INDEX

Abdul-Jabbar, Kareem, 42–43

Academically Adrift (Arum and Roksa), 157

“acting white,” self-defeating attitudes, and abandonment of idea of black self-development, 42–50, 56–57

Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña, 153

affirmative action, 141–68; higher education and issues of preparation for, 157–68; and judgment made by race, sex, and gender, 146–49; professional class and, 153–55; Sowell versus Lekachman on, 141–45; unconstitutional as practiced today, 149–53; underclass and increased segregation by income, 155–56

AFL-CIO, 85, 88

Alexander, Michelle, 64–66, 73–74

Allgood, Miles, 98

America in Black and White (Thernstrom and Thernstrom), 154

American Federation of Teachers (AFT), 116, 117, 119, 122, 129

American Journal of Education, 48

Amnesty International, teachers’ unions’ contributions to, 118

Anderson, James, 120

Anderson, Martin, 2

Andrew, Seth, 124

Anti-Drug Abuse Act, 72–73

Arum, Richard, 157

Ashkinaze, Carole, 24–25

Asians: hurt by affirmative-action admissions, 167–68; politics and socioeconomic advancement, 22; school performance and, 49–50

Atlanta, GA, 24–25

Atlantic Monthly, 87

Audacity of Hope, The (Obama), 149–50

Bacon, Robert, 98

Barone, Michael, 23–24

Basic Economics (Sowell), 109

Becker, Gary, 90, 92

Bernstein, David, 98–99

Biden, Joe, 14

Bishop, Sanford, 27

Black Americans and Organized Labor (Moreno), 86

Black Rednecks and White Liberals (Sowell), 57

Blackmon, Douglas, 31–32

Bloomberg, Michael, 80–81, 128

Bositis, David, 15

Branch, Taylor, 2

Brill, Steven, 126, 127–28

Bronx High School of Science, New York City, 49

Brooklyn Technical High School, New York, 49

Buckley, William F., Jr., 141, 142

burden of proof, affirmative action and reversal of, 146, 147–48

Burkhauser, Richard, 108

Bush, George W., 9–10

California University system, affirmative action and, 158, 160–62, 168

Canada, Geoffrey, 122–23, 124–25

Card, David, 90, 91–92

Carnegie, Andrew, 19

Carter, Stephen, 165–66

castle doctrine laws, 76–77. See also stand-your-ground laws

charter schools, 31–32, 122–29; better test scores and, 123–24; fallacies of union argument about selection methods, 125–29; safer environments and, 124–25; unions and opposition to, 122–23

Chavis, Benjamin, 52

Chicago Urban League, 101–2

China, immigrants from, 22

Chinatown, crime rates and, 75–76

Chuck D, 51

Civil Rights Act (1964), 146, 147, 151

Cleaver, Emanuel, 14, 27

Clegg, Roger, 29

Clinton, Bill, 105, 118, 133

Coates, Ta-Nehisi, 54

Cochran, John, 98

Cole, Johnnetta, 63

Coleman, James, 115

College of the Holy Cross, 166

Collins, Marva, 121

Columbia University, 159

Comanor, William, 83

Comer, James, 52

Congressional Black Caucus, 15, 29, 72

Congressional Black Caucus Foundation, teachers’ unions’ contributions to, 118

Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute, teachers’ unions’ contributions to, 118

Congressional Research Service, 148

Cornell University, 159

Cosby, Bill, 53–54

Coulson, Andrew, 114

crack cocaine, prosecution of offenses, 72–73

Cracker Culture (McWhiney), 57

crime, 59–83; criminal behavior excused by liberals, 64–66; drug laws used as excuse for, 72–75; gun control and, 76–77; incarceration and decrease in crime rates, 77–79; Lemon and black self-improvement, 82; poverty as excuse for, 75–76; profiling by race and age, 59–64; reality of black crime rates, 68–72, 73–74; Warren Court and increase in, 67–68

Crime and Human Nature (Wilson and Herrnstein), 69, 75–76

Crime of Punishment, The (Menninger), 67

Crisis (NAACP), 95

culture, 4, 35–58; “acting white,” self-defeating attitudes, and abandonment of idea of black self-development, 42–50, 56–57; consequences of rejection of middle-class values, 40–42, 50–55; pernicious effects of social welfare programs, 55–57; role of education in, 38–39, 40; role of fathers in families, 35–38, 54–55, 82–83; role of neighborhoods in, 39–40; role of religion in, 38, 40

Davis, Artur, 13

Davis, James, 98

Davis-Bacon Act, purpose of and effects of, 95–99

Dawson, Michael, 18

Deere, Donald, 92

Democracy Prep charter-school network, 124–25

Democratic Leadership Council, teachers’ unions’ contributions to, 118

Douglas, William, 165

Douglass, Frederick: accomplishments of, 18–19; on labor unions, 86–87; on “What to do with Negro,” 4–5

dress customs, culture and, 52–53

drug laws: black crime rates and, 72–75; Obama and loosening of, 11, 73

Du Bois, W. E. B., 18–19, 87

Duke University, 163

Dunbar High School, Washington, D.C., 121

Durbin, Dick, 134

Dyson, Michael Eric, 52, 54

Economics and Politics of Race, The (Sowell), 142

Economist, 56

economy, of U.S., and blacks’ losses during Obama presidency, 7–10

education: affirmative action and black performance in elite colleges, 156–67; blacks’ historical interest in, 120–21; charter schools and, 122–29; culture and role of, 38–39, 40; historically black colleges and universities, 134–39; racial disparities despite increased spending on, 111–15; racial gaps and self-defeating attitudes toward, 43–46; schools and lack of expectations for black students, 46; teachers’ unions’ opposition to reforms in, 116–20; voucher programs and, 129–34

Egalite, Anna, 133

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 19

Ellison, Keith, 27

employment, affirmative action and, 145–49

Employment Policy Institute, 92

Even, William, 102–4

Fair Labor Standards Act, 95–96, 99, 101

Fair Sentencing Act, 73

Farmer, James, 17–18

fathers, culture and role of, 35–38, 54–55, 82–83

FDR’s Folly (Powell), 95

Feinberg, Michael, 124

Firing Line (television program), 141–45

Fischer, David Hackett, 57

Fisher, Abigail, 151

Fisher v. the University of Texas at Austin, 151–53, 167

Floridians For All Committee, teachers’ unions’ contributions to, 118

“Folly, Tyranny, and Wickedness of Labor Unions, The” (Douglass), 86–87

Forster, Greg, 127, 131

Fortune, T. Thomas, 87

Fourteenth Amendment, to U.S. Constitution, 151

Franks, Gary, 27

From Brown to Bakke (Wilkinson), 25–26

“From Protest to Politics: The Future of the Civil Rights Movement” (Rustin), 17

Fryer, Roland, 135

Fund to Protect Social Security, teachers’ unions’ contributions to, 118

Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., 30

Gay, Geneva, 47–48

Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation, teachers’ unions’ contributions to, 118

German immigrants, 22

gerrymandering, 11, 26, 29

Giuliani, Rudy, 80–81

Glazer, Nathan, 55, 148, 151

Global Initiative, teachers’ unions’ contributions to, 118

Gompers, Samuel, 98

Great Society programs, 1–3, 5

Greene, Jay, 127

Greenspan, Alan, 94

Greenstone, Michael, 135

Griggs v. Duke Power Co., 147

Grutter v. Bollinger, 151, 152

Guarino, Cassandra, 126

gun control, black crime rates and, 76–77

Haley, Nikki, 22

Hannity, Sean, 10

Harris-Perry, Melissa, 11

Harvard University School of Law, 165–67

HBCU. See historically black colleges and universities

Henderson, David, 99

Heritage Foundation, 13, 96

Herrnstein, Richard, 69, 75–76

historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs), future of, 134–39

Holder, Eric: race and Obama reelection campaign, 12; reactions to Zimmerman trial verdict, 66, 77; stop and frisk laws and, 80

homicides: blacks as victims of, 68, 74, 78; guns and, 77; rappers and, 51; stand-your-ground laws and, 76; Warren Court and increase in, 68; in Washington, D.C., 60

Hoxby, Caroline, 126

Huffington Post, 15

Humphrey, Hubert, 67, 146

immigrants: advantages of socioeconomic progress preceding political progress, 22–23; school performance and, 48–50

incarceration rates: as “racialized social control,” 64–66; black crime rates and, 11, 68–69

Irish immigrants, 23–24

Jackson, Jesse, 20, 88, 118

Jackson, Maynard, 24

Jackson State University, 138

Javits, Jacob, 100

Jay-Z, 51

Jealous, Ben, 12, 81

Jencks, Christopher, 114–15

Jindal, Bobby, 22

Johnson, Lyndon, 1–3, 147, 154

Jordan, Vernon, 25

Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 93, 134–35, 159–60

Joy of Freedom, The (Henderson), 99

Joyner, Tom, 11

Kane, Thomas, 126

Katz, Lawrence, 97

Kennedy, John F., 100

Kennedy, Randall, 72–73, 149–50, 152, 165

Kennedy, Ted, 105; opposition to school choice, 133–34

Kessler, Daniel, 97

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 17, 19, 20, 32, 47

Kirp, David, 113, 114

Kirsanow, Peter, 148–49

Klein, Joel, 128

Krueger, Alan, 90, 91–92

Ku Klux Klan, unions and, 88

Lauritsen, Janet, 71

Lekachman, Robert, 143–45

Lemon, Don, 82

Levin, David, 124

Lewis, John, 20

Lil Wayne, 51

Lott, John, 76–77, 78

Mac Donald, Heather, 70–72, 74–75, 81

Macpherson, David, 102–4

Malcolm X, 19

Marcus Garvey School, Los Angeles, 121

Marshall, Ray, 87–88

Marshall, Thurgood, 138–39, 165

Martin, Trayvon. See Zimmerman, George

Mason, Ronald, 138

Maxwell, Bill, 136–37

McDonald, Forrest, 57

McKee, Theodore, 64

McWhiney, Grady, 57

Mead, Margaret, 36

Menninger, Karl, 67

middle-class values, black culture and rejection of, 40–42, 50–55

Mills, Jonathan, 133

minimum-wage laws, 85–110; civil rights groups’ support for, 101–4; effect on labor markets, 89–93; poverty alleviation used as argument for, 104–8; racial impact of, 93–97, 102–3; union support for, 95–100, 109–10; who really earns, 106–8

Mismatch (Sander and Taylor), 161–62

Moe, Terry, 117, 128–29

Moreno, Paul, 86

Morgan, J. P., 19

Moskowitz, Eva, 123–24

Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 37, 55–56

MSNBC, reaction to Zimmerman verdict, 66

murder. See homicides

Murphy, Kevin, 92

Myth and Measurement: The New Economics of the Minimum Wage (Card and Krueger), 91–92

NAACP: establishment of, 19; reaction to Zimmerman verdict, 66, 81; self-destructive black habits and, 81–82

National Action Network, teachers’ unions’ contributions to, 118

National Assessment of Educational Progress, 113

National Education Association (NEA), 117, 118, 119, 122, 129

National Education Longitudinal Survey, 113

National Industrial Recovery Act, wages and, 94–96

National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act, 95–96

Negro Worker, The (Marshall), 87–88

neighborhoods, culture and role of, 39–40

Neumark, David, 90, 91, 92, 94, 106–7

New Jim Crow, The (Alexander), 64–66

New York City, stop and frisk laws and decrease in crime rate, 81

New York Times, 2–3, 45, 52, 65, 70, 112–13, 116, 150, 152, 160

New York Times/CBS News poll, 150

New Yorker, 20

Nieli, Russell, 153–54

Nixon, Richard, 68, 153

No Excuses: Closing the Racial Gap in Learning (Thernstrom and Thernstrom), 115

Norrell, Robert, 19–21

Norris-La Guardia Act, 95–96

Northeastern University Center for Labor Market Studies, 101–2

Obama, Barack: affirmative action and, 149–50, 152; black voter loyalty to, 4, 7–10, 32–33; on Booker T. Washington, 20; daughters sent to private school, 133; drug laws and, 11, 73; education and, 119, 125; historically black colleges and universities and, 135; opposition to school vouchers, 129–30, 132; race consciousness and, 14–15; rappers and, 51; reactions to Zimmerman trial verdict, 66, 77; support for increased minimum wage, 103, 105–6; union support for, 85; Voting Rights Act and, 27–28

O’Connor, Sandra Day, 145

Ogbu, John, 43–46

Olmstead, Frederick Law, 57

Only One Place of Redress (Bernstein), 98–99

Opportunity Scholarship Program vouchers, children sent to private school, 130

O’Reilly, Bill, 82

Orfield, Gary, 24–25

Owens, Major, 72

Parker, Amyin, 121

Pell Grants, historically black colleges and universities and, 136

Perry, Wayne, 51

Peterson, Paul, 114

Philadelphia, PA, black families in 1880 and 2007, 54

Philadelphia Plan, Nixon’s, 153

Phillips, Llad, 83

Phillips, Meredith, 114–15

political progress of blacks: black politicians benefiting selves, 30–31; identity politics and, 11; Obama presidency and, 4, 32–33; Obama presidency and black loyalty despite economic losses, 7–10; race consciousness and, 11–12; Republican Party’s lack of appeal and, 15–17; versus self-determination as driver of socioeconomic progress, 17–25

Politico, 132

Poussaint, Alvin, 52

poverty: before and after Great Society programs, 21; black crime rates and, 75–76; growth of professional class and fall of, 154

Powe, Lucas A., Jr., 68

Powell, Jim, 95

prisons. See incarceration rates

Proposition 209, in California, 161–62

Race to the Top Program, 119

Rainbow PUSH Coalition, teachers’ unions’ contributions to, 118

Rangel, Charles, 72

rappers, black culture and, 45, 51–52

Reagan, Ronald, 9, 15–16

Reflections of an Affirmative Action Baby (Carter), 165–66

Reich, Robert, 106

religion, role of in culture, 38, 40

Remnick, David, 32

Republican Party, voting patterns of blacks and, 15–17

Reynolds, Morgan, 95–96

Roberts, John, 28

Rockefeller, John D., 19

Roksa, Josipa, 157

Rolling Stone, 51

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 94–95, 105

Rossell, Christine, 132

Rustin, Bayard, 17

Sabia, Joseph, 108

Sampson, Robert, 71

San Francisco Chronicle, 65

Sander, Richard, 161–62, 164

SAT scores, 43, 157; affirmative action and, 158–60, 163

Schott Foundation for Public Education, 93, 113–14

Scott, Tim, 27

Seattle, WA, 48

self-determination as driver of social-economic progress, 17–25

Shaker Heights, OH, 43–46

Sharpton, Al, 118

Shelby County v. Holder, 27–29

Smarick, Andy, 111-12

Smiley, Tavis, 10, 15

social welfare programs, pernicious effects of, 55–57

Solis, Hilda, 106

Sowell, Thomas, 22–23, 57; on affirmative action, 141–45; on minimum wage, 101, 109

special-education students, admission to charter schools and, 127–28

Spencer, William J., 99

stand-your-ground laws, 76–77

Steele, Shelby, 50–51, 81–82

Stern, Sol, 133–34

Stigler, George, 107

Stillman College, 136–37

stop-and-frisk laws, 80–81

Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 120

Stuntz, William, 67–68, 69

Stuyvesant High School, New York City, 49

Success Academy Charter Schools, 123–24, 126, 127–28, 129

Supreme Court: affirmative action and, 145, 151–53, 167; civil rights and, 53, 147–48; crime rates and, 67–68; minimum-wage laws and, 94–95; school desegregation and, 88; stop and frisk and, 80; voting rights and, 27

“Survey of Federal Laws Containing Goals, Set-Asides, Priorities, or Other Preferences Based on Race, Gender, or Ethnicity” (Congressional Research Service), 148–49

Swain, Carol, 10

Sweating the Small Stuff (Whitman), 121–22

Taylor, Stuart, Jr., 150–51, 161–62, 164

Thernstrom, Abigail, 26–27, 29–30, 115, 154, 164

Thernstrom, Stephan, 115, 154, 164

Thomas, Clarence, 15–16, 152–53, 166, 173

Thompson, Joshua, 29

Tocqueville, Alexis de, 57

Trumka, Richard, 85–86, 88–89

Tucker, Cynthia, 137–38

unemployment, of blacks: effect of minimum wage on, 90, 100–1, 102, 103; Obama presidency and, 7, 8, 9, 14–15

unions: endorsement of Obama, 85–86; historic racism of, 86–89, 95; support for minimum-wage laws, 95–100, 109–10; teachers’ unions and opposition to reforms, 116–20, 122–23, 125–29; teachers’ unions and political activities, 118–19

University Park Campus School, Worcester, MA, 121–22

unwed parenthood and effects on culture, 37–38, 83

Upshaw, William, 98

U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 163

Vivian, C. T., 32

voter ID laws, liberal opposition to, 12–14

Voting Rights Act, and shift to equity of results from equity of opportunity, 25–30

voucher programs, for schools, 129–34

Wall Street Journal, 14–15, 79, 96–97, 104, 118

Walmart, politicians’ versus people’s wishes and, 31, 109–10

Walsh-Healey Act, 95–96

Warren, Earl, 67–68

Warren, Elizabeth, 166–67

Wascher, William, 90, 92, 94

Washington, Booker T., 5, 18–21; on education, 120–21; on labor unions, 87

Washington, Linn, 64

Washington Monthly, 135

Washington Post, 119, 150

Washington Times, 37

Waters, Maxine, 15

Weekly Standard, 163–64

Weingarten, Randi, 116, 120, 121, 122–23, 128–29

Welch, Finis, 92

West, Allen, 27

West, Cornel, 15, 51–52

Westside Preparatory School, Chicago, 121

Wheat, Alan, 27

Where Do We Go From Here: Chaos or Community? (King), 17

Whitman, David, 121–22

Wilkinson, J. Harvie, 25–26

Williams, Juan, 138–39

Williams, Walter, 97

Wilson, August, 54

Wilson, James Q., 69, 75–76, 83

Wilson, William Julius, 154

Winters, Marcus, 127

WNYC, 49–50

Wolf, Patrick, 130

Xavier University Prep, New Orleans, 121

Yazgi, Stephanie, 110

Young, Andrew, 24

Zimmer, Ron, 126

Zimmerman, George, liberal reactions to verdict in trial of, 66, 76–77, 81–82, 172

Zimring, Franklin, 78–79