Abolitionists: Adams’s (Henry) views of, 8
Alcott’s writings about, 20–21
Child’s views about, 55
Hawthorne’s views about, 161
and morality, 41
Stowe’s views about, 242
Adams, Charles Francis, 4, 284n7
Adams, Charles Francis, Jr., 3, 4–17
Adams, Henry Brooks: family background of, 3
letters of, 3, 4–17
photograph of, 2
sketch about, 3–4
“Advice from an Old Friend” (Child essay), 40–41, 51–55
Alcott, Bronson, 19
Alcott, Louisa May: health of, 19–20
Hospital Sketches by, 20, 21, 24–37
journal of, 21–24
photograph of, 18
publications of, 20–21, 24–37
sketch about, 19–21
Whitman’s views about, 255
Almeida, Joseph-Charles d’, 262, 292n14
“The American Apocalypse” (Douglass speech), 103–5
“American Civilization” (Emerson essay), 127–29
American Revolution, 108, 110, 143
“The American Scholar” (Emerson essay), 121
Anderson, Nick, 15
Antietam, battle at, 264
“Apathy and Enthusiasm” (Melville poem), 199–201
An Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans
Called Africans (Child essay), 39
Athenaeum (Boston), 39
Atlantic Monthly: Emerson’s essay in, 127–32
Forten’s essay in, 144, 155–59
Hawthorne’s essay in, 162, 167–76
Higginson’s essays in, 182, 183–95
Howells as editor of, 75
Stowe’s essays in, 235–36, 239–45, 246–51
Augusta, Ga., 216
Bagby, George William, 213, 290n1
Bancroft, George, 187, 290n6
Banks, Nathaniel, 48, 69, 97, 105–6, 126, 285n18
Banneker, Benjamin, 40, 51
Barnard, Anna, 133
Baton Rouge, La., 84
“The Batteries of Joyeuse” (Cooke essay), 72–73
Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War (Melville), 197–211
Beaufort, S.C., 150, 158, 159, 216, 243
Beauregard, P.G.T., 58, 59, 64, 65–66, 69, 70–72, 83, 195, 216–17, 228, 290n10
Beecher, Eunice, 238, 291n10
Beecher, Henry Ward, 235, 238, 239
Bennoch, Francis, 164–65, 176–77, 289n9
Berryville, Va., 90
Bethel, S.C., battle at, 219
Biggs, Matilda Ashurst, 138–39
“The Black Man’s Future in the Southern States” (Douglass speech), 109–11
Blacks: in the American Revolution, 108, 110, 143
distrust of whites by, 194
inferiority of, 52, 156
as informers, 91
and paternalism, 209–10
and the Puritans, 173
reactions to Union army occupation by, 55, 81, 89–90, 91, 150, 155, 189–90, 232–33
and religion, 194–95
role models for, 40, 51–55
self-help for, 100
as sick/wounded, 269–70, 277
suffrage for, 100, 119
Union aid for, 243
in the War of 1814, 108, 110. See also Blacks in the Union army
Port Royal, S.C.
Blacks in the Union army: Alcott’s views of, 20–21
and the Charleston battle, 154, 158–59
commandants for, 83, 87, 181, 287n14
Douglass’s views about, 100, 106, 108, 115–16
Emerson’s views about, 135–37
Forten’s views about, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 157, 158–59
Hawthorne’s views about, 164
Higginson’s views about, 182, 188–95
and the Labadieville battle, 97
pay for, 100
as servants, 82, 89–90, 106
Blair, Montgomery, 183, 289n3
Blank, Miss, 26–27
Bloom, Nathaniel, 263–65, 273, 292n15
Brashear City, La., 89, 97
Breckinridge, John Cabell, 84, 85, 286n13
Bremer, Fredrika, 51, 285n19
Bridge, Horatio, 161, 163–64, 165–66, 167, 288n1, 289n6
Bright, Henry A., 166–67, 177–78
Brisbane, W. H., 192
Brooks, Livingston, 267
Brown, John: and Blair, 289n3
Child’s views of, 39, 40, 45
Douglass’s views about, 118–19
Emerson’s views about, 289n14
Hawthorne’s views about, 174–75
Higginson’s views about, 181, 184
legacy of, 82–83
Melville’s views about, 199
Stowe’s views about, 240
Whittier’s ballad about, 174
Brown, Lewis K., 266, 270–71, 292n20
Bull Run, battles at, 5, 65, 219, 264
Burns, Anthony, 181
Burnside, Ambrose E., 26, 67–68, 69, 192, 284n7
Butler, Benjamin Franklin, 42, 79, 81, 82, 87, 126, 285n10, 286n9
Cabot, James Eliot, 124–25
Caesar, Julius, 69–70
Campbell, L. H., 261
Camp Kearny, 87–88
Camp Parapet, 82–86, 90
Carlyle, Thomas, 137, 140–41, 288n7
Carrollton, La., 81–82
Centreville, battle at, 64, 65, 69
Chandler, Zachariah, 8, 284n10
Chaplains, 28, 88, 192, 193, 195, 239, 270, 271
Chapman, John Jay, 4
Charleston, S.C., 75–76, 154, 158–59, 216, 265–66
“Charleston Under Arms” (De Forest essay), 75–76
Cheever, Dr., 151
Chickamauga, battle of, 14
“Chiefly About War-Matters” (Hawthorne essay), 162, 167–76
Child, Lydia Maria: “Advice from an Old Friend” by, 40–41, 51–55
death of, 41
Fields (Annie) as friend of, 291n8
The Freedmen’s Book edited by, 40, 41, 51–55
Higginson’s relationship with, 181
letters of, 41–51
photograph of, 38
publications of, 39, 40, 41, 51–55
sketch about, 39–41
Children: Stowe’s views about, 249
Whitman’s views about, 262
“The Chimney-Corner” (Stowe essay), 246–51
Chimney Sweep (Stowe), 237
Civil War: benefits of the, 125–26, 134, 137, 138, 141, 167, 173, 249–50
causes of the, 43, 108, 124–25, 164, 166, 236
as defining event for a generation, 3, 4, 10, 14
effects on civilians of, 107–8, 112–13, 127, 167–69; 213–33
excesses of the, 207–8
as inevitable, 131–32
as an irrepressible conflict, 43, 108, 185–86
morality of the, 123
as a necessity, 138–39
writing about the real, 20, 281
Civil War—end of the: Adams’s (Henry) views of the, 9–11, 16–17
Child’s views about the, 44
Douglass’s views about the, 102–3, 108–11, 113, 116–19
Emerson’s views about the, 123
Hawthorne’s views about the, 164, 165–66, 167, 176, 178–79
Higginson’s views about the, 183
Melville’s views about the, 198
Simms’s views about the, 215
Whitman’s views about the, 266. See also Reconstruction
Class issues, 12–13
Clergy, Emerson’s views about the, 121–22. See also Chaplains
Cold Harbor, battle of, 63
“The College Colonel” (Melville poem), 201–2
Columbia, S.C., 216, 231–33
Commonwealth, The (journal), 20
Confederacy: envoys to England of the, 5, 220–21, 290–91n13
organization of the, 240
Union blockade of the, 8. See also Confederate army;
Confederate prisoners;
Secession
Confederate army, raising of the, 219, 220, 221
Confederate prisoners: Alcott’s views of nursing, 28–29
blacks policing of, 195
Hawthorne’s views about, 175
Whitman’s views about, 262, 263, 270, 277
Congress, U.S.: Child’s views of, 48
Melville’s views about, 210–11
and Reconstruction, 210–11
representation in, 210
Whitman’s views about, 264, 274, 275
Constitution, U.S.: Child’s views about the, 43, 45, 47
Douglass’s views about the, 117
Emerson’s views about the, 136
and fugitive slaves, 43, 45
Higginson’s views about the, 184
Melville’s views about the, 206
Simms’s views about the, 218–20
Stowe’s views about the, 240, 241, 242
Contraband camps, 269–70, 277
Cooke, John Esten (aka Tristan Joyeuse):
“The Batteries of Joyeuse” by, 72–73
“A Day with Beauregard” by, 69–72
death of, 59
“Describes the Den of Joyeuse” by, 59–61
photograph of, 56
publications of, 57, 59
sketch about, 57–59
“Some Celebrated Yankees” by, 66–69
“The Sorrows of Fairfax” by, 64–66
“Stonewall Jackson, and the Old Stonewall Brigade” by, 61–64
Cotton, 9, 10, 222
Crafts, William and Ellen, 51
Crittenden Amendment, 117, 287n13
Cudworth, Rev. Mr., 239
Curtis, Margaret, 273–74, 292n23
Cutler, William P., 48–49, 285n16
Davis, Jefferson, 42–43, 84, 162–63, 184, 222
“The Day of Jubilee Comes” (Douglass speech), 113–14
Death: Alcott’s views of, 20, 31, 33, 35–37
Emerson’s views about, 122, 139–40
Simms’ views about, 214 222, 223–25, 229–30, 291n16
Stowe’s views about, 247
Whitman’s views about, 257, 264, 268, 269, 271–73, 280–81. See also specific person
Declaration of Independence, 115, 129, 184
De Forest, John William: “Charleston Under Arms” by, 75–76
death of, 77
“The First Time Under Fire” by, 90–97
photograph of, 74
publications of, 75–76
sketch of, 75–77
A Volunteer’s Adventures: A Union Captain’s Record of the Civil War by, 76, 77–90
Democracy: Adams’s (Henry) views of, 12–13, 17
and class issues, 12–13
in Cooke’s writings, 57
and the military, 186, 274
and war, 186
Whitman’s views about, 274
“Describes the Den of Joyeuse” (Cooke essay), 59–61
The Dial (newspaper), 122
Dickinson, Emily, 182
“Divinity School Address” (Emerson), 121–22
Douglass, Frederick: “The American Apocalypse” by, 103–5
“The Black Man’s Future in the Southern States” by, 109–11
as a contributor to The Freedmen’s Book, 40
“The Day of Jubilee Comes” by, 113–14
“Emancipation, Racism, and the Work Before Us” by, 118–19
“Fighting the Rebels with One Hand” by, 106–9
“Hope and Despair in These Cowardly Times” by, 101–3
influence of, 99–100
“January First, 1863” by, 114–15
letters of, 105–6
photograph of, 98
“The Present and Future of the Colored Race in America” by, 116–18
“The Proclamation and the Negro Army” by, 115–16
as a role model, 51
sketch of, 99–100
“The Slaveholder’s Rebellion” by, 111–13
writings about, 40
writings of, 99
Douglass, Lewis, 100
Draft riots, 270, 292n22
Drum-Taps (Whitman), 255
“Drum-Taps” (Whitman poem), 277–80
Du Pont, Samuel F., 265, 292n18
Duyckinck, Evert Augustus, 57, 215, 290n5
Duyckinck, George, 57
Education: Adams’s (Henry) views of, 11
of blacks, 243. See also Forten, Charlotte
Education (Henry Adams), 3, 4
Elections: of 1860, 286n13
of 1864, 16–17
Elliott, John, 267
Emancipation/Emancipation Proclamation: Adams’s (Henry) views about, 8, 9, 12
Child’s views about, 40, 42, 44–45, 50
Douglass’s views about, 111, 113–16, 118–19
Emerson’s views about, 122, 129–32
and England, 12, 129, 236, 241
Forten’s views about, 151, 158
Higginson’s views about, 187–88, 192–93
Melville’s views about, 209, 210
Stowe’s views about, 236, 241–43, 244–45
in West Indies, 53–54, 129, 241
“Emancipation, Racism, and the Work Before Us” (Douglass speech), 118–19
Emerson, Ralph Waldo: “American Civilization” by, 127–29
“The American Scholar” by, 121
“Divinity School Address” by, 121–22
Hawthorne’s relationship with, 161, 163, 167, 177
Higginson’s relationship with, 181–82
journals of, 123, 125–27, 133–38, 287–88n5
letters of, 123–25, 137, 138–41
Nature by, 121
photograph of, 120
“The President’s Proclamation” by, 129–32
quote about John Brown by, 174, 289n14
and the Saturday Club, 289n15
“Self-Reliance” by, 122
sketch of, 121–23
Whitman’s letter to, 256–58
England: Adams’s (Henry) stay in, 3, 4–17
Adams’s (Henry) views of, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9–10, 12–13
Child’s views of, 44, 49
Confederate envoys to, 5, 220–21, 290–91n113
and the Emancipation Proclamation, 12, 236
and emancipation in West Indies, 129, 241
Emerson’s views about, 122, 137, 139, 140–41
Hawthorne’s views about, 161, 165, 166
Simms’s views about, 217, 221–22
Stowe’s views about, 236, 239–45
universities in, 11
Whitman’s views about, 266
women in, 236, 239–45
“Ensign Spooney” (Thackeray), 32
Equal rights: Douglass’s views about, 106, 107, 117–18
Emerson’s views about, 135
Everett, Edward, 79, 286n10
Evolution, 128
Fairfax County, Va., Cooke’s views of, 64–66
Families/home: of soldiers in Union army, 86–87
Stowe’s views about, 235–36, 237, 246–51
Farley, William Downs, 58
Farragut, David Glasgow, 91, 287n15
Ferrero, Edward, 255, 292n12
Fields, Annie, 237, 291n8
Fields, James, 162, 163, 288n3, 4
“Fighting the Rebels with One Hand” (Douglass speech), 106–9
“The First Time Under Fire” (De Forest essay), 90–97
FitzPatrick, Dr., 23
“Formerly a Slave. An Idealised Portrait by E. Vedder, in the Spring Exhibition of the National Academy, 1865” (Melville poem), 203
Fort Donelson, 5, 90–91
Forten, Charlotte: Child’s views of, 51
as a contributor to The Freedmen’s Book, 40
health of, 145, 147, 155
journals of, 143–44, 145–55, 288n3
“Life on the Sea Islands” by, 155–59
photograph of, 142
publications of, 144
sketch about, 143–45
Whittier’s views about, 144–45
Forten, James, 40, 143
Forten, Robert, 143
Fort Jackson, 80, 81, 90
Fort Leon, 81
Fort Monroe, 42, 161–62
Fort Pickens, 42
Fort Sumter, 184, 200, 208, 215, 216, 219, 253
Fort Wagner, 20–21, 158, 285n12
France, 11, 137, 266
Fredericksburg, battles at, 19, 24, 26, 30, 67, 192, 254, 255–56, 259–60, 263, 264, 275
Free blacks: behavior toward women of, 52
Child’s advice to, 51–55
and the disadvantages of being free, 53–54
Douglass’s views about, 100
Forten family as, 143
and the legal system, 54
and middle-class values, 144. See also Blacks
The Freedmen’s Book (Child), 40, 41, 51–55
French, Rev. Mr., 151, 192
Fugitive Slave Act, 39, 42–43, 240, 242
Fugitive slaves: Child’s views of, 42, 43, 45
and the Constitution, 43, 45
Douglass’s views about, 118–19
Emerson’s views about, 136
Higginson’s views about, 181, 191
Stowe’s views about, 240, 242
Union army policy about, 105–6
Furness, Dr., 46
Garrison, William Lloyd, 40, 149, 288n7
Gender issues, and racism, 144–45
Gettysburg, Pa.: battle of, 4, 14, 236, 246, 271, 275, 284n12, 291n7
consecration of cemetery at, 286n10
Gough, John, 190, 290n7
Gray, Fred, 264
Gray, John Frederick Schiller, 263–65, 292n15
“The Great Army of the Sick” (Whitman essay), 258–62
Greeley, Horace, 137
Grimké, Francis, 145
Grimm, Herman, 123–24
Habeas corpus, suspension of, 107
Hammond, Edward Spann, 229–30
Hammond, James Henry: death of, 229–30, 291n18
Simms’s letters to, 214, 217–18, 220–22, 223–24, 227–28
sketches about, 290n2 290n11, 291n17
Harper’s Ferry, 161–62, 181, 184, 219
Harper’s New Weekly Magazine, De Forest essay in, 90–97
Haskell, Erastus, 271–73
Haskell, Mr. and Mrs. S. B., 271–73
Hawthorne, Julian, 22
Hawthorne, May 22
Hawthorne, Nathaniel: “Chiefly About War-Matters” by, 162, 167–76
death of, 123, 163
Emerson’s relationship with, 123, 161, 163, 167, 177
Fields (Annie) as friend of, 291n8
Higginson’s views about, 182
letters of, 163–67, 176–79, 289n7
Melville’s relationship with, 197, 198
Our Old Home dedication by, 162, 178–79
photograph of, 160
publications of, 161
sketch about, 161–63
Hawthorne, Rose, 165
Hayne, Paul Hamilton, 226–27, 228–29, 291n15
Heroes/heroines: Cooke’s views about, 58, 61–62, 66–69
De Forest’s views about, 77, 89
and the Emancipation Proclamation, 131
Emerson’s views of, 131
Forten’s views about, 144, 151–52
Higginson’s views about, 181, 182, 187
Melville’s views about, 206, 211
Simms’s views about, 220
and slave insurrections, 181
Stowe’s views about, 245
wounded as, 96
Heron, Matilda Agnes, 265, 292n17
Higginson, Louisa, 183
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth: Army Life in a Black Regiment by, 182
Child’s influence on, 181
as commandant of a black regiment, 181, 183, 188–95
death of, 183
Emerson’s relationship with, 181–82
Forten’s views about, 144, 151, 152, 157
health of, 181–82
journal of, 182, 188–95
“Leaves from an Officer’s Journal” by, 182, 188–95, 288n8
letters of, 183
“The Ordeal by Battle” by, 182, 183–86
photograph of, 180
“Regular and Volunteer Officers” by, 182, 186–88
sketch about, 181–83
and Whitman, 253
writings by, 181, 182
Hill, Theophilus Hunter, 230–31, 291n19
History: Adams’s (Henry) views of, 17
Emerson’s views about major events in, 129
Hawthorne’s views about, 172–73
Holmes, John A., 256, 267–68
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 167
Home, Stowe’s views about, 235–36, 237, 246–51
Homestead Act (1862), 129
Hooker, Joseph, 68, 266, 292n19
“Hope and Despair in These Cowardly Times” (Douglass speech), 101–3
Hospitals, Stowe (Frederick) to serve in, 237–38. See also Hospital Sketches (Alcott); Nursing; Whitman, Walt, caring for sick/wounded by
Hospital Sketches (Alcott), 20, 21, 24–37
Howard, Jack, 246
Howells, William Dean, 75, 76, 182, 198
Hypocrisy, Child’s views of, 49
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (Jacobs), 40
Independent (New York publication), 235
Indians, Child’s views of, 41
Irving, Washington, 72
Jackson, Andrew, 51, 108, 110
Jackson, Thomas (Stonewall), 58, 61–64, 68
Jacobs, Harriet, 40
Jamaica. See West Indies
James, Henry, 76
Johnson, Andrew, 50–51
Joyeuse, Tristan. See Cooke, John Esten
Julian, George W., 47–48, 54, 285n15
Kautz, August, 187, 290n5
Kendall, Miss, 22
Kent, James, 109, 287n10
Kuhn, James Hamilton, 11, 284n11
Labadieville, battle at, 88–97
Law, Child’s views of, 43
Laws of nature, 14–15
Lawson, James, 213, 218–20, 290n12
“Leaves from an Officer’s Journal” (Higginson), 182, 288n8
Leaves of Grass (Whitman), 255, 278
Lee, Robert E., 68
Legal system, and free blacks, 54
Leutze, Emmanuel Gottlieb, 179, 289n13
Liberalism, 182
Life of Stonewall Jackson (Cooke), 58
Lincoln, Abraham: Adams’s (Henry) views of, 8, 17
Child’s views about, 50
Cooke’s views about, 67, 68–69
death of, 17, 50
Douglass’s views about, 100, 115, 118
election of, 240
Emerson’s views about, 122, 127, 136–37
Hawthorne’s views about, 161, 162, 170–72
Melville’s views about, 210
power of, 115
and Stowe as influential in causing Civil War, 236
Stowe’s views about, 240, 241, 242–43
Whitman’s views about, 264, 268–69, 274, 275. See also Emancipation/Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln, Mary Todd, 47
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 289n15
Longstreet, James, 68
L’Ouverture, Toussaint, 40, 51, 148, 195, 288n6
Lowell, Robert, 167, 289n15, 291n8
Lowery, John, 256
Loyalty, Hawthorne’s views about, 172
McClellan, George, 16, 50, 67, 69, 126, 162, 169, 284n14
Manassas: battles at, 57, 59, 61, 64, 65, 67, 71, 219
Hawthorne’s tour of, 161–62, 168–69
Manners, Emerson’s views about, 124, 133
Martin, Margaret Maxwell, 215–16, 290n7
Martin, William Maxwell, 215, 290n8
“The Martyr. Indicative of the Passion of the People on the 15th of April 1865” (Melville poem), 202–3
Mason, James M., 5, 39, 284n9, 290–91n13
Mason, Mrs. James, 39
Mathews, Brander, 77, 286n6
May, Samuel J., 105–6, 287n7
Mayflower Compact, 47–48, 108
Meade, George Gordon, 269, 292n21
Melville, Herman: “Apathy and Enthusiasm” (poem), 199–201
Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War by, 197–211
“The College Colonel” (poem), 201–2
criticisms of, 198
“Formerly a Slave” (poem), 203
Hawthorne’s relationship with, 197, 198
“The Martyr” (poem), 202–3
“On the Slain Collegians” (poem), 204–5
photograph of, 196
poems by, 197, 198, 199–205
“The Portent” (poem), 199
publications of, 197
“Shiloh. A Requiem” (poem), 201
sketch about, 197–98
“Supplement” by, 197, 198, 205–11
Merrimack (ship), 162
Miles, William Porcher, 216–17, 222–23, 290n9
Military: and democracy, 186, 274
glory in the, 187, 206–7
vices of the, 250
Missouri Compromise, 112, 240
Monitor (ship), 162
Monk, George, 268
Morality: Emerson’s views about, 123, 131, 134, 137, 138
and reform, 40–41
Simms’s views about, 218
and slavery, 40–41
Stowe’s views about, 236
and swearing, 95
and women, 236
Mosby, John S., 58
Motley, John Lothrop, 187, 290n6
Mouton, Alfred, 91, 95, 97, 287n16
“My Contraband; or, the Brothers” (Alcott essay), 20–21
Mysticism, Adams’s (Henry) views of, 15
Napoleon, 70, 195
Napoleon III, 164, 289n10
Nashville, battle of, 5
National Anti-Slavery Standard (newspaper), 39
National Era (publication), 236
Nature, Stowe’s views about, 237, 248–49
Nature (Emerson), 121
Newbern, battle of, 7
New Orleans, La.: capture/surrender of, 77, 83, 286n8
De Forest’s account of Union army in, 77, 80–81, 86–87, 90, 286n8
and the War of 1814, 110
New York Leader (journal), 253
New York Times, Whitman’s essays in the, 276–77
Niebuhr, R., 128
Nightingale, Florence, 19
Northern Democrats, 162–63
Norton, Charles, 177
Nursing: Alcott’s experiences with, 19, 21–37
Forten’s experiences with, 159. See also Whitman, Walt, caring for sick/wounded by
O’Connor, William D., 277–78, 292n25
Odell, Moses Fowler, 255, 292n11
“On the Slain Collegians” (Melville poem), 204–5
“The Ordeal by Battle” (Higginson essay), 182, 183–86
Osgood, Lucy, 42, 285n8
Our Old Home (Hawthorne), 162–63, 178–79
“Outlines from the Outpost” (Cooke newspaper column), 58
Paddy McGann (Simms), 213, 215
Palmer, John Williamson, 64, 286n7
Paternalism, 182, 209–10
Patriotism: Melville’s views about, 205–8
Whitman’s views about, 275–76
Peabody, Elizabeth P., 163, 178–79, 289n16
Peace Democrats, 178–79
Pearl River, skirmish on, 90
Pelham, John 58
Perkins, Stephen George, 11, 284n11
Petersburg, battle of, 16, 202
Phelps, John Wolcott, 79–80, 83, 286n11
Philadelphia, Pa., Forten’s views of, 145
Phillips, Wendell, 41, 146, 288n5
Pierce, Franklin, 123, 162–63, 167, 178–79, 289n12
Pinckney, Charles, 213
Planters: Emerson’s views about, 124
fears of, 81
reaction to Union army occupation by, 88, 223, 230, 231–33. See also Planter-slave relationship
Planter-slave relationship: Simms’s views about, 214, 221, 224
and slave insurrections, 81
stories about, 189–90
Stowe’s views about, 245
and the Union army occupation, 88, 150
Poetry: by Melville, 197, 198, 199–205
Simms’s views about, 230–31
of Whitman, 255, 277–80
Political liberty, Emerson’s views about, 139–40
Political parties, Emerson’s views about, 140
Political process: Douglass’s views about the, 108
Emerson’s views about the, 127–29
“The Portent” (Melville poem), 199
Porter, David Dixon, 77, 286n8
Port Hudson, 89, 139
Port Royal, S.C.: Adams’s (Henry) views of, 9
Alcott applies for teaching position in, 20
Forten’s experiences in, 143–44, 147–59
Higginson’s views about, 187–95
Simms’s views about, 221
“The Present and Future of the Colored Race in America” (Douglass speech), 116–18
“The President’s Proclamation” (Emerson essay), 129–32
Privateering, 184
“The Proclamation and the Negro Army” (Douglass speech), 115–16
Puritans, 173. See also Mayflower Compact
Racism: Child’s views of, 41, 48–49, 55
Douglass’s views about, 114, 118–19
Forten’s views about, 146
and gender issues, 144–45
Higginson’s views about, 191–92
Reconstruction: Melville’s views about, 206–11
Simms’s views about, 214–15
Redgate, Stephen, 268
Redpath, James, 20, 274, 284n5, 292n24
Reform, and morality, 40–41
“Regular and Volunteer Officers” (Higginson essay), 182, 186–88
Religion, Higginson’s views about, 194–95
Republicanism, 50, 113
Republicans, 41, 216, 218, 241
Richmond, Va., 59, 184, 197, 198
Rivers, Prince, 195
Rodman, Benjamin and Susan Morgan, 139–40
Rogers, Seth, 152–53, 155, 288n4
Ropes, Mrs., 22, 23
Russell, William Howard, 5, 284n8
Sack and Destruction of the City of Columbia (Simms), 214, 231–33
Sancho, Ignatius, 40
The Saturday Club, 177–78, 289n15
Savannah, Ga., 216
Sawyer, Thomas P., 265–66, 292n20
Saxton, Rufus, 157, 194, 290n8
Science, Adams’s (Henry) views of, 7
Scott, Winfield, 69, 126, 216
Scoville, Samuel, 238, 291n11
Sea Islands, 243. See also Port Royal, S.C.
Searle, Lucy, 42–44, 47, 285n11
Secession: Higginson’s views about, 183–85
Melville’s views about, 206, 208, 211
Stowe’s views about, 240–41, 242
“Self-Reliance” (Emerson essay), 122
Sequel to Drum-Taps (Whitman), 255
Seward, William Henry, 8, 50, 274, 284n10
Sharpsburg, battle at, 67
Shaw, Robert Gould, 100, 144, 153–54, 158–59, 285n12, 288n6, 288n10
Shaw, Sarah, 44–45, 50–51, 285n12
Shenandoah Valley, campaign in the, 59
“Shiloh. A Requiem” (Melville poem), 201
Shiloh, battle at, 287n16
Ship Island, La., expedition, 77–80, 286n11
Shouts, 153, 156–57, 158, 191
Sidney, Philip, 187, 290n4
Simms, William Gilmore: autobiography of, 214–15
impact of Civil War on, 214–33
letters of, 214, 215–31
Paddy McGann by, 213, 215
photograph of, 212
publications of, 213–14
Sack and Destruction of the City of Columbia by, 214, 231–33
sketch about, 213–15
War Poetry of the South by, 214
Simms, William Gilmore, Jr., 220, 229
Slaughter Mountain, battle of, 63
“The Slaveholders’ Rebellion” (Douglass speech), 111–13
Slave insurrections, 42, 81, 106, 181, 288n6. See also Turner, Nat
Slavery: Child’s views of, 39–45, 47–55
Douglass’s views about, 101–6, 109, 110–14
Higginson’s views about, 181, 183, 184–86
Melville’s views about, 198, 208
and morality, 40–41
in South America, 51
Stowe’s views about, 235–36, 239–45
and workingmen, 48. See also Emancipation/Emancipation Proclamation; Planter-slave relationship Slaves, as contraband, 44, 108, 285n10. See also Fugitive slaves;
Planter-slave relationship;
Slavery Slave trade, 241, 243
Slidell, John 290–91n13
Smith, Gerrit, 40
“Some Celebrated Yankees” (Cooke essay), 66–69
“Song of Myself” (Whitman poem), 253
“Song of the Negro Boatman” (Whittier poem), 144, 147
Songs/music: Child’s views of, 45–47
Forten’s views about, 144, 147, 148, 156–57, 158. See also Shouts
“The Sorrows of Fairfax” (Cooke essay), 64–66
The Southern Illustrated News, 58, 59–73, 213, 225–26
Specimen Days Memoranda During the War (Whitman), 253, 281
Spottsylvania, battle at, 276
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 39, 285n1
Stearns, G. L., 183
Stephens, Alexander, 241
Stevenson, H. M., 21–22
Stoddard, Richard Henry, 198
Stone, Horatio, 264, 292n16
“Stonewall Jackson, and the Old Stonewall Brigade” (Cooke essay), 61–64
“Stonewall Jackson’s Way” (Palmer poem), 64, 286n7
Stowe, Calvin, 238–39, 291n9
Stowe, Frederick William, 236, 237–39, 245–46, 291n7
Stowe, Harriet Beecher: “The Chimney-Corner” by, 246–51
Chimney Sweep by, 237
as a contributor to The Freedmen’s Book, 40
health of, 236
letters of, 237–39, 245–46, 245–46, 291n6
photograph of, 234
“A Reply” by, 239–45
sketch about, 235–37
Uncle Tom’s Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly by, 235–36, 237
Stuart, J.E.B., 57–58, 68
Suffrage: Emerson’s views about, 135
Melville’s views about, 209. See also Blacks, suffrage for
Suhre, John 23
Sumner, Charles, 8, 54, 103, 167, 284n10
Sylvester, Eph, 3
Teche campaign, 97
Test-oath, 211
Thayer, Charley, 24
Thibodeaux, La., 88–89, 91, 97
Thompson, John Reuben, 213, 214, 290n1, 290n3
Thompson, Meriwether Jefferson, 82, 286n12
Thoreau, Henry David, 123
Ticknor, William D., 161, 164, 289n8
Transcendentalists, 122, 181, 195, 289n16, 292n24
Trumbull, Lyman, 8, 284n10
Tubman, Harriet, 144, 151–52, 189, 288n9
Turner, Nat, 40, 181, 251
Uncle Tom’s Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly (Stowe), 235–36, 237
Union army: black reaction to occupation by, 55, 81, 82, 83, 89–90, 91, 150, 155, 189–90, 232–33
blacks as servants in the, 82, 89–90, 106
Cooke’s views about the, 66–69
De Forest’s description of life in the, 77–97
desertions in the, 79
disease among the, 84
drunkenness in the, 85–86
food/supplies for the, 88–89
and fugitive slaves, 105–6
illness in the, 90
morale of the, 9, 90, 97
officers-soldiers relationships in the, 88, 186–95
planters’ reaction to occupation by, 88, 223, 230, 231–33
plundering by the, 232
raising of the, 84, 137–38, 165, 175–76, 270, 292n22
Simms’s views about occupation by, 223, 230, 231–33
southern white reaction to occupation by, 81, 91, 92, 223, 230, 231–33
swearing in the, 95
treatment of women by, 232
veterans of the, 169
women’s reaction to occupation by, 87–88. See also Blacks in the Union army
Vermilion Bayou, La., 89–90
Vesey, Denmark, 181
Veterans, Union army, 169
Vliet, Amos H., 256
A Volunteer’s Adventures: A Union Captain’s Record of the Civil War (De Forest), 76, 77–90
War, and democracy, 186
War of 1814, 108, 110
War Poetry of the South (Simms), 214
Washington, Booker T., 41, 100
Washington, D.C.: Hawthorne’s visit to, 161–62, 169–72
siege at, 107, 165, 184, 216
Whitman’s visit to, 256–81
Washington, George, 108, 110
Waterman, Mary Elizabeth, 20, 284n4
Watts, Dr., 29
Webster, Sidney, 162, 288n2
Weeks, Charley, 82
Weitzel, Godfrey, 90, 93, 97, 287n14
Wells, Ida, 100
Western Monthly Magazine, 235
West Indies, emancipation in the, 53–54, 241
Wheatley, Phillis, 40, 51
Whites. See Union army, southern white reaction to occupation by
Whitman, Alfred, 19, 284n1
Whitman, George Washington, 254, 263, 292n9
Whitman, Louisa Van Velsor, 255–56, 262, 265, 267–70, 275–76, 292n8
Whitman, Martha, 256, 292n13
Whitman, Thomas Jefferson, 255, 256, 292n10
Whitman, Walt: caring for sick/wounded by, 253–81
“Drum-Taps” by, 277–80
Drum-Taps by, 255
Emerson’s relationship with, 256–58
flower of mourning for, 237
“The Great Army of the Sick” by, 258–62
health of, 254, 264–65, 267
Higginson’s views about, 182
journal of, 280–81
Leaves of Grass by, 255, 278
letters of, 255–58, 262–76, 277–78
Memoranda During the War by, 280–81
photograph of, 252
poetry by, 255, 277–80
publications of, 253, 254
Sequel to Drum-Taps by, 255
sketch about, 253–55
“Song of Myself’ by, 253
Specimen Days Memoranda During the War by, 253, 281
views of Alcott by, 20, 255
“Visits Among Army Hospitals” by, 276–77
Whittier, John Greenleaf: Brown ballad by, 174
Child’s letters to, 41–42, 45–47, 285n6
as a contributor to The Freedmen’s Book, 40
Fields (Annie) as friend of, 291n8
Forten’s views about, 151
Higginson’s views about, 182
and the Saturday Club, 289n15
“Song of the Negro Boatman” by, 144, 147
views about Forten of, 144–45
Wilderness, battles at the, 16, 202, 276
Wilkes, Charles, 290–91n13
Willis, Nathaniel, 47, 285n13
Wilmington, S.C., 228
Wilson, Henry, 48, 54, 285n17
Wilson, H. (General), 246
Wise, Jennings, 58
Women: absence of, 77
attitudes toward Civil War of, 164–65
Child’s views of, 48
Cooke’s views of, 65
in England/Ireland, 236, 239–45
free black, 52, 54
free blacks behavior toward, 52
as hospital visitors, 254, 277
as informants during the Civil War, 65–66;
and morality, 236
reaction to Union army occupation by, 87–88
Simms’s views about, 218, 227, 228, 232
Stowe’s views about, 236, 239–45, 248, 249–51
as virtuous, 249–51
Women’s rights, 100
Workingmen, and slavery, 48
Writing/literary efforts—effects of Civil War on: Child’s views about, 39–40
Cooke’s views about, 57, 58, 60, 72–73
Emerson’s views about, 122
Hawthorne’s views about, 162, 166, 167, 176–77, 179
Higginson’s views about, 181–82
Melville’s views about, 197
and the nom de plume, 73
and the real war, 20, 281
Simms’s views about, 213, 214–15, 218, 219, 222–23, 226, 230–31
Stowe’s views about, 235
Whitman’s views about, 273, 274, 280–81
Yeadon, Richard, 224–25, 291n14
Youth: Adams’s (Henry) views of, 9
Whitman’s views about, 258, 261, 268, 277