1 Sheila Johnston, Keanu Reeves (London: Pan, 1997), 24.
2 Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex (trans. Constance Borde & Sheila Malovany-Chevallier; New York: Vintage Books, 2011), 26.
3 Donna Haraway, Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature (New York: Routledge, 1991), 177.
4 Vikram Dodd, “They treated me as a suspect—not a victim,” The Guardian (25 February 1999): https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/feb/25/lawrence.ukcrime4.
5 Toni Morrison, “On the First Black President,” The New Yorker (5 October 1998): https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1998/10/05/comment-6543.
6 Quoted in David Gillborn, “Tony Blair and the Politics of Race in Education: Whiteness, Doublethink and New Labour,” Oxford Review of Education, 34, no. 6 (December 2008): 714.
7 1997 Labour Party Manifesto, “New Labour Because Britain Deserves Better”: http://www.labour-party.org.uk/manifestos/1997/1997-labour-manifesto.shtml.
8 Philip Johnston, “Adopt our values or stay away, says Blair,” The Daily Telegraph (9 December 2006): https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1536408/Adopt-our-values-or-stay-away-says-Blair.html.
9 Dodd, “They treated me as a suspect – not a victim.”
10 William MacPherson, The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry. Report of an Inquiry (1999): 51, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-stephen-lawrence-inquiry.
11 David Remnick, The Bridge: the Life and Rise of Barack Obama (London: Picador, 2010), 82.
12 Remnick, The Bridge, 106.
13 Remnick, The Bridge.
14 Remnick, The Bridge, 201.
15 Friedrich Nietzsche, Thus Spoke Zarathustra (trans. Thomas Common; London: G. Allen and Unwin, 1932), 104.
16 Friedrich Nietzsche, The Portable Nietzsche (trans. Walter Kaufmann; Harmonds-worth: Penguin, 1976), 127.
17 Nietzsche, The Portable Nietzsche, 139.
18 Elena Schneider, “Trump explains tweeting Mussolini quote” (2/28/2016): https://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/trump-tweets-interesting-mussolini-quote-219932.
19 Virgil, “The Age of the Lion: Donald Trump Puts America First”: https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2017/01/20/virgil-age-lion-donald-trump-puts-america-first/.
20 Nietzsche, The Portable Nietzsche, 139.
21 Julian Symons, Thomas Carlyle: The Life and Ideas of a Prophet (London: Victor Gollancz, 1952), 165.
22 Fred Kaplan, Thomas Carlyle: A Biography (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983), 265.
23 Thomas Carlyle, On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History (London: Chapman and Hall, 1840), 3.
24 Carlyle, On Heroes 25.
25 Carlyle, On Heroes.
26 Symons The Life and Ideas of a Prophet, 167.
27 Carlyle, On Heroes, 3.
28 Thomas Carlyle, “Occasional discourse on the Negro question,” Critical and Miscellaneous Essays in Five Volumes: Volume IV (London: Chapman and Hall, 1869), 350.
29 Carlyle, “Occasional discourse on the Negro question,” 376.
30 Carlyle, “Occasional discourse on the Negro question,” 351.
31 Carlyle, “Occasional discourse on the Negro question,” 374.
32 The Epic of Gilgamesh (trans. Andrew George; London, Penguin Books, 2003), 5.
33 Wyatt Mason, “The First Woman to Translate the ‘Odyssey’ Into English,” The New York Times Magazine, February 11, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/02/magazine/the-first-woman-to-translate-the-odyssey-into-english.html.
34 Homer, The Odyssey (trans. Emily Wilson; New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2018), 10.5.
35 Johnston, Keanu Reeves 168.
36 Chris Hardwick, “Keanu Reeves Returns,” July 2, 2017, in The Nerdist Podcast #851, podcast, YouTube video, 2:00:31, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UL6IgZ9okss.
37 Hardwick, “Keanu Reeves Returns.”
38 Perry Anderson, “Passing the Baton,” New Left Review 103 (January–February 2017), 49.
39 See, for example, this from Obama’s speech in Grant Park, Chicago, on November 11, 2008 after becoming the President-elect: “tonight, because of what we did on this date in this election at this defining moment change has come to America.”
40 Anderson, “Passing the Baton,” 50.
41 Dean Baquet, “Jay-Z & Dean Baquet,” The New York Times Style Magazine, November 29, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/11/29/t-magazine/jay-z-dean-baquet-interview.html.
42 “Barack Obama at the Al Smith Dinner,” RealClearPolitics, October 16, 1974, transcript, https://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/10/barack_obama_at_the_al_smith_d.html.
43 On Rush Limbaugh’s characterization of Obama’s “facial expressions” as “demonic”: https://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2008/10/who_wrote_dreams_from_my_fathe_1.html; on images supposedly linking Obama to the Black Panthers: https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/obama-black-panther-photo/; on the claim that Bill Ayers was the ghost-writer of Dreams from My Father: https://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2008/10/who_wrote_dreams_from_my_fathe_1.html/.
44 From “Scottish Portraits” (1854), quoted in Michael K. Goldberg’s introduction to Carlyle, On Heroes, xxxvi.
45 Quoted in A. R. Ammons, “A Poem Is a Walk” in Claims for Poetry, edited by Donald Hall (Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1982), 1.
46 See, for example, James Cowles Prichard in 1843: “has man received from his Maker a principle of accommodation by which he becomes fitted to possess and occupy the whole earth? He modifies the agencies of the elements upon himself; but do not these agencies also modify him?,” quoted in Michael Banton, Racial theories (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 23.
47 Thierry Hoquet, “Biologization of Race and Racialization of the Human: Bernier, Buffon, Linnaeus,” in The Invention of Race: Scientific and Popular Representations, edited by Nicolas Bancel, Thomas David, and Dominic Thomas) New York: Routledge, 2014), 21.
48 Banton, Racial theories, 53
49 Count Joseph Arthur de Gobineau, “Recapitulation: The Respective Characteristics of the Three Great Races; The Superiority of the White Type, and, Within This Type, of the Aryan Family,” in Jayne O. Ifekwunigwe, ‘Mixed race’ Studies: A Reader (London: Routledge, 2004), 40.
50 Hoquet, “Biologization of Race and Racialization of the Human,” 25.
51 Hoquet, “Biologization of Race and Racialization of the Human,” 26.
52 Charles Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit (London: Penguin Books, 1986), 51.
53 Benjamin Disraeli, Coningsby; Or, The New Generation (Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz, 1844), 204–05.
54 De Gobineau, “Recapitulation,” 40.
55 Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (London: Hurst and Blackett, 1939), 231.
56 Barack Obama, Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance (Edinburgh: Canongate, 2008), 30.
57 Banton, Racial theories, 26.
58 Lothrop Stoddard, Racial Realities in Europe (New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1925), 240–42.
59 Stoddard, Racial Realities in Europe, 246.
60 ForeverWhiteMan: https://www.stormfront.org/forum/t1168802/ (accessed February 12 2018).
61 Some examples: “impassive, inscrutable and just plain wooden” (The Scotsman, 16 June 2002): http://www.whoaisnotme.net/articles/2002_0616_why.htm; “Pondering the Mysterious Keanu Reeves” (Associated Press, November 5, 2003): http://www.whoaisnotme.net/articles/2003_1105_pon.htm; “the often-painfully laconic Reeves” (Toronto Sun, 14 September 2005): http://www.whoaisnotme.net/articles/2005_0914_ree.htm.
62 Leonard Klady, “Like a Chinese Menu,” Los Angeles Times, (October 1, 1988): http://www.whoaisnotme.net/articles/1988_1001_lik.htm.
63 Remnick, The Bridge, 50.
64 R. L. Rutsky, “Being Keanu,” in The End of Cinema as We Know It, edited by Jon Lewis (New York: NYU Press, 2001), 192.
65 Johnston, Keanu Reeves (London: Pan, 1997), 168.
66 Chris Heath, “The Pursuit of Excellence,” Details Magazine (August 1991): http://www.whoaisnotme.net/articles/1991_08xx_pur.htm.
67 Louis de la Hamaide, “Keanu Reeves—What Is He Trying To Prove?” Voici (December 11–17, 1995): http://www.whoaisnotme.net/articles/1995_1211_kea.htm.
68 Michael Shnayerson, “The Wild One: Keanu Reeves on Sex, Hollywood and Life on the Run,” Vanity Fair (August 1995): http://www.whoaisnotme.net/articles/1995_08xx_wil.htm.
69 Sara Ahmed, Living a Feminist Life (Durham: Duke University Press, 2017), 37.
70 Adrienne Rich, “Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence,” Signs, Vol. 5, no. 4, in Women: Sex and Sexuality (Summer, 1980): 632.
71 Jean-Paul Chaillet, “Prince of Speed,” Premiere magazine (September 1994): http://www.whoaisnotme.net/articles/1994_09xx_pri.htm.
72 http://proudboysusa.com/ (accessed December 18, 2018).
73 Nietzsche, The Portable Nietzsche, 124.
74 Audre Lorde, “Age, Race, Class and Sex,” in Your Silence Will Not Protect You (UK: Silver Press, 2017), 94.
75 Quoted in Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy (London: Routledge, 2005), 51.
76 Jim Turner, “Much Ado About Keanu,” Detour Magazine (May 1993): http://www.whoaisnotme.net/articles/1993_05xx_muc.htm
77 Quoted in J. M. Coetzee, White Writing: On the Culture of Letters in South Africa (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988), 12.
78 “New Era of Race Relations,” BBC News online (February 24,1999): http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/285471.stm.
79 Michael Gove, “More than simply black and white,” The Times (January 26, 1999).
80 Quoted in the documentary Stephen: The Murder That Changed a Nation (dir. James Rogan; first broadcast on BBC One, April 17, 2018).
81 Ibid.
82 Michael Gove, “Be politically astute, not politically correct,” The Times (October 10, 2000).
83 Gove, “Be politically astute, not politically correct.”
84 See, for example, MSNBC’s Chris Matthews: “He is post-racial by all appearances. You know, I forgot he was black tonight,” https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2010/01/27/msnbcs_matthews_on_obama_i_forgot_he_was_black_tonight.html.
85 Carlyle, On Heroes, 19.
86 Deepak Chopra, “Obama and the Call: ‘I Am America,’ ” The Huffington Post (January 5, 2008): https://www.huffingtonpost.com/deepak-chopra/obama-and-the-call-i-am-a_b_80016.html.
87 Chopra, “Obama and the Call.”
88 Deepak Chopra, Seven Spiritual Laws of Superheroes (London: Transworld, 2011), 105.
89 Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Major Works (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), 313.
90 Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Nature,” in The Essential Writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson (New York: Random House, 2000), 6.
91 J. A. Rogers, From Superman to Man (Chicago: The Goodspeed Press, 1917), 24.
92 Rogers, From Superman to Man, 128.
93 George Bernard Shaw, Man and Superman: A Comedy and a Philosophy (London: Penguin Books, 2000), 226.
94 Obama, Dreams from My Father, 11.
95 Obama, Dreams from My Father.
96 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on December 10, 1948): http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/.
97 Remnick, The Bridge, 65.
98 Remnick, The Bridge, 62.
99 Remnick, The Bridge, 68.
100 Remnick, The Bridge, 59.
101 Obama, Dreams from My Father, 43.
102 Adrienne Rich, “Cartographies of Silence,” in The Dream of a Common Language: Poems 1974–1977 (New York: W. W. Norton & Co, 1978), 19.
103 Daniel Nasaw, “Controversial comments made by Rev Jeremiah Wright,” The Guardian (March 18, 2008).
104 Alex Mooney and Peter Hamby, “Clinton: Wright would not have been my pastor,” CNN, http://edition.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/03/25/clinton.wright/.
105 José Vasconcelos, “The Cosmic Race,” in Modern Art in Africa, Asia and Latin America: An Introduction to Global Modernisms (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2013), 411.
106 Hendrik Hertzberg, “Obama Wins,” The New Yorker (November 17, 2008).
107 Barack Obama, The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream (Edinburgh: Canongate Books, 2007), 231.
108 Obama, The Audacity of Hope.
109 Matthew Arnold, Culture and Anarchy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), 150.
110 Nietzsche, “Notes (1873),” in Portable Nietzsche, 41.
111 Kristine McKenna, “Keanu’s Eccentric Adventure,” Los Angeles Times (June 5, 1994): http://www.whoaisnotme.net/articles/1994_0605_kea.htm.
112 Walter Kaufmann, Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974), 236.
113 George Blaustein, “The Obama Speeches,” n+1 Issue 27: “Deep End” (Winter 2017): https://nplusonemag.com/issue-27/politics/the-obama-speeches/.
114 Quoted in Gillian Slovo, The Riots (London: Oberon Books, 2014), 858.
115 Slovo, The Riots.
116 “Barack Obama Tucson Speech in Full,” The Telegraph, January 13, 2011, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/us-politics/8256760/Barack-Obama-Tuson-Speech-in-full.html.
117 “Riots in Tottenham after Mark Duggan shooting protest,” BBC News online (August 7, 2011).
118 List of sources quoted in this section: “Hate Crime, England and Wales, 2017/18: Statistical Bulletin,” Home Office (October 16, 2018): https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/748598/hate-crime-1718-hosb2018.pdf; Nancy Kelley and Sarah Sharrock, “Racial prejudice in Britain today,” National Centre for Social Research (September 2017): http://www.natcen.ac.uk/our-research/research/racial-prejudice-in-britain-today; Damien Gayle, “Structural racism at heart of British society, UN human rights panel says,” The Guardian (April 27, 2018); E. Tendayi Achiume, “End of Mission Statement of the Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance at the Conclusion of Her Mission to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”: https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23073&LangID=E (accessed January 18, 2019).
119 Allegra Stratton, “David Cameron on riots: broken society is top of my political agenda,” The Guardian (August 15, 2011).
120 Matthew Barrett, “Michael Gove winds up public disorder debate and condemns ‘a culture of greed and instant gratification, rootless hedonism and amoral violence,’ ” Conservative Home (August 13, 2011): https://www.conservativehome.com/leftwatch/2011/08/michael-gove-wrapping-up.html.
121 “Gove speech on ‘the underclass’ in full:” https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2011/09/01/gove-speech-on-the-underclass-in-full (accessed February 9, 2018).
122 “Some England riot sentences ‘too severe’,” BBC News online (August 17, 2011): https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14553330.
123 Alan Travis and Simon Rogers, “Revealed: the full picture of sentences handed down to rioters,” The Guardian (August 18, 2011).
124 Larry Elliott, “Child poverty in Britain set to soar to new record, says thinktank,” The Guardian (November 2, 2017).
125 Rogers, From Superman to Man, 16.
126 Kristine McKenna, “Keanu’s Eccentric Adventure.”
127 Quoted in John F. Wippel, “Thomas Aquinas on the Ultimate Why Question: Why is There Anything at All Rather than Nothing Whatsoever,” The Ultimate Why Question: Why is There Anything at All Rather than Nothing Whatsoever, edited by Wippel (Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2013), 104.
128 Obama, Dreams from My Father, 288.
129 Obama, Dreams from My Father, 429.
130 David Coleman, “Immigration, Population and Ethnicity: The UK in International Perspective,” The Migration Observatory at the University of Oxford (April 17, 2013): https://migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/resources/briefings/immigration-population-and-ethnicity-the-uk-in-international-perspective/ (accessed February 9, 2018).
131 Quoted in Johann Peter Eckermann, The Question of Psychological Types: the Correspondence of C.G. Jung and Hans Schmid-Guisan, 1915–1916, edited by John Beebe and Ernst Falzeder (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013), 67.
132 Eckermann, The Question of Psychological Types, 68.
133 Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future (London: Penguin Books, 2003), 213.
134 Audre Lorde, “Letter to Mary Daly,” Your Silence Will Not Protect You (UK: Silver Press, 2017), 40.
135 Johnston, Keanu Reeves, 6.
136 Simone Weil, “The Iliad or the Poem of Force,” in Simone Weil: An Anthology (London: Penguin Books, 2005), 183-204.
137 Reg Fitz and Dani Cestaro, “‘Speed’ Star’s Nightmare As Dad Is Jailed In Cocaine Bust,” The National Inquirer (July 12, 1994): http://www.whoaisnotme.net/articles/1994_0712_spe2.htm.
138 Quoted in Tom Green, “Keanu’s Artistic Adventures,” USA Today (18 July 1991): http://www.whoaisnotme.net/articles/1991_0718_kea.htm.
139 Margy Rochlin, “Keanu Reeves: The US Interview,” US Magazine (March 1995): http://www.whoaisnotme.net/articles/1995_03xx_kea.htm.
140 Langston Hughes, “Star Seeker,” in The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes (New York: Vintage Books, 1995), 64.
141 Obama, Dreams from My Father, 70.