ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
1. From FBI personnel files of William Weyand Turner acquired by author August 1980 through the Freedom of Information Act.
PREFACE
1. Carlos Prío Socarrás, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, November 1974.
2. Lyman Kirkpatrick, interview with the author, Rhode Island, April 1974.
3. Alfonso Chardy and Michael Sallah, “Yanqui Rebel William Morgan's Saga in Cuban Revolution Is Revived,” Miami Herald, January 6, 2009.
4. Frank Sturgis, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, April 1974.
5. Prío, interview.
6. Ibid.
7. Speech delivered in Ciudad Libertad, January 9, 1959, available at the Castro Speech Data Base, Latin American Network Information Center, lanic.utexas.edu.
8. Prío, interview.
9. Ibid.
10. William Pawley, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, November 1963.
11. Sturgis, interview.
12. Wikipedia, s.v. “Cuban Project,” wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba_Project (accessed February 25, 2013).
13. Warren Hinckle and William W. Turner, Deadly Secrets (1981; repr., New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1992), p. 285.
14. Saul Landau, “The Jeb Connection—Part I: At Our Expense; The Costly Relationship between Jeb Bush and Right Wing Cuban Exiles,” Radio Progreso Weekly, July 25, 2002, available at the Transnational Institute, tni.org//archives/archives_landau_jeb1 (accessed February 25, 2013).
15. “Cuban Linked to Terror Bombing Is Freed by Government in Miami,” New York Times, July 18, 1990.
16. Andres Viglucci, “Miami-Dade Recount Protest by GOP called ‘Fascism,’” Miami Herald, November 26, 2000.
CHAPTER 1: THE VIOLENT PAST IS PROLOGUE
1. Fidel Castro, “History Will Absolve Me” speech, 1953, transcribed by Andrew Paul Booth and Brian Baggins, translated by Pedro Álvarez Tabío and Andrew Paul Booth (La Habana, Cuba: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 1975), available online at the Castro Internet Archive, 2001, www.marxists.org/history/cuba/archive/castro/1953/10/16.htm (accessed February 25, 2013).
2. Castro Internet Archive, “On the Promulgation of the Agrarian Law,” a speech delivered by Fidel Castro, May 17, 1959, http://www.marxists.org/history/cuba/archive/castro/1959/05/17.htm (accessed February 15, 2013).
3. Georgie Anne Geyer, Guerrilla Prince: The Untold Story of Fidel Castro, Kindle ed. (New York: Garrett County Press, 2010), loc. 1099–1101.
4. Ibid., loc. 1101–1102.
5. Hugh Thomas, Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom (New York: DaCapo Press, 1971), p. 769.
6. Ibid., p. 755.
7. Carlos Prío Socarrás, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, November 1974.
8. Frank Sturgis, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, April 1974.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Thomas, Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom, p. 1022.
12. E. Howard Hunt, Give Us This Day (New York: Popular Library, 1973), p. 85.
CHAPTER 2: THE EAGLE HAS LANDED
1. Former State Department officer in Havana, interview with the author, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, August 31, 1991.
2. Douglas Kellner, Ernesto “Che” Guevara: World Leaders Past & Present (London: Chelsea House Publishers, 1988), p. 48.
3. Tim O'Meilia, “Cuban Dictator's Wife Gave Quietly,” Palm Beach Post, October 5, 2006.
4. Hank Messick, Lansky (New York: Berkeley, 1971), p. 123.
5. Warren Hinckle and William W. Turner, Deadly Secrets (1981; repr., New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1992), p. 344.
6. Hugh Thomas, Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom (New York: DaCapo Press, 1971), p. 947.
7. William Pawley, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, November 1963.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Thomas, Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom, p. 1196.
12. Pawley, interview
13. Thomas, Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom, p. 1204.
14. Pawley, interview.
15. E. Howard Hunt, Give Us This Day (New York: Popular Library, 1973), p. 102.
16. Pawley, interview.
17. Ibid.
18. Testimony by Ambassador Earl E. T. Smith before the US Senate Hearing on the “Communist Threat to the United States through the Caribbean,” August 27–30, 1960.
19. Ibid.
20. Arturo Espaillat, Trujillo: The Last Caesar (Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1963), p. 142.
21. Pawley, interview.
22. Carlos Prío Socarrás, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, November 1974.
23. Ibid.
CHAPTER 3: HAVANA SYNDICATED
1. Gerry Patrick Hemming, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, April 1974.
2. FBI legal attaché to the Havana Embassy, interview with the author, Carmel Valley, California, 2004.
3. Hugh Thomas, Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom (New York: Da Capo Press, 1998), p. 1029.
4. Ibid.
5. T. J. English, Havana Nocturne: How the Mob Owned Cuba, and Then Lost It to the Revolution (HarperCollins ebooks), loc. 1700 of 7796.
6. Ibid., loc. 1880 of 7796.
7. Ibid., loc. 2381 of 7796.
8. Ibid., loc. 4338 of 7796.
9. Wikipedia, s.v. “Walter Annenberg,” wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Annenberg (accessed February 25, 2013).
10. English, Havana Nocturne, loc. 256 of 7796.
11. Ibid., loc. 810 of 7796.
12. Harry J. Anslinger and Will Oursler, The Murderers: The Shocking Story of the Narcotics Gangs (New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1961), p. 185.
13. Dennis Eisenberg, Uri Dan, and Eli Landau, Meyer Lansky: Mogul to the Mob (New York: Paddington, 1979), p. 288.
14. Frank Sturgis, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, April 1974.
15. William W. Turner, Hoover's FBI (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1993), p. 160.
16. Confidential source.
17. Turner, Hoover's FBI, p. xxi.
18. Sturgis, interview.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Mike McLaney, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, December 1974.
25. Sturgis, interview.
26. Gerry Patrick Hemming, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, April 1974.
27. FBI legal attaché, interview.
28. Steve Wasserman and William W. Turner, Ramparts Magazine, submitted interrogatory for Fidel Castro to Cuban official in 1978. The reply from Castro came through the same channel.
29. Sturgis, interview.
30. E. Howard Hunt, Give Us This Day (New York: Popular Library, 1973), p. 122.
31. Murray Kempton, America Comes of Middle Age: Columns 1950–1962 (New York: Penguin Books, 1972), p. 135.
32. Sturgis, interview.
33. Ibid.
34. Ibid.
35. Claudia Furiati, ZR Rifle: The Plot to Kill Kennedy and Castro (Melbourne, Australia: Ocean Press, 1994), p. 18.
36. Warren Hinckle and William W. Turner, “How the CIA and the Mafia Tried to Kill Castro,” Boulevard Magazine, October 1981.
CHAPTER 4: SIDEBAR: JACK RUBY
1. James Hepburn and William W. Turner, Farewell America: The Plot to Kill JFK (Liechtenstein: Frontiers Publishing, 1968), p. 271.
2. “The Warren Commission Report,” National Archives, 1964, p. 796, archives.gov/research/jfk/warren_commission_report/appendix_16.html.
3. Ibid., p. 780.
4. The report is no longer available; it was discovered by the author in the course of his work with District Attorney Garrison on the JFK assassination in 1967.
5. Ibid.
6. Warren Hinckle and William W. Turner, Deadly Secrets (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1981), p. 246.
7. “Warren Commission Report,” p. 802.
8. FBI memorandum to the Warren Commission, March 26, 1964.
9. Thayer Waldo, interview with the author, San Rafael, California, September 1967.
10. Gerry Patrick Hemming, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, April 1974.
11. FBI memorandum to the Warren Commission, March 26, 1964.
12. William W. Turner, Hoover's FBI (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1993), p. 170.
13. Bernard Gavzer and Sid Moody, “The Warren Report and Its Critics,” Joplin Globe, June 29, 1967.
14. Ibid.
15. FBI Report of Mary Thompson's testimony provided to the Warren Commission, 1964.
16. Ibid.
17. Alan J. Weberman and Michael Canfield, Coup d'Etat in America (San Francisco: Quick American Archives, 1992), p. 157.
18. FBI interview with Edward Browder, January 8, 1978, House Select Committee on Assassinations, Box 105/5081.
19. Ibid.
20. Gavzer and Moody, “Warren Report and Its Critics.”
21. Burton Turkus and Sid Feder, Murder Inc.: The Story of the Syndicate (New York: Da Capo Press, 2003), pp. 290–91.
22. Dean Jennings, We Only Kill Each Other: The Life and Bad Times of Bugsy Siegel (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1967), p. 17.
23. Studs Terkel, interview with the author, Chicago, Illinois, October 1975.
24. Carl Sidakis, The Mafia Encyclopedia, Kindle ed. (New York: Facts On File, 2005), loc. 558 of 13184.
25. T. J. English, Havana Nocturne: How the Mob Owned Cuba, and Then Lost It to the Revolution (Harper Collins eBooks), loc. 1710 of 7796.
26. Hinckle and Turner, Deadly Secrets, p. 246.
27. Peter Dale Scott, Deep Politics and the Death of JFK, Kindle ed. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), loc. 2154 of 5628.
28. Anecdotal information discovered by the author during his research on wiretapping while assigned to the Los Angeles FBI office in 1959.
29. Confidential source.
30. Peter Dale Scott, Deep Politics and the Death of JFK (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), p. 162.
31. Hepburn and Turner, Farewell America, p. 271.
32. “Warren Commission Report,” chap. 6, p. 342.
33. Lee Harvey Oswald—The Patsy, oswaldpatsy.tripod.com.
34. Seymour Ellison, interview with the author, San Anselmo, California, June 1978.
35. Ibid.
36. William W. Turner and Jonn Christian, The Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1993), pp. 194–95.
CHAPTER 5: THE NIXON NOBODY KNEW
1. Anthony Summers, The Arrogance of Power, Kindle ed. (New York: Penguin Books, 2001), loc. 1499 of 20387.
2. Earl Mazo, Richard Nixon, A Political and Personal Portrait (New York: Avon Books, 1960), p. 23.
3. William W. Turner, Power on the Right (San Francisco: Ramparts Press, 1971), p. 65.
4. Summers, Arrogance of Power (New York: Viking Books, 2000), p. 33.
5. Ibid., pp. 47–48.
6. Summers, Arrogance of Power, Kindle ed., loc. 1473 of 20387
7. Summers, Arrogance of Power, p. 32.
8. Ibid., p. 128.
9. Summers, Arrogance of Power, Kindle ed., loc. 4294 of 20387.
10. John F. Kennedy (speech, Democratic Dinner, Cincinnati, Ohio, October 6, 1960); transcript available online via Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=25660 (accessed February 18, 2013).
11. Summers, Arrogance of Power, p. 125.
12. Ibid., p. 126.
13. Ibid., pp. 124–25.
14. Summers, Arrogance of Power, Kindle ed., loc. 3052 of 20387.
15. Dennis Eisenberg, Uri Dan, and Eli Landau, Meyer Lansky: Mogul to the Mob (New York: Paddington, 1979), p. 288.
16. Summers, Arrogance of Power, Kindle ed., loc. 3071 of 20387.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid., loc. 3118 of 20387.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. FBI report concerning Bebe Rebozo from January 9, 1959.
23. Summers, Arrogance of Power, Kindle ed., loc. 3142 of 20387.
24. Ibid., loc. 3143 of 20387.
25. Ibid., loc. 3110 of 20387.
26. Frank Sturgis, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, April 1974.
27. Summers, Arrogance of Power, Kindle ed., loc. 4289 of 20387.
28. Ibid., loc. 2455 of 20387.
29. Ibid., loc. 3119 of 20387.
30. Ibid., loc. 2647 of 20387.
31. Warren Hinckle and William W. Turner, Deadly Secrets (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1992), p. 338.
32. Author's recollections of a conversation many years ago.
CHAPTER 6: THE ALLIANCE NOBODY KNEW
1. Rolando Salup, Minister of the Exterior, interview with the author, Havana, Cuba, 1987.
2. Frank E. Smitha, Castro Takes Power, Macrohistory and World Report, fsmitha.com/h2/ch24t63.html (accessed February 20, 2013)
3. Charles O. Porter, US Representative, interview, Wall Street Journal, January 19, 1982.
4. Anthony Summers, The Arrogance of Power, Kindle ed. (New York: Penguin Books, 2000), loc. 160 of 20387.
5. Anthony Summers, The Arrogance of Power (New York: Viking Books, 2000), p. 206.
6. William Pawley, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, November 1963.
7. “Fidel Castro's Trip to the United States,” an excerpt from Family Portrait with Fidel, by Carlos Franqui (New York: Random House, 1984), available via J. A. Sierra, ed. and comp., historyofcuba.com, http://historyofcuba.com/history/franqui3.htm (accessed February 18, 2013).
8. Smitha, Castro Takes Power.
9. Georgie Anne Geyer, Guerrilla Prince: The Untold Story of Fidel Castro, Kindle ed. (Garret County Press Digital Edition, 2011), loc. 4918 of 9310.
10. Ibid.
11. Carlos Prío Socarrás, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, November 1974.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Geyer, Guerrilla Prince, loc. 4930 of 9310.
16. Pawley, interview.
17. Ibid.
18. Summers, Arrogance of Power, p. 182.
19. Hugh Thomas, Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom (New York: Da Capo Press, 1998), p. 1211.
20. Ibid.
21. Summers, Arrogance of Power, Kindle ed., loc. 4406 of 20387.
22. Geyer, Guerrilla Prince, loc. 5050 of 9310.
23. Summers, Arrogance of Power, Kindle ed., loc. 4409 of 20387.
24. Prío, interview.
CHAPTER 7: NIXON'S RED-BAITING BOOMERANGS INTO CASTRO EPIPHANY
1. J. A. Sierra, ed. and comp., Economic Embargo Timeline, historyofcuba.com, http://historyofcuba.com/history/funfacts/embargo.htm (accessed February 20, 2013).
2. Frank Sturgis, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, April 1974.
3. Charles O. Porter, US Representative, interview, Wall Street Journal, January 19, 1982.
4. Frank E. Smitha, “Castro Takes Power,” Macrohistory and World Report, fsmitha.com/h2/ch24t63.html (accessed February 20, 2013).
5. Ibid.
6. Herbert L. Matthews, Castro, A Political Biography (London: Pelican Books, 1970), p. 102.
7. Smitha, “Castro Takes Power.”
8. William Pawley, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, November 1963.
9. Anthony Summers, The Arrogance of Power, Kindle ed. (New York: Penguin Books, 2001), loc. 3095 of 20387.
CHAPTER 8: SETTING UP THE BAY OF PIGS AND OTHER DISASTERS
1. William Pawley, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, November 1963.
2. Hugh Thomas, Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom (New York: Da Capo Press, 1998), p. 1258.
3. Warren Hinckle and William W. Turner, Deadly Secrets (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1992), p. 42.
4. “Report on the Covert Activities of the Central Intelligence Agency,” Central Intelligence Agency, p. 16, http://www.foia.cia.gov/helms/pdf/Doolittle_report.pdf (accessed February 22, 2013).
5. Pawley, interview.
6. Ibid.
7. Frank Sturgis, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, April 1974.
8. British Foreign Office records of House of Lords debate, November 28, 1959, declassified on March 22, 2001.
9. Nathaniel Weyl, Red Star Over Cuba (New York: Devon-Adair, 1960), p. 62.
10. Sturgis, interview
11. Wikipedia, s.v. “Orlando Bosch,” wikipedia.org, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Bosch.
12. Saul Landau, “The Jeb Connection—Part I: At Our Expense; The Costly Relationship between Jeb Bush and Right Wing Cuban Exiles,” Radio Progresso Weekly, July 25, 2002, available at the Transnational Institute, tni.org//archives/archives_landau_jeb1 (accessed February 25, 2013).
13. Hinckle and Turner, Deadly Secrets, p. 106.
14. Alan J. Weberman and Michael Canfield, Coup d'Etat in America (San Francisco: Quick American Archives, 1992), p. 126.
15. Ibid., p. 335.
16. Sturgis, interview.
17. Unknown author, Marines’ Hymn, official hymn of the US Marine Corps.
18. Pawley, interview.
19. Ibid.
20. Banana Republic, “The United Fruit Company,” www.mayapariaso.com/united_fruit_company.php (accessed February 20, 2013).
21. Pawley, interview.
22. Ibid.
23. “Report on the Covert Activities of the Central Intelligence Agency,” p. 8.
24. Sturgis, interview.
25. Joel David Kaplan, interview with the author, Glendora, California, September 1967.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Eliot Asinof, Warren Hinckle, and William W. Turner, The Ten-Second Jailbreak (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1973). The full story of the Kaplan escape is told in this book.
30. Kaplan, interview.
CHAPTER 9: MAJOR MORGAN'S TRIPLE PLAY
1. Gerry Patrick Hemming, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, November 1973.
2. Fabian Escalante, The Secret War: CIA Covert Operations against Cuba 1959–62 (Melbourne, Australia: Ocean Press, 1995), p. 19.
3. David Grann, “The Yankee Comandante,” New Yorker, May 28, 2012, www.newyorker.com/reporting/2012/05/28/120528fa_fact-grann?currentPage-all (accessed February 26, 2013).
4. Frank Sturgis, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, April 1974.
5. Grann, “Yankee Comandante.”
6. Escalante, Secret War, pp. 18–19.
7. Ibid., p. 20.
8. Ibid.
9. See chapter 1.
10. Escalante, Secret War, p. 22.
11. Ibid., p. 19.
12. See chapter 8.
13. Grann, “Yankee Comandante.”
14. Escalante, Secret War, p. 21.
15. Ibid., pp. 21–22.
16. Ibid., p. 22.
17. Hemming, interview.
18. Fabian Escalante, interview with the author, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, August 1991.
19. Ibid.
20. Grann, “Yankee Comandante.”
21. Hugh Thomas, Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom (New York: Da Capo Press, 1998), p. 1238.
22. Hemming, interview.
23. Grann, “Yankee Comandante.”
24. Arturo Espaillat, Trujillo: The Last Caesar (Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1963), p. 160.
25. Thomas, Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom, p. 1238.
26. Ibid.
27. Espaillat, Trujillo, p. 160.
28. Grann, “Yankee Comandante.”
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.
31. Hemming, interview.
32. Grann, “Yankee Comandante.”
33. FBI legal attaché to the Havana Embassy, interview with the author, Carmel Valley, California, 2004.
34. Hemming, interview.
35. Ibid.
36. Escalante, interview.
37. Ibid.
38. Grann, “Yankee Comandante.”
39. Ibid.
40. Hemming, interview.
41. Che Guevara, Radical Writings on Guerilla Warfare, Politics and Revolution (New York: Filiquarian Publishing, 2006), p. 188.
42. Escalante, Secret War, p. 29.
43. Grann, “Yankee Comandante.”
44. Ibid.
45. Hemming, interview.
46. Grann, “Yankee Comandante.”
47. Boris Kitt, “George Clooney to Direct Cuban Military Drama ‘The Yankee Comandante,” Hollywood Reporter, http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/george-clooney-direct-cuba-yankee-comandante-334374 (accessed February 26, 2013).
CHAPTER 10: THE BEAST OF THE CARIBBEAN
1. Robert D. Crassweller, Trujillo, the Life and Times of a Caribbean Dictator (New York: MacMillan, 1966), p. 288.
2. Warren Hinckle and William W. Turner, Deadly Secrets (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1992), p. 322.
3. Arturo Espaillat, Trujillo, the Last Caesar (Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1963), p. 154.
4. Crassweller, Trujillo, p. 194.
5. Wikipedia, s.v. “Rómulo Betancourt,” wikipedia.org/wiki/rómulo_betancourt.
6. Crassweller, Trujillo, p. 202.
7. Bernard Diederich, Trujillo, the Death of a Goat (New York: Little, Brown, 1978), p. 133.
8. William Pawley, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, November 1963.
9. Ibid.
10. Joel David Kaplan, interview with the author, Glendora, California, September 1967.
11. Ibid.
12. William W. Turner, Rearview Mirror: Looking Back at the FBI, the CIA and Other Tails (Granite Bay, CA: Penmarin Books, 2001), p. 266.
13. Kaplan, interview.
14. Diederich, Trujillo, p. 159.
15. Hinckle and Turner, Deadly Secrets, p. 112.
16. “Kennedy's Fears of Foreign Assassinations,” New York Times, July 23, 1975.
17. Bo Burlingham, “The Other Tricky Dick,” Esquire, November 1975.
18. Hinckle and Turner, Deadly Secrets, p. 113.
CHAPTER 11: LA BATALLA DE GIRÓN
1. William Pawley, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, November 1963.
2. Leonard Mosley, Dulles (New York: Dial Press, 1978), p. 304.
3. E. Howard Hunt, Give Us This Day (New York: Arlington House, 1973), p. 38.
4. Ibid., p. 75.
5. Pawley, interview.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Warren Hinckle and William W. Turner, Deadly Secrets (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1992), pp. 198–99.
10. Ibid., pp. 74–75.
11. Jay Mallin, Covering Castro (New York: Transaction Publishers, 1994), p. 175.
12. J. A. Sierra, “Invasion at Bay of Pigs: The Plan,” historyofcuba.com/history/baypigs/pigs3.htm (accessed February 22, 2013).
13. Frank Sturgis, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, April 1974.
14. Sierra, “Invasion at Bay of Pigs”
15. Pawley, interview.
16. Richard M. Bissell, Reflections of a Cold War Warrior: From Yalta to the Bay of Pigs (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996), p. 210.
17. Nestor T. Carbonell, And the Russians Stayed: The Sovietization of Cuba (New York: William Morro, 1989), p. 127.
18. Sierra, “Invasion at the Bay of Pigs.”
19. Ibid.
20. Chester Bowles, “Chester Bowles Papers,” pt. 6, ser. 1, “Correspondence, 1961–1963,” box 300, folder 536, “Dean Rusk 1961,” State Department Correspondence, http://hdl.handle.net/10079/fa/mssa.ms.0628 (accessed February 22, 2013).
21. Arthur Schlesinger Jr., A Thousand Days (New York: Mariner Books, 2002), p. 320.
22. Peter Kornbluh, Bay of Pigs Declassified: The Secret CIA Report on the Invasion of Cuba (New York: New Press, 1998), p. 224.
23. Ibid., p. 246.
24. Hinckle and Turner, Deadly Secrets, p. 86.
25. Sturgis, interview.
26. Hunt, Give Us This Day, p. 185.
27. Lyman Kirkpatrick, interview with the author, Rhode Island, April 1974.
28. Sierra, “Invasion at Bay of Pigs.”
29. Hugh Thomas, Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom (New York: Da Capo Press, 1998), p. 1358.
30. Sturgis, interview.
31. Thomas, Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom, pp. 1361–62.
32. Kirkpatrick, interview.
33. Sierra, “Invasion at Bay of Pigs.”
34. Ibid.
35. L. Fletcher Prouty, The Secret Team: The CIA and Its Allies in Control of the United States and the World (New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2008), p. 325.
36. Ibid., p. 330.
37. Hinckle and Turner, Deadly Secrets, p. 102.
38. Bissell, Reflections of a Cold War Warrior, p. 250.
39. Schlesinger, Thousand Days, p. 885.
40. Sierra, “Invasion at Bay of Pigs.”
41. Enrique “Harry” Ruiz-Williams, interview with the author, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, November 1973.
42. Claudia Furiati, ZR Rifle: The Plot to Kill Kennedy and Castro (Melbourne, Australia: Ocean Press, 1994), p. 16.
43. Anthony Summers, The Arrogance of Power, Kindle ed. (New York: Penguin Books, 2001), loc. 4449 of 20387.
CHAPTER 12: KENNEDY GETS HIS IRISH UP
1. Memo to Secretary of State Dean Rusk, cited in Warren Hinckle and William W. Turner, Deadly Secrets (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1992), p. 289.
2. James Stevenson, interview with the author, Sonoma, California, August 1963.
3. Hinckle and Turner, Deadly Secrets, p. 104.
4. Ibid., p. 105.
5. Ibid., p. 108.
6. Jorge I. Dominguez, “The @#$%& Missile Crisis (Or, What Was ‘Cuban’ about US Decisions during the Cuban Missile Crisis,” Diplomatic History: The Journal of the Society for Historians of Foreign Relations 24, no. 2 (Spring 2000): 305–15.
7. Ibid.
8. After World War II, the Huks, former resistance fighters against the Japanese in the Philippines, turned against the government to counter supposed maltreatment. They initiated guerilla warfare against the government that lasted until 1954.
9. James G. Blight and Peter Kornbluh, eds., Politics of Illusion: The Bay of Pigs Invasion Reexamined (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1999), p. 125.
10. David Atlee Phillips, The Night Watch (New York: Atheneum Books, 1977), p. 91.
11. Claudia Furati, ZR Rifle, The Plot to Kill Kennedy and Castro (Melbourne, Australia: Ocean Press, 1994), p. 42.
12. Domínguez, “@#$%& Missile Crisis,” pp. 305–15.
13. BBC News, “Castro: Profile of the Great Survivor,” February 19, 2008, retrieved June 3, 2008. news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/Americas/244974.stm (accessed February 22, 2013)
14. Lamar Waldron and Thom Hartmann, Ultimate Sacrifice: John and Robert Kennedy, the Plan for a Coup in Cuba, and the Murder of JFK (New York: Carroll & Graf, 2005), p. 409.
15. Fabian Escalante, interview with the author, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, August 1991.
16. Hinckle and Turner, Deadly Secrets, pp. 216–17.
17. Ibid.
18. J. A. Sierra, ed. and comp., Rolando Cubela Secades, AKA AMLASH, historyofcuba.com, historyofcuba.com./history/Havana/Cubela.htm (accessed February 22, 2013).
19. “CIA Inspector General's Report on Plots to Assassinate Castro,” p. 84, http://dagmar.lunarpages.com/~parasc2/mx/articles/castroreport.htm (accessed October 15, 2012).
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid., p. 99.
22. Francis Xavier Casey, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, December 1978.
23. Hinckle and Turner, Deadly Secrets, p. 289.
24. Ibid., p. 136.
25. Furiati, ZR Rifle, p. 47.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid., p. 49.
28. Ibid.
29. Noam Chomsky and Peter Mitchell, Understanding Power: The Indispensable Chomsky (New York: New Press, 2002).
CHAPTER 13: THE HITS THAT MISSED
1. Gerry Patrick Hemming, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, November 1973.
2. Warren Hinckle and William W. Turner, Deadly Secrets (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1992), pp. 410–11.
3. Ibid., p. 410.
4. Hemming, interview.
5. Arturo Espaillat, Trujillo: The Last Caesar (Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1963), p. 116.
6. Frank Sturgis, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, April 1974.
7. Gaeton Fonzi, The Last Investigation (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1993), pp. 83–107.
8. Sturgis, interview.
9. Hinckle and Turner, Deadly Secrets, p. 51.
10. Ibid.
11. Anthony Summer, The Arrogance of Power, Kindle ed. (New York: Penguin Books, 2000), loc. 12572 of 20387.
12. Ibid., loc. 4631 of 20387.
13. Ibid.
14. Claudia Furiati, ZR Rifle: The Plot to Kill Kennedy and Castro (Melbourne, Australia: Ocean Press, 1994), p. 23.
15. Ibid., p. 24.
16. Ibid., p. 24.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid., p. 25.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid., p. 26.
21. E. Howard Hunt, Give Us This Day (New York: Arlington House, 1973), p. 173.
22. Hinckle and Turner, Deadly Secrets, p. 81.
23. Fabian Escalante, interview with the author, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, August 1991.
24. Summers, Arrogance of Power, Kindle ed., loc. 4504 of 20387.
25. Hugh Thomas, Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom (New York: Da Capo Press, 1998), p. 1296.
26. “The Tragedy of Mario Kohly,” Washington Observer Newsletter, no. 26, October 1, 1966.
27. Ibid.
28. Letter from Richard Nixon to Judge Edward Weinfeld, dated March 9, 1965, on letterhead of Nixon, Mudge, Rose, Guthrie & Alexander law firm; a photocopy of this letter is in the author's possession.
29. Hinckle and Turner, Deadly Secrets, p. 114.
30. Ibid.
31. Luis Balbuena, interview by Gordon Hone, Senate Subcommittee on Administrative Practice and Procedure, Miami, Florida, April 24, 1968.
32. Ibid.
33. Hinckle and Turner, Deadly Secrets, p. 115.
34. Ibid.
35. Georgie Anne Geyer, Guerrilla Prince: The Untold Story of Fidel Castro, Kindle ed. (Garrett County Press Digital Edition, 2011), loc. 5482 of 9310.
36. David Wise and Thomas B. Ross, The Espionage Establishment (New York: Random House, 1970), p. 91.
37. Hemming, interview.
38. Caretaker of McLaney residence, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, June 1974.
CHAPTER 14: DECISIONS, DECISIONS: INVASION NO. 2
1. Enrique “Harry” Ruiz-Williams, interview with the author, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, November 1973.
2. William W. Turner, Rearview Mirror: Looking Back at the FBI, the CIA and Other Tails (Granite Bay, CA: Penmarin Books, 2001), p. 210.
3. Warren Hinckle and William W. Turner, Deadly Secrets (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1992), p. 165.
4. Arturo Rodriguez, interview with the author, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, September 1991.
5. Ibid.
6. Ruiz-Williams, interview.
7. Ibid.
8. Turner, Rearview Mirror, p. 212.
9. Ibid.
10. Hinckle and Turner, Deadly Secrets, p. 286.
11. William Pawley, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, November 1963.
12. Hinckle and Turner, Deadly Secrets, p. 147.
13. Ibid., p. 148.
14. Ibid., p. 146.
15. New York Times, August 27 and 30, 1962.
16. Frank Sturgis, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, April 1974.
17. Ibid.
18. Hinckle and Turner, Deadly Secrets, p. 225.
19. “Explosives Cache Property Lent to Cuban, Owner's Wife Says,” Times-Picayune, New Orleans, August 1, 1963.
20. Mike McLaney, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, December 1974.
21. Ibid.
22. City of Miami Inter Office Memo, Det. Sgt. C. H. Sapp, Intelligence Unit., September 6, 1963.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
CHAPTER 15: THE FLYING TIGER AND THE PHONY RESCUE
1. David E. Kaiser, The Road to Dallas, Kindle ed. (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2008), loc. 2117 of 6644.
2. Gerry Patrick Hemming, interview with the author, Miami, November 1973.
3. William Pawley, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, November 1963.
4. Kaiser, Road to Dallas, Kindle ed., loc. 2085 of 6644.
5. Lamar Waldron, Watergate: The Hidden History, Nixon, the Mafia and the CIA (New York: Counterpoint, 2012), p. 218.
6. Kaiser, Road to Dallas, Kindle ed., loc. 2095 of 6644.
7. Waldron, Watergate, p. 217.
8. Kaiser, Road to Dallas, Kindle ed., loc. 2091 of 6644.
9. Waldron, Watergate, p. 218.
10. Kaiser, Road to Dallas, Kindle ed., loc. 2099 of 6644.
11. Waldron, Watergate, p. 219.
12. Pawley, interview
13. Waldron, Watergate, p. 219.
14. Loran “Skip” Hall, interview with the author, Los Angeles, California, June 1968.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Pawley, interview.
18. Rolando Salup, interview with the author, Havana, Cuba, 1987.
CHAPTER 16: THE NAVY THAT NOBODY KNEW
1. Pepe, a crewman on Rex (a CIA raider ship), interview with the author, October 1973. Unless otherwise indicated, this interview is the source for all the information in this chapter. The Rex was registered to a company and intended for geological research. In fact, it was used for infiltrations and aggressions, according to Gerry Patrick Hemming, in an interview with the author, Miami, November 1973.
2. Hemming, interview.
3. Warren Hinckle and William W. Turner, Deadly Secrets (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1992), p. 153.
4. Hemming, interview.
5. Hinckle and Turner, Deadly Secrets, p. 158.
6. Ibid., p. 161.
7. Ibid., p. 175.
CHAPTER 17: THE CIA'S UNRULY STEPCHILD
1. David Kaiser, The Road to Dallas, Kindle ed. (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2008), loc. 22 of 6644.
2. Lamar Waldron, Watergate: The Hidden History, Kindle ed. (Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint Press, 2012), loc. 5519 of 21882.
3. Shane O'Sullivan, Who Killed Bobby? The Unsolved Murder of Robert F. Kennedy (New York: Union Square Press, 2008), p. 436.
4. Frank Sturgis, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, April 1974.
5. “CIA Inspector General's Report on Plots to Assassinate Castro,” p. 88, http://dagmar.lunarpages.com/~parasc2/mx/articles/castroreport.htm (accessed October 15, 2012).
6. Ibid., p. 93.
7. William W. Turner, “The Garrison Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy,” Ramparts, January 1968.
8. Ibid.
9. Warren Hinckle and William W. Turner, Deadly Secrets (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1992), p. 263.
10. Ibid., p. 264.
11. “Orlando Bosch Avila and MIRR,” doc. 0059, Cuban Information Archives, cuban-exile.com/doc_051-075/doc0059.html (accessed February 25, 2013).
12. Kaiser, Road to Dallas, Kindle ed., loc. 1966 of 6644.
13. Hinckle and Turner, Deadly Secrets, p. 175.
14. Ibid., p. 176.
15. Gerry Patrick Hemming, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, April 1974.
16. Ibid.
17. Peter Dale Scott, Deep Politics and the Death of JFK, Kindle ed. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), loc. 3394 of 5628.
18. Kaiser, Road to Dallas, Kindle ed., loc. 2824 of 6644.
19. “Warren Commission Report,” National Archives, p. 413, www.archives.gov/research/jfk/warren-commission-report/chapter-7.html#cuba (accessed February 25, 2013).
20. Kaiser, Road to Dallas, Kindle ed., loc. 22 of 6644.
21. Loran “Skip” Hall, interview with the author, Los Angeles, California, June 1968.
22. Turner, “Garrison Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy.”
23. Hinckle and Turner, Deadly Secrets, p. 255.
24. Ibid., pp. 271–72.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. William Attwood, The Reds and the Blacks (New York: Harper & Row, 1967), pp. 143–44.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
CHAPTER 18: NIXON'S VENDETTA
1. Lamar Waldron, Watergate: The Hidden History, Kindle ed. (Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint Press, 2012), loc. 3583 of 21882.
2. Warren Hinckle and William W. Turner, Deadly Secrets (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1992), pp. 346–51. Unless indicated otherwise, information for this chapter comes from this source.
3. Jack Anderson, “Merry-Go-Round,” San Francisco Chronicle, January 20, 1977.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Gerry Patrick Hemming, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, November 1973.
7. Ibid.
CHAPTER 19: THE COUP THAT NOBODY KNEW
1. Lamar Waldron, telephone interview with the author, San Rafael, California, August 2012.
2. “Cuba: Almeida Is More Alive Today Than Ever!” www.greenleft.org.au/node/42451 (accessed February 25, 2013).
3. “Cuban Revolutionary Almeida Dies,” BBC, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/Americas/8252210.stm (accessed February 25, 2013).
4. Enrique “Harry” Ruiz-Williams, interview with the author, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, November 1973.
5. Lamar Waldron, Watergate: The Hidden History, Kindle ed. (Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint Press, 2012), loc. 4643 of 21882.
6. Ibid., loc. 4661 of 21882.
7. Ibid., loc. 4671 of 21882.
8. Ibid., loc. 4680 of 21882.
9. Ibid., loc. 5606 of 21882.
10. Waldron, interview.
11. Waldron, Watergate, Kindle ed., loc. 4841 of 21882.
12. Ruiz-Williams, interview.
13. Waldron, Watergate, Kindle ed., loc. 4842 of 21882.
14. Ibid., loc. 5376 of 21882.
15. Ibid., loc. 355 of 21882.
16. Ibid., loc. 4955 of 21882.
17. Ibid., loc. 5207 of 21882.
18. “Almeida Lives Today More Than Ever: Reflections of Fidel,” Monthly Review, monthlyreview.org/castro/2009/09/13/almeida-lives-today-more-than-ever.htm (accessed February 25, 2013).
19. Waldron, interview.
EPILOGUE
1. Gerry Patrick Hemming, interview with the author, Miami, Florida, November 1973.
2. David Wise and Thomas B. Ross, The Espionage Establishment (New York: Random House, 1970), p. 91.
3. T. J. English, Havana Nocturne: How the Mob Owned Cuba, and Then Lost It to the Revolution, Kindle ed. (HarperCollins eBooks), loc. 5162 of 7796.
4. William W. Turner, “The Garrison Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy,” Ramparts, January 1968.
5. Warren Hinckle and William W. Turner, Deadly Secrets (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1992), p. 46.