Notes

1 Bean (1915), ‘Our Reputation’.

2 Barrett and Deane (1918).

3 The Singleton Argus, 20 March 1915.

4 Barrett and Deane (1918).

5 AWM 27/376/200.

6 The Argus, 25 January 1915.

7 AWM 3DRL/2222 5/7.

8 AWM MSS453.

9 AWM M1787 3710/201.

10 Butler (1938).

11 NAA CP359/2.

12 The Argus, 19 July 1915.

13 The Argus, 26 July 1915.

14 The Sydney Morning Herald, 4 November 1915.

15 The Mercury, 7 August 1915.

16 NAA B539 AIF125/1/1012 409042.

17 The Argus, 27 October 1915.

18 NLA MS1454.

19 See Appendix A.

20 The initials ‘SRD’ marked on the earthenware rum jars stood for the British Admiralty’s Supply Reserve Depot, located at Deptford on the River Thames near London. The depot was expanded during the First World War to also supply the British and dominion armies with many items, including the rum.

21 Some of the picturesque AIF slang words associated with drinking and drunkenness that passed into Australian vernacular language included ‘blotto’, ‘canned’, ‘gay and frisky’ (whisky), ‘joy juice’, ‘oiled’, ‘shick’ and ‘shickered’, ‘stung’, ‘tanked up’, and ‘vin blank’ and ‘vin roush’, all of which appear in Downing (1990) and the Glossary of Slang website.

22 The Medical Journal of Australia, 11 September 1915.

23 Official VD statistics reported in AWM 41/1433 and Butler (1943) were incomplete. Statistics used by the former were those to September 1918, and Butler’s were to March 1919; however, the army VD hospital at Bulford operated until November 1919, and, at Langwarrin, the army hospital was still admitting new patients in 1920. As well, identical categories of data were not collected uniformly throughout the war, and there are certain periods and also places when no or little data was apparently collected or reported by AAMC doctors. The official data could not also include estimates of the number of men not treated by army doctors; for example, those who successfully self-treated, or were treated by private physicians. The official data, however, clearly indicates that at least 60,000 men received abortive or hospital treatment for VD between 1914 and 1919. This represents about 14–15 per cent of the 417,000 men enlisted for service in Australia and abroad. The percentage for just the 332,000 AIF men who served overseas was about the same, but higher if an estimate of unrecorded infections is included.

24 The Canberra Times, 22 April 1967, an article describing how the Australian defence department intended to give US soldiers coming to Australia for R and R ‘thorough medical checks’ to prevent introduction of the ‘new Asian strains’ of VD.

25 The information collated to produce this appendix came especially from wartime articles in The Medical Journal of Australia, Langdon-Brown and Murphy (1915), various documents from the Langwarrin isolation hospital contained in NLA MS1454, and other sources, including Butler (1943), listed in the bibliography.

26 Rout (1922).

27 NLA MS1454.

28 The Medical Journal of Australia, 9 June 1917.