* I should note that some societies created highly specific divisions of labor that enabled people to become specialists in the absence of cities, and even the absence of agriculture. Although such cultural practices create true expertise, they provide very little choice and variety with regard to areas of specialization. In such societies, you cannot simply choose to become an artist or a mason because that is your passion. Rather, there must be a need for the role, and cultural rules must indicate that you are suitable for it. Additionally, expertise in one’s chosen domain demanded the development of cities, but you no longer need to live in a city to develop expertise. Once modern transportation became available, people everywhere had the opportunity to pursue their interests.