CHAPTER 1: FOCUSING ON YOUR WEAKNESSES MAKES YOU WEAKER
1. Shai Danziger, Jonathan Levav, and Liora Avnaim-Pesso, “Extraneous Factors in Judicial Decisions,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 18, no. 17 (April 26, 2011): 6889–92; http://www.pnas.org/content/108/17/6889.full.pdf.
CHAPTER 2: GET INTO THE HABIT OF GETTING SMARTER
1. Peter Schulman, “Applying Learned Optimism to Increase Sales Productivity,” Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management 19, no. 1 (1999): 31–37; http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08853134.1999.10754157.
2. Susanne M. Jaeggi, Martin Buschkuehl, John Jonides, and Walter J. Perrig, “Improving Fluid Intelligence with Training on Working Memory,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105, no. 19 (May 13, 2008): 6829–33; http://www.pnas.org/content/105/19/6829.abstract.
CHAPTER 3: GET OUTSIDE YOUR HEAD SO YOU CAN SEE INSIDE IT
1. https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/542554-taking-lsd-was-a-profound-experience-one-of-the-most; http://healthland.time.com/2011/10/06/jobs-had-lsd-we-have-the-iphone/
2. Enzo Tagliazucchi, Leor Roseman, Mendel Kaelen, et al., “Increased Global Functional Connectivity Correlates with LSD-Induced Ego Dissolution,” Current Biology 26, no. 8 (April 25, 2018): 1043–50; https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(16)30062-8.
3. Daniel Wacker, Sheng Wang, John D. McCoy, et al., “Crystal Structure of an LSD-Bound Human Serotonin Receptor,” Cell 168, no. 3 (January 26, 2017): 377–89; https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(16)31749-4.
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6. David A. Martin, Danuta Marona-Lewicka, David E. Nichols, and Charles D. Nichols, “Chronic LSD Alters Gene Expression Profiles in the mPFC Relevant to Schizophrenia,” Neuropharmacology 83 (August 2014): 1–8; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028390814001087?via%3Dihub.
7. Peter Gasser, Katharina Kirchner, and Torsten Passle, “LSD-Assisted Psychotherapy for Anxiety Associated with a Life-Threatening Disease: A Qualitative Study of Acute and Sustained Subjective Effects,” Journal of Psychopharmacology 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 57–68; http://www.maps.org/research-archive/lsd/Gasser2014-JOP-LSD-assisted-psychotherapy-followup.pdf. Peter Gasser, Dominique Holstein, Yvonne Michel, et al., “Safety and Efficacy of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide-Assisted Psychotherapy for Anxiety Associated with Life-Threatening Diseases,” The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 202, no. 7 (July 2014): 513–520; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4086777/.
8. Teri S. Krebs and Pål-Ørjan Johansen, “Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) for Alcoholism: Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials,” Journal of Psychopharmacology 26, no. 7 (July 1, 2012): 994–1002; http://jop.sagepub.com/content/26/7/994.
9. R. Andrew Sewell, John H. Halpern, and Harrison G. Pope Jr., “Response of Cluster Headache to Psilocybin and LSD,” Neurology 77 (June 2006): 1920–22; http://www.maps.org/research-archive/w3pb/2006/2006_Sewell_22779_1.pdf.
10. Tania Reyes-Izquierdo, Ruby Argumedo, Cynthia Shu, et al., “Stimulatory Effect of Whole Coffee Fruit Concentrate Powder on Plasma Levels of Total and Exosomal Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Healthy Subjects: An Acute Within-Subject Clinical Study,” Food and Nutrition Sciences 4, no. 9 (September 2013): 984–90; https://www.scirp.org/journal/Paper Information.aspx?PaperID=36447.
11. M. P. Gimpl, I. Gormezano, and J. A. Harvey, “Effects of LSD on Learning as Measured by Classical Conditioning of the Rabbit Nictating Membrane Response,” The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 208, no. 2 (February 1979): 330–34; http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/208/2/330.long.
12. Robert C. Spencer, David M. Devilbiss, and Craig W. Berridge, “The Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex,” Biological Psychiatry 77, no. 11 (June 15, 2015): 940–50; https://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/S0006-3223(14)00712-4/fulltext.
13. Kenta Kimura, Makoto Ozeki, Lekh Raj Juneja, and Hideki Ohira, “L-Theanine Reduces Psychological and Physiological Stress Responses,” Biological Psychology 74, no. 1 (January 2007): 39–45; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301051106001451?via%3Dihub.
14. Scott H. Kollins, “A Qualitative Review of Issues Arising in the Use of Psychostimulant Medications in Patients with ADHD and Comorbid Substance Use Disorders,” Current Medical Research and Opinion 24 (April 1, 2008): 1345–57; https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1185/030079908X280707.
15. Irena P. Ilieva, Cayce J. Hook, and Martha J. Farah, “Prescription Stimulants’ Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control, Working Memory, and Episodic Memory: A Meta-analysis,” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 27, no. 6 (June 2015): 1069–89; https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/jocn_a_00776?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3Dpubmed.
16. Anna C. Nobre, Anling Rao, and Gail N. Owen, “L-Theanine, a Natural Constituent in Tea, and Its Effect on Mental State,” Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 17 suppl. 1 (2008): 167–68; http://apjcn.nhri.org.tw/server/APJCN/17%20Suppl%201//167.pdf.
17. “Review of ‘Smart Drug’ Shows Modafinil Does Enhance Cognition,” University of Oxford, August 20, 2015; http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2015-08-20-review-%E2%80%98smart-drug%E2%80%99-shows-modafinil-does-enhance-cognition.
18. Jared W. Young, “Dopamine D1 and D2 Receptor Family Contributions to Modafinil-Induced Wakefulness,” The Journal of Neuroscience 29, no. 9 (March 4, 2009): 2663–65, http://www.jneurosci.org/content/29/9/2663.
19. Oliver Tucha and Klaus W. Lange, “Effects of Nicotine Chewing Gum on a Real-Life Motor Task: A Kinematic Analysis of Handwriting Movements in Smokers and Non-smokers,” Psychopharmacology 173, nos. 1–2 (April 2004): 49–56; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00213-003-1690-9. R. J. West and M. J. Jarvis, “Effects of Nicotine on Finger Tapping Rate in Non-smokers,” Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 25, no. 4 (October 1986): 727–31; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0091305786903771?via%3Dihub.
20. Sarah Phillips and Pauline Fox, “An Investigation into the Effects of Nicotine Gum on Short-Term Memory,” Psychopharmacology 140, no. 4 (December 1998): 429–33; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs002130050786. F. Joseph McClernon, David G. Gilbert, and Robert Radtke, “Effects of Transdermal Nicotine on Lateralized Identification and Memory Interference,” Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 18, no. 5 (July 2003): 339–43; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hup.488. D. V. Poltavski and T. Petros, “Effects of Transdermal Nicotine on Prose Memory and Attention in Smokers and Nonsmokers,” Physiology & Behavior 83, no. 5 (January 17, 2005): 833–43; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031938404004548.
21. Johathan Foulds, John Stapleton, John Swettenham, et al., “Cognitive Performance Effects of Subcutaneous Nicotine in Smokers and Never-Smokers,” Psychopharmacology 127 (1996): 31–38; https://www.gwern.net/docs/nicotine/1996-foulds.pdf.
22. William K. K. Wu and Chi Hin Cho, “The Pharmacological Actions of Nicotine on the Gastrointestinal Tract,” Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 94 (2004): 348–58; https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jphs/94/4/94_4_348/_pdf. Rebecca Davis, Wasia Rizwani, Sarmistha Banerjee, et al., “Nicotine Promotes Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer,” PLOS One 4, no. 10 (October 2009); https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2759510/pdf/pone.0007524.pdf; Helen Pui Shan Wong, Le Yu, Emily Kai Yee Lam, et al., “Nicotine Promotes Colon Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis through -Adrenergic Activation,” Toxological Sciences 97, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 279–87; http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/97/2/279.html.
23. Katherine S. Pollard, Sofie R. Salama, Nelle Lambert, et al., “An RNA Gene Expressed During Cortical Development Evolved Rapidly in Humans,” Nature 443, no. 7108 (September 14, 2006): 167–72; https://www.nature.com/articles/nature05113.
24. According to Teresa Valero, “Mitochondrial Biogenesis: Pharmacological Approaches,” Current Pharmaceutical Design 20, no. 35 (2009): 5507–09; http://www.eurekaselect.com/124512/article, “Mitochondrial biogenesis is therefore defined as the process via which cells increase their individual mitochondrial mass. . . . This work reviews different strategies to enhance mitochondrial bioenergetics in order to ameliorate the neurodegenerative process, with an emphasis on clinical trials reports that indicate their potential. Among them creatine, Coenzyme Q10 and mitochondrial targeted antioxidants/peptides are reported to have the most remarkable effects in clinical trials.” According to Fabian Sanchis-Gomar, Jose Luis García-Giménez, Mari Carmen Gómez-Cabrera, and Federico V. Pallardó, “Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Health and Disease. Molecular and Therapeutic Approaches,” Current Pharmaceutical Design 20, no. 35 (2009): 5619–33; http://www.eurekaselect.com/120757/article: “Mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) is the essential mechanism by which cells control the number of mitochondria.” See also Gerald W. Dorn, Rick B. Vega, and Daniel P. Kelly, “Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Dynamics in the Developing and Diseased Heart,” Genes & Development 29 (2015): 1981–91; http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/29/19/1981.long.
25. Florian Koppelstaetter, Christian Michael Siedentopf, Thorsten Poeppel, et al., “Influence of Caffeine Excess on Activation Patterns in Verbal Working Memory,” scientific poster, RSNA Annual Meeting 2005, Chicago, Illinois, December 1, 2005; http://archive.rsna.org/2005/4418422.html.
26. Flávia de L. Osório, Rafael F. Sanches, Ligia R. Macedo, et al., “Antidepressant Effects of a Single Dose of Ayahuasca in Patients with Recurrent Depression: A Preliminary Report,” Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 37, no. 1 (January–March 2015): 13–20; http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462015000100013&lng=en&nrm=iso.
27. Gerald Thomas, Philippe Lucas, N. Rielle Capler, et al., “Ayahuasca-Assisted Therapy for Addiction: Results from a Preliminary Observational Study in Canada,” Current Drug Abuse Reviews 6, no. 1 (March 2013): 30–42; http://www.maps.org/research-archive/ayahuasca/Thomas_et_al_CDAR.pdf.
28. James C. Callaway, Mauno M. Airaksinen, Dennis J. McKenna, et al., “Platelet Serotoin Uptake Sites Increased in Drinkers of Ayahuasca,” Psychopharmacology 116, no. 3 (November 1994): 385–87; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02245347.
29. Ibid.
CHAPTER 4: DISRUPT FEAR
1. M. C. Brower and B. H. Price, “Neuropsychiatry of Frontal Lobe Dysfunction in Violent and Criminal Behaviour: A Critical Review,” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, & Psychiatry 71, no. 6 (2001): 720–26; http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/jnnp/71/6/720.full.pdf.
CHAPTER 5: EVEN BATMAN HAS A BAT CAVE
1. Aaron Lerner, Patricia Jeremias, and Torsten Matthias, “The World Incidence and Prevalence of Autoimmune Diseases Is Increasing,” International Journal of Celiac Disease 3, no. 5 (2015): 151–55; http://pubs.sciepub.com/ijcd/3/4/8/.
CHAPTER 6: SEX IS AN ALTERED STATE
1. Ed Yong, “Shedding Light on Sex and Violence in the Brain,” Discover, February 9, 2011; http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2011/02/09/shedding-light-on-sex-and-violence-in-the-brain/#.WgSzGYZrw6g.
2. Eliana Dockterman, “World Cup: The Crazy Rules Some Teams Have About Pre-game Sex,” Time, June 18, 2014; http://time.com/2894263/world-cup-sex-soccer/.
3. Madeline Vann, “1 in 4 Men over 30 Has Low Testosterone,” ABC News, September 13, 2007; http://abcnews.go.com/Health/Healthday/story?id=4508669&page=1.
4. Tillmann H. C. Krüger, Uwe Hartmann, and Manfred Schedlowski, “Prolactinergic and Dopaminergic Mechanisms Underlying Sexual Arousal and Orgasm in Humans,” World Journal of Urology 23, no. 2 (July 2005): 130–38; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00345-004-0496-7.
5. Michael S. Exton, Tillman H. C. Krüger, Norbert Bursch, et al., “Endocrine Response to Masturbation-Induced Orgasm in Healthy Men Following a 3-Week Sexual Abstinence,” World Journal of Urology 19, no. 5 (November 2001): 377–82; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s003450100222.
6. James M. Dabbs Jr. and Suzanne Mohammed, “Male and Female Salivary Testosterone Concentrations Before and After Sexual Activity,” Physiology & Behavior 52, no. 1 (July 1992): 195–97; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0031938492904539.
7. Umit Sayin, “Altered States of Consciousness Occurring During Expanded Sexual Response in the Human Female: Preliminary Definitions,” NeuroQuantology 9, no. 4 (December 2011); https://www.neuroquantology.com/index.php/journal/article/view/486.
8. Sari M. Van Anders, Lori Brotto, Janine Farrell, and Morag Yule, “Associations Among Physiological and Subjective Sexual Response, Sexual Desire, and Salivary Steroid Hormones in Healthy Premenopausal Women,” The Journal of Sexual Medicine 6, no. 3 (March 2009): 739–51; https://www.jsm.jsexmed.org/article/S1743-6095(15)32435-8/fulltext.
9. Navneet Magon and Sanjay Kalra, “The Orgasmic History of Oxytocin: Love, Lust, and Labor,” Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 15 suppl. 3 (September 2011): S156–61; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183515/.
10. Margaret M. McCarthy, “Estrogen Modulation of Oxytocin and Its Relation to Behavior,” Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 395 (1995): 235–45; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/14488327_Estrogen_modulation_of_oxytocin_and_its_relation_to_behavior.
11. Cindy M. Meston and Penny F. Frolich, “Update on Female Sexual Function,” Current Opinion in Urology 11, no. 6 (November 2001): 603–09; https://journals.lww.com/co-urology/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2001 &issue=11000&article=00008&type=abstract.
12. Case Western Reserve University, “Empathy Represses Analytic Thought, and Vice Versa: Brain Physiology Limits Simultaneous Use of Both Networks,” ScienceDaily, October 30, 2012, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121030161416.htm.
13. Daniel L. Hilton, Jr., “Pornography Addiction—A Supranormal Stimulus Considered in the Context of Neuroplasticity,” Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology 3 (July 19, 2013); https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3960020/.
14. Aline Wéry and J. Billieux, “Online Sexual Activities: An Exploratory Study of Problematic and Non-problematic Usage Patterns in a Sample of Men,” Computers in Human Behavior 56 (March 2016): 257–66; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563215302612.
15. Simone Kühn and Jürgen Gallinat, “Brain Structure and Functional Connectivity Associated with Pornography Consumption: The Brain on Porn,” JAMA Psychiatry 71, no. 7 (2014): 827–34; https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/1874574.
16. Valerie Voon, Thomas B. Mole, Paula Banca, et al., “Neural Correlates of Sexual Cue Reactivity in Individuals with and Without Compulsive Sexual Behaviours,” PLOS One, July 11, 2014; http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0102419.
17. Norman Doidge, “Brain Scans of Porn Addicts: What’s Wrong with This Picture?,” The Guardian, September 26, 2013; https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/sep/26/brain-scans-porn-addicts-sexual-tastes.
CHAPTER 7: FIND YOUR NIGHTTIME SPIRIT ANIMAL
1. Scott LaFee, “Woman’s Study Finds Longevity Means Getting Just Enough Sleep,” UC San Diego, September 30, 2010; http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/archive/newsrel/health/09-30sleep.asp.
2. R. J. Reiter, “The Melatonin Rhythm: Both a Clock and a Calendar,” Experientia 49, no. 8 (August 1993): 654–64; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01923947.
3. Toru Takumi, Kouji Taguchi, Shigeru Miyake, et al., “A Light-Independent Oscillatory Gene mPer3 in Mouse SCN and OVLT,” The EMBO Journal 17, no. 16 (August 17, 1998): 4753–59; http://emboj.embopress.org/content/17/16/4753.long.
4. Ariel Van Brummelen, “How Blind People Detect Light,” Scientific American, May 1, 2014; https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-blind-people-detect-light/.
5. Micha T. Maeder, Otto D. Schoch, and Hans Rickli, “A Clinical Approach to Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease,” Vascular Health and Risk Management 12 (2016): 85–103; https://www.dovepress.com/a-clinical-approach-to-obstructive-sleep-apnea-as-a-risk-factor-for-ca-peer-reviewed-article-VHRM.
6. Michael Tetley, “Instinctive Sleeping and Resting Postures: An Anthropological and Zoological Approach to Treatment of Low Back and Joint Pain,” The British Medical Journal 321, no. 7276 (December 23, 2000): 1616–18; https://www.bmj.com/content/321/7276/1616.long.
7. Sydney Ross Singer, “Rest in Peace: How the Way You Sleep Can Be Killing You,” Academia.edu, February 1, 2015; http://www.academia.edu/10739979/Rest_in_Peace_How_the_way_you_sleep_can_be_killing_you.
CHAPTER 8: THROW A ROCK AT THE RABBIT, DON’T CHASE IT
1. Liana S. Rosenthal and E. Ray Dorsey, “The Benefits of Exercise in Parkinson Disease,” JAMA Neurology 70, no. 2 (February 2013): 156–57; https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/article-abstract/1389387.
2. Hayriye Çakir-Atabek, Süleyman Demir, Raziye D. Pinarbaşili, and Nihat Gündüz, “Effects of Different Resistance Training Intensity on Indices of Oxidative Stress,” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 24, no. 9 (September 2010): 2491–98; https://insights.ovid.com/pubmed?pmid=20802287.
3. Ebrahim A. Shojaei, Adalat Farajov, and Afshar Jafari, “Effect of Moderate Aerobic Cycling on Some Systemic Inflammatory Markers in Healthy Active Collegiate Men,” International Journal of General Medicine 4 (January 24, 2011): 79–84; https://www.dovepress.com/effect-of-moderate-aerobic-cycling-on-some-systemic-inflammatory-marke-peer-reviewed-article-IJGM.
4. Bharat B. Aggarwal, Shishir Shishodia, Santosh K. Sandur, et al., “Inflammation and Cancer: How Hot Is the Link?,” Biochemical Pharmacology 72, no. 11 (November 30, 2006): 1605–21; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006295206003893. Dario Giugliano, Antonio Ceriello, and Katherine Esposito, “The Effects of Diet on Inflammation: Emphasis on the Metabolic Syndrome,” Journal of the American College of Cardiology 48, no. 4 (August 15, 2006): 677–85; https://www.science direct.com/science/article/pii/S0735109706013350?via%3Dihub.
5. Farnaz Seifi-skishahr, Arsalan Damirchi, Manoochehr Farjaminezhad, and Parvin Babaei, “Physical Training Status Determines Oxidative Stress and Redox Changes in Response to an Acute Aerobic Exercise,” Biochemistry Research International 2016, 9 pages; https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bri/2016/3757623/.
6. Lanay M. Mudd, Willa Fornetti, and James M. Pivarnik, “Bone Mineral Density in Collegiate Female Athletes: Comparisons Among Sports,” Journal of Athletic Training 42, no. 3 (July–September 2007): 403–08; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1978462/.
7. “Preserve Your Muscle Mass,” Harvard Men’s Health Watch, February 2016; https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/preserve-your-muscle-mass.
CHAPTER 9: YOU GET OUT WHAT YOU PUT IN
1. Begoña Cerdá, Margarita Pérez, Jennifer D. Pérez-Santiago, et al., “Gut Microbiota Modification: Another Piece in the Puzzle of the Benefits of Physical Exercise in Health?,” Frontiers in Physiology 7 (February 18, 2016): 51. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2016.00051/full.
2. Mehrbod Estaki, Jason Pither, Peter Baumeister, et al., “Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Predictor of Intestinal Microbial Diversity and Distinct Metagenomic Functions,” Microbiome 4 (2016): 42; https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-016-0189-7.
3. Tian-Xing Liu, Hai-Tao Niu, and Shu-Yang Zhang, “Intestinal Microbiota Metabolism and Atherosclerosis,” Chinese Medical Journal 128, no. 20 (2015): 2805–11; http://www.cmj.org/article.asp?issn=0366-6999;year=2015;vol ume=128;issue=20;spage=2805;epage=2811;aulast=Liu.
CHAPTER 10: THE FUTURE OF HACKING YOURSELF IS NOW
1. “Temperature Rhythms Keep Body Clocks in Sync,” ScienceDaily, October 15, 2010; https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101014144314.htm.
CHAPTER 11: BEING RICH WON’T MAKE YOU HAPPY, BUT BEING HAPPY MIGHT MAKE YOU RICH
1. Daniel Kahneman and Angus Deaton, “High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well-being,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107, no. 38 (September 21, 2010): 16489–93; http://www.pnas.org/content/107/38/16489.
2. Shawn Achor, “Positive Intelligence,” Harvard Business Review, January–February 2012; https://hbr.org/2012/01/positive-intelligence. Sonja Lyubomirsky, Laura King, and Ed Diener, “The Benefits of Frequent Positive Affect: Does Happiness Lead to Success?,” Psychological Bulletin 131, no. 6 (November 2005): 803–55; https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/bul-1316803.pdf.
3. Michael Como, “Do Happier People Make More Money? An Empirical Study of the Effect of a Person’s Happiness on Their Income,” The Park Place Economist 19, no. 1 (2011); https://www.iwu.edu/economics/PPE19/1Como.pdf.
CHAPTER 12: YOUR COMMUNITY IS YOUR ENVIRONMENT
1. “Genes Play a Role in Empathy,” ScienceDaily, March 12, 2018; https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/03/180312085124.htm.
2. Mackenzie Hepker, “Effect of Oxytocin Administration on Mirror Neuron Activation,” Sound Ideas, University of Puget Sound, Summer 2013; https://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1267&context=summer_research.
3. Kathy Caprino, “Is Empathy Dead? How Your Lack of Empathy Damages Your Reputation and Impact as a Leader,” Forbes, June 8, 2016; https://www.forbes.com/sites/kathycaprino/2016/06/08/is-empathy-dead-how-your-lack-of-empathy-damages-your-reputation-and-impact-as-a-leader/#429c3d353167.
4. James H. Fowler and Nicholas A. Christakis, “Dynamic Spread of Happiness in a Large Social Network: Longitudinal Analysis over 20 Years in the Framingham Heart Study,” The British Medical Journal 337 (December 4, 2008): a2338; https://www.bmj.com/content/337/bmj.a2338.
5. Ed Diener and Martin E. P. Seligman, “Very Happy People,” Psychological Science 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 81–84; http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-9280.00415#articleCitationDownloadContainer.
6. “Are We Happy Yet?,” Pew Research Center, February 13, 2006; http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2006/02/13/are-we-happy-yet/.
CHAPTER 13: RESET YOUR PROGRAMMING
1. Michael A. Tansey, “Wechsler (WISC-R) Changes Following Treatment of Learning Disabilities via EEG Biofeedback Training in a Private Practice Setting,” Australian Journal of Psychology 43, no. 3 (December 1991): 147–53; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00049539108260139, reported improvements averaging 19.75 points on the WISC-R Full Scale IQ score for twenty-four children with “neurological or perceptual impairments or attention deficit disorder.” Using a random assignment wait list control design, Michael Linden, Thomas Habib, and Vesna Radojevic, “A Controlled Study of the Effects of EEG Biofeedback on Cognition and Behavior of Children with Attention Deficit Disorder and Learning Disabilities,” Biofeedback and Self-regulation 21, no. 1 (March 1996): 35–49; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02214148, reported that the eighteen participants who received EEG biofeedback showed a statistically significant gain of 9 points on the K-Bit IQ Composite. Joel F. Lubar, Michie Odle Swartwood, Jeffery N. Swartwood, and Phyllis H. O’Donnell, “Evaluation of the Effectiveness of EEG Neurofeedback Training for ADHD in a Clinical Setting as Measured by Changes in T.O.V.A. Scores, Behavioral Ratings, and WISC-R Performance,” Biofeedback and Self-regulation 20, no. 1 (March 1995): 83–99; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01712768, reported gains averaging 9.7 points for twenty-three children. Siegfried Othmer, Susan F. Othmer, and David A. Kaiser, “EEG Biofeedback: Training for AD/HD and Related Disruptive Behavior Disorders,” in Understanding, Diagnosing, and Treating AD/HD in Children and Adolescents, ed. James A. Incorvaia, Bonnie S. Mark-Goldstein, and Donald Tessmer (Northvale, NJ: Aronson, 1999), 235–96, reported an average gain of 23.5 points with a sample of fifteen children. L. Thompson and M. Thompson, “Neurofeedback Combined with Training in Metacognitive Strategies: Effectiveness in Students with ADD,” Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback 23, no. 4 (December 1998): 243–63; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1022213731956, reported ninety-eight children gaining an average of 12 points. Thomas Fuchs, Niels Birbaumer, Werner Lutzenberger, et al., “Neurofeedback Treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: A Comparison with Methylphenidate,” Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback 28, no. 1 (March 2003): 1–12; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1022353731579, reported an improvement of only 4 points in a study of twenty-two children. See also Joel F. Lubar, “Neurofeedback for the Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders,” in Biofeedback: A Practitioner’s Guide, 2nd ed., ed. Mark S. Schwartz (New York: Guilford, 1995), 493–522. Vincent J. Monastra, Donna M. Monastra, and Susan George, “The Effects of Stimulant Therapy, EEG Biofeedback, and Parenting Style on the Primary Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder,” Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback 27, no. 4 (December 2002): 231–49; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1021018700609. John K. Nash, “Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with Neurotherapy,” Clinical Electroencephalography 31, no. 1 (January 2000): 30–37; http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/155005940003100109. Siegfried Othmer, Susan F. Othmer, and Clifford S. Marks, “EEG Biofeedback Training for Attention Deficit Disorder, Specific Learning Disabilities, and Associated Conduct Problems,” January 1992; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252060569_EEG_Biofeedback_Training_for_Attention_Deficit_Disorder_Specific_Learning_Disabilities_and_Associated_Conduct_Problems.
CHAPTER 14: GET DIRTY IN THE SUN
1. Laken C. Woods, Gregory W. Berbusse, and Kari Naylor, “Microtubules Are Essential for Mitochondrial Dynamics—Fission, Fusion, and Motility—in Dictyostelium discoideum,” Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 4 (2016): 19; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4801864/.
2. Hidemasa Torii, Toshihide Kurihara, Yuko Seko, et al., “Violet Light Exposure Can Be a Preventive Strategy Against Myopia Progression,” EBioMedicine 15 (2017): 210–19; https://www.ebiomedicine.com/article/S2352-3964(16)30586-2/fulltext.
3. S. C. Gominak and W. E. Stumpf, “The World Epidemic of Sleep Disorders Is Linked to Vitamin D Deficiency,” Medical Hypotheses 79, no. 2 (August 2012): 132–35; https://www.medical-hypotheses.com/article/S0306-9877(12)00150-8/fulltext.
4. Sherri Melrose, “Seasonal Affective Disorder: An Overview of Assessment and Treatment Approaches,” Depression Research and Treatment, 2015, 6 pages; https://www.hindawi.com/journals/drt/2015/178564/.
5. Raymond W. Lam, Anthony J. Levitt, Robert D. Levitan, et al., “The Can-SAD Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effectiveness of Light Therapy and Fluoxetine in Patients With Winter Seasonal Affective Disorder,” The American Journal of Psychiatry 163, no. 5 (May 2006): 805–12; https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.5.805.
6. Sokichi Sakuragi and Yoshiki Sugiyama, “Effects of Daily Walking on Subjective Symptoms, Mood and Autonomic Nervous Function,” Journal of Physiological Anthropology 25, no. 4 (2006): 281–89; https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jpa2/25/4/25_4_281/_article.
7. Ibid.
8. Marc G. Berman, Ethan Kross, Katherine M. Krpan, et al., “Interacting with Nature Improves Cognition and Affect for Individuals with Depression,” Journal of Affective Disorders 140, no. 3 (November 2012): 300–05; http://www.natureandforesttherapy.org/uploads/8/1/4/4/8144400/nature_improves_mood_and_cognition_in_depressive_patients.pdf.
CHAPTER 15: USE GRATITUDE TO REWIRE YOUR BRAIN
1. Stephen W. Porges, “The Polyvagal Theory: New Insights into Adaptive Reactions of the Autonomic Nervous System,” Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 76 suppl. 2 (2009): S86–90; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3108032/.