
currants xvi, 11, 12, 17, 41, 91, 261, 262, 266, 269, 270
curry xv, 125, 126, 168, 193, 199, 200, 201, 203, 205–06, 206, 207, 226, 261, 275
curry powder 125, 200, 204, 205, 205, 206, 276
Cyprus 46, 251, 254, 271
death rates 51, 210, 204, 260
Declaration of American Independence (1776) 130, 201
Desmond Rebellion 21, 23
dhal 152, 200, 204
Dickens, Charles 215, 263
diet 5, 8, 35, 195, 210, 248, 266
and national identity 272–4
in colonial India 180–1
in settler colonies 159, 162, 163, 166–8, 170
of native peoples 191, 193–5, 267–8
American colonial 30, 34, 36
English/British xvi, 30, 36, 53–4, 147, 185, 193, 226, 259, 265, 267
Hippocratic 76
indentured labourers’ 51, 203–04, 210,
Irish 18–19, 117
Kenyan 241–3, 245–6, 248
labourers’ 85–6, 89, 95–6, 159, 161, 167, 213–14, 224, 233
sailors’ 4, 8, 114, 115, 116, 117, 174, 175
slave 26–7, 38, 51, 65, 66, 67, 97, 99–100, 104, 105, 117, 123, 146, 148, 204, 273
working class xvii, 215–16, 224, 227, 233, 236–7, 241, 259–60, 265, 267
dietary theory 76, 81, 241–2
doughboys 168, 173, 193, 272
Drax, Henry 122, 123, 131
Drax, James 41, 42, 44, 46, 47, 52
drought 65, 67, 256, 267
Dublin 17, 23, 218
Dunton, John 15, 17, 19, 23, 27
Dutch West India Company 46
dyestuffs xvii, 11, 46, 78
East India Companies
Dutch 75, 79
English, xvi, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 89, 91, 92, 93, 108, 119, 122, 140, 146, 147, 148, 149, 153, 158, 179, 201, 202, 207, 209, 219, 262
Eastman, Timothy C. 229
East Africa 78, 163, 243–8, 257, 260
eddoes 122, 123
Edward VI, king of England 20, 21, 282n27
eggs 15, 34, 35, 76, 86, 87, 125, 177, 213, 214, 241, 247, 253, 270
Elizabeth I, queen of England 8, 20, 272, 282n27
emigration 31–2, 161–93, 209–10
Empire Marketing Board 237, 270
Engels, Friedrich 215, 217
Englishness 92–3, 123, 124, 182, 183–4, 230, 263–5, 270, 274
famine 24, 65, 117, 150, 158, 162, 209, 221, 257, 267
Bengal 257–8, 260
Irish 162–3, 165, 217, 263
Fiji 203, 253
First British Empire xvi, xvii, 55, 140
First World War 243
fish 3–13, 51, 53, 75, 81, 98, 101, 117–19, 123, 132, 140, 173, 174, 177, 180, 184, 185, 187, 195, 226, 234, 250, 272, 273; see also cod, herring
food
shortages 8, 25, 34, 96, 150, 221, 248, 255, 257, 260, 267
prices 8, 94, 150, 163, 178, 217, 219, 277, 232, 236, 244, 255, 257
food processing 10, 13, 117, 118, 119, 127, 185
France xvii, 8, 9, 23, 92, 102, 116, 141, 178, 217, 230, 283n63
free trade xvii, 156, 201, 217, 224, 227, 262, 265, 268, 269
freezing 226, 230, 232
freight rates 38, 164, 218, 220, 223, 229
French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802) xvii, 94, 113
Friedlander, Isaac 219
fruit xvi, 41, 54, 73, 75, 76, 81, 103, 119, 173, 177, 178, 181, 182, 193, 210, 223, 236–7, 247, 251
dried xvi, 11, 114, 117, 119, 172, 177, 263, 269
tinned 183, 256
Fujian 77, 207, 209
Gambia 57, 58, 103, 180, 211, 236, 247, 253, 254, 260
Gambia River 62, 64, 107
game 15, 25, 102, 103, 163, 194
gardens 20, 30, 34, 36, 37, 60, 86, 97–8, 99, 162, 170, 178, 225
Gaskell, Elizabeth 214, 216
George III, king of Great Britain and Ireland 137, 175
George V, king of Great Britain and Ireland 270
Ghana 67, 99, 100
ginger 46, 59, 60, 74, 75, 80, 86, 104, 122, 145, 210, 276
gingerbread 89, 178
Grenville, George 138, 283n47
Glasse, Hannah 87, 117
Gilks, J. L. 241, 243
Gold Coast 65, 67, 68, 69, 182, 211, 246, 254, 268
Goldner scandal 175–6, 228
grain elevator 218, 221
Great Exhibition (1851) 177, 218
Greece 262
groceries (colonial) xvi, 79, 91, 96
groundnuts see peanuts
Guyana 199–200
ham 41, 110, 114, 118, 119, 126, 127, 177, 178, 213, 214, 226, 232
Harding, Edward (Ted) 159–60, 161, 162, 170
Harding, Sarah 159–60, 162, 169
Hawaii 203, 237
Hawkins, Sir Richard 11, 67
Henry II, king of England 18
Henry VII, king of England 6, 17
Henry VIII, king of England 4, 5, 8, 20, 21
herring 5, 53, 117, 119
Hitler, Adolf 253, 255, 271, 272
Hodgson’s brewery 120–1
Holloway, Joseph 29–31, 34, 36–37
Holloway, Rose 29–31, 34
hominy 35, 102
Hong Kong 157, 184, 209, 210
hunger 24, 158, 161, 170, 192, 209, 214, 217, 248, 259
hunting 105, 173, 190, 191
Huntley & Palmer 178, 179, 183, 185, 306n42
Iceland 5–6, 7, 9, 11
indentured labour xvii, 24, 50, 51, 164, 201–4, 207–11, 242, 253, 265
India xvi, xvii, 46, 74, 77, 89, 92, 105, 113, 119, 120, 121, 126, 141, 145–53, 156, 157, 177–80, 182, 184, 185, 193–5, 200, 202–03, 207–09, 221–2, 253, 254, 257–9, 263, 268, 269, 271, 274, 275
Indian Ocean 77–8, 202, 256, 257, 259
Indian Pale Ale 120–1, 177
Indian Rebellion (1857) 179
Indonesian archipelago 77, 149
industrial ration 95, 172, 204, 210, 242, 259, 267
Industrial Revolution xvii, 49, 55, 127, 211, 215
industrialisation xvii, 9–11, 47–9, 52, 110, 116, 119–20, 127, 166, 177–8, 185, 208, 210, 214–15, 218, 220
industriousness 81, 120, 127, 141, 190, 262, 267
informal empire xvii, 156, 222
Ireland xvi, 6, 8, 9, 15–27, 33, 37, 53, 116, 117, 132, 163, 192, 217, 236
irio 239–40, 240–1, 242, 246, 248
jam 54, 177, 181, 193, 223, 234, 236, 250, 251
Jamaica 38, 54, 106, 110, 123, 246, 269, 271, 273
Jamestown 21, 31
jelly 75, 114, 117, 118, 193
Johnny cake 35
Jollof rice 59–60
kenkey 68
Kenya 240–6, 248, 254, 257
ketchup 114, 118, 183, 184, 184
Kikuyu 240–3, 245
Kipling, Rudyard 210
kola nut 233, 234
kwashiorkor 69
la Belinguere 57–60, 62, 63, 104, 211
la Courbe, Sieur Michel Jajolet 57–8, 59, 60–1, 63, 66, 104, 106, 211
lamb xvii, 73, 113, 225, 226, 227, 230, 232, 254
laudanum 154
la Varenne 73
Lancashire 86, 218, 226
Lathams, Nany (Anne) and Richard 85–90, 91, 265
Lazenby sauce 118
League of Nations 241
Lebensraum 273
Ligon, Richard 41, 43, 44, 47, 53, 122
Linlithgow, Lord 257, 258
Lipton’s 236
Lisbon 61 74
Liverpool 86, 218, 219, 220, 221, 227, 228, 256
living standards 25, 165, 224, 226
London xvi, 6, 7, 12, 15, 31, 38, 42, 52, 53, 54, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 92, 110, 111, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 123, 138, 151, 152, 155, 157, 164, 174, 176, 185, 187, 18, 217, 228, 229, 230, 236, 258, 266, 269
Londonderry 22, 165
Madeira 46, 121
Madeira wine 42, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 131, 184
Madras 78, 79, 119
maize xvi, 29, 30, 33, 34, 35, 67, 68–9, 97, 102, 105, 145, 147–8, 153, 193, 195, 211, 217, 229, 239, 240, 242, 243, 244–6, 248, 256, 257, 260, 273
Malaysia 203
Malcolm, Captain Daniel 130, 138–9
malnutrition 51, 69, 192, 210, 241, 246–8, 258, 267
Manchester 86, 88, 203, 213–16, 224, 225, 226, 236, 266
manioc xvi, 42, 44, 60, 67–8, 69, 148, 194, 211, 256
Maori 170, 192, 193
margarine 215, 233, 234, 250, 255, 259
Mary I, queen of England 20
Mary Barton 214
Mary Rose 3–5, 8, 75
Massachusetts 31, 51, 111, 130, 132, 133, 136, 137, 139
Massachusetts Bay 31, 33, 46
Mauritius 202, 203, 204, 246, 253, 254, 256
Mayhew, Henry 120, 121, 177, 178
mealie (maize meal) 195
meat 5, 6, 7, 8, 18, 20, 25, 26–7, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 54, 58, 73, 75, 86, 87, 96, 101, 105, 114, 115, 117, 119, 123, 124, 124–5, 126, 159, 161, 163, 168, 170, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, 191, 192, 193, 200, 206, 214, 224, 227–36, 237, 241, 243, 247, 250, 252, 253, 254–5, 256, 259, 267, 272; see also bacon, beef, mutton, pork
Mediterranean, the 12, 46, 64, 251, 254, 255, 261
Melbourne 176, 190
mercantilism xvii, 12, 201
Middleburg Plantation, South Carolina 97, 99, 102–10
Middle East Supply Centre 256
Mill, John Stuart 211
mill workers 213–15
millet 58, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 147–8, 221, 242, 244, 246, 273
milk 5, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22, 30, 34, 35, 36, 86, 87, 94, 95, 96, 102, 117, 168, 183, 184, 213, 223, 227, 241, 242, 243, 250, 252, 253, 253, 254, 259, 260, 263
condensed 195, 233, 234, 237
missionaries 158, 187–8
mobbie 42
mock turtle soup 124–5
molasses 34, 35, 38, 40, 47, 51, 53, 132, 133, 137, 138, 139, 140, 173, 272
Molasses Act (1733) 137
Moluccas, the 77, 266
More, Thomas 20
Moryson, Fynes 18, 19
Munster 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 117
Munster Plantation 21, 23, 33, 43, 282n27
mustard 75, 118, 119, 177, 204, 226
mutton 72, 73, 114, 125, 159, 162, 168–9, 175, 176, 181, 195, 205, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232
Napoleonic Wars (1803–15) xvii, 94, 164, 202
Natal 203, 204
native peoples xvii, 20, 179, 181, 190, 191, 192, 194, 243, 266, 271
Native Americans 25, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 40, 44, 69, 99, 102, 138, 140, 206, 271
First Nations (1651, 1660, 1663) xvii, 110, 132, 201
navy
British xvii, 8, 71, 92, 93, 140, 165
East India Company 20
French 234
German 253
victualling the, 8, 116–17, 174, 175–6
Netherlands 79, 110, 113, 178, 259
New England 29–40, 85, 102, 124, 132, 133–4, 137, 166, 219, 265
Newfoundland xvii, 5, 6–13, 17, 25–6, 27, 37, 47, 51, 77, 116, 117, 133, 173, 185, 272–3
New Zealand xvii, 159, 161, 162, 163, 166–9, 192, 225, 226, 230–1, 232, 234, 235, 252, 254, 270, 274
Nigeria 66, 67, 211, 248, 254
Niumi 57, 58, 62, 63
North African campaign, Second World War 249, 254, 255, 258
nutmeg 17, 41, 59, 61, 74, 77, 87, 124, 125, 131, 262, 266, 271
nutrition 36, 69, 95, 96, 173–4, 230, 234, 241, 242–3, 246–8, 256, 259–60, 265–6
oats 16, 20, 37, 170, 233
oilmen 177–8
Oldknow, Mr 261–3, 265, 266, 267, 269, 272
olive oil xvi, 11, 12
okra soup 110–01
opium 149, 154–6, 158, 207, 208, 209, 263, 268–9
production 147, 149–50, 152–3
trade 148, 150–2, 153
war (1839–42) 156–7
O’Neill, Hugh 21
Orr, John Boyd 241
packaging 5, 117, 119, 236, 253, 272
palm oil 211, 247
Palmerston, Lord 157
Paterson, A. R. 243, 245
Patna 146, 147, 149, 151, 153
peanuts (ground nut) 100, 211, 247, 256, 260
peasantry 18, 22, 50, 92, 110, 132, 147–54, 155, 158, 208, 209, 211, 221, 243, 257, 262, 266, 267
pease 89, 92, 114, 117
Peel, Sir Robert 217
pellagra 35, 69
pepper
black xvi, 41, 53, 58, 59, 60, 72, 72, 73, 74–8, 81, 87, 100, 101, 119, 141, 145, 168, 184, 206, 239–40, 276
cayenne 45, 100, 114, 124, 125, 126, 168, 206
Jamaica 122
yellow 75
pepper-pot 44–5
Pepys, Samuel 71–4, 75, 78, 79
Pepys, Elizabeth 71, 73, 78
perino 42
Persaud, Hari Pal and Savitri 200
Perth 190
pickles 45, 75, 114, 118, 119, 126, 177, 178, 181, 184, 185, 193, 204, 236
pineapple xv, 41, 58, 60, 67, 237
Pinfold, John 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 170, 214
Pinfold, Mary 159, 160, 163, 214
plantations xvii, 50, 64, 148, 202, 236, 247, 257, 268
rice xvi, 97–110, 146
sugar xvi, 38, 40, 41, 43, 46–9, 50, 51, 53, 61, 67, 89, 109, 118, 122, 123, 131, 132, 200, 201, 203–04, 206, 207, 208, 210, 265
tea 207–10
tobacco 26, 92
of English settlers 16, 20–4, 26, 31, 33, 77, 266
pork 5, 8, 41, 53, 86, 104, 114, 116, 117, 118, 134, 159, 166, 173, 193, 226, 227
portable soup 117, 175
potage (soup) 72–3, 72, 74, 75, 181
pottage (stew) 75, 86
pottery 23, 67, 166, 185, 261
pudding 34, 35, 79, 85, 86, 87, 91, 96, 114, 115, 124, 145, 167, 195, 228, 265
plum or Christmas 114, 185, 261–4, 266, 269–70, 270–1, 273–4
plantain 240, 242, 246
Plymouth, Devon 10, 12, 31
Plymouth, New England 33, 34
Portugal/Portuguese xv, 6, 9, 26, 46, 47, 58, 60, 61, 63, 67, 68, 74, 75, 78, 104, 123, 237, 240, 268, 273
posho (maize meal) 242, 244, 257
potatoes 22–3, 60, 85, 86, 95, 102, 114, 117, 123, 125, 161, 162–3, 165, 168, 173, 175, 182, 183, 210, 214, 215, 217, 223, 239–40, 240, 248, 250, 251, 259, 272, 276
prestige, food and 179, 182–3
protectionism 156, 237
provisions
industry 116, 117–20, 127, 174, 177–8, 185
magical qualities 182, 183–4
trade 26–7, 37–9, 53, 114, 117–19, 121–2, 126–7, 132–4, 140, 253, 261–2; see also butter trade and cattle trade
pumpkin 99, 182, 193, 273
pumpkin and shrimp curry 205–06
Punch magazine 230, 264
punch 61, 129–30, 131, 136
punch bowl 137, 138, 140
Punjab 226
Puritans 31
rabbit xv, 171, 176, 194
Raiatea 187–90
railways 163, 166, 169, 211, 219, 220, 221, 222, 242, 248, 257, 267
Raleigh, Walter 21, 31
rationing 254, 258, 259
rations 191–2, 203, 204, 249–50, 253, 255
refrigeration 229–30, 232, 234, 267
respectability, food and 158, 188–90, 194–5
restaurants 226, 240, 248
French (ordinaries) 71, 75
Rhodesias, the, 257
Northern xv, 195, 242
Southern 178, 254
rice xvi, 23, 53, 58, 61, 77, 81, 91, 97, 98, 100, 104–11, 118, 122, 124, 125, 134, 140, 141, 146, 147, 148, 175, 182, 195, 200, 203, 204, 209, 221, 236, 247, 251, 253, 256, 257, 258, 265, 273, 276
Richards, Audrey xv, 195, 242,
Romans, the 20, 133, 146
roti 147, 200, 206; see also bread
rum xvi, 38, 40, 42, 79, 114, 116, 117, 119, 129–30, 131–7, 139, 140, 154, 172, 199–200, 213, 265, 271
Roanoke 31
Rowntree’s 233
rubber xvii, 206, 254, 258
rye 29, 30, 33, 37, 268
saffron 75, 77, 154
sailors 3, 6, 75, 114–15, 164, 174, 175, 176, 203, 250, 253
Sagadahoc 31, 33
Sahara Desert 64
salt 9, 11, 12, 19, 23, 26, 35, 41, 53, 60, 72, 72, 73, 75, 76, 87, 100–01, 119, 125, 145, 146, 152, 154, 168, 172, 173, 175, 206, 210, 227, 229–30, 263, 272, 276
São Tomé 67, 268
sausages 73, 185, 223, 226, 255
seafood 34, 41
Second British Empire xvii, 141
Second World War 247, 249–60
Senegal 63, 65, 211
Senegambia 57, 58, 59, 61, 63, 66, 67, 104, 180, 211
Sesame 97, 99, 100
settler colonies 170, 213, 218, 237, 255, 267
Seven Years War (1756–1763) 92, 138, 139, 140
sheep 25, 94, 114, 160, 162, 166, 168, 189, 190–1, 222, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232
ships
clipper ships 219
shipbuilding xvi, 8, 12, 38, 53
steamships 165, 220, 232, 267
warships xvi, 4, 8, 116, 254
shops and shopkeepers 54, 90–1, 92, 94, 119, 121, 177, 210, 235–6, 258; see also bakeries
Sidney, Henry 21, 282n27
silver bullion 12, 13, 31, 55, 77, 148, 150–8, 258
Simons, Benjamin I 102–03, 106
Simons, Benjamin III 106, 109
slavery 40, 47, 50, 51, 63–4, 65, 68, 89, 92, 93, 97–9, 102, 103, 106–10, 131, 140, 204, 262, 268, 273
abolition of 201, 202, 211
trade xvi, xvii, 46, 50–1, 55, 57, 61–6, 67, 68–9, 78, 104, 108, 110, 118, 132, 140, 148, 153, 247, 258, 268
Smith, Adam 201
Smith, Edward 215, 227, 232
Smith, George 162, 170
Sons of Liberty 129–30, 132, 136, 137, 140
sorghum 67, 68, 244, 246, 273
South Africa 163, 170, 254, 256, 269, 270
South America xvi, 31, 43, 163, 184, 202, 207, 219, 227, 232, 240
South Carolina xvi, 97–111, 122, 219
South Pacific 190
soy sauce 210
Spam 255
Spain and Spanish 6, 9, 11, 13, 21, 31, 54, 77, 115, 131, 151, 155, 157, 164, 283n47
Spenser, Edmund 21
Spice Islands 5, 6, 78
spices xvi, 5, 7, 11, 34, 53, 74–8, 79, 80, 81, 91, 114, 118, 119, 126, 204, 263, 264, 274; see also individual spices
Spring Purification Movement 156
squash 30, 34, 99, 193, 244
Stamp Act (1765) 129, 136
Stanley, Henry 266
starvation 31, 65, 158, 163, 214–15, 256, 258, 259, 267
succotash 30, 34
suet 41, 79, 86, 117, 163, 236, 262, 263, 270
Suez canal 255
sugar xvi, 23, 35, 38, 40, 42, 42, 55, 58, 61, 79, 87, 93, 98, 100, 117, 118, 122, 131, 132, 140, 141, 163, 168, 172, 174, 177, 185, 191, 195, 201, 204, 206, 211, 217, 236, 237, 247, 250, 252, 253, 255, 259, 262, 263, 267, 270, 274
cultivation and production 26, 43, 46–9, 51–2, 61, 67, 103, 110, 118, 131, 190, 201–03, 207, 210
duties 92, 132, 223
in the British diet 53–4, 76, 81, 89, 90–1, 94–6, 215, 223–4, 259, 264–6
in tea 80–1, 92, 94–6, 133, 188–9, 265
nutritional value 96
planters 27, 41, 110, 122, 123, 140, 201, 202, 203
trade 55, 89
Sugar Act (1764) 138
Sugar Duties Act (1846) 201
Surat 77, 78
surveying xv, 29, 95, 147, 148, 153, 171, 178, 192, 241
Swannell, Frank 171, 173, 176
sweet potatoes 42, 122, 245, 250, 251
syllabub 16, 17
Swift, Gustavus 229
Tamil Nadu 209
Tandon, Prakash 194, 225, 237
Tanganyika 246, 247, 254, 257, 266
tapioca 194, 233
Tariff Act (1661) 55, 138
taverns 78, 130, 134–7
taxation xvi, 32, 129, 130, 133, 137–40, 146–7, 148, 152, 155, 218, 244, 263
tea xv, 79, 91, 94, 110, 114, 119, 138, 139, 141, 152, 154, 161, 163, 171, 172, 191, 192, 204, 211, 219, 233–4, 236, 237, 253, 259, 262, 264, 267
and respectability 189–90, 265
civilizing power of 188–9, 265
drinking xvi, 49, 79–81, 91–2, 94–6, 110–11, 133, 136, 148, 149, 157, 174, 213–15, 223, 250–2, 265–6
tea industry 207–09, 268
tea trade 92–3, 148, 151, 155, 157, 201–02, 209
tea-kettle broth 159
textiles/textile trade and production xvii, 11, 23, 32, 43, 47, 53, 77, 78, 81, 86, 88, 89, 91, 96, 119, 127, 148, 157, 166, 168, 202, 210, 220; see also cotton
Thames, River 120, 127, 177
Thanksgiving 33, 273
timber/timber trade xvi, xvii, 9, 31, 38, 40, 53, 81, 103, 164, 165, 173, 210
tobacco 23, 26, 31, 43, 44, 45–6, 52, 61, 79, 81, 92, 99, 100, 108, 148, 149, 154, 190, 191, 210, 237, 264
Townshend Acts (1767) 138, 139
transport of food stuffs 54, 68, 105, 110, 118, 121, 122, 126, 164, 218, 219, 220, 229, 253, 272
treacle (golden syrup) 85, 86, 89, 90, 91, 96, 215, 233, 236, 265, 292n1
Treaty of Nanking (1842) 157
Trinidad 202, 204
turtles123–5, 124–6, 134, 182, 183
Tyermann, Rev. Daniel 187, 188, 194
Ulster Plantation 21, 22, 23, 282n27
unemployment 160, 170, 259
United States of America xvii, 141, 163, 165, 166, 195, 201, 218, 221, 228, 229, 230, 232, 237, 247, 255, 256, 264, 266, 271
Venice 74
vegetables 30, 37, 54, 60, 73, 75, 86, 96, 99, 101, 169, 173, 174, 180, 182, 183, 193, 210, 225, 240, 255, 272, 276; see also pease
venison 123, 172
vi-cocoa 233–4
vinegar 45, 75, 114, 118, 119, 122, 174, 177, 181, 184, 185
Virginia 22, 26, 32, 41, 44, 46, 92, 103, 105, 111, 133
Virginia Assembly 136
Virginia Company 31
wages 36, 68, 94, 160, 163, 165, 166, 201, 207, 214, 215, 217, 224, 227, 247, 259, 265
Wavell, Lord 258
Wellesley, Lord 175
West Africa xv, xvi, xvii, 9, 46, 58, 59, 69, 78, 81, 99, 100, 103, 104, 106, 108, 109, 110, 118, 132, 147, 180, 182, 195, 211, 234, 237, 246, 247, 255, 273
Wilkes, John 130, 137
wheat xvii, 20, 29–30, 33, 34, 86, 94, 105, 118, 134, 164, 167, 170, 195, 215, 217, 218–24, 227, 232, 253, 254, 258, 259, 262, 263, 267, 268, 269, 273
whiskey 132
Williams, John 189–90
Wilson family 213–14
wine xvi, 6, 11–12, 17, 38, 41, 42, 54, 58, 61, 73, 74, 87, 114, 119, 120, 121, 122, 125, 126, 130, 131, 135, 136, 138, 154, 164, 176, 181, 200, 215, 261, 274; see also Madeira wine
Winthrop, John 31, 33, 51
Winthrop, Henry 45
woollens xvi, 6, 11, 53, 78, 118, 148, 261
Woolton, Lord 260
Worcester sauce 181, 253
yams 60, 66, 67, 122, 134, 191, 193
yeomen 32, 33, 36
Yonge, James 10, 11, 12
Young, Arthur 92