INDEX OF THEMES

abuse, proper response to 23–4, 74, 140

accoutrements, Cynic, see cloak, cup, knapsack, stick admonition 26, 51, 70–1

adultery, Diogenes on 41;

Crates on 88

Theodoros that justifiable 153

affections, that sense-affections alone apprehensible, see scepticism

afterlife, see Hades, initiations

anger, Aristippos on the suppression of, 139–40

animal, as exemplar 9;

cruelty to 115

assault, response to 74, 43, 93

astronomy, mocked as useless 28–9, 109, 163

atheism, of Theodoros, 153–5; see also gods

Athenians, criticized by Diogenes as self-indulgent 20, 44

athletes, criticism of 20–1, 73, 78, 84, 164–5

avarice, Diogenes on 378

Bion on 109–10

baths, as shelter for Cynic 98, 107

various references 20, 42, 66, 76, 78, 138

beauty, physical, 42–3, 72, 92, 112

beggar, Diogenes as 8, 10, 12, 17–19, 55, 161

does Plato beg? 34

benefits, should be proportional to worth of recipient 68

birth, high, of no value 27, 150

Antisthenes not of pure Athenian 117–18

Bion’s low birth no cause for shame 105

black people, jokes about 72

books, Diogenes on the use of 65, 87

brothel, as revealing nature of love 40, 88

Bion’s mother from 105

Diogenes seen leaving 76 bread, black versus white 15, 98

burial, Diogenes on 61, 81–3

Bion on 117

Theodoros on 170

cakes, should sage eat? 15

cannibalism, justifiable 48–9

cloak, rough doubled as Cynic uniform 4, 8, 10, 27, 49, 82, 87, 91, 98, 105, 159–62, 164, 175, 178

did Antisthenes wear one? 119

Aristippos exchanges with Diogenes 138, wears doubled cloak in emergency 131, 138

clothing, luxurious, Aristippos wears 125

but happy in any 131–3, 135–6, 138

mocked by Diogenes 43–4

cobblers, philosophical 94, 179–80

coinage, see restamping

contrarian, Diogenes as 21–4

cosmopolitanism, of Diogenes 3–4, 12

of Aristippos 143

courtesans, Diogenes on 40–1

Aristippos associates with 125, 132–4, 141

Crates on 88, 91

Theodorean sophism about 157

crowd, non-Cynics characterized as mere members of 19–20

cultivation and education, value of 37, 63, 69–70, 86, 101, 127, 141

culture, mocked as useless by Diogenes, 27–9

by Bion 108–9; see also astronomy, geometry, music, literature, nature

cup, as Cynic accoutrement, 10–11, 159–60

Cynic name, originated as term of abuse 24

supposedly originating with Antisthenes 119; see also dog

death, Diogenes on 80–2, 170

tales about his death 83–4

Aristippos fears 138–9

Bion on 116–17

Crates foresees 97, see also burial

demagogues, Athenian orators as 50–1

dialectic, mocked by Diogenes 31–2

practised by Theodoros 105, 153, cf. 100 and note

dispossession, Cynic, 4, 8–9, 12, 87–9

dissolute, sayings by Diogenes about the 39

Aristippos disowns his son as being 144

himself caricatured as being 6

divination, mocked, 46, 11, 163

dog, Diogenes as 3, 5, 24–6, 34–5, 49

disciple called Dog-collar 87

name supposedly connected with Antisthenes 119

doctor, philosopher likened to 20, 136–7

dream-reading 46–7

dress, see clothing, cloak

drink, Cynic attitudes to 14–17, 27, 90, 98, 107; see also wine

dropsy, as analogy for insatiable greed 37, 97, 109

eating, see food

effeminacy, attacked by Diogenes 19, 25, 42–3, 59

education, of young 61–3, 65, 114, 127, 141; see also cultivation

Eleusinian Mysteries, see initiations

end, of life, for Cynics to live in accordance with virtue, 27

for Cyrenaics pleasure 125, 152; see also pleasure

enslavement, of Diogenes, see slavery

envy, Diogenes immune to 91

envious man mocked 113–14

sage will avoid 90, 146

Epicureanism, how it resembles and differs from Cyrenaic hedonism 124, 145–7, 152–3

exercise, benefits of 29, 66, 92, 172

should aim at good of soul 21

exile, of Diogenes 6–8, 60

Bion consoles

Demetrios for 93–4

no hardship to die in 81

of Theodoros 154–6

expense, see values

extravagance, of Aristippos 125, 128–9, 138

source of strife 95

spendthrifts mocked for 18, 39–40

farting, no great offence 101

fees, Aristippos charges for teaching, see money

flattery 50, 69–70, 92, 114; see also plain speaking

food, Diogenes on the right approach to 14–16

criticizes wrong approach 38–40

other references by Diogenes 4, 10, 58, 138, 161–2, 175

Aristippos justifies buying expensive 128–9

Antisthenes on simple diet 120

Bion on same 107

but greedily devours a fish 115

Crates on simple diet 90, 95, 98

fortune, Cynic invulnerability to 30–1

should accept any role imposed by 106–7

Aristippos admired for adapting to any 123, 131–2

thanked for imposing afflictions, 31, 104

wealth as vomit of 36, 86

freedom, destitution as beginning of 88–9

Diogenes values above all else 30; see also slavery

friendship 26, 57, 66–7, 69, 114, 139, 146, 150, 152–3

Fury, Menedemos supposedly assumes guise of a 102

Games, Diogenes at Olympic 19–21, 162–4

confronts victor on way back from 164–5

supposedly dies on way to 80

Antisthenes plans to deliver speech at Isthmian 118

Aristippos learns about Socrates at Olympic 125; see also athletes, victor

geometry, rejected as useless 27, 106

gods, Diogenes on the existence of 47–8

Bion’s attitude to 106, 111

Theodoros as atheist 153–5

wise are friends to 13, 27–8, 162

gratitude 69, 150–2

greed, insatiable 52, 97, 109; see also avarice

Hades, fate of dead in 45, 112

Menedemos as spy from 102

road to 81, 97, 116

happiness, for Diogenes arises from dispossession 4–5, 159–62

lies in invulnerability to fortune 29–31

not to be judged by predominance of pleasures 98–9

Cyrenaic views about its source 124–5, 143, 145–6, 150

hedonism, of Cyrenaics, see pleasure

Heracles, as exemplar for Cynics 4, 30, 90, 118, 161–2, 179–80

hetairai, see courtesans

homelessness, Cynic 4, 8, 10, 27, 96, 98; see also jar

hunchback, joke about 76

Crates as 97

ideas, Diogenes mocks Plato’s theory of 32–3

illusion, as governing human action 36–43

Bion on false opinion 108–9

sense-experience as source of, according to Monimos 85

to Cyrenaics 148–9.

incest, supposedly favoured by Cynics and early Stoics 49

informers, as dangerous beasts 69

Initiation, into Eleusinian Mysteries 45, 154, 177

insults, see abuse

invulnerability, see fortune

jar, as home of Diogenes 4, 8, 10, 27, 52–3, 55; see also homelessness

jokes, of popular nature ascribed to Diogenes 72–8

kings, interchanges of Diogenes with 52–6, 165–6

Theodorus’ boldness toward 154–7; see also tyrants

knapsack, as Cynic accoutrement 3–4, 10–11, 15, 85, 90–1, 94, 96, 106, 119, 159–61, 164, 175

knucklebones, as currency in Cynic state 49

letters of recommendation, rejected as pointless 64

literature, study of, rejected as useless 27–8, 109

love 40, 42, 95, 112–13, 118, 134, 146, 163; see also sex

lupin seeds, as favourite Cynic food 4, 14, 28, 96, 101, 161, 179

luxury, Cyrenaic 5, 123–5, 128–9

mad, Diogenes viewed as 22, 35

Monimos feigns madness 85

man, true, as against mere member of the crowd, scum or slave 19–22

marriage, Diogenes on 41, 48–50, 167

Antisthenes on 118

Bion on 113

Crates on 88

dog-marriage of Crates and Hipparchia 99–101, 172–5

masturbation, virtues of 16, 41, 49, 162

misanthrope, Diogenes represented as in apocryphal letters 167–70

misers, mocked by Diogenes 18, 38

Bion on 109–10

money, Diogenes scorns 13

begs for daily needs 10, 17–19

criticizes love of 38–9

Crates gives his away 87–9

proper attitude to 97–8

other Cynic reflections on 86, 101, 110; c.f.

Antisthenes 119–21

Aristippos charges much for teaching 123, 127–8

his attitude to 128–30, 134, 137, 141; see also poverty, wealth

mourning, Bion criticizes excessive 116

mouse, Diogenes draws lesson from 9

has one as scrounger 15

music, mocked as useless 27, 106

jokes directed at musicians 72, 78

nature, study of, rejected as useless 27–9, 147–8

non-attachment, Aristippos that should adopt a detached attitude toward pleasure and possessions 129–34

octopus, Diogenes dies from eating raw 82, 84

old age, Diogenes on 30, 68, 71, 79–80

Bion on 116

Crates on 97

orators, mocked by Diogenes 50–2; see also rhetoric

pain, philosophers should cause 33

parody, of Homeric verses by Diogenes 77–8

parodic tragedies ascribed to him 48–50

in verses of Crates 94–6

practised by Bion 106

seriocomic writings of Menippos 102

pedagogue, Diogenes supposedly served as during his enslavement 61

strikes one for misbehaviour of child 63

pederasty 42, 77, 106, 112–13, 154–5

perfume, Diogenes mocks use of 13, 43–4

expense of 14

favoured by Aristippos 6, 125, 129, 178

pessimism, hedonism as resulting in 150–2

pirates, Diogenes captured by 57–61

Aristippos threatened by 130

Bion threatened by 115

success of pirate evidence against divine providence 47

pleasure, Diogenes that should despise 4, 23, 29–30

Antisthenes on 126

Bion that should be derived from wisdom 108

Crates that happiness should not be judged by its predominance 98–9

the Cyrenaic regard it as end of life 124–5, 145–6, 150–2

interpret it in terms of motion 145–6

possessions, Crates gives away 88–9

overvaluation of 37, 52, 119–21

poverty, blessings of 4, 12, 38, 88–9, 91, 95, 161, 166

Poverty’s self-defence in Bion 107

praise, a bad sign to receive it 23

Diogenes praised but not followed 25–6

Bion on the beneficial effects of 114

prayer, Diogenes criticizes conventional 44–6

Aristippos that we should not pray for specific things 140

Bion on 111

prodigies, mockery of attitudes to 47, 111

prostitutes, see courtesans

public, Diogenes carries out all activities in, see shamelessness

purifications 45–6, 111

quarrels, Crates as a counsellor who resolves 89–90

Aristippos resolves personal quarrel 139

religion, Diogenes on 44–50, 55

Bion on 11–16; see also gods

reputation, should be viewed with contempt 23, 27, 46, 50

restamping the currency, literal and figurative, 6–7, 30

rhetoric, scorned by Diogenes 28, 50–2

by Bion 114

orator hired by Aristippos 125

rhetorical style of Antisthenes 118

ridicule, see abuse

ruling, art of 58, 142–3

sacrifices, criticism of 44–5

sacrilege, can be justifiable, Bion 112

Theodoros 153

sacrilegious act ascribed to Diogenes 46; see also temple-robbery

scepticism, Cyrenaic regarding sense-experience, 147–50

of Monimos 85–6

self-sufficiency 12, 118, 153

Bion’s discourse on 106–8

sex 16, 40–2, 48–50, 88, 101, 106, 112–13, 120, 125, 132–4, 147, 153–4, 162, 169

shamelessness, Cynic, 5, 16–17, 25, 49, 103–4

shipwreck, of Aristippos 130–2

of Zeno 103–4

short cut to happiness, Cynic, 5, 27, 159–61, 172

caricatured as path to notoriety 5

silence, proper time for 62, 115

slavery and freedom, Diogenes happy to lose his slave 11

has no slave to bury him 81

most people slaves by nature 21, 38, 160–1

freedom depends on knowledge of good 64, 108

Diogenes remains free when enslaved 57–62, 170–2

Crates sets himself free by giving away his possessions 88–9, 95

Bion sold into slavery 105

see also for Aristippos 127, 136, 142–3

sophisms, Diogenes responds to 32

Hipparchia responds to 100

employed by Theodoros, 153–4, 157; see also dialectic

Spartans, praised by Diogenes for hardiness, 20, 31

interchanges with 77

vain about mean clothing 44

spitting, into face of uncultivated 37, 137–8, 164

used as analogy by Aristippos 144

spy, Cynic as 52, 102

stick, Antisthenes threatens Diogenes with 8

as carried by Diogenes 3, 10, 159–61

Diogenes strikes people with 20, 74, 163

to deter scavengers after death 82, 170

wielded by Crates 88, 103–4

did Antisthenes or Diodoros first adopt stick and knapsack? 119

suicide, Diogenes on 79–80

did he kill himself? 82–3

Metrocles said to have 101

and Menippos 102

Hegesias encourages as ‘Death-persuader’ 150–3

Theodoros that never justifiable 157

superstition, Diogenes mocks 44–7

Bion mocks 111–12

but finally yields to it 106

sage will be free of 147

taverns and wine-shops, 17, 40, 44, 51, 81

tax-collectors, as dangerous beasts, 69

temple-robbery, may be justifiable, 48, 112

custodians the worse thieves 46

tragedy, Diogenes has suffered all curses of 12

mocked by him 28

parodies of tragedy ascribed to him 48–50

Crates inspired by a distressed hero from 87

training, Cynic life as form of 29–30, 161

procedures adopted to train for endurance 10, 77

of children 59, 61–3, 64–5

tyrants, Diogenes’s attitude to 56–7, 166–7

mocks Plato for associating with 133–4

Aristippos at court of 6, 123, 125, 134–8, 175–8

Theodoros responds to threat from 156; see also kings

underworld, see Hades

universe, study of, see astronomy, nature

values, relative, the best things cheapest 13–14, 94

vanity, different kinds of 44

Diogenes accused of 35, 138

vegetable washing, anecdotes centring around 33, 138, 154, 175

victor, the Cynic as true 20–1, 164–5

wealth, true 12–14, 23, 95, 97–8, 119–20

conventional evaluation attacked 36–9, 70, 109–11

Aristippos that cannot have too much 129

productive of pleasure but not inherently valuable 147; see also money, poverty

wine, Diogenes on 14–15

Crates rejects 90

other references 98, 107, 120, 123, 134, 178

women, popular misogynistic jokes 71–2

suited to philosophy 100, 172–5

virtue same as man’s 118

world, Diogenes citizen of, 3–4, 12