INDEX

1st Chemainus troop 223

1st Tashme troop 240

2nd Chemainus troop 212, 229

Age of Enlightenment 59

Alert Bay 12, 16

Allester, Pat 92

assimilation 46, 49, 156-157, 166, 168-169, 191, 232

Atsugi 267

B.C. Security Commission 120, 234, 240, 265

Baden-Powell, Lord 212, 229

Bare Point 45-46, 96-98, 152, 158, 166, 194, 275

lighthouse 258, 264

Barkley Sound 13

baseball 107, 109, 277

Asahi team 107

Chemainus all-star team 107, 109

Cowichan Indian team 108

Cumberland Japanese team 108

House of David team 109

Kansas City Monarchs 109

Nippon team 107-109, 273

Port Alberni team 108

Zulu Giants 109

Bay Farm 120

Bellingham 228

Black camp 179

Bloedel16

Bowser 16

Boxer Rebellion 186

boy scouts 22, 57, 64-65, 111, 123, 212-214, 223-224, 228-229, 232, 234.237, 240-24’. 249-250, 261, 271, 277-278

Lone Scouts of America 223

Britain 14

Campbell River 15, 259

canneries 13, 125

Cathey, Gordon 97-98

Chang, Ning 44, 47, 52, 63

Chemainus 12, 14-15, 18, 29-32, 37, 40, 42-44, 46, 48, 50-51, 53-55, 57, 59, 62, 64-65, 68, 70, 79, 90, 92-95, 98, 100-102, 104, 108-109, 115-120, 122-123, 126-128, 131, 134, 138-139, 141, 145, 148-149, 153, 155, 157-159, 164, 169, 173-174, 176-178, 183, 185-187, 190-191, 194, 196-197, 202, 212-213, 215, 219, 224-227, 229-230, 232-233, 237-238, 240, 243, 245-246, 249, 252-253, 255, 257-259, 261-262, 270, 272-273, 276

businesses 44

murals 21-22, 123, 272

murals, “The Lone

Scout” 24-25, 212, 244, 273, 276

murals, “The Winning

Float” 274, 276

reunion 21, 23-25, 28, 57, 92, 124, 164, 186, 211, 270-271, 273, 275, 277, 279

Chemainus cemetery 23, 36, 91

desecration of graves 22-23, 91-92, 138-139, 231, 274, 276

memorial monument 22, 26, 57, 138-139, 244, 274-276

Chemainus Harbour 97, 278

cargo ships 172

clam digging 152, 171

Chemainus River 145, 276

Chemainus Valley 19-27

Chimunesu 23-24, 279

Chinatown 106-107, 110, 128, 130, 143, 153, 264

Victoria 215

churches

Anglican 183, 212

Buddhist 264

Christian 10, 23, 192

civil rights

infringement of 51, 131, 177, 239, 261, 265

lifting of restrictions 18, 55, 182

restriction of 18, 25, 77-78, 116, 120, 180-182, 198, 237

Clanwilliam, Manitoba 273

coal mining 15

Cole, Dudley 259, 262

communal bath 64, 70, 142, 270

community halls 13, 66, 113, 127, 130, 194, 243, 250, 263, 271

Japanese 168

community leaders 62, 93, 194, 212

Comox Valley 11-12, 262

Coombs 16

Cordova Bay 11-12

Costerton, Rev. Harry 23, 244

Cowichan Bay 71, 189

Cowichan Valley 15, 18-19, 61, 118, 140, 144, 176, 260

Cowichan Valley

Baden-Powell Guild 278

Crofton 11, 246, 255

Crucil, Frank and Mary Anne 79

Cumberland 11, 15, 18, 262-263

curfew 50, 117

Custodian of Enemy

Property 116

deaths

accidental 100

drowning 98

in childbirth 33

pneumonia 36

infant mortality 36, 141, 229

Deep Bay Logging Company 15

Depression, effects of 37, 44, 48, 68, 100, 103-105, 128, 145, 171-172, 187, 193, 234

disenfranchisement 17

Dodd Narrows 261

Duncan u, 15, 18, 60, 70-71, 104, 106, 108-109, 111, 141, 145-147, 153-154, 187, 190, 201, 221, 233, 237

Dunsmuir, James 215

Dwyer’s Confectionary 43

Dyke, Miss 90

Easter egg hunt 40

education 201, 250, 268

discipline 144, 191, 218

internment camps 265

Japanese 37, 101, 231

language 37, 90, 101, 140, 190, 219-220

public school 167-169, 172, 190, 193, 197-198, 200, 217, 219, 232

public school graduation 195

women 13, 37, 111, 125

electricity 100, 219

emigration, to Japan 41

Empress camp 179

Empress Hotel 18

Englewood 16

Enzan 214, 231

Esquimalt Harbour 9

Etobicoke 185

evacuation 18, 21, 24, 53, 116, 133, 159, 177, 186, 237-238, 263

families

reunited 201, 242

separation of 32-33, 37-38, 41, 51, 54, 99, 101-102, 105, 114-116, 118, 129, 132, 134, 158, 162-164, 178, 181-182, 187, 197, 200, 227, 231, 235, 239, 241, 244-246, 258, 263, 267-268, 272

Fanny Bay 16

First World War 11, 14, 16, 95, 254

fishermen 18

fishing 41, 250-252, 254-255

fishing licences, nikkei 12

Fort William 29, 56, 120, 268, 272

Fraser Canyon 199

Fraser River 12, 224, 261, 264

Fraser Valley 178, 199

Fresno, California 214

Fujimoto, Akiko (a.k.a. Jenny) 166, 177-178, 182

Fujimoto, Tairyu 165-166, 169-170, 175, 275

fujinkai 193

fukeiki 193

Fukuoka 38, 59-60

Fuller Lake 219

funerals 96, 141, 148, 199

Shinto-Buddist rites 230

Gabriel, Charles 10

Galiano Island 12, 253, 258

gambari-ya 178

Gear, Teddy 255

Genoa Bay 140-141, 163-164, 187-189

Germany 14

Gihei, Kawahara 42, 48-51, 53

Grant, Vera Fraser 186, 191

Gulf Islands 9, 11-12

hahanokai 193

Hakone 163

hakujin 31, 39-41, 44, 49-51, 73, 103, 107, 186, 191-192, 198

hakujin community 73

Halheds, the 152

Hamilton 137

Hashimoto, Koto 155

Hastings Park 30-31, 53-54, 76-77, 117-118, 134, 136-137, 177, 197-198, 239, 264, 277

hospital 31

Hatley Park 215

Hawaii 59, 93

Hayashi, Sadako 112-113, 118, 195

health care 13, 40, 95, 120, 165, 174, 199

childbirth 188, 216

hospital births 48, 54, 103, 115, 129, 227, 229, 231, 265

hospitals 149

midwifery 102-103, 215-216

mill employees 169

Higashi, Harunobu 104, 127

Higashi, Yoshi 49-50, 175-176, 249-250, 252

Hikida, Tazu 125

Hillcrest 15, 61-62, 221, 237

Hillcrest Lumber Company 61

Hing, Hong 153, 247-248

Hirohito, Emperor 72

Hiroshima 186-188, 202

Horseshoe Bay 46, 128

Horseshoe Bay Inn 146, 155, 233

housing 13, 47, 181, 239-240, 246

Howe, Anna 219

Howe, Jack 216

Howe, Matthew 102, 152, 215, 217, 225

Humbird, John 65, 68-70, 103-105

hurricane 257

Imagama, Iwajiro 169-173, 175, 177, 183

immigration, reasons for 9, 11, 16, 32, 59-60, 93, 101-102, 114, 140, 163, 187, 214, 245-246

women 16

Inouye, Michio 174

internment 24, 75

internment camps 134, 239, 268

housing 54, 79, 120, 198-199, 265

Isoki, Chizuru 37-40, 192-193, 245

Isoki, Hanaye (nee: Nakauchi)20, 243-269, 271

Isoki, Ichio 245

Isoki, Isoyo 32-33

Isoki, Jiroichi 32, 34-35, 41, 43-45, 47, 244-246, 251-252, 258, 268

Isoki, Kikuno 268

Isoki, Misako 35-39, 41-42, 245

Isoki, Shunichi 20, 22, 28, 34, 37, 41, 136-139, 224, 243-269, 271, 275

Isoki, Shyobu 32-33, 35-40, 42, 47, 244, 246, 258, 268

Isoki, Stanley 266

Isoki, Tanezo 245-246

Isoki, Yoneji 26, 36, 245, 275

issei 17, 26-27, 46, 60, 67, 72, 156-157, 177, 186, 212, 215, 220, 223, 245, 251-252, 255, 26l

Izumi, Chiyo (nee: Hashimoto) 136-161

Izumi, Goshichi 140-141, 147-148, 152, 157-160, 175

Izumi, Haruo 137-138, 141

Izumi, Kaname 65-67, 71, 74, 136-161, 238, 265, 267, 271, 275, 279

birth 141

Izumi, Mitsuo 142, 151-152, 180-182

Izumi, Nobuyuki 26, 141, 275

Izumi, Satoshi 142-144, 151-152, 233

Izumi, Towa 26, 140-141, 144, 146-148, 153, 158, 275

Izumi, Toyo 146, 151, 153

Jackfish camp 177-180, 239

Jackson, Haley 117

Japan 14, 73, 257-258

navy 9, 14, 160, 235, 240

post war conditions 266, 268

Japanese Bazaar 10

Japanese prison camps 24

jijikai 101, 131

Joker 244, 246, 250-251, 253-256, 258-264

Juan de Fuca Strait 228, 259

judo 63, 127

Kagetsu Camp 16

Kakuemon, Taiji 245

Kamino, Toshiye (nee: Yoshida) 175, 185-202, 271

Kamino, Yasuo 185, 200-202

Kasahara, Bari 65

Kawabe, Kaz 194

Kawabe, Tomoki 25, 131, 238

Kawahara camp 23, 31, 33-34, 43, 63, 93, 101, 114, 128, 165, 169, 175, 190, 192, 194, 226, 243, 247, 263, 270

Kawahara, Brian 48-50, 52-53, 79

Kawahara, Dick 56

Kawahara, Gihei 58-63, 65, 69-70, 72-76, 79, 246-247, 262-263, 277

Kawahara, Hana 29-30

Kawahara, Kiyoko 51

Kawahara, Noboru 43

Kawahara, Shigeri (nee: Takahara) 47-48, 51, 58-62, 65, 263

Kawahara, Shirley 29-31, 54, 79

Kawahara, Takayoshi (a.k.a. Tommy) 28-31, 42, 46-54, 55-80, 224, 270-271

Kawahara, Tom 48-50, 52-53, 79

Kawahara, Yoshiko (nee: Isoki) 28-54, 55-57, 65-68, 70, 72, 74, 76-77, 79, 245, 271, 275

Kawaharas’ pool hall 63

Kawaharas’ store 57, 110

Kawano Sewing School 196

Kawauchimura 93

kesho-mawashi 65

Kildonan 13

King, Mackenzie 74, 265

Kogawa, Joy 20

Koksilah 71

Konkui House 71, 233

koto 106, 113-114

Koyanagi, Chomatsu 254

Kumamoto 140, 159-160

Kuper Island 20, 90, 144, 252-253, 264

Kurihama 266

Kuwabara, Bumpei 214

Kuwahara, Mitsue (nee: Yoshida) 228, 230-231, 236, 272

Kyushu Island 10-11, 140

labour 120

accidents 149, 173, 176

coal miners’ strike 215

conditions 11, 16, 69, 100-101, 150, 174

discrimination in 12-13, 17, 41, 69, 176, 182, 201, 252, 257

farming 11

post-evacuation 117

wages 101, 103-104

wages (fishing) 254

labour, men 15, 31, 70, 100-101, 120, 140-141, 170-171, 182, 187, 215, 222, 228, 232, 250, 252, 268

booming 95, 149

domestic 9

farming 144

fishing 12-13, 41, 92, 246, 257-260

logging 14, 61, 93, 145, 173, 188, 265

mining 11

pulp mills 77

sawmills 45, 103, 127, 141, 148, 166, 175, 190, 194, 220

whaling 15, 32, 34-35, 245-246

labour, women 17, 41, 125, 200-202, 223

canneries 29, 41

domestic 33, 38-39, 48, 61, 63, 98, 130, 141-142, 149, 151, 165, 167, 188, 190, 219-220, 231, 228

teaching 265

wages 39, 125, 135, 200

waitress 135

Lady smith 19, 69, 109-110, 142, 194, 215, 232

Lake Ontario 136

Lake Superior 29, 177

language schools 10, 13, 17-18, 44, 63-64, 93, 101, 106, 127, 194-195, 261, 263, 271

Lasqueti Island 260

Lemon Creek 29-30, 54-55, 78, 134, 136-137, 159, 265, 268

Lethbridge 239

Lighthouse Bay 254

MacKay Lake 173

Mackenzie, Ian 197

Madokoro, Michiharu 139, 152-153

Madokoro, Sunao (nee: Izumi) 136-161, 275

Manchuria 41, 266-267

Maple Bay 71, 246

marriage 95, 153-154, 183, 201-202

arranged 29, 42, 60, 93, 95, 110, 125, 154, 188, 214, 224-225, 258, 262

Shinto-Buddhist 60

matsu take 35

Matsui, Juji 199

Matsuo, Eichi 187

Matsuo, Okiye 187-188

Mayne Island 12, 18, 251

Mayo 174-176, 178, 187, 189-190

McGinnis, Harvey 97-98

Medicine Hat 137

Meiji, Emperor 59, 187

Meiji era 59

men, widowed 95-96, 148, 188

military

recruitment 157

volunteers 233, 240

Mill Bay 43

Mitomimura 242

Mizuta, Miki 94-95, 98, 102-103, 110, 216

Moose Jaw 78, 241

Mount Brenton 256

Mount Tzuhalem 189

Murakami, Bishop Toshi 276

Nagasawa, Minoru 259-261

Nakahara, Aiko (nee: Higashi) 27, 193-194, 197-198

Nakahara, Genichi 37, 259, 261

Nakahara, Mine and Ichinosuke 41

Nakashima, Giichi 62, 246

Nakatsu, Fude 45-46

Nakatsu, Kanichi 45, 258-259, 261-262

Nanaimo 11-12, 15-16, 18, 116, 132, 155, 221, 224, 261-262

Nanoose Bay 16

Nass River 12

Natives 20, 90, 96-97, 128, 214, 233, 253

Nelson 78

New Westminster 18, 224

Newcastle Island 12

nikkei 9-10, 12-18

nisei 17, 27, 49

Nishimura, Kiyoshi 171-172, 179-182

Nishimura, Masaye 63, 157

Nishimura, Miyoko 33

Nishimura, Yasumi 194

O-bon 23, 36, 91, 111, 139, 141, 231, 276

odori 90

ofuro 270

Ohashi, Mikiko 183

Okada camp 45, 91, 93, 96, 105, 107, 114, 116-117, 119, 128, 141-142, 158, 162-165, 172, 261, 278-279

Okada, Bukichi 93-96, 98-100, 107, 110, 114

Okada, Haruyuki 93, 116

Okada, Hitoshi 89-121, 273, 275, 277, 279

Okada, Karen 120

Okada, Miki 26, 275

Okada, Osamu 93, 116, 150-151, 156, 161

Okada, Rakuju 93, 95, 98-99, 114

Okada, Richard 115, 117, 120

Okada, Ryoichi 93, 116

Okada, Satoru 95-96

Okada, Shizuka (nee: Taniwa)27, 89-121, 275

Okada, Takeshi 26, 95-100, 109-110, 217, 275

Okada, Tamotsu 95, 99

okaeshi 117

Okinobu, Otoji 72, 131, 196, 261-262

Ontario 239

Osaka 12, 267

Osawa Hotel 140, 214

Osborn Bay 255

Ota, Shimo (nee: Takahashi) 224-225, 241

Ota, Suketaro 224, 241

Otsu, Mataharu (a.k.a. Mutt) 162-184, 274-275, 279

birth 164

Otsu, Mitsuhara (a.k.a. Mits) 166, 168, 170

Otsu, Shinjiro 163-165

Otsu, Tsune 163-171, 176-177, 183

Otsu, Yasuyo (a.k.a. Pat) 166, 168, 177, 183

birth 164

Otsu, Yoshiharu (a.k.a. Don) 165-166

Ouchi, Chiyoko (nee: Kawahara) 52-53, 62, 271

Paige, Satchel 109

Paldi 15, 145, 148-149, 237

Parade, July 1 66, 68-70, 271

Parnell, Jerome 20

Pearl Harbor 9, 18, 49, 73, 115, 130-131, 157, 176, 196, 198, 234, 261, 278

Pender Island 251

Penelakut Indian Band 20

Petawawa 178

Philippines 235

picture brides 11, 60

Porlier Pass 253-254, 258, 264

Port Alberni 13-15, 18, 108

Port Alice 16, 18

Port Arthur 56

Port McNeill 16

Powell River harbour 260

Powell Street 187

Price, George 271, 278

Price, Jessie 278

Princess Adelaide 53, 118, 177, 238, 264, 272

prisoner of war 178, 180-181

camps 267

property

confiscation of 50, 74, 131, 234, 261, 264

destroyed 262

lost or stolen 52, 91, 236

sold 55, 79, 120, 262

vandalized 119

Puck, Tong 247

Quadra Island 12

Qualicum Beach 259

racism 201, 233, 257

effects on immigration 16

politics of 73, 120-121, 197

post-war 25

RCMP 18, 24, 50-51, 74, 76, 78, 131, 158-159, 198, 237-238, 261, 277

redress 186

religion

Christian 177, 199

Shinto 66

Shinto Buddhism 22, 148, 159

relocation 55, 120, 134, 238

repatriation 161, 241, 266, 268

residential school 20, 128, 144, 253

Ridgway, George 91, 99, 118, 277

Rivers Inlet 12

road camp 30-31, 52, 75, 116, 132, 158-159, 177-180, 197-198, 235, 263, 265

Ontario 76, 177

wages 181

Robathan, Rev. Eric 212-214

Robert, Dunsmuir 69

Robinson, Jackie 109

Robinsons, the 38-39, 44

Roseberry 241

Ross Bay Cemetery 10

Royston 16

Royston Lumber Company 15

Russo-Japanese War 187

Ruxton Island 255

Ryan, Esther 236-237

Sakai, Akino 160

Sakata, Mantoku 230

Sakata, Mitsuyuki 27, 157, 238

Saltspring Island 12, 42, 232, 255

samurai 187

San Francisco 93

Sandon 199

sawmill 15-16, 31, 40, 46, 48, 61, 100, 123, 132, 175, 187, 189, 246, 274

fire 99

production 105

Schreiber camp 77-79, 179-i80

Scoffield, Doreen 191

Second World War 16, 73

Seine River 56

Seko, Kinjiro 219-220

senzo dai dai 245

settlements, nikkei 10-11, 13, 15, 54, 62, 214, 263

Seymour Narrows 259

Shige, Yoshida 64, 152

shikataga-nai 74

Shikoku Island 93, 161

Shimizu, Kyoshi 21

shushin 263

Sidney 12, 41, 44, 257

Sidney harbour 260

Singh, Mayo 173, 190

Skeena River 12

Slocan Valley 199, 239

St. Thomas 239

Steveston 12, 92, 98, 101, 124-126, 128, 132, 153

Strait of Georgia 12, 126, 226, 259-261, 264

Stuart Channel 19, 97, 167, 170, 196, 252, 255, 258

Sudbury 78

sugi 245

Sumiye, Hisako 202

Sumiye, Meiko 202

sumo wrestling 65, 277

Taiji 32, 245

taikun 10

Tairiku Nippo 76

Takahashi, Fukano 227

Takahashi, Yoji 227

Takahsi, Fukano 241

Takahsi, Yoji 241

Takashima, Shizuye 23

Takata Gardens 156

Tamura Bank 10

Tamura, Shinkichi 10

Taniwa, Iwao (a.k.a. Marchi) 113, 115, 118, 273

Taniwa, Ken 129-130, 132-133

Taniwa, Matsue (nee: Hikida) 122-135, 272-273, 278

Taniwa, Naka 216

Taniwa, Norimichi (a.k.a. Norey) 101-103, 106-110, 113, 118, 120, 124-134, 272, 278

Taniwa, Norma 134

Taniwa, Norman 134

Taniwa, Raymond 134

Taniwa, Risaburo 93, 101-107, 115, 127, 129

Taniwa, Stanley 122-124, 129-133, 272-274, 278

Taniwa, Susie 129, 132-133

Taniwa, Wayne 134

Taniwa’s store 108, 110, 127, 271-272

Tanouye, Haruyoshi 58

Tashme 22, 198-201, 239, 241

Tent Island 252-253, 264

Texada Island 260

Thunder Bay 56, 92, 122

Tofino 13, 153

Tokyo Bay 266

Tomekichi, Yoshida 186-188, 200

Toronto 162, 180-182, 200, 211, 232, 241-242, 244, 269

Trincomali Channel 253, 255, 264

U.S. Supreme Court 265

Ucluelet 13, 18

United States 73

Upsala River 56

Vancouver 10, 13, 16, 21-22, 30, 46, 48, 52, 54, 57, 60, 76, 95, 107, 111 , 114, 125, 131, 135, 148, 155, 165, 171, 187, 196, 201, 220, 226, 232, 239, 254, 263-264, 266, 272

Vancouver Island 9, 11-14, 16-19, 23, 28, 50, 126, 140, 187, 201, 224, 257

veterans, nikkei 14

Victoria 9-10, 12, 17-18, 43, 60, 64, 95, 104, 113, 117, 140, 153, 155-157, 187, 214-215, 228-229, 259, 262 jamboree 229

Victoria Lumber & Manufacturing Company (VL&M) 62, 66, 69, 99-100, 104-105, 175-176, 187, 246

Wadamura 102

Wakayama 12, 32, 102, 245, 251, 258

War Measures Act 74, 234

Washington State 228

weddings 46, 111-112, 155, 157, 226-227, 264

Shinto-Buddhist 111 , 126

welfare system 120

Westholme reserve 145

White Canada

Association 197, 266

Willy Island 252

Winnipeg 137

women, widowed 45, 135, 163, 185, 202

women’s status 34, 201

marriage 38, 41, 140, 156, 166, 188, 214, 232

Yamanashi 214, 231

Yamashita, Jinpachi 261-262

Yamashita, Torizo 108

Yamato 235

Yellow Point 255

Yokohama 102, 140

Yoshida, Chiyoki 127

Yoshida, Chizuko 220, 223, 225, 232, 239, 242

Yoshida, Fukuko 189-190, 200

Yoshida, Hina 186, 188-191, 193, 195-197, 201

Yoshida, Jean 231, 236

Yoshida, Kanako (a.k.a. Connie) 217-220, 232, 235

Yoshida, Kume (nee: Ogiwara) 102-103, 214-216, 220, 222, 228, 231-233, 238-239, 242

Yoshida, Kumeo 221-222, 226, 228, 232, 234; 239-240

Yoshida, Noboru (a.k.a. Nobby) 157, 190, 196-197

Yoshida, Noriyuki 226, 231, 235-236

Yoshida, Shigeru 26, 229-231, 275

Yoshida, Shigetoki 102, 214-216, 220-222, 225-227, 231, 235, 242, 273, 275, 277

Yoshida, Shigeyuki 21-22, 25, 133, 211-242

Yoshida, Sumiko (nee: Takahashi) 211-242, 275, 277

Yoshida, Tokio 228, 232-234, 237-239

Yoshida, Tomekichi 197

Yoshida, Tomiharu 187-188, 196-197

Yoshida, Virginia (a.k.a. Yukuko) 237-239

Yoshida, Yachiho (a.k.a. Ida) 211-212, 221-222, 232, 239

Yoshida, Yuji 190, 197, 200

Yoshida, Yukiko 27, 189-190, 200-201