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ABC (ABC News), 269, 331
Abilene, Kans., 34
Abernathy, Ralph, 96, 114, 280
abortion, 3, 162–63, 202, 323–29, 341, 363–67, 374, 378, 379, 385–87
Acheson, Dean, 176
Addison’s disease, 68
affirmative action, 309, 335
Africa, 23, 155
African Americans, xiii, xv; see also civil rights movement; Jim Crow; segregation
and Black Nationalism, 85–86, 104–11, 184, 212–14, 226–27, 230, 309
in Chicago, 3, 20, 26–27, 30–32, 37
in Detroit, 36
and election of 1952, 35
and election of 1960, 69
and election of 1964, 171
and legacy of slavery, 10
migration of, 3, 11–12, 84, 106
and New Deal, 11, 12
police violence against, 31, 97, 109, 118–19, 120, 123, 124–25, 155–56, 187, 189, 208–9, 227–30, 281, 316, 317, 359
in poverty, 144
racist tropes about, 82, 359
in Vietnam War, 244
Agent Orange, 239, 387
Agnew, Spiro, 290
agricultural subsidies, 9, 169
Aiken, S.C., 358
Ailes, Roger, 298
air and water pollution, 177
Alabama, 19, 83, 87, 112, 120, 123, 125, 130, 149, 170, 183, 187, 192, 266–67, 358–59, 370
Alabama State College, 92–93
Alaska, 251
Algeria, 23, 155
Alsop, Stewart, 231–32
Alvernia High School (Chicago), 39, 42
American Baptist College, 102
American Bar Association, 334
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 175, 176, 190, 325
American Federation of Labor–Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), 334
American Independent Party, 270–71
American Medical Association (AMA), 205, 206, 325, 326
amphetamines, 225
Anniston, Ala., 113
anti-Communism, 24, 28, 51–52, 64, 130, 147
anti-crime bill, 310, 319
Anti-Defamation League, 190
anti-war movement, 249–54, 263–64, 271, 320–22, 329, 345–48, 351–53
Apollo 13, 339
appeasement, 46, 47, 53, 65–66, 76
Aragon ballroom (Chicago), 14
Ardennes offensive, 21
Arizona, 63, 64, 170
Arkansas, 10, 99–100
Ashkum, Ill., 14
Asian Americans, 177
Asian immigration, 8
Atlanta, Ga., 98, 159, 188, 190
Atlantic City, N.J., 153, 157–59, 184, 185
atomic bomb, 21, 52, 53
Augustine, Saint, 117
Australia, 48, 236
Avalon Ballroom (San Francisco), 221, 224
Baez, Joan, 252
Baker, Ella, xiv, 89, 90, 92, 94, 98, 99, 101–4, 157, 159
Baker, Russell, 263
Baldwin, James, 110–11
Baltimore, Md., 103
banking industry, 8
Barnett, Ross, 115, 116
Bass, Ross, 197
Batista, Fulgencio, 63
Bay of Pigs, 72–74, 132
Beatles, 161, 202–3, 207, 224–25
beatniks (Beats), 40–41
Beauvoir, Simone de, 159–60
bebop, 40
Bedford-Stuyvesant (New York City), 156
Belgium, 17
Bell, Daniel, xii
Bell Aircraft, 19, 30
Beloved Community, 104, 115, 129, 184, 212, 279
Bennett, Bentford, 248
Ben Suc, South Vietnam, 240, 241, 246, 258
Berkeley, See University of California, Berkeley
Berlin, battle for, 21, 23, 49, 54, 78
Bernhardt, Michael, 330
Berry, Chuck, 40
Bevel, James, 122–23, 185, 186, 188, 210, 218, 258
B-52s, 375, 385
Big Brother and the Holding Company, 221, 223
Big Mules, 119, 123
Birmingham, Ala., xii
Children’s Crusade in, 142, 151, 185, 188, 219
church bombing in, 132–33, 142, 266
civil rights movement in, 113, 116, 118–24, 127, 128, 130, 131, 144, 146, 154, 210–12
Dixiecrat third party founded in, 24–25
Freedom Riders in, 113
integration efforts in, 358
Martin Luther King’s letter from jail in, 122, 257, 364
George Wallace and, 267
birth control, 3, 41, 161–62, 172–74, 193–96; see also abortion
birth defects, 202
birth rate, 201
Black, Hugo, 115, 193, 194, 370
Black Belt (Alabama), 19, 185
Black Bottom (Detroit), 12, 104, 105
Black migration, 3, 11–12, 84, 106
Blackmun, Harry, 338–39, 385–87
Black nationalism, 86, 104, 107, 154–55, 213
Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, 227, 281, 316
Black Power, 213–15, 226, 227, 230, 279, 309–10
Black revolt, fears of, 82
Boise, Idaho, 168
“Bomb Hanoi” buttons, 265
Boston, Mass., 57, 65, 67, 108, 226, 227, 300, 320
Boston Globe, 66, 223
Boston University, 94
Bradley, Richard, 357–58
Bradley, Ronnie, 357
Bradley, Virda, 357–58, 361–62, 390
Brando, Marlon, 124
Brennan, William, 195
Brewer, Albert, 359
Bridgeport neighborhood (Chicago), xviii, 3, 16, 36
Brinkley, David, 347
Brookhaven, Miss., 92
Brookings Institution, 356–57, 367
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, 86–87, 93
Broward Country, Fla., 361
Brown, Helen Gurley, 161
Brown, Pat, 167
Brown Chapel AME Church (Selma, Ala.), 186
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, 90–91, 93, 94, 99, 125, 283, 284, 328, 336, 374, 389
Bryant Park (New York City), 320
Buchanan, Pat, 336, 338, 340
Buckley, William, 63, 64
Buffalo, N.Y., 227–28
Bulgaria, 49
Bundy, McGeorge, 180, 182
Burger, Warren, 313, 332
Burma, 23
Burrows, Larry, 233–35
buses, segregation on, 83, 88, 92–98
Bush, Prescott, 34
busing, 312, 336, 361, 362, 370, 374, 377–79, 388–89
Byrd, Harry, 91, 370–71
Cahill, Ed, 1–2, 14–18, 65, 242, 383, 391
Cahill, Judy, 21–22, 39, 42, 243, 383
Cahill, Kathleen (Kathy), 1–2, 37, 43, 383
Cahill, Stella, 2, 4–6, 8, 13, 17, 242, 248
Cahill, Terry, 2, 25, 42, 43, 242–43, 383
Cahill, William, 15
Cahill family (Chicago), xvi, 1–2, 4–6, 8, 13–18, 21–22, 25, 37, 39, 42, 43, 65, 170, 217, 242–44, 248, 383–84, 391
California, 90–91, 147, 166–67, 170, 200, 222, 227, 255, 269, 271, 274–75, 285, 287, 288, 302–3, 327–28, 378; see also Los Angeles, Calif.; San Francisco, Calif.
Calley, William, 330–31, 353–54
Cambodia, 60, 315, 321, 333, 337, 339, 340, 345, 347, 349, 351, 353, 359, 375, 387
Camden, Ala., 186
Camp David (Maryland), 321, 348
Cam Ranh Bay (South Vietnam), 245
Canada, 48
Carmichael, Stokely, 212–14, 226–30, 281, 309
Carnevas, Arnoldo, 248
Carswell, G. Harrold, 332–34, 337, 338
Cason, Casey, 152
Cassady, Neal, 205, 206
Castro, Fidel, 44, 62–63, 65, 70, 73, 255, 259
Castro, Raul, 63
Catholics (Catholicism, Catholic Church), 4, 16, 68, 111–12, 163, 173, 196, 256, 303, 326, 327, 364–65, 374
Cavanagh, Jerome, 191
CBS (CBS News), 109–10, 113, 322, 330, 333, 334
Central Highlands (South Vietnam), 182, 197
Central High School (Little Rock, Ark.), 79–81, 99, 100–101, 102
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 56–57, 62, 65, 70, 72–73, 77, 132, 154, 203, 204, 241, 255, 330, 333–34, 337
Central Park (New York City), 224
Central Ward (Newark), 228, 232
Chamberlain, Neville, 46, 47
Chandler, A. B. “Happy,” 299–300
Chaney, James, 154, 156–57, 158
Charlestown State Prison (Boston), 108
Charlotte, N.C., 103, 311–13, 336, 358, 360–61, 370
Chase Manhattan Bank, 33
Chattanooga, Tenn., 103
Chavez, Cesar, 255–56, 274–75
Chicago, Ill.
African Americans in, 11–13, 38, 185
Black nationalism in, 104–5
Cahill family in, xvi, 1–2, 4–6, 8, 13–18, 21–22, 25, 37, 39, 42, 43, 65, 170, 217, 242–44, 248, 383–84, 391
and civil rights movement, 208–12, 215–20, 230
Democratic machine in, 36
and election of 1932, 8
and election of 1960, 69
and election of 1968, 303
maps, xvi, xviii
music in, 40
Nation of Islam in, 104–8
1952 Republican National Convention in, 32
1968 Democratic National Convention in, xviii, 266, 272, 290–97, 320
public housing projects in, 20
racial violence in, 30–32, 281, 316
SDS in, 317
segregation in, 11–12, 20, 27, 30–32, 37, 155, 210, 216–20, 360, 390
urban reconstruction in, 37
George Wallace in, 266–68
Chicago Seven conspiracy trial, 318–19
Chicago Tribune, 1, 27, 43, 242, 262–63
Children’s Crusade, 142, 151, 185, 188
China, 17, 23, 45, 52, 55, 59, 179, 235, 239, 241, 269, 314, 354, 367–68, 372–73
Chinese Americans, 361
Christian evangelicals, 147, 364
Christianity Today, 364
Chrysler, 30, 33
Church, Frank, 271, 320
Cicero, Ill., xviii, 2, 6, 19, 31–32, 218–20, 232, 268, 299, 303
Cincinnati, Ohio, 227
CITGO, 33
civil disobedience, 127, 214, 260, 279
Civil Rights Act (1964), 150, 161, 167, 176, 184, 185, 325, 390
civil rights bills
Lyndon Johnson’s, 143, 145–49, 157, 249; see also Civil Rights Act
John Kennedy’s, 124–32, 142, 160
civil rights movement, xii–xiv, 147, 183–92, 207–12, 357–62; see also desegregation; school integration
affirmative action, 309, 335
after Martin Luther King’s death, 309–13
and American Revolution, 198
Beloved Community, 104, 115, 128–29, 212, 279
in Birmingham, 118–24, 144
Black Power, 184, 212–15, 226–27, 281, 309–10
busing, 312–13, 336, 360–62, 374, 377–78, 388–90
in California, 155
in Chicago, 31, 208–12, 215–20, 230
early stages of, 20, 80–87
federal government repression of, 86, 130, 157–59, 309–10, 316
Freedom Rides, xii, 112–15, 120, 212
Freedom Summer, 153–54, 157, 164, 184
Little Rock Central High School crisis, 39, 79–81, 99–102
March on Washington (1963), 126–129
Montgomery bus boycott, 92–98
map, xvii
and nonviolence, 86–88, 250
Poor People’s Campaign, 279
in Selma, 185–92
sit-ins, 102–3
and Supreme Court, 83–84, 88–91, 97, 99, 101–2, 112–13, 115, 283–84, 310–11, 313, 332, 358, 360–61, 374, 388–90
University of Mississippi crisis, 115–17
Civil Service Commission, 175–76
civil unrest, 31–32, 82, 155–56, 215–20, 227–31, 268, 280–82, 316–22, 329
Civil War, 10, 57, 81–82, 249, 281
Clark, Harvey, 30
Clark, Johnetta, 30
Clark, Joseph, 193–94
Clark, Jim, 185, 186, 189
Clark family (Chicago), 30–32, 218
Cleveland, Grover, 337
Cleveland, Ohio, 13, 168, 185, 208, 209, 292, 343
Cleveland Plain Dealer, 331
cloture, 145, 146, 197
Coffee, Linda, 324–25, 327, 328, 329, 341, 363, 365–66, 367
Cohn, Roy, 56
Cold War, xii, 24, 45, 51, 57, 59–61, 73, 134, 137, 151–52, 179, 199, 251; see also Cuban Missile Crisis
college protests, 316–17, 345–48
college radicals, 151
Collins, Addie Mae, 133, 136
Collins, Judy, 252
Columbia Records, 224
Columbia University, 40, 251, 292
Columbus, Ohio, 191, 226
Committee to Re-elect the President (CREEP), 372, 374, 388
Communism (Communist Party), xii, 23, 27, 50, 63, 86, 87, 131–32, 134, 253, 259, 264
Community Action Agencies, 145
concentration camps, 21
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), 88, 102, 112–14, 127, 155, 157, 164, 165, 214
Connecticut, 161–62, 172–74, 193–96, 199
Connor, Eugene “Bull,” 119–22, 185, 211
consensus politics, xiii
Constitution, US, 81, 91, 125, 311, 322, 386
constitutional amendments, 81, 195; see also specific amendments
consumer protection laws, 177
containment policy, 50, 54, 57, 64, 131–32, 253
contraception, 41, 193–96
Cook County, Ill., 218
Cornell University, 317
Cotulla, Tex., 139, 140
counterculture, 41, 223–25
Country Joe and the Fish, 221
Cow Palace (San Francisco), 202, 207, 210
Cranston, R.I., 289
Cronkite, Walter, 325
Crozier Seminary, 94
Cuba, 44, 62–63, 70, 72, 136, 255, 259; see also Bay of Pigs
Cuban Missile Crisis, 44–46, 74–78, 142, 179, 238, 300
Czechoslovakia, 47, 49
Czechs, 3
Daladier, Edouard, 47
Daley, Richard J., 36–37, 69, 210, 211, 218–20, 291, 293–94, 297, 303, 379, 383
Daley, Sis, 36
Dallas, Tex., 130, 134–36, 138, 142, 305, 323–25, 327–29
Dallas County, Tex., 363, 365
Da Nang, South Vietnam, 183, 233–34, 245
Danville, Va., 125, 159
Darlington County, S.C., 336
Days of Rage, 318–20
Dayton, Ohio, 226
decolonization, 23, 58–59, 155
Deep South, 112, 147, 157, 170, 282, 298, 302
defense spending, 29, 35, 61, 71, 237, 275
De La Salle Brothers, 38
Delta blues, 202
Democratic National Committee, 378
Democrats (Democratic Party)
and anti-communism, 52–53
and Chicago machine, 36
and civil rights, 111, 117, 126, 145–46, 167–69, 369–70
as defenders of slavery, 10
and election of 1932, 7, 8
and election of 1948, 24–25
and election of 1952, 34, 35
and election of 1960, 42, 65, 69, 112
and election of 1964, 168–71
and election of 1968, xiv, 168–71, 271, 274, 275, 277–78, 285, 287–88, 303
and election of 1972, 373–74, 378, 380, 384
and Jim Crow, 81–84
National Convention (1952), 32
National Convention (1956), 97
National Convention (1960), 142
National Convention (1964), 153, 184, 212
National Convention (1968), xviii, 266, 272, 290–97, 320
National Convention (1972), 379
in the South, xii, 10, 24–25, 81–84, 141, 146, 157, 184
and Supreme Court, 193
in Texas, 135, 140
George Wallace and, 148–50
Denmark, 17
Dennis, David, 157
Denver, Colo., 34, 361
DePaul University, xvi, 42
desegregation
of lunch counters, 102–3, 124
and Montgomery bus boycott, 92–98
of retail stores, 121, 122, 210
of schools and universities, 79–81, 91, 99–102
Detroit, Mich., 6, 11–12, 19, 25, 30, 36, 104–8, 124, 128, 185, 191, 226, 228–32, 268, 281–83, 357–58, 360–62, 377, 389
developers, 12, 25, 30
Dexter Avenue Baptist Church (Montgomery), 93–94
Didion, Joan, 200–201, 232
Diem, Ngo Dinh, 60–62, 65, 71, 73–74, 131–34, 136, 178, 355
Dien Bien Phu, Indochina, 60, 273
Dillon Read, 33
District of Columbia, 285, 310
divorce rate, 202
Dixiecrats, 24–25, 336
Dong, Pham Van, 180
Doors, 224
Doors of Perception, The (Huxley), 204, 224
Douglas, William O., 193–95
Douglas Aircraft, 29, 30
doves, 254–55, 291–92, 297, 299, 352, 372
Dow Chemical, 259–61
drug culture, 203–6, 221–25
Du Bois, W. E. B., 85
Duke University, 55
DuPage County, Ill., 170
Durham, N.C., 103
Earth Day, xv
Eastern Europe, 23, 49, 50
East Germany, 75
East Indies, 23
Eastland, James, 91, 145
East Side (Detroit), 229–30
Eckford, Elizabeth, 79–81, 100–103
Economic Opportunity Act, 145, 177
economy, 29, 347, 368–70, 378
Eddy Street (Chicago), xvi, 1–2, 15–16, 25, 26, 37, 39, 43, 170, 217, 242, 248, 304, 383, 391
Edmund Pettus Bridge (Selma, Ala.), 188–89, 192, 219, 266, 303
education, right to, 24
Ehrlichman, John, 306, 334
Eisenhower, David, 307, 316, 336, 369, 372
Eisenhower, Dwight D., and administration, xiii
background and early career of, 32–33, 54–55
and civil rights, 101–2, 111–13
death of, 307
economic policy, 64–65
and election of 1952, 34–35, 56, 64, 69, 384
and election of 1956, 38–39, 303
farewell address of, 70–71
first term of, 35–36
foreign policy, 45, 54–55, 73, 385
John Kennedy and legacy of, 68–69, 78, 130–31
Richard Nixon and legacy of, 270, 290, 304, 307–9, 316, 333, 369
and Republican majority, 35–36, 38–39, 69
and Republican Right, 55–56, 63–64
second term of, 39
and Supreme Court, 90, 193, 336
and Vietnam, 57–62, 65, 67
Eisenhower, Mamie, 290, 380
election of 1932, 7, 8
election of 1936, 12–13
election of 1944, 23
election of 1948, 24, 34
election of 1952, 32, 34–36
election of 1956, 38–39, 69
election of 1960, 63–65, 67–70, 111–12
election of 1964, 134–35, 146–47, 168–71, 176, 237, 302
election of 1968, 268, 277–78, 285–304
election of 1972, 372–81
Ellis Island, 5
Ellsberg, Daniel, 355–56, 367
Emancipation Proclamation, 117
Emerson, Thomas, 193
EMI, 224
Esquire, 292
Europe, reconstruction of, 51, 61
evening news, 123, 214, 254, 273, 298, 347, 376, 381
Evers, Medgar, 129, 131
ExComm, 74–75, 77, 142
executive privilege, 56
Fair Employment Practices Commission (proposed), 125
Fard, W. D., 104–6
Farley, James, 233–35, 240, 248
Faubus, Orval, 100
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 86, 130, 154, 157, 170, 225, 310, 316, 352, 356, 379
Federal Reserve Bank, 314, 369
Feminist Mystique, The (Friedan), 160
Fifteenth Amendment, 81, 82
Fifth Amendment, 195
filibuster, 25, 145, 146, 197, 298
Fillmore (San Francisco), 221, 224
film censorship, 4
Finkbine, Sherri, 162–63, 202
Firestone, Shulamith, 327
First Amendment, 195, 355
First Baptist Church (Montgomery), 96, 114
Flint, Mich., 300, 362
Florida, 361, 373
Florida State University, 333
Food and Drug Administration, 41
Ford Motor Company, 33, 71
Foreign Affairs, 62, 269
Fortas, Abe, 285, 298, 313
Fourteenth Amendment, 81, 84
Fourth Amendment, 195
France, 17, 23, 47, 58–60, 155, 273
Freedom Rides, xii, 112–15, 120, 212
Freedom Summer, 153–54, 157, 164, 184
free-market capitalism, 64
Free Speech Movement (FSM), 165–66
Friedan, Betty, 160
friendly fire, 247
Fruit of Islam, 109
Frye, Marquette, 208–9
Fulbright, J. William, 179, 255, 256, 274, 320, 335
Gage Park (Chicago), xviii, 216–19, 230, 232
Gallup polls, 76, 273, 281, 299, 302
Gandhi, Mohandas, 87, 97
Gandhism, 88, 96–98, 102, 112, 121, 214, 256
Gannett, 33
Garcia, Jerry, 205, 221
Garvey, Marcus, 85–86, 104, 106, 107
Gary, Ind., 6, 149, 287
gay and lesbian communities, xiii, 39, 41, 53, 56, 175, 305–7, 317–18, 387
Gay Liberation Front, 318
gay rights, 17, 175–76, 196, 317–18, 328, 379, 387
Gelb, Leslie, 356
gender inequality, 163–64
General Beadle State College, 317
General Electric, 29, 33, 267
General Foods, 33
General Motors, 13, 29, 33, 57
Geneva peace talks and agreement (1954), 60, 62
genocide, 21
Georgia, 84, 91, 112, 140, 170, 283, 295, 359
Georgia Peace Officers Association, 359
Germany, 7, 33, 51, 75, 242, 373; see also Nazi Germany
Gettysburg, Pa., 34, 249, 380
Ghana, 23
Giap, Vo Nguyen, 58
Ginsberg, Allen, 41, 203, 206, 223
gold and gold supply, 48, 62, 64–65, 69, 70, 275–76, 369
Goldberg, Arthur, 193, 194
Gold Coast (Chicago), 3
Golden Gate Park (San Francisco), 223, 225
Goldwater, Barry, 64, 65, 146–47, 150, 164, 167–70, 176, 201, 237, 249, 302, 371, 390
Goldwater Clubs, 147
Goodman, Andrew, 154, 156–57, 159
Gore, Albert, Sr., 197, 320
Graham, Billy, 98, 364, 380
Granada, 107
Grant Park (Chicago), xviii, 208, 294–96
Grateful Dead, 221, 222–23, 225, 232
Great Britain, 7, 23, 46–48, 59, 65–66, 235, 369
Great Depression, 6–7, 12, 19, 23, 25, 46–47
Great Society, 221, 308
Greece, 50, 51
Greensboro, N.C., 102–3, 110, 124
Green v. County School Board of New Kent County, 283–84, 310–13, 389
Greenwich Village (New York City), 41, 317–18
Griffith Park (Los Angeles), 224
Griswold, Estelle, xiv, 172–76, 196, 199, 386
Griswold v. Connecticut, 193–96, 201, 328, 363, 386–87
Gruening, Ernest, 251
Guam, 372
guaranteed annual income, 309
Guardian, 169
Guatemala, 35, 57, 65, 70
Guevara, Che, 63
Guinea, 309
Gulf of Tonkin incident and Resolution, 180–81, 237, 251, 255, 256, 335
guns, 209, 215, 227, 231, 262, 281
Haight-Ashbury (San Francisco), 201, 204–5, 207, 221, 222–23, 224, 225, 232
Haiphong, North Vietnam, 375
Haldeman, Bob, 307, 308, 309, 321, 329, 336, 338, 339, 345–51, 355, 356, 368, 370, 378, 388
hallucinogenic drugs, 203–6, 221–25
Hamer, Fannie Lou, 130, 158
Hampton, Fred, 316
Hampton, Va., 103
Hanoi, North Vietnam, 58, 239, 256, 260, 265, 339, 375, 380, 385
Harlan, John Marshall, 370
Harlem (New York City), 12, 25, 85, 89, 97, 108–9, 150, 154–56, 167, 168, 187, 208, 226, 228
Harris, Louis, 289, 299, 301, 379
Harvard Business School, 71
Harvard Law School, 55, 190, 311
Harvard University, 65, 66, 67, 139, 175, 205–6, 308, 317, 320, 355, 356
Havana, Cuba, 63, 230
Hawaii, 363
hawks, 249, 265
Hawthorne Works, 2
Hayden, Tom, 152–53, 260, 292, 293, 295
Haynsworth, Clement, 313, 319, 332
health care, 24, 25, 236
Hefner, Hugh, 39, 161
Herbstreith, Dolores, xiv, 148–49, 378
Herbstreith, Lloyd, xiv, 148–49, 378
heroin, 225
Hersey, John, 67
Hersh, Seymour, 330–31
highway construction, 27, 35–36, 37
hippies, 201, 205, 221, 224, 225, 231, 254, 259, 261–63, 293, 318
Hiroshima atomic bombing, 21, 45, 49
Hiss, Alger, 55–56, 269, 356
historically black colleges and universities (HCBUs), 103
Hitler, Adolf, 7, 17, 46, 47, 65
Ho Chi Minh, 58, 62, 131, 134, 241, 260
Hoffman, Abbie, 259, 293
Hofmann, Albert, 203
Hollywood, 17, 65
Holocaust, 21, 160
homosexuality, xiii, 53, 56, 175–76, 196, 199, 313, 318, 328; see also gay and lesbian communities
Hoover, J. Edgar, 130, 352
“Hound Dog” (song), 40
House of Morgan, 33
House of Representatives, US, 67, 126, 140, 148–49, 161–62, 171, 192, 299, 350–51
House Judiciary Committee, 126, 390–91
House Rules Committee, 145, 198
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), 151
Housing Act of 1949, 31
housing agencies, 13–14
housing industry, 8, 12, 19, 30
housing policy, 24, 25, 26, 35
Houston, Charles Hamilton, 88–89
Houston, Tex., 135
Howard University Law School, 88–89
“Howl” (Ginsberg), 41
Hue, South Vietnam, 131, 273, 375
Hughes, Sarah, 325
Human Be-Ins, 223
Humphrey, Hubert, 146, 183, 258, 278, 285, 288, 291, 292–93, 295, 297–98, 299, 301, 302, 307, 373, 374
Hungary, 49
Hunt, Bunker, 130
Huston, Tom, 352, 356
Huston Plan, 367
Hutton, Bobby, 281
Huxley, Aldous, 203–4, 224
IBM, 33
“I have a dream” speech (King), 128–29
Illinois, 170, 282, 302–3, 373
immigration laws, 7–8, 177
India, 23, 59, 87
Indiana, 149, 287
Indianapolis, Ind., 286
Indiana University, 287
Indochina, 23, 57–58, 60
industrial mobilization (World War II), 18–19
inflation, 29, 275, 313–14, 368, 387
interest rates, 314
Iran, 23, 35, 57, 61, 65
Iraq, 23
Ireland, 14
Iron Triangle, 240
Islam, 105
Italians (Italian Americans), 27, 38
Jackson, Jesse, 218
Jackson, Jimmie Lee, 183, 187, 188
Jackson, Mahalia, 211
Jackson, Miss., 114, 124, 159
Jackson State College, 359
Jamaica, 85, 104
Jamestown, 198
Japan, 7, 17, 18, 21–23, 28, 44–47, 49, 58, 61, 66, 300, 369
Japanese Americans, internment of, 91
Jefferson Airplane, 221, 224
Jewish War Veterans, 190
Jewish Americans, 6, 21, 190, 334
Jim Crow, 20, 81–99, 117, 119–20, 123, 126, 128, 141, 146, 150, 161, 192, 198, 283, 299, 312, 358, 390
John Birch Society, 130, 147, 368
Johns, Barbara, 90
Johns, Vernon, 93–94
Johns Hopkins University, 55
Johnson, Lady Bird, 135, 192, 277
Johnson, Lyndon Baines, and administration, xii, xiv, 320
and anti-war movement, 249–50, 253–54, 255–59, 264–65, 268–68, 271–72, 275–76, 291–92, 295
and assassination of John Kennedy, 135, 138
background and early career, 139–42
and civil rights, 143–47, 150, 154, 157–59, 161, 184–86, 189–93, 197–98, 208, 229, 284, 309
death of, 387, 388
domestic opposition to, 249–53, 258–59, 268–71
and election of 1960, 112
and election of 1964, 142–43, 168–71, 176
and election of 1968, 268, 271–72, 275, 277–78, 290–95, 298, 303
and gold prices, 275–76, 369
and immigration reform, 177
inaugural address of, 178
and liberals, 141–42, 143–45, 170–71, 176–78, 253–57, 258–59, 271–72, 291–92, 295–97
and Supreme Court, 285
and Vietnam War, 178, 197, 199, 235–42, 249–50, 264–65, 270, 273–74, 277–83, 285–86, 301–2, 313–15, 321, 335, 356, 373
and George Wallace, 148, 191
war on poverty, 144–45, 176–77, 236
“Johnson treatment,” 141, 146, 191
Johnson X, 109
Joint Chiefs of Staff, 33, 44–46, 61, 65, 73, 75–77, 197, 273–74, 276, 300, 339, 376
Kameny, Frank, 175
Katzenbach, Nicholas, 185
Kelly, Edward, 16, 17
Kennan, George, 50, 51
Kennedy, Jacqueline Bouvier, 67, 72–73
Kennedy, John F., and administration, 237, 308
advisers of, 179
appeasement and, 46, 68, 76, 78
assassination of, 134–36, 138–39
background and early career, 65–68
and Bay of Pigs invasion, 72–74
and civil rights, 114–17, 124–30, 144, 147, 160
and Cuban Missile Crisis, 45–46, 74–78, 238, 300
and Eisenhower legacy, 70–71, 78, 130–31
and election of 1960, 42–43, 68–70, 111–12, 142, 170, 269
and gold supply, 71
Lyndon Johnson on legacy of, 143
legacy of, 266
and Vietnam, 73–74, 130–34, 178, 183, 275, 355
Kennedy, Joseph P., Sr., 65–67, 68, 70, 71
Kennedy, Joseph P., Jr., 66, 73
Kennedy, Patricia, 70
Kennedy, Robert F.
and anti-war movement, 260, 265, 271, 364
assassination of, 288–89
as attorney general, 71, 112–16, 123
background and early career, 68
and Fidel Castro, 73, 255, 259
and civil rights, 112–16, 123, 255, 286–88
and Cuba, 73
and Cuban Missile Crisis, 74–75, 77, 78
and election of 1968, 276, 278, 285–88, 291, 296
election to Senate, 170
and Lyndon Johnson, 139
John Kennedy legacy of, 255, 259
and John Kennedy’s trip to Dallas, 135
and United Farm Workers 255–56, 274–75
and Vietnam War, 255–58
Kennedy, Ted, 291, 320
Kennelly, Martin, 36, 37
Kenosha, Wis., 149
Kent State University, 345–46, 351, 381
Kentucky, 111
Kenya, 23
Kerouac, Jack, 205
Kerr, Clark, 165–67
Kerry, John, 353
Kesey, Ken, 202–7, 210, 220–26, 225–26
Keyes v. School District No. 1, Denver, Colo., 388–89
Khanh, Nguyen, 178–79, 181–83
Khe Sanh, South Vietnam, 273
Khrushchev, Nikita, 74, 75, 78
King, Coretta Scott, 94, 95, 98, 280–81
King, Martin Luther, Sr., 98
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
as the American Gandhi, 97–98, 214, 259
assassination of, 279–83, 287
background and early career, 93–94
in Birmingham, 119–24
and Black Power, 214, 309
in Chicago, 215–20, 230, 390
FBI wiretapping of, 130
and Freedom Riders, 114
“I have a dream” speech of, 128–29
and Lyndon Johnson, 158, 185–86, 257–59, 192
and Robert Kennedy, 112, 265, 289
and James Lawson, 102, 279
as a leader of civil rights movement, 98–99, 207–8
letter from Birmingham jail, 122, 124, 257, 364
and lunch-counter sit-ins, 103–4
and Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, 156, 158
and Montgomery bus boycott, 94–97
on need for action on civil rights legislation, 117
Nobel Peace Prize, 185–86
on redemption, 96, 98, 103–4, 129, 185
religious vision of, 95–96, 280
in Selma, 185–88
Vietnam War speech of, 257–58
King, Mary, 153, 159–60, 163–64
King, Yolanda, 94
Kissinger, Henry, 308, 314, 332, 337, 340, 345, 348, 355, 367–68, 371, 372, 375, 380, 384–85, 387
Koch, Fred, 130
Korean War, 27–29, 33, 35–37, 53–55, 57, 59, 199, 235, 237, 249, 265, 269, 270
Krause, Allison, 343–45, 347
Krause, Arthur, 347
Krystoszek, Gerald, 248
Ku Klux Klan, 99, 119, 129, 130, 218, 371
Lafayette Park (Washington, DC), 191
La Guardia, Fiorello, 17
Lansing, Mich., 107
Laos, 60, 62, 70, 333–35, 340, 375, 387
Latin America, 8
Latinos, 8, 144, 177, 361
Lavender Scare, 53, 56, 175
“law and order,” 149, 168, 265, 270, 282, 287, 289–97, 303, 310, 313
Lawson, James, 102, 103–4, 113, 279
Leary, Timothy, 205–6, 222
Lee, George, 92
Left, the, xii–xiv, 143, 249–50, 254, 347, 380
LeMay, Curtis, 44–46, 49, 50, 71, 76, 300–301, 315
Levee (Chicago), 4
Levison, Stanley, 208
Lewis, Jerry Lee, 40
Lewis, John, 102, 104, 128, 184, 188–89, 212
Lexington, Ky., 103
liberals, xii, 117, 120, 126, 141–42, 144, 149, 177, 184, 253–56, 260, 268, 271, 273, 278, 293, 319–22, 334, 338, 373, 377
Liberty, Miss., 115
Life, 67, 163, 202, 222, 235, 331
Lincoln, Abraham, 57, 125, 157, 249
Lincoln Memorial, 127, 132, 261, 349–50
Lincoln Park (Chicago), 293–95
Little, Malcolm, see Malcolm X
Little Richard, 40
Little Rock, Ark., 39, 79–81, 99–100, 102, 111, 113
Lockheed, 30
Long Beach, Calif., 30
Los Angeles, Calif., 104, 124, 185, 188, 190, 208–9, 223, 227, 287, 311, 336, 358; see also Watts rebellion
Los Angeles County, Calif., 205
Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), 209
Los Angeles Times, 335
Lost-Found Nation of Islam, see Nation of Islam
Louisiana, 83, 84, 170, 206
Louisville, Ky., 191
Loving v. Virginia, 283
Lowenstein, Allard, 271, 319
Lowndes County, Ala., 213
Lowndes County Freedom Organization, 213
lunch-counter protests, 102–3, 110
lynchings, 82
lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 203–6, 221–25
Macon, Ga., 40
Maddox, Lester, 359
Madison, Wis., 148–49, 260–61
Madison Square Garden (New York City), 97, 169
Magel, Jim, 248
Mailer, Norman, 39, 261
Malaya, 23
Malcolm X, 107–11, 124, 127, 154–55, 187, 213
Manchester, N.H., 270
Manila, battle for, 21
Mansfield, Mike, 334
Mantua Corners, Ohio, 380–81
Mao Zedong, 52, 179, 314, 373
march on the Pentagon, 260–63
March on Washington (1963), 126–29, 132, 142–44, 184
March on Washington (1965), 253
March on Washington (1969), 347
March on Washington Movement, 88
Marietta, Ga., 19, 30
Marion, Ala., 186–88
Marquette Park (Chicago), xviii, 390
Marshall, George, 51, 55, 90
Marshall, Thurgood, 89, 283, 389–90
Maryland, 149, 289, 377
Massachusetts, 8, 190, 289
Mattachine Society, 175, 328
McCain, John, Sr., 339, 340
McCarthy, Abigail, 277
McCarthy, Eugene, 271–72, 274, 277–78, 285–88, 291, 293, 296, 319, 320, 373
McCarthy, Joseph, 28, 34, 35, 52–53, 55, 56, 63, 148–49
McCarthyism, 39, 316
McCluskey, Henry, 324, 328–29, 341, 342
McCormick, Katharine Dexter, 41, 161–62
McCorvey, Missy, 305
McCorvey, Norma (Jane Roe), 305–7, 323–24, 328–29, 341–42, 363
McGovern, George, 271, 320, 334–35, 373, 374, 376, 378–80, 383
McIntyre, James, 326
McMillan, James, 311, 313, 336, 358, 360
McNair, Denise, 133, 136
McNamara, Robert, 71, 75, 76, 180, 182, 235, 237, 238–39, 241, 248, 249, 256, 261, 262, 354
Meadlo, Paul, 330
measles, 325
Medicaid, 177
Medicare, 177, 270
Meet the Press, 226
Mellon family, 206
Memphis, Tenn., 40, 279–80
Meredith, James, 115
Meridian, Miss., 154, 157
Mexico, 8, 327
Miami Beach, Fla., 289–90
Michigan, 8, 169, 191, 229, 282, 302, 377, 389
Midwest, the, 170, 298
Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 36
Milan, Mich., 107
military aid, 61
military draft, 17–18, 20, 27, 52, 107, 238
deferments and discrimination in, 243–44
draft card burnings, 252, 259
military-industrial complex, 70–71, 151–52
Miller, Clarence, 1, 42, 43
Milliken v. Bradley, 389–91
Milwaukee, Wis., 106, 149, 150
minimum wage, 144, 169, 177
Minnesota, 146
Mississippi, 30, 145, 170, 192, 295
anti–civil rights violence in, 39, 92, 124, 129–30, 359
civil rights movement in, 114–15, 150–51, 153–54, 156–59, 164, 166, 184
Democratic Party in, 13, 112
integration efforts in, 313, 332, 335–36
Jim Crow in, 83, 91
Mississippi Delta, 19, 40, 92, 115–17, 130, 150–51, 154, 157, 212–13
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), 153, 156–59, 164, 184
Missouri, 130
Mobile, Ala., 360
Monterey, Calif., 225
Monterey Pop Festival, 318
Montgomery, Ala., 90, 95, 103, 113–14, 116, 150, 218, 219, 250, 267
Montgomery bus boycott, 92–98, 101
Moorish Science Temple, 104–5
Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam, 319
Morehouse College, 94, 281
Morocco, 23
Morris, James G., 173–74
Morrison, Emily, 248
Morrison, Norman, 248–49, 252–53, 257–58, 261, 347, 364
Morse, Wayne, 271, 274
Moscow, USSR, 46, 63
Moscow summit (1972), 375
Moses, Bob, 115, 153, 154, 156, 158, 159, 166, 184, 251
Muhammad, Elijah, 106–11, 127, 154, 187, 211, 226
Munich agreement, 46–48, 65–66
music, 40, 161, 202, 221, 224–25, 252, 318
Muskie, Ed, 373–74
My Lai massacre, 329–32, 334, 335, 337, 353–54
Nagasaki atomic bombing, 21, 22, 45, 49
napalm, 44, 59, 239, 252, 254, 259
Nash, Diane, 113
Nashville, Tenn., 102, 103, 113, 361
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 84–94, 97, 99, 100, 102, 126–29, 195, 214, 258, 283, 311–13, 320, 333, 334, 337, 358, 360–62, 388, 390
National Guard, 32, 79, 80, 100, 209, 215–16, 218, 227–31, 261, 281, 294, 296, 344, 345, 346, 376
national health care, 24, 25
National Liberation Front (NLF, Viet Cong), 62, 65, 71, 73, 182, 197, 233–36, 238, 253, 272–73, 286, 291, 330, 384
National Organization for Women (NOW), 325, 326
National Review, 63
National Security Council, 74–75
National Socialists, 7
National Steel, 33
National Urban League, 127
National War College, 45
National Youth Administration, 140
Nation of Islam, 104–8, 127, 154, 187
Native Americans, 144, 287
Nazi Germany, xii, 17, 18, 21–23, 44, 46–49, 66, 300
NBC (NBC News), 226, 274
Nebraska, 285
neo-Nazis, 188
Neshoba County, Miss., 170
Netherlands, The, 17
Newark, N.J., 227, 228, 232, 263, 265, 268
New Deal, 9, 11–14, 16, 18–19, 24, 25, 29, 33, 34, 36, 52, 64, 88, 140, 144, 171, 236, 253, 291, 308–9, 362, 373
New Hampshire, 32, 270, 272, 274, 277, 373
New Haven, Conn., 172–74, 191, 320
New Haven Register, 196
New Jersey, 141, 190
New Kent County, Va., 283–84
Newton, Huey, 227
New York City
anti-war movements in, 250, 259, 263–64, 292, 320, 348, 351
Black migration to, 11
and civil rights movement, 167, 185, 190, 208, 257
Civil War draft riots in, 249
counterculture in, 41, 206, 222, 224, 226–27
Democratic Party in, 13
gay street life in, 17
Great Depression in, 6
Stonewall rebellion, 317–18
urban reconstruction in, 36
New Yorker, The, 67, 246
New York Review of Books, 226
New York State, 8, 302, 326, 363–65
New York Times, 33, 42, 57, 96, 121, 123, 214, 222, 224, 255, 263, 274, 275, 325–26, 329–30, 333, 337, 354–57, 360, 361, 364, 368, 372, 379
New York University, 154, 366
Nigeria, 23
Nixon, E. D., 93, 96
Nixon, Julie, 307, 347
Nixon, Pat, 380
Nixon, Richard M., and administration, xiii, xiv, 249
arms control initiatives, 378
background and early career, 55–56
California gubernatorial campaign (1962) and aftermath, 269–70
and China, 367–68, 372–73
and civil rights, 309–10, 313, 316, 332–33, 335–37, 359–60, 370–71, 374, 378
and civil unrest, 316–17, 319–22, 336
domestic agenda of, 308–9
economic policy of, 368–69
Dwight Eisenhower and legacy of, 307–8
and election of 1960, 64, 65, 69, 111
and election of 1968, 272, 282, 284, 289–90, 298, 299, 301–4
and election of 1972, 372–74, 379–80, 384
and liberals, 319
mental breakdown of, 350–51
racial agenda of, 309–10
and Supreme Court, 313, 332–33, 337–39, 370–71, 374, 385, 388–91
and USSR, 314, 354, 368, 378
and Vietnam War, 313–16, 329–35, 337, 339–41, 345–47, 349, 352–56, 371–72, 375–76, 384–85, 387–88
and Watergate break-in, 378–79, 388
Nol, Lon, 337, 339
Normandy, 21, 75
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 33, 34
North Beach (San Francisco), 41
North Carolina, 88, 89, 103, 360
North Carolina A & T, 102–3
Northeast, the, 170, 298, 302
North Korea, 27, 53, 60, 235, 385
North Side (Chicago), 218
Norway, 17
nuclear weapons, 44–45, 52, 169, 199, 264–65, 300, 314, 378; see also Cuban Missile Crisis
Oakland, Calif., 226, 227, 252, 260, 287, 288
Oberlin College, 153
O’Donnell, Kenneth, 138
Oglala Lakota, 287
Ohio, 8, 28, 302, 380–81
Ohio Wesleyan University, 153
Oklahoma, 182
Omaha, Nebr., 107, 287
One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest (Kesey), 204–5
101st Airborne, 101
Operation Rolling Thunder, 182–83, 237, 265, 315
oral contraceptives, 41–42
Orange County, Calif., 368
Oregon, 285
organized crime, 63
Oswald, Lee Harvey, 136
Pace University, 348
Pacific theater (World War II), 21, 22
pacifism, xii, xiv, 86–88, 97, 116, 214, 250–53, 260, 261, 279, 293–94, 296
Paris, France, 17
Paris peace talks, 286, 292, 301–2, 315, 332, 337, 352, 371, 379, 385
Parkland Memorial Hospital (Dallas, Tex.), 138
Parks, Rosa, 92, 93, 96, 98, 101
PCP, 225
Pearl Harbor (Honolulu), 18
Pennsylvania, 8, 302
Pentagon, see Defense Department
Pentagon building (Washington, DC), 248–49, 252, 260–63, 263–64, 287, 293, 320
Pentagon Papers, 354–57
Perlstein, Rick, xiii
Perry, Ga., 359
Philadelphia, Miss., 156
Philadelphia, Pa., 108, 155, 208, 209, 227, 309, 335, 380
Philippines, 21, 23
Phoenix, Ariz., 64, 162, 206
pill, the, 41–42, 161, 201–2
Pine Ridge Reservation, 287
Pittsburgh, Pa., 343
Planned Parenthood, 41, 162, 172–73, 325, 366
Playboy, 39, 161
Plessy, Homer, 83–84, 90
Plessy v. Ferguson, 10, 84, 90
Plumbers, the, 367, 372, 378–79
Poe v. Ullman, 173
Poland, 2, 17, 21, 49
Poles (Polish Americans), xviii, 3, 8, 20, 37, 38
poll taxes, 82
pollution, air and water, 177
Poole, Elijah, see Muhammad, Elijah
Poor People’s Campaign, 279
popular culture, 40–41, 161, 201–7, 220–26, 252, 318
populism, 120, 270–71, 299, 358–59
pornography, 3
Potter, Paul, 153, 253
Poughkeepsie, N.Y., 191
poverty, 26, 39, 128, 144, 177, 229, 244
Powell, Adam Clayton, 208
Powell, Lewis, 371
premarital sex, 194, 201–2
Presley, Elvis, 36, 40, 161
price supports, 9, 169
privacy, right to, 193–96, 201
pro-life movement, 364–65, 373; see also right to life
Protestant social reformers, 3–4
public housing projects, 20
public schools, 210, 236, 374; see also desegregation; school integration
public works programs, 9, 177
Pullman Company, 87
Pullman porters, 86–87, 93
pulp magazines, 39
Quakers (Quakerism), 88, 253
Quang Tri City, South Vietnam, 375
Queens College, 154
Que Son Valley (South Vietnam), 248
race-baiting, 359
racial populism, 270–71, 299, 358–59
racism, 10, 11, 82, 96, 149, 226, 245, 309, 359
radicals, xii, 151–54, 226–27, 250–51, 259, 289, 292, 296, 316, 322, 379
Raleigh, N.C., 103
RAND Corporation, 355–56
Randolph, A. Philip, 86, 87–88, 96, 126–28
rape, 82, 225
Ray, James Earl, 280
Rayburn, Sam, 139–40
RCA, 224
Reagan, Ronald, 226, 348
realtors, 12, 14, 30, 216, 218, 219–20
Reconstruction, 83
Red Army, 23, 48, 49, 54, 78
red-baiting, 25, 28, 56, 269
“red diaper babies,” 151
Reeb, James, 190–91, 192
Rehnquist, William, 64, 371
Reporter, 142
Republican Right, 51–52, 55, 63, 179, 237
Republicans (Republican Party)
and anti-Communism, 24, 28, 52–53, 64
Black support for, 69
and busing, 370
and civil rights, 117, 126, 141, 145–47, 150, 284, 327
and election of 1932, 7, 8
and election of 1936, 9–10, 13
and election of 1948, 24–25
and election of 1952, 28, 33–35
and election of 1960, 64, 111, 112
and election of 1964, 146–47, 150, 169–70
and election of 1968, 269, 282, 302–3, 384
and election of 1972, 372–73, 378–79, 380, 384
and immigration, 7–8
National Convention (1952), 128
National Convention (1964), 164, 168
National Convention (1968), 289–90
National Convention (1972), 380
and New Deal, xii
radical, 81, 85
and Supreme Court, 193
Republic Steel, 33
Reuther, Walter, 117, 128, 158, 255
Reynolds, Frank, 331
Rhode Island, 289
Ribicoff, Abraham, 297
Richmond, Va., 103
Right, the, xii–xiv, 52, 53, 55, 56, 59, 63–65, 143, 249, 273, 368, 380
right to choose, 327
right to life, 326, 364–65, 374; see also pro-life movement
Riverside Church (New York City), 257
Robertson, Carole, 133, 136
Robinson, Jackie, 300
Robinson, Jo Ann, 92–93, 96
Rockefeller, Nelson, 348
Roe v. Wade, 341–42, 363, 365–67, 374, 385–87, 389
Rolling Stones, 202
Romania, 49
Romney, George, 169, 191, 269
Rompala, Chester (Stella Cahill’s brother), 5
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 97, 119
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, and administration, 7–13, 16–18, 23–26, 29, 32–33, 46–49, 65–66, 68, 87, 88, 107, 140, 171, 236, 347
ROTC, 346
Roth, Stephen J., 361–62, 377, 389
Roxbury (Boston neighborhood), 227
Rubin, Jerry, 223, 254, 260, 293
Rusk, Dean, 75, 180, 182, 238
Russell, Richard, 140, 141
Rustin, Bayard, xiv, 88, 96–99, 102, 112, 115, 126–28, 143–44, 158, 184–85, 207, 250
Rutgers University, 345
Sacramento, Calif., 227
Safe Streets Act, 310
Saigon, South Vietnam, 61, 62, 71, 73, 131, 133, 134, 178, 179, 181–83, 197, 240, 249, 272–73, 302, 384
St. Ferdinand’s parish (Chicago), xvi, 26, 37, 38
St. Louis, Mo., 251
St. Patrick’s Cathedral (New York City), 364
St. Patrick’s High School (Chicago), 38, 42, 242
St. Philip’s High (Chicago), 16
Sanchez, Manolo, 349–50
Sandersville, Ga., 106
San Diego, Calif., 169
San Francisco, Calif., 41, 124, 201–5, 207, 221, 223, 226, 227, 232, 251, 260, 322, 361; see also Haight-Ashbury
San Quentin Prison, 104
Saturday Evening Post, 169, 201, 231, 232
satyagraha, 87, 97
Savio, Mario, 164–67
school segregation and desegregation, see desegregation; segregation
Schwerner, Michael, 154, 156–57
school integration, 283–84, 290, 310–13, 332, 335–36, 357–58, 359–62, 374, 377, 388–390
Scott, Bruce, 175, 196, 199, 328
Scott ruling, 196
Scottsboro Boys, 87
Seale, Bobby, 227, 316
“search and destroy,” 65, 239–40, 245–46, 286, 315
Sears, 26
Secret Service, 138, 350, 387
segregation; see also desegregation; Jim Crow
Gandhians’ resistance to, 88, 92–98
and Jim Crow system, 83–84
in movie theaters, 83
in northern and western cities, 11–12, 20, 30, 37, 209–10, 216
origins of, 10
on railroads, 83
in real estate market, 30
in schools, 79–81, 89–92, 91, 310–13, 332
support for, 10–12, 20, 81–87, 149
Selma, Ala., 185–93, 197, 208, 210, 212, 218, 219, 266, 303
Senate, US, 28, 55, 56, 64, 140, 141, 145, 170, 181, 190, 198, 238, 256, 271, 275, 283, 285, 332, 333, 335, 336, 338, 388
Senate Armed Services Committee, 340
Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 179, 255, 335, 353
Senate Judiciary Committee, 145, 177
Seoul, South Korea, 27
“separate but equal” doctrine, 10, 83–84
Sex and the Single Girl (Brown), 161
sex education, 365
sexuality, xv, 3, 17, 39–41, 56, 82, 93, 161, 194, 201–2, 386–87; see also homosexuality
sexual orientation, 53, 175–76
Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band (album), 224
Shaw University, 89, 103
Signal Corps, 21
Sihanouk, Norodom, 337
“silent center,” 282, 384
silent majority, 322, 329, 338, 376
sit-ins, xii, 102–4, 107, 110–11, 121, 124, 166, 191, 251, 252, 259
Situation Room (White House), 273
Sixteenth Street Baptist Church (Birmingham, Ala.), 118, 132–33
slavery, 10, 81, 82
Slovaks, 3
Smith, Howard W., 160–61, 198
Smith, Lamar, 92
Smith College, 347
socialism, 33, 86–87, 88
socialized medicine, 25
social reformers, 3–4
Social Security, 9, 34, 35, 169, 177
sodomy laws, 328–29, 365, 387
Solomon Islands, 66
South, the, xii; see also Deep South; Mississippi Delta; Upper South
Civil War–related violence in, 115
Democrats’ post–Civil War domination of, 10, 82, 84, 111
early civil rights movement in, 88–89, 98, 102, 107, 110, 141
and election of 1932, 8
and election of 1960, 141–42
and election of 1964, 146–48, 167
and election of 1968, 303
Jim Crow system in, 81–83, 126
map, xvii
and New Deal, 11
South Africa, 48, 87, 150
South Carolina, 24–25, 167, 170
South Dakota, 285, 287, 317
Southeast Asia, 23, 179, 387
southern bloc, 25, 184
Southern California, 147, 169–70, 368
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 98–99, 103, 121, 124, 127, 157, 159, 186, 190, 207–8, 210, 211, 215–17, 219, 220, 258, 312
southern Democrats, xii, 10, 24–25, 81–84, 141, 146, 157, 184
South Korea, 27, 53, 60, 237
South Side (Chicago), 3, 4, 12, 18, 20, 26, 30–31, 106, 150, 216, 217, 218, 296
Southwest Texas State Teachers College, 139
Soviet Union (USSR), xii, 17, 18, 21, 23, 24, 33, 44–55, 57–59, 63, 69, 73–78, 86, 130, 136, 168, 241, 314, 354, 368, 375, 378
space program, 196, 339
Spanish-American War, 249
Spanish flu, 5
Speakers’ Corner (Harlem), 85
Springfield, Ore., 202–3
Stalin, Joseph, 23
Stanford University, 71, 154, 203, 204, 317, 345
states’ rights, 64
“statism,” 33
Stennis, John, 340
Stevenson, Adlai, 32, 35, 69, 135
Stewart, Jimmy, 380
Stewart, Potter, 194
Stockholm, Sweden, 163
stock market, 65, 347
stockyards (Chicago), 6
Stonewall rebellion, 317–18
STP, 225
Strategic Air Command, 45
Studebaker, 33
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), 104, 113–15, 120, 127, 130, 150–54, 156, 163–64, 166, 184–85, 188, 207–8, 212–14, 227, 251, 259, 279
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), 151–52, 250–54, 258, 260–61, 293, 294, 317, 318, 320
studio production code, 17
suburbs, 30, 35–38, 147, 149, 210, 227, 231, 232, 282, 287, 288, 357, 362
Summer of Love, 224–25, 232
Sunrise at Campobello (film), 347
Supreme Court, US, 30, 89, 97, 102, 112, 115, 174–75, 299, 358, 362, 371
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, 90–91, 93, 94, 99, 125, 283, 284, 328, 336, 374, 389
Green v. County School Board of New Kent County, 283–84, 310–13, 389
Griswold v. Connecticut, 193–96, 201, 328, 363, 386–87
Lyndon Johnson and, 285
John Kennedy and, 113
Keyes v. School District No. 1, Denver, Colo., 388–89
Loving v. Virginia, 283
Milliken v. Bradley, 389–91
Richard Nixon and, 310, 332–35, 337–38, 355, 356
Plessy v. Ferguson, 10, 84, 90
Poe v. Ullman, 173
Roe v. Wade, 341–42, 363, 365–67, 374, 385–87, 389
Franklin Roosevelt and, 88
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 360–61, 370, 388
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 360–61, 370, 388
Taft, Robert, 28, 34, 36, 63
“Talented Tenth,” 85, 94
Tallahassee, Fla., 124–25, 333
Talmadge, Herman, 91
Tampa, Fla., 227
Tan Son Nhut, South Vietnam, 272
Taylor, Maxwell, 45–46, 183, 197
teach-ins, 251–52, 259
Teamsters, 265
television, 36, 37, 40, 123, 202, 273; see also evening news
tenements, 20, 36, 177, 228
Tennessee, 111, 197, 358
Terry, Michael, 330
Tet Offensive, 272–73, 286, 330
Texas, 10, 25, 89, 112, 134–35, 140, 144, 147, 190, 197, 295, 325, 327, 387
Thailand, 372
thalidomide, 162, 202
Thieu, Nguyen Van, 384–85
Third Amendment, 195
Thirteenth Amendment, 81
Tho, Le Duc, 332
Thompson, Hunter S., 224
Thornton, Big Mama, 40
Thurmond, Strom, 24–25, 167, 285, 298, 358
Till, Emmett, 39, 92
Tillman, Ben, 82
Time, 33, 67, 98, 204, 214, 266, 373
Title VII of Civil Rights Act, 161
Tokyo, firebombing of, 21, 44
Trips Festival, 221
Truman, Harry, and administration, 23–25, 27–29, 32, 33, 35–36, 49–56, 59, 61, 176, 179, 237, 265, 269, 270
Truman Doctrine, 51
Trumbull, John, 198
Tulsa, Okla., 230
Tunisia, 23
Turkey, 50, 51, 75, 78
Twenty-Second Amendment, 63–64
Uganda, 23
unemployment (unemployment rate), 7, 9, 13, 24, 29, 36, 368
unions and unionization, 9, 13, 19, 36, 86, 87–88, 117, 126, 155, 160, 169, 255–56, 265, 334
United Automobile Workers (UAW), 117, 127, 128, 158, 255
United Fruit Company, 57
United Nations, 48, 252
United Press International (UPI), 349
Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), 85–86, 92, 106, 107
University of Alabama, 125
University of Buffalo, 344, 348
University of California, Berkeley, 90, 151, 154, 164–67, 223, 226, 250–52, 254, 317, 345
University of Chicago, xviii, 37, 211
University of Maryland, 345
University of Michigan, 151, 152, 251, 320
University of Mississippi, 115–17
University of Notre Dame, 242–43, 383
University of Oregon, 203
University of Texas, 325, 327
University of Washington, 348
University of Wisconsin, 148–49, 251, 260–61, 320, 345
Upper South, 112–13, 147, 170, 282, 302
Upper West Side (New York City), 257, 292
urban renewal, 26–27, 31, 36–37, 177, 236
US Census Bureau, 202
US Department of Defense (“Pentagon”), 29, 30, 36, 57, 71, 74, 151–52, 237, 247, 261, 275, 339, 345, 352, 355, 387; see also Joint Chiefs of Staff; Pentagon
US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 284
US Department of Justice, 123, 190, 284, 313, 316, 360
US Department of Labor, 175–76
US Department of State, 28, 50, 52, 53, 55, 56–57, 61, 172, 339
US Department of the Treasury, 57, 71
US dollar, 48, 65, 275–76, 369–70
USS Maddox, 180
USSR, see Soviet Union
USS Turner Joy, 180
Vacuum Can Company, xvi, 22–23, 27, 29, 38, 39, 42, 243
Vatican, 133
Vice, Rex, 347
Vice Lords, 210
Viet Cong, see National Liberation Front (NLF)
Viet Minh, 58, 59, 62
Vietnam Veterans Against the War, 352–54
Vietnam War, xii, xv
air war in, 180–181, 182, 196–97, 239, 277, 301, 315, 333–34, 352, 371–72, 375–76, 379, 385
and anti-war movement, 249–54, 263–65, 248, 271, 320–22, 329, 345–48, 351–53
casualties, US, 131, 182, 197, 209, 273, 286, 315, 329, 335, 376, 388
casualties, Vietnamese, 241, 246, 247, 273, 330, 388
and economy, 237, 275–77, 313–14, 368–70, 387
ground war in, 239–41, 272–273, 314–15, 330–31, 339–40, 349, 376
historical background, 57–62
Lyndon Johnson and, 178–83, 189, 196–97, 199, 233–42, 268–69, 277–79, 291–93, 313–16, 373
John Kennedy and, 67, 70, 71, 73–74, 131–34
map, xix
My Lai massacre, 329–32, 334, 335, 337, 353–54
Richard Nixon and, 371–72, 375–76, 378–81, 384–85, 387–88
peace talks, 277–79, 286, 292, 301–2, 315, 332, 337, 352, 371, 379, 385
soldiers’ experience in, 244–48
Tet Offensive, 272–73, 286, 330
Village Voice, 263–64
Vinton, Bobby, 161
Virginia, 91, 93, 111, 141, 198
Vogue, 200
voter registration drives, 92, 98, 150–51, 185–87, 192, 210, 266
voting rights, 10, 82, 89, 126, 185–86, 299
Voting Rights Act, 208, 266, 390
voting rights bills, 141, 197
Wabash College, 347
Wade, Henry, 329
Walker, Patrick Gordon, 235
Wallace, George
and busing, 370, 374
and civil rights bill, 130, 131
and civil rights movement, 188, 190, 281, 282
Lyndon Johnson and, 191
presidential campaigns of, xiv, 148–49, 168, 266–68, 270–72, 282–84, 287, 289–90, 298–302, 309, 322, 373–74, 377–78, 384, 389, 390
as racial populist, 270–71, 358–59
and segregation, 120, 125
Wallace, Lurleen, 266–67, 282, 302, 358
Wallace, Mike, 110, 330
Wall Street, 7, 57, 71, 259, 320, 347, 348, 351
Wall Street Journal, 282
war on poverty, 144–45, 176–77, 236
Warren, Earl, 90–91, 101, 194–95, 285
Warren, Mich., 362
Warsaw uprising, 21
Washington, DC, 106, 112, 175, 191, 208, 226, 251, 279–81, 319, 329; see also March on Washington (1963); March on Washington (1965); March on Washington (1969)
Washington, George, 70
Washington Post, 33, 121, 156, 196, 337, 343, 344, 355, 368, 379, 388
Watergate, 367, 372, 378–79, 388
Waters, Muddy, 40
Watts neighborhood (Los Angeles), 226, 232, 288
Watts rebellion, xii–xiii, 208–9, 228
Wayne, John, 200
Weathermen, 318–19
Weddington, Sarah, 324–25, 327, 341, 363, 365–67, 374
Wehrmacht, 21, 46, 49
Weinberg, Jack, 165
Welch, Robert, 130
welfare state, xiii, 9, 309
“We Shall Overcome” (song), 164, 217, 252, 296
Wesley, Cynthia, 133, 136
West, the, 69, 146–48, 298, 361
Westchester County, N.Y., 380
West Eddy Street (Chicago), see Eddy Street
Western Electric, 2, 31
Westinghouse, 343
Westmoreland, William, 239, 240, 258
West Side (Chicago), 4, 6, 12, 15, 20, 23, 37–38, 210, 215–17, 228–30, 232
West Side (Dallas), 324
West Side (Detroit), 228–29
West Virginia, 370
Wheaton, Md., 343, 344
Wheeling, W. Va., 52
White, Theodore, 268, 270
White Citizens’ Councils, 91–92, 97, 99, 100
white flight, 31, 37, 357, 362
White House (venue), 70, 73, 77, 136, 186, 191, 251, 252, 273, 281, 320, 329, 347–51, 372
whites
Black Power feared by, 214
as civil rights activists, 152–53
and election of 1952, 35
and election of 1960, 69
and election of 1964, 170
and election of 1968, 384
and election of 1972, 384
fear of civil rights–related violence among, 231, 281
in Jim Crow system, 82–84, 89
lukewarm support for civil rights by, 167
racial violence instigated by, 12, 20, 31–32, 82, 85, 92, 97, 113–16, 119, 129–30, 132–33, 150, 154, 156, 216–17, 280–81, 336
and real estate market, 30–31
segregation supported by, 10–12, 20, 91–93, 101
and suburbanization, 30, 281–82, 362, 377, 389–90
support for George Wallace by, 120, 149–50, 267–68, 282, 289, 298–99, 302, 359, 377
Whittier College, 55
“whiz kids,” 179
Wilkins, Roger, 127
Wilkins, Roy, 128, 214
Williams, Hosea, 188–89
Wilson, Woodrow, 141, 249
Winona, Miss., 129–30
Wisconsin, 28, 55–56, 148–49, 278
Women’s Political Council, 92
women’s rights, 159–60, 163–64. see also Griswold v. Connecticut; Poe v. Ullman; Roe v. Wade; Title VII of Civil Rights Act.
Woodstock Festival, 318
Woolworth’s, 102–3
World Bank, 48
World Trade Center (New York City), 348
World War I, 5, 28, 249
World War II, xi, 17–22, 28, 29, 32–33, 43–49, 54, 58, 66, 71, 75, 78, 91, 238, 239, 243, 249
Yale Law School, 193
Yale University, 34, 153, 154, 226, 320, 353
Yalta Conference, 49
Yarborough, Ralph, 190, 197
Young, Andrew, 186, 212, 215, 280
Young Businessmen’s Club of Montgomery, 190
Young Republicans, 147
Zhou Enlai, 372–73