Index

Please note that page numbers are not correct for the e-book edition.

ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union), 142, 187

ACORN (Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now), 158–59, 174–75

Adams, John, 63, 144 Adams, John Quincy, 23, 28, 46

adjournment clause, 50

AIG bailout and bonuses, 158, 173–74

Albright, Madeleine, 85

Amar, Akhil, 169–70

amendments: First, ix, xiv, xvi, 98, 107, 181; Second, xiv; Fourth, ix, 182, 189; Fifth, 180, 182; Ninth, 181, 182; Tenth, 101–2; Eleventh, 100–101, 116; Twelfth, 94; Thirteenth, 106, 141; Sixteenth, 104; Eighteenth, 99, 103–6; Nineteenth, 141; Twenty-first, xvii, 99, 104, 106–11; Twenty-fifth, 92–93; Twenty-seventh, 150–51. See also Third Amendment; Fourteenth Amendment

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 142, 187

American Civil War, 130 American Revolutionary War, 128–29

animals, ix, xi, xiv, 18–19, 25–26, 56, 87, 95, 131, 137, 146–47, 175, 188, 192

appointments clause. See recess-appointments clause

armadillos, use in studying leprosy, xiv

Article I: adjournment clause, 50; commerce clause, 25–27, 107; congressional elections clause, 78; congressional protections under, 6; ex post facto clauses, 160–61; foreign affairs powers clause, 102, 121–24, 131–34; incompatibility clause, 2, 6–9, 11, 16–19, 193; ineligibility clause, 6, 11–15; pocket veto clause, 50; separation of powers under, 3–7, 9–11, 15–19; states’ rights and limitations under, 102; text of, 1, 7; war powers clause, xvi, 121–27, 131; and the War Powers Resolution, 124; weights and measures clause, 21–23, 27–29, 37, 193. See also bill of attainder clauses; dormant commerce clause; letters of marque and reprisal clause; title of nobility clauses

Article II: commander in chief clause, xvi, 42, 121, 122–27, 133–35; executive powers under, 3–5, 41–43; recommendations clause, xi; relevance of, 193. See also natural-born citizen clause; recess-appointments clause

Article III, 78; judicial powers under, 3, 59–64; original jurisdiction clause, xii, 57, 62–64, 69, 71, 75, 175, 193. See also bill of attainder clauses; Supreme Court, U.S.

Article IV, xi, 24, 75

Article V, 96

Article VI, 79, 102

Articles of Confederation, 99–100, 102, 134, 143

Asian tiger mosquito, 95

Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN), 158–59, 174–75

“Attainder and Amendment 2” (Amar), 170

Aykroyd, Dan, 23, 35

Bataillon, Joseph, 171

bat-eared foxes, ix, xvi

Batson v. Kentucky, 141

Bell, Tom, 184–85, 186

Bellanca, N.Y. State Liquor Authority v., 108–9

bill of attainder clauses: and ACORN, 158–59, 174–75; and corporate bonus taxation, xiii, 158, 173–74; defined, 159; history of, 162–65; and the Military Commissions Act, 157–58, 172–73; relevance of, 193; and sexual orientation, 2, 168–69, 170–72; text, 157

Bill of Rights, 101, 102, 159–60

birther movement. See natural-born citizen clause

Bolton, John, 46

Bork, Robert, 13–14, 112

Bowers v. Hardwick, 169

Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, 101

Brewster, Benjamin, 12

Brown, Archie, 166–67

Brown v. Board of Education, 141, 175

Bush, George W., x, xiii, 39–41, 46, 51–52, 125–26, 187

Bybee, Jay, 125, 126

California Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control, 97–98

California v. LaRue, 97–98, 108

Carter, Jimmy, 42

checks and balances, 3–4, 10. See also separation of powers

Cheney, Dick, 1, 2

Chin, Gabriel, 89, 91

Chisholm v. Georgia, 100–101

Civil War, American, 130

Clark, Tom, 71

Clinton, Bill, xii, 6, 42, 46, 51

Clinton, Hillary, xiii, 2, 11–13, 14–15

Code of Federal Regulations, 145–46

coelacanths, 192

Colorado Amendment 2, 168–69, 170–72

Colvin, John, 151–52

commander in chief clause, xvi, 42, 121, 122–27, 133–35

“Command of the Sea” metric, 135

commerce clause, 25–27, 107

Committee on the Constitutional System, 17–18

Confederate States of America, 130

Congress: Article I powers summary, 24–25; and the congressional elections clause, 78; constitutional limitations on, 23–24, 26–27; delegation of constitutional powers by, 23, 32–34, 37–38; letters of marque and reprisal powers of, 121, 127–30, 133–35; members’ protections under Article I, 6; presidential succession statute, 93–95; property clause powers, 24; war powers of, xvi, 131. See also dormant commerce clause doctrine; letters of marque and reprisal clause; weights and measures clause

constitutional interpretation: broad, 6, 54–55; as a “living document,” 116–17; maximalist, 107–9; minimalist, 107; pragmatic, 13, 14; strict construction, 5–6, 92; textual, 12, 13. See also Supreme Court, U.S.

Constitution of the United States: checks and balances, 3–4, 10; citizen’s view of, 54–55; function of, xiv–xvi, 3–5, 100; indeterminacy debates over, 80–82; personal liberties guarantees of, 159–60; problematic clauses symposium, 77–79, 106–7; separation of powers, 3–7, 9–11, 15–19. See also amendments; Bill of Rights; specific articles

Cooper, Charles, 14

Craig v. Boren, 109, 110

Cummings v. Missouri, 166

Cutler, Lloyd, 2, 17

Daugherty, Harry, 51

Daughtrey, Martha Craig, 192–93

declare war clause, xvi, 121–27, 131

Delgado, Richard, 156

dodo bird, 187, 192

dormant commerce clause doctrine, 74–75, 102–4, 107–8, 112

Douglas, William O., 181–82

drosophila fruit flies, xvii, 117

due process clause. See Fourteenth Amendment

Egyptian plover, 131, 137

Eighteenth Amendment, 99, 103–6

Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, 171

Eisenstadt v. Baird, 179

Eleventh Amendment, 100–101, 116

Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals, 40

Ellis Island, xiii, 57–59, 70, 73–74

Ely, John Hart, 123, 132, 182

Endangered Species Act, 25–26

Engblom v. Carey, 185–86

Epstein, Richard, 174

equal protection clause. See Fourteenth Amendment

executive branch powers, 3–5, 41–43, 53, 131–34. See also letters of marque and reprisal clause; recess-appointments clause; war powers allocation

ex post facto clauses, 160–61

FactCheck.org, 86

federalism, 99–106, 160. See also Twenty-first Amendment

The Federalist Papers, 46, 79–80, 143

Fifth Amendment, 180, 182

First Amendment, ix, xiv, xvi, 98, 107, 181

Fletcher v. Peck, 165, 166

Ford, Gerald, 42

Foreign Gifts and Decorations Act, 148–49

44 Liquormart Inc. v. Rhode Island, 109, 110

Fourteenth Amendment: equal protection and due process clauses, ix, xvi, 24, 102, 108, 140–42, 169–72, 180; privileges and immunity clause, xiv; ratification of, 141

Fourth Amendment, ix, 182, 189

Frankfurter, Felix, 80

Franklin, Benjamin, 144

full faith and credit clause, 75

Garland, Ex parte, 166

Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 142, 182

giraffes, ix, 156

Goldberg, Arthur, 181

Goldwater, Barry, 88

Gonzalez, Alberto, 125

Gore, Al, 1, 2, 39

Granholm, Jennifer, 85

Granholm v. Heald, 112

Grassley, Charles “Chuck,” 158, 173

Green, Edward H.R., 68

Griswold v. Connecticut, 179, 181

grizzly bear, 56

Haig, Alexander, 93

Hamilton, Alexander, 46, 165

Hatch, Orrin, 14

Henry, Patrick, 164

Herz, Michael, 55–56

Hewitt, William, 74

Hills, Rick, 171–72

Hitchens, Christopher, 140, 148

Ho, James C., 94–95

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr., 67

Horwitz, Morton, 186

Huffington Post, 87

incompatibility clause, 2, 6–9, 11, 16–19, 193. See also separation of powers

ineligibility clause, 6, 11–15. See also separation of powers

Insular Cases, 89

“Is the Third Amendment Obsolete?” (Horwitz), 186

Jackson, Andrew, 46

Jama, In re, 153–54

Jama, John Paul, 153–54

Jay, John, 83

Jefferson, Thomas, 28, 63, 163–64

Johnson, Lyndon, 124 judicial branch powers, 3, 59–64, 78

The Justices Deliberate Granholm v. Heald, a small play called, 112–15

Kalt, Brian, 52–54

Kemp, Jack, 1, 2

Kennedy, Anthony, 14, 169, 170 Kennedy, Edward M. “Ted,” 40–41

king penguin, 146–47

Kissinger, Henry, 85

Knox, Philander, 51

Koh, Harold, 126

Land, Clay, 86–87

Larson, Carlton F. W., 155

LaRue, California v., 97–98, 108

Last Call (Okrent), 104

Lawrence v. Texas, 179

legislative punishment. See bill of attainder clauses

letters of marque and reprisal clause: and the commander in chief clause, 133–35; congressional powers, 121, 127–30, 133–35; history of, 127–30; and modern acts of piracy, xiii, xvii, 119–21, 135–37; relevance of, 193; text of, 119, 131; and the war powers clause, xvi, 121–27, 131–33

Lincoln, Abraham, 46, 130

lions, ix, 172

Liptak, Adam, 155–56

Lobel, Jules, 134

Lochner v. New York, 180–81

Lockheed Martin, 21–22

Lopez, United States v., 26

Loudon, Euan, 146

Loudon, Harold V., 146

Lovett, United States v., 166

Loving v. Virginia, 141

Madison, James, 2, 28, 46, 63, 79–80, 143, 150, 165

Maersk Alabama crisis, 119–20

Mankiewicz, Frank, 35–36

Marbury, William, 62–63

Marbury v. Madison, 62–63

Marcy, William L., 129

marque and reprisal. See letters of marque and reprisal clause

Mars climate orbiter, 21–22, 36–37

Marshall, John, 63, 165

Massachusetts state constitution, 143

McCain, John, 88–92

McKinney, James, 147

McReynolds, James, 180

Medved, Michael, 87

A Metric America (National Bureau of Standards), 31–32

Metric Conversion Act (1975), 32, 34, 37

metric system, 21–22, 27–31, 32, 34–37. See also weights and measures clause

Military Commissions Act, 157–58, 172–73

Miranda v. Arizona, 5

Morrison v. Olson, 6

Myers v. United States, 6

NASA, 21–22

National Bureau of Standards, 31–32

natural-born citizen clause: and the birther movement, xiii, 85–87; criticism of, 83–85, 94–96; history of, 79–80, 83, 88–92; and presidential succession, 92–96; relevance of, 193; text of, 77, 83

Nebraska state constitution, 170–71

Nile crocodile, 131, 133

Nineteenth Amendment, 141

Ninth Amendment, 181, 182

Nixon, Richard, 13, 42, 124, 168

Nixon v. Administrator of General Services, 168

nobility clauses. See title of nobility clauses

Nofziger, Lyn, 35–36

Noonan, Peggy, 178, 190–91

nutria rat, 95

N.Y. State Liquor Authority v. Bellanca, 108–9

Obama, Barack, xiii, 85–87, 158

Office of Legal Counsel (OLC), x–xii, 11, 14–15, 42–43, 125, 126

Okrent, Daniel, 104

Olson, Theodore, 89–90

Onion (newspaper), 187

original-jurisdiction clause, xii, 57, 62–64, 69, 71, 75, 193

Paine, Thomas, 142–43

panda bears, ix

pardons, presidential, 42–43

Parrillo, Nicholas, 129, 130

Paul, Ron, 120–21, 129–30, 135, 137

Pelphrey v. Cobb County, 52

Philips, Josiah, 163–64

plankton, 188, 192

pocket veto clause, 50

Powell, Lewis, 14

Prakash, Sai, 9, 127

privacy rights. See right to privacy

privileges and immunity clause, xiv

Prohibition, 99, 103–6, 110–11

property clause, 24

Pryor, William H., 40–41, 47–49, 51–52

quartering of troops, xiii, 177–78, 184–86, 188, 190–92, 193

Rally to Restore Sanity, 187

Randolph, Edmund, 164

Reagan, Ronald, 35–36, 46, 93

recess-appointments clause: controversies, 40–41, 47–48; history of, 44–46; intersession/intrasession appointments, 45–47, 49–52; relevance of, 193; text, 39, 43, 45, 121; and the Tillman Adjournment, 52–54

recommendations clause, xi

Reforming American Government (Committee on the Constitutional System), 17–18

Reid, Harry, 54

religious test clause, 79

reprieves and pardons, 42–43

Revolutionary War, American, 128–29

right to privacy, 178–79, 181–82, 188–89

Roberts, Owen, 180

Roe v. Wade, 179, 182

Romer v. Evans, 169–70

Romney, George, 88

Roosevelt, Frankin D., 180

Roosevelt, Theodore “Teddy,” 50

rule of avulsion, 73

Rutledge, John, 46

Sachs, Stephen, 91

Sanitary District of Chicago, 66–67

Saxbe, William, 13

Scalia, Antonin, 169

Schwarzkopf, Norman, xiii, 139–40, 148–49

Second Amendment, xiv

Second Circuit Court of Appeals, 174

Selective Service System v. Minnesota PIRG, 167

separation of powers, 3–7, 9–11, 15–19. See also incompatibility clause; ineligibility clause

shrews, ix, xvii

Sixteenth Amendment, 104

Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, 192

Society of the Cincinnati, 144–45

Spudich v. Smarr, 110, 111

Starr, Kenneth, 6, 112

State Board of Equalization of California v. Young’s Market Co., 107–8

Stevens, John Paul, 74

Story, Joseph, 83

Supreme Court, U.S.: “anti-animus” rule, 169; on bills of attainder, 159, 165–68; congressional power limitations, 26–27; dormant commerce clause doctrine, 74–75, 102–4, 107–8, 112; Ellis Island case, 57–59, 70, 73–74; hypothetical case transcript, 112–15; on individual liberties, 108–9; Insular Cases decisions, 89; judicial review power of, 4, 62–63; on obscenity, 98; original-jurisdictional power of, xii, 60–64, 69, 75, 193; original package doctrine, 104; political doctrine question use, 125; right to privacy decisions, 179; on the separation of powers, 5–6; special master appointments, 69–71; standing doctrine application, 9–10; on state-imposed legislative term limits, 80; state-versus-state cases, 59, 65–69, 74–75; substantive due process doctrine, 180; support of congressional delegation of power, 33–34; Tenth Amendment application, 101; three-part tests, 167–68; on the Twenty-first Amendment, 98–99, 107–9, 111–12; on war powers, 124–25. See also constitutional interpretation

Tenth Amendment, 101–2

Texas v. Florida, et al., 68

Third Amendment: humor, 187; and limitations on military power, 189–90; quartering of troops under, xiii, 177–78, 184–86, 188, 190–92, 193; relevance of, 192–93; and the right to privacy, 178, 181–82, 188–89; text, 177

“Third Amendment Rights Group Celebrates Another Successful Year” (Onion), 187

Thirteenth Amendment, 106, 141

Tillman, Seth Barrett, 8–9, 52–54

Tillman Adjournment, 52–54

title of nobility clauses: frivolous arguments under, 152–54; history of, xvi, 142–45, 147, 149–51; legacy preferences and, 154–56; and officers of the United States, xii, 139–40, 145, 147–49; and private individuals and organizations, 144–48; relevance of, 193; text, 139, 143; and U.S. immigration law, 145, 147

“Titles of Nobility, Hereditary Privilege, and the Unconstitutionality of Legacy Preferences in Public School Admissions” (Larson), 155

titles of nobility amendment, 149–52, 155

“torture memo,” 125–26

Treaty of Paris (1856), 129

Tribe, Laurence, 89–90, 106–7

Tribe-Olson memorandum, 89–90

Twelfth Amendment, 94

Twenty-fifth Amendment, 92–93

Twenty-first Amendment, xvii, 99, 104, 106–11

Twenty-seventh Amendment, 150–51

Udden, J. A., 147–48

United States Metric Board, 32, 34–35, 36, 37

United States Statutes at Large (Library of Congress), 151–52

United States v. Lopez, 26

United States v. Lovett, 166

United States v. Virginia, 142

“Unnatural Born Citizens and Acting Presidents” (Ho), 94–95

Utah prairie dogs, 18–19

Van Buren, Martin, 83

Van Devanter, Willis, 180

Verkuil, Paul, 70

vesting clause, 59–60

Violence Against Women Act, 27

Virginia, United States v., 142

Volstead Act, 105

Voting Rights Act (1965), 24

War and Responsibility (Ely), 132

war powers allocation, xvi, 121–27, 131–33. See also letters of marque and reprisal clause

War Powers Resolution, 124

Warren, Earl, 167

wartime troop quartering, xiii

Washington, George, 12, 27, 46, 83, 144–45

Webb-Kenyon Act, 104, 107

weights and measures clause, 21–23, 27–29, 32, 37, 193. See also metric system

West Coast Hotel Company v. Parrish, 181

“Why Senator John McCain Cannot Be President” (Chin), 91

Wickersham, George W., 147–48

Wilson, Woodrow, 2, 16–17

wombats, ix, xvii

Wuerth, Ingrid Brunk, 134

Yablon-Zug, Marcia, 110–11

Yackle, Larry, 64–65

Yoo, John, 123–24, 125–26, 132–33

Young’s Market Co., State Board of Equalization of California v., 107–8

zebra mussel, 95