Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
acedia: Cassian on,
34–38; Chaucer on,
43; in
The Divine Comedy,
44–51; Evagrius on,
32–34; Hugh of Saint Victor on,
39–40; melancholia redefined as,
17,
31; modern,
180; as sin,
32; sociocultural context of,
197; symptoms and indicators of,
31; as term (etymology, definitions),
32,
38; Thomas Aquinas on,
40–42; work as antidote to,
36–38aestheticism, in
Against Nature,
101–5Against Nature (Huysman),
101–5
agency: acedia and,
33–34,
40–42,
46; Ficino on,
63; neoliberal and conservative views on,
42–43,
195–96,
220,
235; questions pertaining to,
11; sin vs. vice and,
39.
See also personal responsibility;
willpowerAntichrist (Trier; film),
68
Antirrhetikos (Evagrius),
32–34
Apollonius of Rhodes,
22–29Argonautica (Apollonius),
23–29
Aristotle: Ficino and,
54; on melancholia,
17,
18,
127; on semen,
73; on sleep,
145–46; on sullenness,
46asthenic nervous diseases,
89–90autonomy (freedom), as cause of depression,
181–83
bacterial-infection model,
200“Bartleby, the Scrivener” (Melville),
161–65Beard, George M.: economic metaphors of, for nerve force,
6,
93–94; Freud and,
107,
151; on neurasthenia,
91–95,
105–6,
117,
177; sociocultural context of,
108–9,
139,
197Benedict XVI (pope),
1–2,
45Berufspflicht (duty to one’s calling),
120–21
“Beyond the Pleasure Principle” (Freud),
116,
155–59blood: bloodletting and leeching,
12,
16,
18; Ficino on,
55,
56,
59; Galen on,
16,
18,
19,
22,
46; Mitchell on,
137–38; stress response and,
205,
217,
218.
See also vampires and vampirismbody: effect of, on mind/soul,
16–22,
246n.21; homeostasis and,
204; as machine,
87,
206,
218–19,
222; mind’s effect on (Apollonius),
22–29; mind’s effect on (Ficino),
56–57; mind’s effect on (scientific),
29–30; sleep and,
145–46 (
see also sleep); stress response of,
204–6,
218 (
see also stress).
See also brain;
energy (human);
immune system;
nervesbrain: as battery,
90; chemical imbalance in,
15,
21,
116,
172,
181 (
see also antidepressants;
medication;
serotonin); as computer,
219–23; and melancholia,
18–19,
56; mental illness as disease of,
198; neurotransmitters in,
15,
172,
221; overstimulation and overwork of,
134–35,
139–40,
144 (
see also rest: rest cure); sleep and,
145,
146.
See also “brain work”;
cognitive impairment;
mind“brain work”: burnout and,
227; exhaustion theories and,
9,
236; Freud on,
150; gender ideology and,
140–42 (
see also women); limited by Darwin,
144; melancholia and,
17,
55–57; neurasthenia and,
92–94,
104,
105,
134,
136,
203.
See also acedia;
creativity;
geniusBuddenbrooks (T. Mann),
125–27
burnout: causes of,
9,
204,
212–13 (
see also stress); defined by its opposites,
180; definitions of,
213–16; economic and social costs of,
38,
216–17; frequent diagnosis of,
4; individual experiences with,
218–23; in literature,
223–32; symptoms of,
6,
213–14,
215,
223; treatment suggestions for,
217–18; twenty-first-century discourses on,
203–4,
216,
217,
220; valorization of,
95,
218,
231Burnt-Out Case, A (Greene),
223–26
Canterbury Tales, The (Chaucer),
43
Capital (
Das Kapital; Marx),
80
Capital in the Twenty-First Century (Pikkety),
129
capitalism: age of greed and,
195–96; burnout as economic problem of,
38,
216–17; climate change and,
238,
240; disenchantment with (capitalism fatigue),
128–31; Francis I on,
241–42; in literature,
114,
125–27,
164 (
see also specific works); Mitchell on,
140; modern preoccupation with exhaustion and,
9; natural rhythms disrupted by,
117,
133–34,
147–48; nerve force, energy likened to capital,
93–94,
99,
119,
139–40; psychological costs of,
117–18,
131 (see also
Buddenbrooks;
burnout); stress and,
210–12; traditionalism vs.,
121–22,
254n.13; vampirism as metaphor for,
80; Weber on,
120–24.
See also workCarmilla (Le Fanu),
80–84
catastrophes, in
Melancholia,
69–70Celestine V (pope),
2,
45Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
187,
195childhood, desire to return to,
113–14chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): coexisting physical conditions of,
187; controversy over psychological aspects of,
189–94,
198–99,
201; Darwin and,
143; depression and,
191,
199; diagnostic criteria of,
186,
259n.9; dietary restrictions with,
61; emergence of, as diagnosis,
184–85; frequent diagnosis of,
4,
195; individual experiences with,
187–91; sociocultural developments and,
195–98; suspected causes of,
184–87,
191–94,
196–99; symptoms of,
5,
184–87,
188–89; terms for,
184,
259n.1; treatment of,
187civilization: decline of,
23–24,
103; degeneration theory and,
77–79 (
see also degeneration theory); Freud on sexual drive and,
151–54; nervous weakness and, in
Buddenbrooks,
125–27; neurasthenia as disease of,
92,
95–100,
105,
117.
See also capitalism;
sociocultural developments;
technology;
work“‘Civilized’ Sexual Morality and Modern Nervous Illness” (Freud),
151–52cognitive behavioral theory,
17,
40cognitive impairment: as acedia symptom,
31,
35–36; as burnout symptom,
221; as chronic fatigue syndrome symptom,
184,
186; clouded judgment and,
19; as depression symptom,
176–77; difficulty concentrating and,
21,
35–36,
107,
146,
176–77,
184,
186,
221; as exhaustion symptom,
21,
233; lack of sleep and,
145,
146; as melancholia symptom,
59; as neurasthenia symptom,
107coldness: of feet,
6,
91; of heart,
26,
43; in humoral theory,
16,
19; in Le Fanu,
83; melancholia and,
56,
59; Saturn associated with,
54,
55; as stressor,
205colonial oppression, Freud on,
154“Common Neurotic State, The” (Freud),
151conservation of resources (COR) theory,
214–15
darkness, and melancholia,
18–19Dead in Love, The (Gautier),
80
death: adaptation energy depletion and,
206,
207; death drive (death wish),
69,
115–16,
150,
157–65,
167–68,
178 (
see also suicide and suicidal thoughts); fear of,
13,
236; in literature,
65–66,
82; “too tired to die,”
170,
174Death in Venice (T. Mann),
226–32
decay, in
The Rings of Saturn,
64–65Degeneration (Nordau),
78,
94
depression: antidepressants and,
12,
171–75,
179–80,
183; atypical,
173; autonomy (freedom) as cause of,
181–83; behavioral symptoms of,
6,
18,
25,
175,
176–77,
181–83; biomedical research on,
15,
22,
244n.1; bipolar disorder and,
28–29; burnout and,
216; as chemical imbalance in brain,
15,
21,
172,
181 (
see also antidepressants); chronic fatigue syndrome and,
191,
199; debate over causes of, treatments for,
181–82; diet and exercise and,
20; economic and social costs of,
38; exhaustion as symptom of,
3,
5,
6,
175–77; frequent diagnosis of,
3–4,
108,
172; genetic predisposition to,
19; individual experiences with,
169–70,
173–75,
177–80 (
see also specific individuals); mental/emotional symptoms of,
6,
159,
176–77,
180,
181–83; modern epidemic of,
9; negative attention and memory biases and,
19; neurasthenia and,
107–8 (
see also neurasthenia); “noonday demon” and,
33,
177–80; official diagnoses of,
176–77; psychological treatments for (
see cognitive behavioral therapy;
psychoanalytic theory and psychoanalysis;
psychotherapy); as realistic worldview,
68,
70–71,
180; rise of, as diagnosis,
107–8,
170; statistics for,
172.
See also acedia;
despair;
despondency;
melancholia;
specific symptomsDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (
DSM),
106,
176–77
diet,
12; melancholia and,
19–20,
60–61; nervous weakness and,
88–89; neurasthenia and,
104; refusal of nourishment,
25,
26–27 (
see also appetite, loss of); Sebald’s description of fish and chips and,
64; vegetarian,
88,
89Divine Comedy, The (Dante),
44–51
Dr. Bieber’s Temptation (H. Mann),
96–97,
98
Drowned and the Saved, The (P. Levi),
167
energy (human): adaptation energy,
212; in astrological doctrine,
53; burnout and,
218–19; concentration camp survival and,
167–68; in COR theory,
215; depressives’ lack of,
173–74,
176–79,
183; in
The Divine Comedy,
44–45,
47–51; energy conservation theory (sleep) and,
145; Ficino on,
61–63; Freud on,
150–61,
165,
171; Janet’s energy-insufficiency model,
165–66,
257n.32; as limited resource,
6–7; as opposite of exhaustion,
8; rarely defined or quantified,
167; scientific model of, lacking,
8,
234; sexual activities and,
73,
75–77,
81–82,
151–52; stress and,
205–9,
217; Western vs. Eastern models of,
8,
108,
208.
See also chronic fatigue syndrome;
exhaustion;
life energy;
nerve forceEnglish Malady, The (Cheyne),
87–89
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV),
186Essential Guide to Burnout, The (Procter and Procter),
217–18
exhaustion: core cultural values and,
12,
124; core symptoms of diagnoses related to,
5,
21,
177,
223 (
see also specific symptoms and diagnoses); defined by its opposites,
7–8; definition of,
4–8; economic and social costs of,
38,
216–17; historical changes in perception of dominant symptoms of,
9–11,
12,
233–34; historical explanations of,
11–12 (
see also specific diagnoses and theories); as key theme in
Argonautica,
28–29 (see also
Argonautica); mental or social causation theories of,
235–36 (
see also acedia;
chronic fatigue syndrome;
depression;
Freud, Sigmund;
neurasthenia;
personal responsibility;
sin); opposites of,
7–8; one’s own era as most exhausted,
8–9,
88–89,
148,
236,
237; organic causation theories of,
235–36 (
see also brain: chemical imbalance in;
chronic fatigue syndrome;
depression;
humoral theory;
nerves;
neurasthenia;
viruses); primordial fears and,
13; as result of stress response,
205–7; sexual activities and,
60,
73–74,
75,
84 (
see also sex and sexuality); as term (origins, etymology, associations),
6–8.
See also mental exhaustion;
physical exhaustion;
spiritual exhaustion;
specific symptoms, diagnoses, and topics
“Fall of the House of Usher, The” (Poe),
85Fat and Blood and How to Make Them (Mitchell),
137
fiction,
13–14.
See also specific worksfreedom (autonomy), and depression,
181–83Freud, Sigmund: on agency and willpower,
42; on death drive,
116,
150,
157–59,
160–61,
165; dual-drive theory of,
8,
155–59,
160–61,
165; influence of,
170; on Janet’s model,
166; on life drive,
8,
150,
157–58,
165; on melancholia,
17,
46,
159–61,
170–71; on sexuality and sexual behavior,
77,
78,
107,
150–55,
160,
165Freudenberger, Herbert J.,
213
Galen of Pergamum: on “animal spirits” and nerves,
8,
86; Ficino and,
52,
53,
54,
61; humoral theory of,
15–22,
46; on melancholia,
16–22,
46,
177; on seminal expulsion,
73; on soul/spirit,
20–22,
57,
246n.21genes and heredity: adaptation energy and,
207; degeneration theory and,
77–78,
94–95,
100; depression and,
19; Janet on energy levels and,
166; neurasthenia and,
100,
105Gregory I the Great (pope),
38
Helmholtz, Hermann von,
238homosexuality, vampires associated with,
80–84hopelessness: as acedia symptom,
31,
33,
43; as depression symptom,
176–77; in literature,
24–29,
48–49,
66,
67; as melancholia symptom,
52,
59; as neurasthenia symptom,
91Huysman, Joris-Karl,
101–5Hystories (Showalter),
193
If This Is a Man (P. Levi),
167–68
inaction and paralysis: in literature,
25,
26,
57 (
see also apathy); Paul on,
36; Sebald and,
64,
67In Search of Lost Time (Proust),
98,
106
“Instincts and Their Vicissitudes” (Freud),
155–56irritability: as acedia symptom,
31,
32,
33; in “Bartleby, the Scrivener,”
161,
163; as exhaustion symptom,
5; as melancholia symptom,
17,
21; nerves and,
87,
91; as neurasthenia symptom,
6,
91–92,
100,
107,
177 (see also
Against Nature)
Janet, Pierre-Marie-Félix,
165–66Jason and the Golden Fleece,
22–29
Klosterman, Wolf-Günther,
46Krafft-Ebing, Richard von: degeneration theory and,
94; dietary suggestions of,
61; Freud and,
107,
151; influenced by Darwin,
142; on neurasthenia,
98–100,
105–6,
117,
177; sociocultural context of,
108–9; on women and work,
141
life energy: nerves and,
86,
87,
90 (
see also nerve force); sexual activities and,
73,
75–77,
81–82; vampirism and,
80,
81–83,
208–9 (
see also vampires and vampirism); Western and Eastern models of,
8,
108,
208.
See also energy (human)literature,
13–14.
See also specific works
Magic Mountain, The (T. Mann),
98
Malthus, Thomas Robert,
238medical discourses: bacterial-infection model,
200; on chronic fatigue syndrome,
184–87,
189,
191–94,
198–99,
201 (
see also chronic fatigue syndrome); gender and diagnosis,
137–42; monocausal external-agent illness models,
200; on nerves,
86–94 (
see also neurasthenia); referenced by exhaustion-based syndromes,
197; on sex and sexuality,
60,
72–73,
75–77,
79,
81–82,
84 (
see also sex and sexuality); sociocultural/historical developments and,
11,
95,
108–9,
233; symptoms shaped by,
10–11,
193,
200–201.
See also specific diagnoses and topicsmelancholia: Cheyne on,
87; creativity/genius and,
17,
54,
127; exhaustion as symptom of,
5,
17; as fashionable disease,
96; Ficino on,
55–63 (
see also Ficino, Marsilio); Freud on,
17,
46,
159–61,
170–71 (
see also Freud, Sigmund); Galen on,
15–22,
46 (
see also Galen of Pergamum); in literature and film,
22–29,
63–71,
82; masturbation and,
76; melancholic/saturnine temperament,
54,
57,
59–60; sociohistorical models/explanations of,
17,
31; symptoms and associated complaints of,
16–17,
19,
20,
46,
52,
67,
159 (
see also specific symptoms); valorization of,
17,
53,
54,
70–71.
See also acedia;
depressionmental illness, psychiatric vs. biological origins of,
198.
See also specific diagnosesmetaphors and similes: body as machine,
87,
206,
218–19,
222; brain as computer,
219–23; economic, for energy, nerve force,
93–94,
99,
119,
139–40,
206–7; energy vampire,
219; influence of,
6–7,
234–35,
262n.38; life stages, for stress,
206; military, in immunological arguments,
197; vampirism, for capitalism,
80; vine and oak tree,
177–79Middle Ages: demonic possession in,
10; melancholia redefined as acedia in,
17,
31 (
see also acedia); sloth, concept of, in,
31–32; views on sexual activity in,
72,
73–74.
See also Avicenna;
Chaucer, Geoffrey;
Dante Alighieri;
Ficino, Marsiliomind: belief and illness,
10,
193,
199–201,
234 (
see also chronic fatigue syndrome: controversy over psychological aspects of); body affected by (Apollonius),
22–29; body affected by (Ficino),
56–57,
74; body affected by (scientific),
29–30; body’s effect on,
16–22; as computer,
220–22; difficulty concentrating and,
21,
35–36,
107,
146,
176–77,
184,
186,
221; Freud’s dual-drive theory of,
155–59; overstimulation, overwork, and,
134–35 (
see also rest: rest cure); positive thinking and,
29.
See also brain;
cognitive behavioral therapy;
depression;
mental exhaustion;
psychoanalytic theory and psychoanalysis;
psychology;
psychotherapyModern Times (Chaplin; film),
202
Morel, Bénédict Augustin,
77–78Mrs. Dalloway (Woolf),
139
nerve force: definition of,
87; lack of,
86,
90,
91,
106; limited supply of,
6,
87,
90,
93–94,
119,
139–40; management (balance) of,
6,
93–94,
99,
119–20.
See also energy (human);
nerves;
neurasthenianerves: eighteenth- and nineteenth-century beliefs about,
86–94; Galen on,
86; imagery of,
109; twenty-first-century understanding of,
86; weak (nervous weakness),
87–88,
91,
93–94,
99–100,
126–27,
235 (
see also Cheyne, George;
neurasthenia;
rest: rest cure).
See also nerve force;
nervous breakdown;
nervousness;
neurasthenianeurasthenia: antipathy toward patients/diagnosis of,
98,
193; Beard on,
6,
91–95,
105–6,
107,
108–9,
117,
139 (
see also Beard, George M.); burnout compared with,
227; chronic fatigue syndrome compared with,
196–97; civilization/technology and,
92,
95,
96–98,
99–100,
105,
117; as diagnosis (definition, origins, influence),
91–92,
106–8,
170,
253n.46,
259n.9; Freud on sexuality and,
150–55; individual experiences with,
96,
109–10,
118–20,
137–39; intellect/class and,
92–93,
104,
105,
136 (
see also “brain work”); Krafft-Ebing on,
98–100,
105–6,
107,
108–9,
117 (
see also Krafft-Ebing, Richard von); in literature,
96–98,
101–6,
109–10,
135–37,
139,
226–27; masturbation linked to exhaustion and,
76–77,
151 (
see also masturbation); national variations of,
108,
252n.19; as organic disorder,
91–92,
105–6; popularity of,
95–99,
106–7,
170; as postexertion malaise,
134; symptoms and associated complaints if,
5,
6,
17,
91,
104,
106–7,
108; types of,
106–7; valorization of,
92–93,
95; women and,
135–42.
See also nerves;
nervous breakdown;
psychasthenia;
rest: rest cureneuro-linguistic programming (NLP),
222–23Noonday Demon, The (Solomon),
177–80
Nymphomaniac (Trier; film),
68
Obsessions et la psychasthénie, Les (
Obsession and Pschyasthenia; Janet),
165–66
occupational therapy,
12,
90Onania; or, the Heinous Sin of Self-Pollution (anon.),
75
“On Being Ill” (Woolf),
139“On Care for Our Common Home” (Francis I),
240–42“On the Grounds for Detaching a Particular Syndrome from Neurasthenia Under the Description ‘Anxiety Neurosis’” (Freud),
151On the Origin of Species (Darwin),
94
On the Sacraments of the Christian Faith (Hugh of Saint Victor),
39–40
pain, in chronic fatigue syndrome,
186personal responsibility: acedia and,
41–42; burnout and,
217; depression/melancholia and,
171,
181–83; desire for freedom from,
113–14; exhaustion caused by behavioral choices,
84; Ficino on,
63; neoliberalism/political conservatism and,
42–43,
195–96,
220,
235; for stress management,
206–7.
See also agency;
willpowerphlegm, in humoral theory,
16,
21,
59physical exhaustion: in chronic fatigue syndrome,
187–89 (
see also chronic fatigue syndrome); in literature and film,
27–28,
44–45,
47–49,
51,
69; in neurasthenia,
107 (see also
Against Nature;
neurasthenia); symptoms of,
5,
44–45,
66–67.
See also depression;
melancholiaPoe, Edgar Allan,
85,
103popes, resignation of,
1–3,
45Price of Inequality, The (Stiglitz),
128–29
Problemata (Aristotle),
17,
54
Procter, Andrew and Elizabeth,
217Protestant Reformation,
123–24Prozac Nation (Wurtzel),
173–75
psychology: belief and illness,
193,
199–201,
234; chronic fatigue syndrome and,
189–94,
198–99 (
see also chronic fatigue syndrome); depressives’ view as more realistic and,
70–71,
180; psychological tension,
166 (
see also Janet, Pierre-Marie-Félix); stress research and,
210–12.
See also brain;
cognitive behavioral theory;
depression;
Freud, Sigmund;
Janet, Pierre-Marie-Félix;
mind;
psychoanalytic theory and psychoanalysis;
psychotherapy
recuperation hypothesis,
145–46religion: acedia and,
17,
38,
40 (
see also acedia); in
A Burnt-Out Case,
223–26; desire for lost belief,
104; Freud on,
153; lukewarm faith,
45; and Protestant work ethic,
123–24; Sabbath and,
132–33,
242; on sex and sexuality,
72,
74. See also
Divine Comedy, The;
sinresources, conservation of (COR) theory,
214–15rest: adaption energy and,
207; changing attitudes toward,
123–24 (
see also Protestant work ethic); chronic fatigue syndrome and,
196–97; as cure for burnout,
217; Darwin on,
143; definition of,
132; desire for,
13,
114–15,
148 (
see also death: death drive;
Oblomov); rest cure,
12,
90,
109–10,
135–38,
197; on Sabbath,
132–33,
242.
See also sleepRings of Saturn, The (Sebald),
63–67,
71
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques,
79ruin(s), in
The Rings of Saturn,
65–66
sadness (sorrow): acedia and,
39–41,
43,
46,
50–51; melancholia and,
20,
22,
46,
50,
52,
67; saturnine disposition and,
54selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRUIs),
15,
172.
See also serotoninself-discipline, in
Death in Venice,
228–30sex and sexuality: eighteenth- and nineteenth-century discourses on,
72–79,
81; Freud on,
77,
78,
107,
150–55,
160; homosexuality,
80–84; humoral theory and,
73–74; medieval discourses on,
60,
72–74; premature ejaculation,
91; sexual activity and energy,
60,
73,
75–77,
151–52,
235; sins of,
72,
74,
79 (
see also masturbation); vampires and homosexuality,
80–84“Sexuality in the Aetiology of the Neuroses” (Freud),
151sin: acedia and,
17,
32–39,
40–51; in
The Divine Comedy,
44–51; exhaustion as,
235; rest and nonproductive activity as,
124; Seven Deadly Sins,
31,
32,
38,
247n.16; sexual,
72,
74,
79 (
see also masturbation); vs. vice,
39sleep,
145–49; chronic fatigue syndrome and,
186; depression/melancholia and,
20,
60,
174,
176; insomnia,
91,
104,
107,
147,
176; sleepiness,
31,
33,
44,
49,
91sociocultural developments: burnout and,
203–4; changes in perception of exhaustion symptoms and,
9–11,
12; chronic fatigue syndrome and,
194–98; core cultural values and exhaustion,
12,
124; medical discourses and,
11,
95,
108–9,
233 (
see also medical discourses;
specific diagnoses); nostalgic/conservative/apocalyptic responses to,
8–10,
88–89,
100,
133,
148–49,
209 (
see also specific individuals); Protestant Reformation as,
123–24 (
see also Protestant work ethic); stress and,
210–12; women’s emancipation, medical diagnosis, and,
139–42 (
see also women); work and,
116–17 (
see also capitalism;
technology;
work).
See also civilization;
Greece, ancient;
Middle Ages“Staff Burn-Out” (Freudenberger),
213Stockholm Resilience Centre,
238,
239Summa Theologiae (Thomas Aquinas),
40–42,
74
Taylor, Shelley E.,
70–71technology: burnout and,
9,
213,
221–22; exhaustion theories on,
237; Francis I on,
241–42; as modern stressor,
211–12; natural rhythms disrupted by,
8–9,
117,
133–34,
146–48,
213; neurasthenia and,
93,
95,
96–98; progress driven by desire to reduce work,
124–25thermodynamics, second law of,
90,
238This Changes Everything (Klein),
240
Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (Freud),
78
Treatise on Physical, Intellectual and Moral Degeneracy in the Human Species and the Causes That Produce These Diseased Varieties (Morel),
77–78
“Vampyre, The” (Polidori),
80vine and oak tree, as metaphor,
177–79
Waste Land, The (Eliot),
109–10
“wear-and-tear” principle,
206women,
137–42.
See also specific individualswork: as antidote to acedia,
36–38; burnout and,
9,
95,
202–3,
213–17,
220 (
see also burnout); changing nature of,
117–18,
120; class, neurasthenia, and,
92–93 (
see also neurasthenia); desire to avoid responsibility of,
113–14; fatigue and productivity,
13,
202–3,
260n.2; human-services sector and,
213–14; identity and,
13,
118,
120,
228–29; Krafft-Ebing on women and,
141; maximum-results-with-minimum-effort mentality of,
128; in
Oblomov,
112–16; Protestant ethic of,
120–24; repetitive labor in,
117–18,
202–3,
211–12; stress and,
203,
210–12,
260n.2 (
see also burnout); technological progress driven by desire to reduce,
124–25; workers’ worldviews shaped by metaphors of,
262n.38.
See also capitalism;
natural rhythms
yellow bile, in humoral theory,
16
Zeno’s Conscience (Svevo),
98