Many people helped me think about and develop the ideas in this book. Stephen Eric Bronner, Ruth O’Brien, and Frances Fox Piven read various versions of the manuscript with great care, providing me with critical comments and challenging different aspects of my argument. Others gave comments on the manuscript or helped me through our conversations on the subject matter of this book: Sam Aboelela, Stanley Aronowitz, Marshall Berman, Bob Fitch, Philip Green, Dick Howard, Gareth Stedman Jones, Eliot Katz, Antonia Levy, Elena Mancini, John Mason, Charles Noble, Corey Robin, Anne Routon, Joan Tronto, John Wallach, Debbie Wolf, and Gregory Zucker. I would also like to thank my editor at Columbia University Press, Peter Dimock, for his consistent interest in this project and his deeply insightful comments on the manuscript. I would also like to thank Korey Hughes for compiling the index. Of course, it goes without saying that all errors are my own.