Abdul-Jabbar, Kareem, 42–43
Academically Adrift (Arum and Roksa), 157
“acting white,” self-defeating attitudes, and abandonment of idea of black self-development, 42–50, 56–57
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña, 153
affirmative action, 141–68; higher education and issues of preparation for, 157–68; and judgment made by race, sex, and gender, 146–49; professional class and, 153–55; Sowell versus Lekachman on, 141–45; unconstitutional as practiced today, 149–53; underclass and increased segregation by income, 155–56
Alexander, Michelle, 64–66, 73–74
Allgood, Miles, 98
America in Black and White (Thernstrom and Thernstrom), 154
American Federation of Teachers (AFT), 116, 117, 119, 122, 129
American Journal of Education, 48
Amnesty International, teachers’ unions’ contributions to, 118
Anderson, James, 120
Anderson, Martin, 2
Andrew, Seth, 124
Anti-Drug Abuse Act, 72–73
Arum, Richard, 157
Ashkinaze, Carole, 24–25
Asians: hurt by affirmative-action admissions, 167–68; politics and socioeconomic advancement, 22; school performance and, 49–50
Atlanta, GA, 24–25
Atlantic Monthly, 87
Audacity of Hope, The (Obama), 149–50
Bacon, Robert, 98
Barone, Michael, 23–24
Basic Economics (Sowell), 109
Bernstein, David, 98–99
Biden, Joe, 14
Bishop, Sanford, 27
Black Americans and Organized Labor (Moreno), 86
Black Rednecks and White Liberals (Sowell), 57
Blackmon, Douglas, 31–32
Bloomberg, Michael, 80–81, 128
Bositis, David, 15
Branch, Taylor, 2
Bronx High School of Science, New York City, 49
Brooklyn Technical High School, New York, 49
Buckley, William F., Jr., 141, 142
burden of proof, affirmative action and reversal of, 146, 147–48
Burkhauser, Richard, 108
Bush, George W., 9–10
California University system, affirmative action and, 158, 160–62, 168
Canada, Geoffrey, 122–23, 124–25
Carnegie, Andrew, 19
Carter, Stephen, 165–66
castle doctrine laws, 76–77. See also stand-your-ground laws
charter schools, 31–32, 122–29; better test scores and, 123–24; fallacies of union argument about selection methods, 125–29; safer environments and, 124–25; unions and opposition to, 122–23
Chavis, Benjamin, 52
Chicago Urban League, 101–2
China, immigrants from, 22
Chinatown, crime rates and, 75–76
Chuck D, 51
Civil Rights Act (1964), 146, 147, 151
Clegg, Roger, 29
Coates, Ta-Nehisi, 54
Cochran, John, 98
Cole, Johnnetta, 63
Coleman, James, 115
College of the Holy Cross, 166
Collins, Marva, 121
Columbia University, 159
Comanor, William, 83
Comer, James, 52
Congressional Black Caucus, 15, 29, 72
Congressional Black Caucus Foundation, teachers’ unions’ contributions to, 118
Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute, teachers’ unions’ contributions to, 118
Congressional Research Service, 148
Cornell University, 159
Cosby, Bill, 53–54
Coulson, Andrew, 114
crack cocaine, prosecution of offenses, 72–73
Cracker Culture (McWhiney), 57
crime, 59–83; criminal behavior excused by liberals, 64–66; drug laws used as excuse for, 72–75; gun control and, 76–77; incarceration and decrease in crime rates, 77–79; Lemon and black self-improvement, 82; poverty as excuse for, 75–76; profiling by race and age, 59–64; reality of black crime rates, 68–72, 73–74; Warren Court and increase in, 67–68
Crime and Human Nature (Wilson and Herrnstein), 69, 75–76
Crime of Punishment, The (Menninger), 67
Crisis (NAACP), 95
culture, 4, 35–58; “acting white,” self-defeating attitudes, and abandonment of idea of black self-development, 42–50, 56–57; consequences of rejection of middle-class values, 40–42, 50–55; pernicious effects of social welfare programs, 55–57; role of education in, 38–39, 40; role of fathers in families, 35–38, 54–55, 82–83; role of neighborhoods in, 39–40; role of religion in, 38, 40
Davis, Artur, 13
Davis, James, 98
Davis-Bacon Act, purpose of and effects of, 95–99
Dawson, Michael, 18
Deere, Donald, 92
Democracy Prep charter-school network, 124–25
Democratic Leadership Council, teachers’ unions’ contributions to, 118
Douglas, William, 165
Douglass, Frederick: accomplishments of, 18–19; on labor unions, 86–87; on “What to do with Negro,” 4–5
dress customs, culture and, 52–53
drug laws: black crime rates and, 72–75; Obama and loosening of, 11, 73
Duke University, 163
Dunbar High School, Washington, D.C., 121
Durbin, Dick, 134
Economics and Politics of Race, The (Sowell), 142
Economist, 56
economy, of U.S., and blacks’ losses during Obama presidency, 7–10
education: affirmative action and black performance in elite colleges, 156–67; blacks’ historical interest in, 120–21; charter schools and, 122–29; culture and role of, 38–39, 40; historically black colleges and universities, 134–39; racial disparities despite increased spending on, 111–15; racial gaps and self-defeating attitudes toward, 43–46; schools and lack of expectations for black students, 46; teachers’ unions’ opposition to reforms in, 116–20; voucher programs and, 129–34
Egalite, Anna, 133
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 19
Ellison, Keith, 27
employment, affirmative action and, 145–49
Employment Policy Institute, 92
Even, William, 102–4
Fair Labor Standards Act, 95–96, 99, 101
Fair Sentencing Act, 73
Farmer, James, 17–18
fathers, culture and role of, 35–38, 54–55, 82–83
FDR’s Folly (Powell), 95
Feinberg, Michael, 124
Firing Line (television program), 141–45
Fischer, David Hackett, 57
Fisher, Abigail, 151
Fisher v. the University of Texas at Austin, 151–53, 167
Floridians For All Committee, teachers’ unions’ contributions to, 118
“Folly, Tyranny, and Wickedness of Labor Unions, The” (Douglass), 86–87
Fortune, T. Thomas, 87
Fourteenth Amendment, to U.S. Constitution, 151
Franks, Gary, 27
From Brown to Bakke (Wilkinson), 25–26
“From Protest to Politics: The Future of the Civil Rights Movement” (Rustin), 17
Fryer, Roland, 135
Fund to Protect Social Security, teachers’ unions’ contributions to, 118
Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., 30
Gay, Geneva, 47–48
Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation, teachers’ unions’ contributions to, 118
German immigrants, 22
Giuliani, Rudy, 80–81
Global Initiative, teachers’ unions’ contributions to, 118
Gompers, Samuel, 98
Great Society programs, 1–3, 5
Greene, Jay, 127
Greenspan, Alan, 94
Greenstone, Michael, 135
Griggs v. Duke Power Co., 147
Grutter v. Bollinger, 151, 152
Guarino, Cassandra, 126
gun control, black crime rates and, 76–77
Haley, Nikki, 22
Hannity, Sean, 10
Harris-Perry, Melissa, 11
Harvard University School of Law, 165–67
HBCU. See historically black colleges and universities
Henderson, David, 99
Herrnstein, Richard, 69, 75–76
historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs), future of, 134–39
Holder, Eric: race and Obama reelection campaign, 12; reactions to Zimmerman trial verdict, 66, 77; stop and frisk laws and, 80
homicides: blacks as victims of, 68, 74, 78; guns and, 77; rappers and, 51; stand-your-ground laws and, 76; Warren Court and increase in, 68; in Washington, D.C., 60
Hoxby, Caroline, 126
Huffington Post, 15
immigrants: advantages of socioeconomic progress preceding political progress, 22–23; school performance and, 48–50
incarceration rates: as “racialized social control,” 64–66; black crime rates and, 11, 68–69
Irish immigrants, 23–24
Jackson, Maynard, 24
Jackson State University, 138
Javits, Jacob, 100
Jay-Z, 51
Jencks, Christopher, 114–15
Jindal, Bobby, 22
Johnson, Lyndon, 1–3, 147, 154
Jordan, Vernon, 25
Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 93, 134–35, 159–60
Joy of Freedom, The (Henderson), 99
Joyner, Tom, 11
Kane, Thomas, 126
Katz, Lawrence, 97
Kennedy, John F., 100
Kennedy, Randall, 72–73, 149–50, 152, 165
Kennedy, Ted, 105; opposition to school choice, 133–34
Kessler, Daniel, 97
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 17, 19, 20, 32, 47
Kirsanow, Peter, 148–49
Klein, Joel, 128
Ku Klux Klan, unions and, 88
Lauritsen, Janet, 71
Lekachman, Robert, 143–45
Lemon, Don, 82
Levin, David, 124
Lewis, John, 20
Lil Wayne, 51
Mac Donald, Heather, 70–72, 74–75, 81
Macpherson, David, 102–4
Malcolm X, 19
Marcus Garvey School, Los Angeles, 121
Marshall, Ray, 87–88
Marshall, Thurgood, 138–39, 165
Martin, Trayvon. See Zimmerman, George
Mason, Ronald, 138
Maxwell, Bill, 136–37
McDonald, Forrest, 57
McKee, Theodore, 64
McWhiney, Grady, 57
Mead, Margaret, 36
Menninger, Karl, 67
middle-class values, black culture and rejection of, 40–42, 50–55
Mills, Jonathan, 133
minimum-wage laws, 85–110; civil rights groups’ support for, 101–4; effect on labor markets, 89–93; poverty alleviation used as argument for, 104–8; racial impact of, 93–97, 102–3; union support for, 95–100, 109–10; who really earns, 106–8
Mismatch (Sander and Taylor), 161–62
Moreno, Paul, 86
Morgan, J. P., 19
Moskowitz, Eva, 123–24
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 37, 55–56
MSNBC, reaction to Zimmerman verdict, 66
murder. See homicides
Murphy, Kevin, 92
Myth and Measurement: The New Economics of the Minimum Wage (Card and Krueger), 91–92
NAACP: establishment of, 19; reaction to Zimmerman verdict, 66, 81; self-destructive black habits and, 81–82
National Action Network, teachers’ unions’ contributions to, 118
National Assessment of Educational Progress, 113
National Education Association (NEA), 117, 118, 119, 122, 129
National Education Longitudinal Survey, 113
National Industrial Recovery Act, wages and, 94–96
National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act, 95–96
Negro Worker, The (Marshall), 87–88
neighborhoods, culture and role of, 39–40
Neumark, David, 90, 91, 92, 94, 106–7
New Jim Crow, The (Alexander), 64–66
New York City, stop and frisk laws and decrease in crime rate, 81
New York Times, 2–3, 45, 52, 65, 70, 112–13, 116, 150, 152, 160
New York Times/CBS News poll, 150
New Yorker, 20
Nieli, Russell, 153–54
No Excuses: Closing the Racial Gap in Learning (Thernstrom and Thernstrom), 115
Norrell, Robert, 19–21
Norris-La Guardia Act, 95–96
Northeastern University Center for Labor Market Studies, 101–2
Obama, Barack: affirmative action and, 149–50, 152; black voter loyalty to, 4, 7–10, 32–33; on Booker T. Washington, 20; daughters sent to private school, 133; drug laws and, 11, 73; education and, 119, 125; historically black colleges and universities and, 135; opposition to school vouchers, 129–30, 132; race consciousness and, 14–15; rappers and, 51; reactions to Zimmerman trial verdict, 66, 77; support for increased minimum wage, 103, 105–6; union support for, 85; Voting Rights Act and, 27–28
O’Connor, Sandra Day, 145
Ogbu, John, 43–46
Olmstead, Frederick Law, 57
Only One Place of Redress (Bernstein), 98–99
Opportunity Scholarship Program vouchers, children sent to private school, 130
O’Reilly, Bill, 82
Orfield, Gary, 24–25
Owens, Major, 72
Parker, Amyin, 121
Pell Grants, historically black colleges and universities and, 136
Perry, Wayne, 51
Peterson, Paul, 114
Philadelphia, PA, black families in 1880 and 2007, 54
Philadelphia Plan, Nixon’s, 153
Phillips, Llad, 83
Phillips, Meredith, 114–15
political progress of blacks: black politicians benefiting selves, 30–31; identity politics and, 11; Obama presidency and, 4, 32–33; Obama presidency and black loyalty despite economic losses, 7–10; race consciousness and, 11–12; Republican Party’s lack of appeal and, 15–17; versus self-determination as driver of socioeconomic progress, 17–25
Politico, 132
Poussaint, Alvin, 52
poverty: before and after Great Society programs, 21; black crime rates and, 75–76; growth of professional class and fall of, 154
Powe, Lucas A., Jr., 68
Powell, Jim, 95
prisons. See incarceration rates
Proposition 209, in California, 161–62
Race to the Top Program, 119
Rainbow PUSH Coalition, teachers’ unions’ contributions to, 118
Rangel, Charles, 72
rappers, black culture and, 45, 51–52
Reflections of an Affirmative Action Baby (Carter), 165–66
Reich, Robert, 106
religion, role of in culture, 38, 40
Remnick, David, 32
Republican Party, voting patterns of blacks and, 15–17
Reynolds, Morgan, 95–96
Roberts, John, 28
Rockefeller, John D., 19
Roksa, Josipa, 157
Rolling Stone, 51
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 94–95, 105
Rossell, Christine, 132
Rustin, Bayard, 17
Sabia, Joseph, 108
Sampson, Robert, 71
San Francisco Chronicle, 65
SAT scores, 43, 157; affirmative action and, 158–60, 163
Schott Foundation for Public Education, 93, 113–14
Scott, Tim, 27
Seattle, WA, 48
self-determination as driver of social-economic progress, 17–25
Shaker Heights, OH, 43–46
Sharpton, Al, 118
Shelby County v. Holder, 27–29
Smarick, Andy, 111-12
social welfare programs, pernicious effects of, 55–57
Solis, Hilda, 106
Sowell, Thomas, 22–23, 57; on affirmative action, 141–45; on minimum wage, 101, 109
special-education students, admission to charter schools and, 127–28
Spencer, William J., 99
stand-your-ground laws, 76–77
Stern, Sol, 133–34
Stigler, George, 107
Stillman College, 136–37
stop-and-frisk laws, 80–81
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 120
Stuyvesant High School, New York City, 49
Success Academy Charter Schools, 123–24, 126, 127–28, 129
Supreme Court: affirmative action and, 145, 151–53, 167; civil rights and, 53, 147–48; crime rates and, 67–68; minimum-wage laws and, 94–95; school desegregation and, 88; stop and frisk and, 80; voting rights and, 27
“Survey of Federal Laws Containing Goals, Set-Asides, Priorities, or Other Preferences Based on Race, Gender, or Ethnicity” (Congressional Research Service), 148–49
Swain, Carol, 10
Sweating the Small Stuff (Whitman), 121–22
Taylor, Stuart, Jr., 150–51, 161–62, 164
Thernstrom, Abigail, 26–27, 29–30, 115, 154, 164
Thernstrom, Stephan, 115, 154, 164
Thomas, Clarence, 15–16, 152–53, 166, 173
Thompson, Joshua, 29
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 57
Tucker, Cynthia, 137–38
unemployment, of blacks: effect of minimum wage on, 90, 100–1, 102, 103; Obama presidency and, 7, 8, 9, 14–15
unions: endorsement of Obama, 85–86; historic racism of, 86–89, 95; support for minimum-wage laws, 95–100, 109–10; teachers’ unions and opposition to reforms, 116–20, 122–23, 125–29; teachers’ unions and political activities, 118–19
University Park Campus School, Worcester, MA, 121–22
unwed parenthood and effects on culture, 37–38, 83
Upshaw, William, 98
U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 163
Vivian, C. T., 32
voter ID laws, liberal opposition to, 12–14
Voting Rights Act, and shift to equity of results from equity of opportunity, 25–30
voucher programs, for schools, 129–34
Wall Street Journal, 14–15, 79, 96–97, 104, 118
Walmart, politicians’ versus people’s wishes and, 31, 109–10
Walsh-Healey Act, 95–96
Warren, Earl, 67–68
Warren, Elizabeth, 166–67
Washington, Booker T., 5, 18–21; on education, 120–21; on labor unions, 87
Washington, Linn, 64
Washington Monthly, 135
Washington Times, 37
Waters, Maxine, 15
Weekly Standard, 163–64
Weingarten, Randi, 116, 120, 121, 122–23, 128–29
Welch, Finis, 92
West, Allen, 27
Westside Preparatory School, Chicago, 121
Wheat, Alan, 27
Where Do We Go From Here: Chaos or Community? (King), 17
Whitman, David, 121–22
Wilkinson, J. Harvie, 25–26
Williams, Juan, 138–39
Williams, Walter, 97
Wilson, August, 54
Wilson, James Q., 69, 75–76, 83
Wilson, William Julius, 154
Winters, Marcus, 127
WNYC, 49–50
Wolf, Patrick, 130
Xavier University Prep, New Orleans, 121
Yazgi, Stephanie, 110
Young, Andrew, 24
Zimmer, Ron, 126
Zimmerman, George, liberal reactions to verdict in trial of, 66, 76–77, 81–82, 172
Zimring, Franklin, 78–79