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101 Ranch, 30
Abney, Frank, 157–8
academics, high school, 23
Adler, Stella, 45
African Blood Brotherhood, 9
African-American Association (Hawaii), 162–4
Afro-Cuban music, 122–3
Afro-Hawaiian News, 164
after-hours clubs, 30
alcoholism, 10; detoxification, 144–6; mother’s death and, 131–2; post-underground period, 143–5; recovery from, 145–7; relapse after B.S. degree, 152–3
Allen, Cliff, 39
Alves, Bert, 109
American Communist Party: Availables, 126–7; Deep Freeze, 126–7; end of association with, 140–1; fragmentation, 141–2; joining, 53–61; outlawing, 126; White House demonstration, 84–5; white versus Black comrades, 136–40
American Youth Congress, Soviet invasion of Finland, 83–4
Amsterdam News, 9
Anderson, James, 8–10
Anderson, Sam, 150
anonymity, 70–1
anti-Semitism, 39
Arlen, Harold, 32
Armstrong, Louis, 33
Armstrong, Maxie, 33
Ashby, Katherine, 20
Assan, Umar, 162–3
At the Dark End of the Street (McGuire), ix
Availables, 126–7
Baker, Ralph Lenard, 21
Baldwin, Earl, 25
baseball, “Jim Crow in Baseball” campaign, 80–2
Bates, Lee, 66
Bates, Ralph, The Olive Field, 47
Batista regime, 123
Beasley, Joyce, 33
Beaux Arts Ball, 19–21
Bell, Daniel, 153
Benjamin, Robby, 26
Bernstein, Walter, 109
Berry, Abner W., 100–1
Billings, Carol, 148
Bindman, Aaron, 156–7
Black Bolshevik (Haywood), 142
The Black Bourgeoisie (Frazier), 142
Black Cat, 48–9; pocket picking with Marva, 51–2
Black inferiority teachings, 58
Black-owned night spots, 30
Blount, Harvey, 18, 20
“blue-eyed niggers,” 10
Bonus Marchers, 54
bourgeoisie, Black population, 75–6
Boyer, Anice, 33
Bradley, Francine, 48
Bradley, Lyman “Dick,” 48
Brannick, Lacy, 21
breakfast dances, 31
Bromberg, J. Edward, 45
Browder, Earl, 99–101
Brown, Lloyd, 118
Brown, Spencer, 156
Burgum, Edwin Berry, 48
Burke, Leto, 89
Burleigh, Harry T., 17
Burnham, Louis, 66–7, 171
Butler, Marjorie, 156
Butterworth, Charles, 27
Cacchione, Pete, 81–2
Calloway, Cab, 49–50
Calloway, Constance, 17, 20
Camp Wapello, 24–5
Campbell, Allan, 110
Campbell, Jesse, 71
Cape Cod Theater, 46–7
Carlisle, Una Mae, 33
Carmichael, Stokely, 150
Caulfield, Joe, 147
CCNY (City College of New York), Frederick Douglass Society, 66
Chandler, Alice, 159
Cheek, Donald, 151
Chez Clinton, 37–8
Childs, James, 158
Church of the Epiphany, 16–19
Cincinnati Cotton Club, 127–8
Clark, Kenny, 50
Clory, Clyde, 89
Club Ashford, 70–1
Clurman, Harold, 45
Coca, Imogene, 39
Cohen, David Stephen, The Ramapo Mountain People, 10
Cohen, Yvonne, 69
Cold War, 125
Coleman, Sam, 153
Coll, Vincent “Mad Dog,” 28–9
college attendance, 147–8
Collins, Elizabeth, 21
Collins, Henry “Kid,” 21
Columbia School of General Studies, 147–8; Black students, 148–9; graduate program, 153–4; graduate program dropout, 154; The Owl, 148–9
Communist Party: outlaw attempt, 112; Scottsboro case, 59; training schools, 113–14. See also American Communist Party
Communist Political Association origins, 99–100
Communists in Harlem During the Depression (Naison), xiv
Connor, Theophilus Eugene “Bull,” 67
Cooper, Esther, 72
correctional facility teaching, 157–8
Cotton Club: 24th Edition of the Cotton Club Revue, 33; artists, oppression and, 29–30; chorus admittance, 32–3; Coll, Vincent “Mad Dog,” 28–9; family move to New York and, 27–8; female chorus, 33–4; “Flying Colors,” 27; Johnson, Winnie, 26–7; mob purchase, 34; mobsters and, 28–9; owners, 28; Police Benevolent Association, 28; Stark, Herman, 28; upper-class whites, xi; white controllers, xi
The Cotton Club (movie), 33, 160–1
Crockett, George, Jr., 113–14
“Crow-Jimism,” 35
Crowninshield, Eddie, 43
Crowninshield, Ralph, 43
Cuba. See Havana
Cullen, Countee, 47
Curtis, Hycie, 33
Daily Worker, 68
dancing: breakfast dances, 31; the Bump, 21; dollar bill snatching, 31; “kitchen mechanics’ night,” 31–2; postwar service, 95–6; the Shim Sham, 30; Ten Dancing Demons, 32–3
Dangerfield, Lewis, 89
Davis, Benjamin J., 60
Deacons for Justice, 113
Dean, Elwood, 21
Dean, Viola, 43
Debs, Eugene V., xxii
Deep Freeze, 126–7; Cincinnati Cotton Club, 127–8; identity change, 127–8; mistress, 131; mother’s death during, 130–1; New Orleans, 128. See also underground period
DeFreece/Defreese family, 10
Defying Dixie (Gilmore), ix
Degraphenreid, Stephen, 89
DeGroat family, 10; DeGroat, Howard, 11; DeGroat, James, 11; DeGroat, Vivian, 12
detoxification from alcohol (delirium tremens), 144–6
Dennis, Eugene, 75, 102, 104, 141, 142
Devine, Jack, 146–7
Dimitrov, Giorgi, 65; “Unity of the Working Class against Facism” speech, 114–15
“Double V” campaign, 101
Douglass, Frederick, 8; Frederick Douglass Society (CCNY), 66
draft notice, 85–6
Du Bois, W. E. B., 9–10; Church of the Epiphany, 17–18
Dubin, Abe, 69
Duval, Betty, 20
Ebbetts Field, Jackie Robinson Day, 82–3
Eberhardt, Bill, 25
Ellington, Duke: The Apollo, 41–2; Blackness as a composer, 42; Cincinnati Cotton Club, 127–8; the Three Johnsons, 40–2
Elouard, Paul, 119
Encinas, Dionisio, 119
The End of Ideology (Bell), 153
Engels, Frederick (Enge Menaker), 47–8
eroticism, homoerotic tourism, xi–xii
Ethical Culture Schools, 155–6
ethnic background, 4
Evans, Venerable, 23
fashion, 20
Fenton, William, 17
Fieldston School, 155–6
Flegenheimer, Arthur, 28
Fort Huachuca, 89–91
Fort Warren (U.S. Army), 87–8
Foster, William Z.: three inevitables, 126; Toward Soviet America, 115
Four Step Brothers, 90
Frank, Leonard, 146
Frazier, E. Franklin, The Black Bourgeoisie, 142
Frederick Douglass Society (CCNY), 66
Friedlander, Bernie, 109
Frye, Walter, 21
“The Fun Revue,” 21–2
fund drive money, 138–9
Gaither, George, 4
gamblers’ factory, 6–7
Garaudy, Roger, 119
Garland, Walter, 101, 109
Gates, Johnny, 78, 86, 136, 141–3
gay hangouts, 39–40
Geva, Tamara, 27
Gilmore, Glenda, Defying Dixie, ix
Gloster, Bill, 89
Goode, George, 8
Goode, John, 8
Goode, Lethia. See Johnson, Lethia (Goode)
Gordon, Frank, 116–17
Grace, Emily, 48
Grace, Mary, 48
Great Depression, 53–5
Green, “Chuck,” 34
Green, Genevieve, 20
Green, Gil. See Swift, John
Griffith, Peggy, 33
Gruenberg, Ernest, 152–3
Gypsy Rose Lee, 39
HA HA Club, 51
Hamilton, Charles, 150
Hammett, Dashiell, 109–10
Harden, Helen, 21
Hardy, Carolyn, 17
Hardy, Harriet, 17
Harlem: community spirit, 56–7; Negro culture, 57–8; riot of 1935, 55–6; tourism in, 36
Harlem Renaissance, 13; Beaux Arts Ball, 19–21; Cotton Club purchase, 34; cultural hybridization, 35; “The Fun Revue,” 21–2; immigrants and, 35; nightspots, 34; Renaissance name use, 5; tourism, 36
Harlem Youth Congress, 67–8
Harriet Tubman Society (Hunter College), 66
Harris, Bob, 127–8
Harris, Burke, 23
Havana: Americans’ passage to Mexico, 130; heroin use, 123; mistress, 131; Popular Socialist Party convention, 121–5; prostitution, 124; underground period, 129–30; visit while underground, 127
Hawaii years, 162–5
Haywood, Harry, 9; Black Bolshevik, 142
Hearst, William Randolph (Mrs.), 43
Herndon, Angelo, 60
heroin use in Cuba, 123
Heywood, Billy, 39
Hill, Dudley, 20
Hines, Jimmy, 28
Hitch, Ann, 148, 162
Hobsbawm, Eric, The Jazz Scene, 110–11
Hodges, Everett, 158
Hoffer, Eric, True Believer, 76
Hoffman, Robert, 22
Holiday, Billie, 30; UNAVA fundraiser and, 110–11
Holly, Edna Mae, 33
homoerotic tourism, xi–xii
homosexuality: casting couch, 39; clubs, 30; gay hangouts, 39–40; IBPOE (Negro Elks), 130; Moore, Clinton, 37–8; oral sex for money, 40; “rough trade,” 47
Hopkins, Terry, 153
Horne, Lena, 29, 33
Hotel Woodside, 39
Hitler, Adolf, 57
HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee), 83
Hubbard, Earl, 90
Hudson Dusters, 6
Hughes, Langston, xxii, 13, 57, 170
Huiswood, Otto, 9
Hunter College Harriet Tubman Society, 66
Hurston, Zora Neale, xix, xxii
hustlers, 5–7
hypnotic regression experience, 14–15
identity change, 127–8
inevitables, 126
Inkeles, Alexander, 152–3
interracial ancestry: mythologies, 11; Ramapo Mountain People, 10, 11–12
interracial marriage, 68–9
Italy: attitudes toward Black troops, 98–9; war years, 96–7
Jackson, Burt, 101, 109
Jackson, James E., 72
Jackson Blacks, 10, 11
Jackson Whites, 10, 11
James, Daniel, 107
The Jazz Scene (Hobsbawm), 110–11
JBS (Junior Bachelor Society), 18–19; Beaux Arts Ball, 19–21
Jefferson School of Social Science, 114
Jim Crow laws: “Jim Crow in Baseball” campaign, 80–2; SNYC convention trip (1941), 72–4; U.S. Army and, 100–1
Jimmy Lunceford Band, 50
job losses due to communist associations, 146
Johnson, Arnold, 118
Johnson, Charlie, 89
Johnson, Corinne, 10
Johnson, Emerson, 17
Johnson, Eugene, 4
Johnson, Gertrude (McGinnis), 10; family, 12–13
Johnson, Howard “Monk”: hustles, 5–7; nickname, 4; sports, 4–5, 7–8, 80–1
Johnson, Howard “Stretch”: academics, 23; community connections, ix–x; early socialist outlook, 23; final years, 166–7; marriage to Martha Sherman, 77–8; name origins, 4; personal issues, xiii; sports, school, 22–3
Johnson, James P. (J.P.), 14
Johnson, Lethia (Goode), 4; Douglass, Frederick, 8; family, 8–9
Johnson, Martha, 77; college years, 148; marriage, 77–8; Deep Freeze and, 126–7; interracial, 68–9; parents, 3–4; post-underground period, 142–4; South Pacific, 144
Johnson, Mildred, 19
Johnson, Robert “Bobby” Quentin, 15
Johnson, Shirley Gertrude, 15; the Three Johnsons, 43
Johnson, Van, 39
Johnson, Wesley Williams, 15, 145
Johnson, Winnie, 11–12, 15; abortion, 43; Cotton Club, 26–7; “The Fun Revue,” 21–2; lovers, 33; male companions, xi; pregnancy, 42–3; Stepin Fetchit, 47, 149
Jones, Claudia, 99
Jones, John Hudson, 68
Jones, “Lanky,” 24
Junior Branch of the NAACP, 18–19
Katz, Saul, 68–9
Kelly, Patsy, 27
Kennedy, Joseph, 43
Khrushchev revelations, 135–6; author’s reactions, 142–5
King, Martin Luther, Jr., viii, xviii, xxiv, 27, 67, 110, 142, 150, 154, 162–5
Kings County Hospital, 142–54
Kinoy, Arthur, 72
“kitchen mechanics’ night,” 31–2
Koehler, Ted, 32
Lambright, Middleton, 34
Lampell, Millard, 109
language of insiders, 32
Lawrenson, Helen, Stranger at the Party, 43–4
Lawrenson, Joanna, 43–4
Lee, Canada, 34
Lee, Gypsy Rose. See Gypsy Rose Lee
Leftwich, Ed, 158
Lenox Club, 30
Lindbergh, Charles, 17
Lindsay, Robert, 89
Little, Malcolm. See Malcolm X
“Little Monk” nickname, 4
Locke, Alain, 34
Long, Avon, 32
Louis, Joe, xi, 58
Luce, Clare Boothe, 43
Luce, Henry, 43
lynch mobs during the Great Depression, 55
MacCormick, Dolly, 33
Maceo, 90
Madden, Owney, 6, 28
Majors, Harold, 21
Malcolm X, 76; Johnson’s similarities, xi; Perry, Donald Martin and, 151
Malraux, André, Man’s Hope, 47
Manhattanville Club, 70
Mann family, 10
Man’s Hope (Malraux), 47
Marcantonio, Vito, 116–17
Marie of Romania (Grand Duchesse), 43
marijuana, 34
Marinello, Juan, 119, 122
marriage: Deep Freeze and, 126–7; interracial, 68–9; parents’, 3–4; post-underground period, 142–4
Marsh, Bertha (Bea), 12, 13
Marsh, John, 12
Marsh, Linton, 20
Marsh, Peter, 12–13
Marsh, Sarah, 12
Marsh, Tina, 12, 13
Marshall, Arlene, 33
Marva, 50, 51
Maxwell, Elsa, party for Cole Porter, 42–4
McCarthy era, 126–7; Communist Party move to underground, xiii
McClendon, Rose, 43, 44
McDuffie, Eric, Sojourning for Freedom, ix
McGinnis, Albert, 12
McGinnis, Frank, 10
McGinnis, Gertrude. See Johnson, Gertrude (McGinnis)
McGinnis, Helen, 12
McGinnis, May, 12, 13
McGinnis, Sanford, 12
McGinnis, Theodore, 12
McGuire, Danielle, At the Dark End of the Street, ix
McKay, Claude, xxii, 13, 47
Medina, Harold, 115–16
Melman, Seymour, 148–9
Menaker, Bob, 48
Menaker, Enge. See Engels, Frederick
Menaker, Pete, 48
Meroe Society (NYU), 66
Messick, Kerchival, 17
Mexico City, Western Hemisphere Peace Conference, 118–21
Mid–Hudson Valley Minority Regional Congress, 159
Miles, Jesse, 22
Miller, Taps, 40–1
Milligan, “Swat,” 12–13
Milligan Alley, 12–13
mobsters: Black admittance, 32; Black Cat, 48–9; Cotton Club and, 28–9; Cotton Club purchase, 34
Monagas, Lionel, 43
money from fund drive, 138–9
Monk Johnson. See Johnson, Howard “Monk”
Monroe, Jack, 50–1
Moore, Alline, 107
Moore, Clinton, 37–8
Moore, Tallmadge, 107
Moore, Teddy, 18, 20
Morris, Chick, 43
Morrison, Allan, 101
Morrows family, 17
Mount Folgorito (U.S. Army service), 92–8
Murphy, George, 101, 109
NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), 58–9; Johnson, Mildred, 19; Junior Branch, 18–19
Naison, Mark D., Communists in Harlem During the Depression, xiv
Nash, Catherine, 33
National Negro League (baseball), 80–2
National Training School, 71–2
Negro culture, 57–8
Negro Peoples’ Theater, 44–5
the Negro Question, 9
New Faces of 1936, 38–40
New Faces of 1937, 46
New Orleans, 128
New York City, family’s move to, 27–8
Newton, Frankie, 111
Nichols, Laura, 21
NYU (New York University), Meroe Society, 66
Odets, Clifford, 45
The Olive Field (Bates), 47
Oliver, Clinton, 70
Oliver, Sy, 86
Olley, Rae, 20
Ordoqui, Juan, 122–5
Osbiny Club, 44
Overby, Irving, 26
Paine, Benny, 86
Parker, Dorothy, 110
Parker, Joe, 18
party money from fund drive, 138–9
Party Voice, 114
passing (for white), 13, 58; Ziegfeld Follies dancers, 27
Paz, Octavio, 119
Peekskill attacks, 117–18
Peña, Lazaro, 130
Peniston, Freddie, 17
Perl, Arnold, 109
Perlo, Victor, 48
Perry, Donald Martin, 149–51
phrase mongering, 153
Pickens, William G., Church of the Epiphany, 17–18
Pierce, Marian, 39
plain Marxists, 149
pocket picking with Marva, 51–2
Pod’s and Jerry’s, 30
poker games, 47
Police Benevolent Association, 28
Political Affairs: “Against White Chauvinism and Bourgeois Nationalism,” 136–40; articles written while underground, 127; “The Negro Veteran Fights for Freedom,” 104
Popular Socialist Party convention (Cuba), 121–5
Possano family, 97–8
postwar years, 99–111
pot (marijuana), 34
Powell, Adam Clayton, 34
Prado, Perez, 123
Procope, Russell, 86
prostitution in Havana, 124
Publishers Typographic Service, 146–7
The Puzzle Palace, 87
race pride, Johnson’s, x
racially mixed family, Johnson’s, x
racism: in Black community, 14–15. See also anti-Semitism
Radium Club, 30
Ragland, Rags, 39
Ramapo Mountain People, 10, 11–12
The Ramapo Mountain People (Cohen), 10
Randolph, A. Philip, 81
Randolph, Bertha, 18, 19
Raymond, “Do-Do,” 23
Red Channels, 77
“Red scare” (1940), 69
Redd, Paul, 159
relief (welfare), 54
religion: Church of the Epiphany, 16–18; social mobility and, 15–17
Renaissance. See Harlem Renaissance
rent parties, 55–6
Rhodes, Florence, 17
Rhodes, Gene, 21
Rickey, Branch, 81–2
Rico, Hettore, 96–7
Riley, Cyril, 18
Rivera, Lino, 55
Robeson, Paul: American Legionnaires attack, 117–18; Church of the Epiphany, 17–18
Robinson, Bill “Bojangles,” xi; Jackie Robinson Day at Ebbetts Field, 82–3; Johnson, Winnie and, 21–2, 26–7
Robinson, Jackie, 82–3
Robinson, Marie, 33
Robinson, Sugar Ray, 33
Roca, Blas, 123, 125, 127, 129–30
Rodney, Lester, 81
Rodriguez, Carlos Rafael, 119, 122, 130
Rogers, Jean, 77
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 71
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 54
Rosenberg, Julius and Ethel, 126–7
Ross, Carl, 72; Young Communist Review, 75
Ross, Claudia, 72–5
Rothstein, Arnold, 28
“rough trade,” 47
Rousseauian vote principle, 141
Rudd, Mark, 153–4
Rutherford, Tommie, 39
Scales, Junius, 109
Schrank, Bob, 72
Schultz, “Dutch” (Arthur Flegenheimer), 28
SCORE (Strand Community Organization to Rehabilitate the Environment), 158
Scottsboro Boys, xii, xxiii, 44
Scottsboro case, Communist Party and, 59
SDS (Students for a Democratic Society), 153–4
segregation: baseball leagues, 80–2; U.S. Army, 92–3
shades of skin color, 14
Shaw, Bertha, 68–9
Sherman, Charlie, 77
Sherman, Joe, 77
Sherman, Martha, 77–8; marriage: Deep Freeze and, 126–7; interracial, 68–9; parents, 3–4; post-underground period, 142–4
Sherman, Zelda, 77
Shim-Sham Club, 30
the Shim Sham (dance), 30
Silvera, Johnnie, 21
Silvera, Rennie, 18, 20, 21
Simon, Abbott, 71–2
Siquieros, Alfredo, 119
skin color ideology, 14, 151–2
Skrontch, 32
“The Skrontch,” 41
Small’s Paradise, 31; Young Communist League and, 65
Smart, Jack, 39
Smith, Florence, 107
Smith, Moranda, 105–6
Smith, Roscoe, 107
Smith, Verna, 48
Smith, Willie “the Lion,” 14
Smith Act indictments, 113–18
SNYC (Southern Negro Youth Congress), 67; convention (1941), 72–4
social breakdown syndrome, 152–3
social mobility, religion and, 15–17
socialism, early outlook, 23
Sojourning for Freedom (McDuffie), ix
Soviet Power (Dean of Canterbury), 69
Soviet Union: invasion of Finland, 83–4; Nazi invasion, 85; White House demonstration, 84–5
Soviet–German Nazi nonaggression pact, 79–80
Sparrow, Bea, 17
Sparrow, Lawrence, 17, 21
Special Services unit (U.S. Army), 86
Spencer, Amy, 33, 49–50
sports: Jim Crow in major league baseball, 80–2; Johnson, Howard “Monk,” 4–5, 7–8; polo matches, 23; school, 22–3
Stalin, Joseph, xiii, xxiii, 9, 76, 84, 135, 137, 140, 142–4, 147
Stark, Herman, 28
Starobin, Joseph, 118, 153
Stepin Fetchit (Lincoln Theodore Monroe Andrew Perry), xi; abuse of Winnie, 149; marriage to Winnie, 47
Stith, Burditt, 18
Stranger at the Party (Lawrenson), 43–4
Strayhorn, Billy, 143
Strong, Augusta, 72
Strong, Ed, 72
Students for a Democratic Society. See SDS
submarines, 71–2
Sugar Hill branch of Young Communist League, 70
SUNY New Paltz, 156–9
Swan and Lee (comedians), 32
Swift, John (Gil Green), 130
Syzmanski, Al, 153–4
Ten Dancing Demons, 32–3
Terhune, Albert Payson, 10
terminal leave campaign (UNAVA), 101–11
Terrell, Prince, 18
The Apollo, Ellington and, 41–2
The Theory of the Leisure Class (Veblen), 47–8
Third Period, 114–15
Thomas, Edna, 43
Thompson, Bob, 153
Thompson, Thelma, 20
three inevitables, 126
the Three Johnsons, 38–9; breakup, 40, 46; Ellington gig, 40–2; Johnson, Shirley, 43; “The Skrontch,” 41
Tilary, Albert, 17, 21
Titoism, 119–20
Toledano, Vincente Lombardo, 120
Toward Soviet America (Foster), 115
trade unions, 135–6
training schools, 113–14
tri-racial isolate groups, 10–11
True Believer (Hoffer), 76
UNAVA (United Negro and Allied Veterans of America), 82; accreditation, 112–13; fundraiser, 109–11; Hammett, Dashiell, contribution, 109–10; High Point, N.C., 107–8; Holiday, Billie, 110–11; shutdown, 113; South Carolina chapters, 109; terminal leave campaign, 101–11
underground period, 126–7; Cincinnati Cotton Club, 127–8; Havana, 129–30; identity change, 127; marriage and, 142–3; mistress, 131; New Orleans, 128–9. See also Deep Freeze
unemployment: Blacks and, 54–5; rent parties, 55–6
unions. See trade unions
Upward Bound program, 155–6
U.S. Army, xiii; Jim Crow, 100–1; segregation, 92–3
U.S. Army service: Blacks in combat, 88–9; Buffalo soldiers, 89; Fort Huachuca, 89–92; Fort Warren, 87–8; injury, 95–6; Mount Folgorito, 92–8; OCS (Officer Candidate School), 92–3; Quartermaster troops, 86–7; Special Services, 86; white man’s war, 88
Van Dunk family, 10–11; Pooch, 12
Veblen, Thorstein, The Theory of the Leisure Class, 47–8
Verwayne, Percy, 43
vibraphone, 50
Von der Doncken, Adrian, 10
Wagner, Dan, 155–6
Waiting for Lefty, 44–5
Walters, Henry, 89
Warenetzky, Jack, 157
Warren, Sadie, 9–10
Waters, Ethel, 32
Webb, Chick, 31
Webb, Clifton, 27
Webb, Elida, 27
Wells, Dickey, 30–1
Western Hemisphere Peace Conference (Mexico City), 118–21
Whisonant, Larry, 90
white chauvinism in the Communist Party, 136–40
White House demonstration, 84–5
white man’s war, 88
whites: communists, xii; Cotton Club controllers, xi; Harlem homoerotic tourism, xi–xii
Williams, Alexander, 24
Williams, Kenneth, 106
Williamson, Mel, 149
Wilson, Lucille, 33
Winfrey, Claude, 13
Wing, Dan, 17
Winston, Henry, 99, 102, 104, 130, 141
Wofsy, Malcolm, 70; alcohol relapse and, 152–3
Woodruff, Kenneth, 21
World Series rigging, 28
Wright, Jimmy, 40
Wright, Julia, 166–7
YCL (Young Communist League), xii, 65–6; anonymity, 70–1; Club Ashford, 70–1; Convoy Club, 84–5; Furriers Club, 84–5; Harlem Youth Congress, 67–8; “Jim Crow in Baseball” campaign, 80–2; Local 65 Club, 84–5; Manhattanville Club, 70; organization, xiii; “Red scare” (1940), 69; submarines, 71–2; Sugar Hill branch, 70
Young, Coleman, 82
Young Communist Review, 75
Yugoslav communists, 119–20