All dates are BCE and follow the Varronian chronology; many are traditional or approximate.
| c. 753 | Traditional date of the foundation of Rome. |
| 753–716 | King Romulus. |
| 716–653 | King Numa. |
| 653–641 | King Tullus Hostilius. |
| 641–617 | King Ancus Marcius. |
| 617–578 | King Tarquinius Priscus. |
| 578–535 | King Servius Tullius. |
| 535–510 | King Tarquinius Superbus. |
| c. 509 | Expulsion of the kings; beginning of the republic with institution of two annual magistrates (consuls); dedication of temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. |
| 508–507 | King Lars Porsenna, king of Clusium, attacks and besieges Rome. |
| 504 | Migration of Claudian family to Rome. |
| 501 | Appointment of first dictator. |
| 499 | Battle of Lake Regillus between Rome and Latin League. |
| 495 | Consulship of Appius Claudius; problem of debtors. |
| 494 | First Secession of the Plebs; institution of the tribunate of the plebs. |
| 493 | Treaty of Spurius Cassius with the Latins. |
| 491 | Coriolanus defects to the Volsci. |
| 488 | Coriolanus marches against Rome but withdraws. |
| 486 | Treaty of Rome with the Hernici; intermittent warfare with Volsci and Aequi over the next fifty years; Spurius Cassius proposes an agrarian bill. |
| 485 | Spurius Cassius is indicted, condemned, and executed. |
| 482–474 | War with Etruscan city of Veii. |
| 477 | Defeat of the Fabii near the river Cremera. |
| 471 | Publilian law transfers election of tribunes to the Tribal Assembly; their number is increased to five. Consulship of Appius Claudius, son of the consul of 495. |
| 470 | Appius Claudius is indicted and is reported to have died before his trial. |
| 468 | The Romans capture Antium. |
| 462 | Plebeian tribune Terentilius’ bill to limit the power of the consuls by having written laws is shelved. |
| 461 | Livy’s first mention of the Sibylline books. |
| 460 | Capitol is seized by exiles and slaves led by the Sabine Appius Herdonius. The consul Valerius is killed in the recovery of the Capitol. |
| 458 | Cincinnatus, as dictator, defeats the Aequi on Mount Algidus. |
| 457 | Ten tribunes of the plebs are elected. |
| 456 | Aventine hill is opened for settlement. |
| 454 | Terentilius’ bill is abandoned; envoys sent to consult the laws of Solon. |
| 451 | Appointment of the First Decemvirate. Ten laws are written and passed. |
| 450 | The Second Decemvirate. Publication of Laws of the Twelve Tables. |
| 449 | The decemvirs continue in power; secession of the plebs; Valerio-Horatian laws are passed, restoring the power of the tribunate. |
| 445 | Canuleian law removes ban on marriage between patricians and plebeians. Three military tribunes with consular power elected in place of two consuls. |
| 444 | Rome’s treaty with Ardea renewed. |
| 443 | Censorship established. |
| 440/439 | Spurius Maelius institutes a grain dole and is killed while resisting arrest. |
| 437 | Aulus Cornelius Cossus kills the king of Veii and wins the spolia opima. |
| 431 | The Romans defeat the Aequi and Volsci near Mount Algidus. |
| 426 | Rome captures Fidenae. |
| 421 | Number of quaestorships increased to four; office opened to plebeians. |
| 409 | Three plebeians elected as quaestor. |
| 406 | Capture of Volscian Anxur (Tarracina). |
| 399 | First celebration of lectisternium. |
| 396 | Capture of Veii. |
| 391 | Gauls defeat Romans at battle of the Allia. |
| 390 | Gauls sack Rome and then withdraw. |