1. water-lily.

2. chimneys.

3. weight.

4. Mount Paladore is the British name for Shaftesbury, deriving from the Welsh ‘paladr’, which denotes the shaft of a spear.

5. exert themselves.

1. Vaughan Williams’s setting of ‘Linden Lea’ (‘My orcha’d in Linden Lea’ in the original) appeared in the first issue of The Vocalist (1902), a monthly periodical that contributed significantly to the renaissance of English song, and earned him more money than any other of his works. The song was arranged by the composer in 1942–3 for oboe, clarinet and bassoon with the title ‘Fantasia on Linden Lea’.

2. the stump of a tree.

1. The refrain is a fine example of the cynghanedd, a technique used in Welsh verse, and in many poems by Gerard Manley Hopkins, where there is a repetition of consonantal sounds in the two parts of a line, divided by a caesura. In Barnes’s refrain the cynghanedd consonants are: DLNDNL/NLNDNL.