If you want to find out more about the people or ideas discussed here, consider the following sources:

GENERAL

Asimov, Isaac. Asimov's Chronology of Science and Discovery. New York: Harper & Row, 1989.

Ball, Philip. Curiosity: How Science Became Interested in Everything. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2012.

Bauer, Susan Wise. The Story of Science. New York: W. W. Norton, 2015.

Gribbin, John. The Scientists: A History of Science Told through the Lives of Its Greatest Inventors. New York: Random House, 2002.

Hellman, Hal. Great Feuds in Science: Ten of the Liveliest Disputes Ever. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998.

Levy, Joel. Scientific Feuds: From Galileo to the Human Genome Project. London: New Holland, 2010.

Livio, Mario. Brilliant Blunders. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2013.

Myers, Morton A. Prize Fight: The Race and the Rivalry to be the First in Science. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

Robinson, Matthew, ed. The Scientists: An Epic of Discovery. New York: Thames and Hudson, 2012.

Simmons, John. The Scientific 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Scientists, Past and Present. Secaucus, NJ: Citadel, 1996.

INTRODUCTION

“Scientific Method.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified December 6, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method.

“Understanding and Using the Scientific Method.” Science Made Simple. Accessed May 2015. http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/scientific_method.html.

Wynn Sr., Charles M., and Arthur W. Wiggins. The Five Biggest Ideas in Science. New York: Wiley, 1997.

CHAPTER 1: DEMOCRITUS AND ARISTOTLE PONDER THE EXISTENCE OF ATOMS

“Aristotle.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified January 4, 2016. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle.

“Aristotle (384–322 BCE).” In Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Accessed May 2015. http://www.iep.utm.edu/aristotl/.

Berryman, Sylvia. “Democritus.” In Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward N. Zalta, 2010. Accessed May 2015. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/democritus/.

“Democritus.” European Graduate School. Accessed May 2015. http://www.egs.edu/library/democritus/biography/.

“Democritus.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified December 2, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democritus.

Shields, Christopher. “Aristotle.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward N. Zalta, 2010. Accessed May 2015. http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2015/entries/aristotle.

Wynn Sr., Charles M., and Arthur W. Wiggins. The Five Biggest Ideas in Science. New York: Wiley, 1997.

Bonus video interview: “Atoms with Democritus and Aristotle.” Vimeo video, 18:01. Posted on June 2015 by Bloomfield Township. Accessed January 4, 2016. http://vimeo.com/125063018.

CHAPTER 2: ARISTOTLE, ARISTARCHUS, COPERNICUS, AND GALILEO SEEK TO DETERMINE EARTH'S PLACE IN THE COSMOS

Gannon, Megan. “Tycho Brahe Died from Pee, Not Poison.” Live Science, November 6, 2012. Accessed May 2015. http://www.livescience.com/24835-astronomer-tycho-brahe-death.html.

“Ptolemy.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified January 5, 2016. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy.

Rubenstein. Richard E. Aristotle's Children: How Christians, Muslims, and Jews Rediscovered Ancient Wisdom and Illuminated the Dark Ages. New York: Harcourt, 2004.

Wiggins, Arthur W., and Charles M. Wynn Sr. The Five Biggest Unsolved Problems in Science. New York: Wiley, 2003.

Bonus Video Interview: “The Solar System with Tycho Brahe and Galileo Galilei.” Vimeo video, 14:45. Posted on July 2015 by Bloomfield Township. http://vimeo.com/129116467.

CHAPTER 3: ISAAC NEWTON, ROBERT HOOKE, AND GOTTFRIED LEIBNIZ ARGUE ABOUT MOTION AND CALCULUS

Clark, David H., and Stephen P. H. Clark. Newton's Tyranny: The Suppressed Scientific Discoveries of Stephen Gray and John Flamsteed. New York: W. H. Freeman, 2001.

“Edmond Halley.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified January 5, 2016. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Halley.

“Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified January 4, 2016. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz.

“Isaac Newton.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified January 4, 2016. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton.

“Nicolas Fatio de Duillier.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified June 1, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Fatio_de_Duillier.

McNab, Andrew. “On the Shoulders of Giants.” IsaacNewton.org.uk. Accessed September 2015. http://www.isaacnewton.org.uk/essays/Giants.

“Robert Hooke.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified November 16, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hooke.

Wiggins, Arthur W. The Joy of Physics. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2007; 2nd ed., 2011.

Bonus Video Interview: “Newton and Hooke on Gravity.” Vimeo video, 14:47. Posted on July 2015 by Bloomfield Township. http://vimeo.com/130318251.

CHAPTER 4: THE BATTLING BERNOULLIS AND BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE

Bui, Dung (Yom), and Mohamed Allali. “The Bernoulli Family: Their Massive Contributions to Mathematics and Hostility toward Each Other.” Academia 2, no. 2 (2011). Accessed May 2015. http://www.academia.edu/6645678/The_Bernoulli_Family_their_massive_contributions_to_mathematics_and_hostility_toward_each_other.

“18th Century Mathematics—Bernoulli Brothers.” storyofmathematics.com. Accessed May 2015. http://www.storyofmathematics.com/18th_bernoulli.html.

Gonzales, Tina. “Family Squabbles: The Bernoulli Family.” math.wichita.edu. Accessed May 2015. http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/Men/bernoulli.html.

“Guillaume de l'Hôpital.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified November 18, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_de_l%27Hôpital.

“Later Life of Isaac Newton.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified December 16, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Later_life_of_Isaac_Newton.

O'Connor, J. J., and E. F. Robertson. “Jacob (Jacques) Bernoulli.” MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive. Accessed May 2015. http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Bernoulli_Jacob.html.

———. “The Brachistochrone Problem.” MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive. Accessed May 2015. http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/HistTopics/Brachistochrone.html.

CHAPTER 5: ANTOINE LAVOISIER AND BENJAMIN THOMPSON (COUNT RUMFORD) HAVE RIVAL THEORIES OF HEAT

“Benjamin Thompson.” Famous Scientists. Accessed June 2015. http://www.famousscientists.org/benjamin-thompson/.

Brown, G. I. Count Rumford: The Extraordinary Life of a Scientific Genius. Gloucestershire, UK: Sutton, 1999.

Brown, Sanborn C. “Count Rumford and the Caloric Theory of Heat.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 93, no. 4 (1949): 316–25. Accessed June 2015. http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3143157?sid=21105819778481&uid=70&uid=4&uid=2129&uid=3739600&uid=3739256&uid=2.

“Caloric Theory.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified December 25, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloric_theory.

“Cannon Boring Experiment.” In Encyclopedia of Human Thermodynamics. Accessed June 2015. http://www.eoht.info/page/Cannon+boring+experiment.

“Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified November 19, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Theodore,_Elector_of_Bavaria.

“The Chemical Revolution of Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier.” Historic Chemical Landmarks program of the American Chemical Society International. Accessed June 2015. http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/lavoisier.html.

Gurstelle, William. The Practical Pyromaniac. Chicago:

Hoffmann, Roald. “Mme. Lavoisier.” American Scientist. Accessed June 2015. http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/mme-lavoisier.

Lienhard, John H. “Marie Lavoisier.” In Engines of Our Ingenuity, University of Houston. Accessed June 2015. http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1673.htm.

“Marie-Anne Paulze Lavoisier.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified December 1, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Anne_Paulze_Lavoisier.

Morris, Robert J. “Lavoisier and the Caloric Theory.” NYU Tandon School of Engineering. Accessed June 2015. http://www.faculty.poly.edu/~jbain/heat/readings/72Morris.pdf.

Rumford, Benjamin Count of. “An Inquiry concerning the Source of the Heat Which Is Excited by Friction.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 88 (1798): 80–102. Accessed June 2015. http://www.jstor.org/stable/106970?seq=7#page_scan_tab_contents.

“Sir Benjamin, Thompson, Count Rumford (1753–1814).” Burgum Family History Society. freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Accessed June 2015. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~bfhs/chap2.html.

Wiggins, Arthur W. The Joy of Physics. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2007; 2nd ed., 2011.

Bonus Video Interview: “Lavoisier and Thompson on Heat.” Vimeo video, 11:55. Posted on August 2015 by Bloomfield Township. http://vimeo.com/132827829.

CHAPTER 6: MENDELEEV, MEYER, MOSELEY AND THE BIRTH OF THE PERIODIC TABLE

Aldersey-Williams, Hugh. Periodic Tales: A Cultural History of the Elements from Arsenic to Zinc. New York: HarperCollins, 2011.

“A Brief History of the Development of Periodic Table.” Western Oregon University. Accessed June 2015. https://www.wou.edu/las/physci/ch412/perhist.htm.

“Dmitri Mendeleev.” Famous Scientists. Accessed June 2015. http://www.famousscientists.org/dmitri-mendeleev/.

Gordin, Mishael D. “The Textbook Case of a Priority Dispute: D. I. Mendeleev, Lothar Meyer and the Periodic System.” From Nature Engaged; Science in Practice from the Renaissance to the Present, edited by Mario Biagioli and Jessica Riskin. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. Accessed June 2015.

“History of the Periodic Table.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified January 4, 2016. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_periodic_table.

“Julius Lothar Meyer.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified January 5, 2016. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Lothar_Meyer.

“Julius Lothar Meyer and Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev.” Chemical Heritage Foundation. Accessed June 2015. http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history/themes/the-path-to-the-periodic-table/meyer-and-mendeleev.aspx.

Kean, Sam. The Disappearing Spoon: And Other True Tales of Madness, Love, and the History of the World from the Periodic Table of the Elements. New York: Little Brown, 2010.

“Periodic Table.” Royal Society of Chemistry. Accessed June 2015. http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/history/about.

Van der Krogt, Peter. “Development of the Chemical Symbols and the Periodic Table.” VanderKrogt.net. Accessed June 2015. http://www.vanderkrogt.net/elements/chemical_symbols.php.

Wynn Sr., Charles M., and Arthur W. Wiggins. The Five Biggest Ideas in Science. New York: Wiley, 1997.

CHAPTER 7: WESTINGHOUSE AND TESLA VERSUS EDISON—AC/DC TITANS CLASH

Cheney, Margaret. Tesla: Man Out of Time. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1981.

Clark, Ronald. Edison: The Man Who Made the Future. London: A&C Black, 2012.

Kent, David J. Tesla: The Wizard of Electricity. New York: Fall River, 2015.

“Lighting the 1893 World's Fair: The Race to Light the World.” History Rat. Accessed January 5, 2016. https://historyrat.wordpress.com/2013/01/13/lighting-the-1893-worlds-fair-the-race-to-light-the-world/.

Santoso, Alex. “10 Fascinating Facts about Edison.” Neatorama. February 11, 2008. Accessed January 5, 2016. http://www.neatorama.com/2008/02/11/10-fascinating-facts-about-edison/.

Seifer, Mark J. The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla: Biography of a Genius. New York: Citadel, 1998.

Stewart, Daniel Blair. Tesla: The Modern Sorcerer. Bombay, India: Frog Books, 1999.

Valone, Thomas. Harnessing the Wheelwork of Nature: Tesla's Science of Energy.

Wiggins, Arthur W. The Joy of Physics. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2007; 2nd ed., 2011.

Bonus Video Interview: “Tesla-Edison Clash over AC/DC.” Vimeo video, 11:54. Posted on September 2015 by Bloomfield Township. http://vimeo.com/135971779.

CHAPTER 8: ALFRED WEGENER STANDS HIS GROUND ABOUT CONTINENTAL DRIFT

“Alfred Wegener.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified November 13, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Wegener.

“Alfred Wegener (1880–1930).” University of California Museum of Paleontology. Accessed June 2015. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/wegener.html.

Maugh II, Thomas H. “Victor Vacquier Sr. Dies at 101; Geophysicist Was a Master of Magnetics.” Los Angeles Times. January 24, 2009. Accessed January 5, 2016. http://www.latimes.com/science/la-me-vacquier24-2009jan24-story.html.

Sant, Joseph. “Wegener and Continental Drift Theory.” Scientus.org. Accessed June 2015. http://www.scientus.org/Wegener-Continental-Drift.html.

“Victor Vacquier.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified June 5, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Vacquier.

Wynn Sr., Charles M., and Arthur W. Wiggins. The Five Biggest Ideas in Science. New York: Wiley, 1997.

CHAPTER 9: PART 1: ALBERT EINSTEIN, MARCEL GROSSMANN, MILEVA MARIĆ, AND MICHELE BESSO STRUGGLE WITH RELATIVITY

“Einstein Family.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified January 4, 2016. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein_family.

“Heinrich Friedrich Weber.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified April 30, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Friedrich_Weber.

“Heinrich Zangger.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified August 12, 2015. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Zangger.

Lanouette, William, with Bela Silard. Genius in the Shadows: A Biography of Leo Szilard, the Man behind the Bomb. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1992.

“Lenard, Philipp.” In Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008. Encyclopedia.com. Accessed July 2015. http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Philipp_Lenard.aspx.

“Marcel Grossmann.” In Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008. Encyclopedia.com. Accessed July 2015. http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Marcel_Grossmann.aspx.

“Marcel Grossmann.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified November 24, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Grossmann.

“Mileva Marić.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified November 27, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mileva_Marić.

Neffe, Jürgen. Einstein: A Biography. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2005.

Overbye, Dennis. Einstein in Love: A Scientific Romance. New York: Penguin, 2000.

Parker, Barry. Einstein: The Passions of a Scientist. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2003.

Seelig, Carl. Albert Einstein: A Documentary Biography. Zurich: Staples, 1956.

“Time 100: The Most Influential People of the Century.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified December 11, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_Century.

Weinstein, Galina. Einstein's Pathway to the Special Theory of Relativity. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars, 2015.

Wiggins, Arthur W. The Joy of Physics. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2007; 2nd ed., 2011.

CHAPTER 10: PART 2: ALBERT EINSTEIN'S STRUGGLES CONTINUE

“Albert Einstein and Zionism.” Zionism & Israel Information Center. Accessed July 2015. http://www.zionism-israel.com/Albert_Einstein/Albert_Einstein_zionism.htm.

Berlinski, David. “Einstein and Gödel.” Discover, March 1, 2002. Accessed July 2015. http://discovermagazine.com/2002/mar/featgodel.

Einstein, Albert, with Paul A. Schilpp, transl. and ed. Albert Einstein: Autobiographical Notes. LaSalle, IL, and Chicago: Open Court, 1979.

“Einstein's Quest for a Unified Theory.” APS News 14, no. 11 (December 2005), American Physical Society. Accessed July 2015. http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200512/history.cfm.

Gewertz, Ken. “Albert Einstein, Civil Rights Activist.” Harvard Gazette, April 12, 2007. Accessed July 2015. http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2007/04/albert-einstein-civil-rights-activist/.

Hillman, Bruce J., Birgit Ertl-Wagner, and Bernd C. Wagner. The Man Who Stalked Einstein: How Nazi Scientist Phillip Lenard Changed the Course of History. Guildford, CT: Lyons, 2015.

Isaacson, Walter. “How Einstein Divided America's Jews.” Atlantic, December 2009. Accessed July 2015. http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/12/how-einstein-divided-americas-jews/307763/.

Jerome, Fred, and Rodger Taylor. Einstein on Race and Racism. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2006.

Katz, William Loren. “Albert Einstein, Paul Robeson, and Israel.” William Loren Katz, January 21, 2006. Accessed July 2015. http://williamlkatz.com/einstein-robeson-israel/.

Kumar, Manjit. Quantum: Einstein, Bohr, and the Great Debate about the Nature of Reality. New York: Norton, 2011.

Levenson, Thomas. Einstein in Berlin. New York: Bantam, 2003.

“May 3, 1946—Albert Einstein Spoke at Lincoln University in Pennsylvania.” Rhapsody in Books, May 3, 2010. Accessed July 2015. https://rhapsodyinbooks.wordpress.com/2010/05/03/may-3-1946-%E2%80%93-albert-einstein-spoke-at-lincoln-university-in-pennsylvania/.

“Offering the Presidency of Israel to Albert Einstein.” Jewish Virtual Library. Accessed July 2015. https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Politics/einsteinlet.html.

Pirro, Deirdre. “Maria (Maja) Einstein: A Tuscan Paradise Lost.” Florentine, no. 207 (February 2015). Accessed July 2015. http://www.theflorentine.net/articles/article-view.asp?issuetocId=9814.

Popova, Maria. “Albert Einstein's Little-Known Correspondence with W. E. B. Du Bois on Race and Racial Justice.” Brain Pickings. Accessed July 2015. https://www.brainpickings.org/2015/01/06/albert-einstein-w-e-b-du-bois-racism/.

Rosenkranz, Ze'ev. Einstein before Israel: Zionist Icon or Iconoclast? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011.

Sayen, Jamie. Einstein in America: The Scientist's Conscience in the Age of Hitler and Hiroshima. New York: Crown, 1985.

Singer, Saul Jay. “Weizmann and Einstein: The Succession That Wasn't.” Jewish Press, May 28, 2015. Accessed July 2015. http://www.jewishpress.com/indepth/front-page/weizmann-and-einstein-the-succession-that-wasnt/2015/05/28/.

Wiggins, Arthur W. The Joy of Physics. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2007; 2nd ed., 2011.

Yourgrau, Palle. A World without Time: The Forgotten Legacy of Godel and Einstein.

Bonus Video Interview: “Bohr and Einstein Differ on the Quantum.” Vimeo video, 19:47. Posted on October 2015 by Bloomfield Township. http://vimeo.com/138738811.

CHAPTER 11: EDWIN HUBBLE AND HARLOW SHAPLEY CLASH/COOPERATE OVER THE UNIVERSE'S SIZE

Christianson, Gale E. Edwin Hubble: Mariner of the Nebulae. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.

“Edwin Powell Hubble—The Man Who Discovered the Cosmos.” Hubble Space Telescope. Accessed July 2015. https://www.spacetelescope.org/about/history/the_man_behind_the_name/.

Fernie, J. D. “The Period-Luminosity Relation: A Historical Review.” Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 81, no. 483:707. Accessed July 2015. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1969PASP…81..707F.

“From Our Galaxy to Island Universes.” Ideas of Cosmology. Accessed July 2015. https://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/ideas/island.htm.

Geiling, Natasha. “The Women Who Mapped the Universe and Still Couldn't Get Any Respect.” Smithsonian.com, September 18, 2003. Accessed July 2015. http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-women-who-mapped-the-universe-and-still-couldnt-get-any-respect-9287444/.

Glass, Ian S. Revolutionaries of the Cosmos: The Astro-Physicists. London:

“Henrietta Leavitt 1868–1921.” PBS.org. Accessed July 2015. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/baleav.html.

“Henry Draper (1837–1882).” Open Door Web Site. History of Science and Technology. Accessed July 2015. http://www.saburchill.com/HOS/astronomy/033.html.

Johnson, George. Miss Leavitt's Stars. New York: W. W. Norton, 2005.

Levy, David. The Scientific American Book of the Cosmos. New York: St. Martin's, 2000.

“Milton L. Humason.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified May 4, 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_L._Humason.

North, John. Cosmos: An Illustrated History of Astronomy and Cosmology. Chicago:

Parker, Barry R. Creation: The Story of the Origin and Evolution of the Universe. Berlin: Springer 2013.

Putnam, William Lowell, et al. The Explorers of Mars Hill. Flagstaff, AZ: Lowell Observatory, 1994.

“Shapley, Harlow.” In Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, 2008. Encyclopedia.com. Accessed July 2015. http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Harlow_Shapley.aspx.

Shapley, Harlow. Through Rugged Ways to the Stars. New York: Scribner's Sons, 1969.

“Slipher, Vesto Melvin.” In Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, 2008. Encyclopedia.com, December 11, 2015. Accessed July 2015. http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Vesto_Melvin_Slipher.aspx#2.

Wiggins, Arthur W., and Charles M. Wynn Sr. The Five Biggest Unsolved Problems in Science. New York: Wiley, 2003.

Bonus Video Interview: “Hubble and Shapley Figure the Universe Size.” Vimeo video, 16:14. Posted on September 2015 by Bloomfield Township. http://vimeo.com/135583736.

CHAPTER 12: DISASTROUS CONSEQUENCES OF LISE MEITNER AND OTTO HAHN'S DISCOVERY OF NUCLEAR FISSION

Barron, Rachel Stiffler. Lise Meitner, Discoverer of Nuclear Fission. Greensboro, NC: Morgan Reynolds, 2000.

“The Bohr-Heisenberg Meeting in September 1941.” American Institute of Physics. Accessed July 2015. https://www.aip.org/history/heisenberg/bohr-heisenberg-meeting.htm.

Bortz, Alfred B. Physics: Decade by Decade. New York: Facts on File, 2007.

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Accessed July 2015. http://thebulletin.org.

“Discovery of Nuclear Fission.” APS News 16, no. 11 (December 2007), American Physical Society. Accessed July 2015. http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200712/physicshistory.cfm.

“Enrico Fermi.” Radio Chemistry Society. Accessed July 2015. http://www.radiochemistry.org/nuclearmedicine/pioneers/fermi_e.shtml.

Frisch, Otto. What Little I Remember. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.

Fromm, James Richard. Harnessing of Nuclear Fission: The Story of the Atomic Bomb. Accessed July 2015. Third Millennium Online. http://www.3rd1000.com/nuclear/cruc18.htm.

“German Nuclear Weapon Project.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified December 29, 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_nuclear_weapon_project.

Hafemeister, David, ed. Physics and Nuclear Arms Today. Melville, NY: American Institute of Physics, 1991.

“James Chadwick.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified December 16, 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick.

Jungk, Robert. Brighter Than a Thousand Suns. Boston: Mariner, 1970.

Lanouette, William. “Ideas by Szilard, Physics by Fermi.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 48, no. 10 (1992): 16–23.

“Manhattan Project.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified January 5, 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Project.

“The Manhattan Project: Making the Atomic Bomb.” Atomicarchive.com. Accessed July 2015. http://www.atomicarchive.com/History/mp/.

“May 1932: Chadwick Reports the Discovery of the Neutron.” APS News 16, no. 5 (May 2007), American Physical Society. Accessed July 2015. http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200705/physicshistory.cfm.

Rhodes, Richard. The Making of the Atomic Bomb. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986.

Rife, Patricia. “Lise Meitner.” In Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia (2009). Jewish Women's Archive. Accessed July 2015. http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/meitner-lise.

Segré, Emilio. Enrico Fermi, Physicist. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.

Several, James Lewis. World War II. Google Play: Kreactive Editorial, n.d.

Sime, Ruth Lewin. Lise Meitner, A Life in Physics. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.

“Werner Heisenberg.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified December 31, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg.

Wiggins, Arthur W. The Joy of Physics. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2007; 2nd ed., 2011.

CHAPTER 13: MAURICE WILKINS, ROSALIND FRANKLIN, JAMES WATSON, AND FRANCIS CRICK DETERMINE THE STRUCTURE OF DNA

Borell, Brendan. “Watson's Nobel Medal Sells for US$4.1 Million.” Nature (December 4, 2014). Accessed July 2015. http://www.nature.com/news/watson-s-nobel-medal-sells-for-us-4-1-million-1.16500.

Crick, Francis. What Mad Pursuit; A Personal View of Scientific Discovery. New York: Basic, 1990.

“The Culture in Maurice Wilkins’ Lab, Raymond Gosling.” DNA Learning Center. Accessed August 2015. https://www.dnalc.org/view/15261-The-culture-in-Maurice-Wilkins-lab-Raymond-Gosling.html.

“DNA Story at King's: The Hidden DNA Workers.” DNA and Social Responsibility. Accessed August 2015. http://dnaandsocialresponsibility.blogspot.com/2010_09_01_archive.html.

“Francis Crick (1916–2004).” DNA from the Beginning. Accessed August 2015. http://www.dnaftb.org/19/bio-2.html.

Hall, Kersten T. The Man in the Monkeynut Coat: William Astbury and the Forgotten Road to the Double-Helix. Oxford: Oxford University Press, August 2014.

Maddox, Brenda. Rosalind Franklin: The Dark Lady of DNA. New York: HarperCollins, 2002.

Perry, Keith. “James Watson Selling Nobel Prize ‘Because No-One Wants to Admit I Exist.’” Telegraph, November 28, 2014. Accessed August 2015. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/11261872/James-Watson-selling-Nobel-prize-because-no-one-wants-to-admit-I-exist.html.

Piper, Anne. “Rosalind Franklin.” In Trends in Biochemical Sciences 23 (1998): 151–54. Accessed August 2015. http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/articles/franklin/piper.html#section9.

“Raymond Gosling on Working on DNA with Rosalind Franklin.” Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Oral History Collection, recorded March 3, 2003. Accessed January 7, 2016. http://library.cshl.edu/oralhistory/interview/scientific-experience/molecular-biologists/working-dna-rosalind-franklin/.

Ridley, Matt. Francis Crick: Discoverer of the Genetic Code. New York: Harper, 2006.

Sayre, Anne. Rosalind Franklin and DNA. New York: W. W. Norton, 2000.

Watson, James D. A Passion for DNA Genes, Genomes, and Society. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2000.

Watson, James D. The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA. New York: Touchstone, 1968.

Wilkins, Maurice. The Third Man of the Double Helix: The Autobiography of Maurice Wilkins. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

“William Astbury.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified January 5, 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Astbury.

Bonus Video Interview: “Franklin and Wilkins Do DNA.” Vimeo video, 11:49. Posted on October 2015 by Bloomfield Township. http://vimeo.com/138738821.

CHAPTER 14: J. CRAIG VENTER, JAMES WATSON, AND MICHAEL HUNKAPILLER RACE FOR THE HUMAN GENOME

Cook-Deegan. Robert. The Gene Wars: Science, Politics, and the Human Genome. New York: W. W. Norton, 1998.

Davies, Kevin. Cracking the Genome: Inside the Race to Unlock Human DNA. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.

“Genome Sizes.” users.rcn.com. Accessed August 2015. http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/G/GenomeSizes.html.

Hood, Lee. “Lee Hood: Making the Future Happen.” Scientific American Worldview. Accessed August 2015. http://www.saworldview.com/archive/2012/lee-hood-making-the-future-happen/.

“Leroy Hood.” Wikipedia, s. v. Last modified November 22, 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leroy_Hood.

Ridley, Matt. Genome: The Autobiography of a Species in 23 Chapters. New York: Harper, 2000.

Venter, J. Craig. A Life Decoded: My Genome: My Life. New York: Viking, 2007.

Wiggins, Arthur W., and Charles M. Wynn Sr. The Five Biggest Unsolved Problems in Science. New York: Wiley, 2003.

CHAPTER 15.1: TEN HONORABLE MENTIONS: WILHELM CONRAD RÖNTGEN

Berger, Harold. The Mystery of a New Kind of Rays: The Story of Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen and His Discovery of X-Rays. CreateSpace, 2012.

Markel, Howard. “‘I Have Seen My Death’: How the World Discovered the X-Ray.” PBS NewsHour, December 20, 2012. Accessed August 2015. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/i-have-seen-my-death-how-the-world-discovered-the-x-ray/.

“Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen—Biographical.” Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Accessed August 2015. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1901/rontgen-bio.html.

“Wilhelm Röntgen.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified January 2, 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Röntgen.

CHAPTER 15.2: TEN HONORABLE MENTIONS: PERLMUTTER, RIESS, AND SCHMIDT

Appell, David. “Dark Forces at Work.” Scientific American. May 1, 2008. Accessed August 2015. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/dark-forces-at-work/?page=2.

“The High-Z SN Search.” Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. Accessed August 2015. https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/supernova//HighZ.html.

Panek, Richard. The 4% Universe: Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Race to Discover the Rest of Reality. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2011.

Preuss, Paul. “The Evolving Search for the Nature of Dark Energy.” Berkeley Lab, October 27, 2009. Accessed August 2015. http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2009/10/27/evolving-dark-energy/.

“Saul Perlmutter.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified October 1, 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter.

CHAPTER 15.3: TEN HONORABLE MENTION: PARTICLE ACCELERATIONS

“The History of CERN.” CERN Timelines. Accessed August 2015. http://timeline.web.cern.ch/timelines/The-history-of-CERN.

Kolbert, Elizabeth. “Crash Course: Can a Seventeen-Mile-Long Collider Unlock the Universe?” New Yorker, May 14, 2007, Accessed August 2015. http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/05/14/crash-course.

CHAPTER 15.4: TEN HONORABLE MENTION: BOSE, BOSONS, AND THE HIGGS BOSON

“Satyendranath Bose.” MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive. Accessed August 2015. http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Bose.html.

“Satyendra Nath Bose.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified January 3, 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose.

CHAPTER 15.5: TEN HONORABLE MENTION: ENRICO FERMI, FRANK DRAKE, AND JILL TARTER

“Breakthrough Initiatives.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified October 20, 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough_Initiatives.

“Contact (1997 American Film).” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified December 3, 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_(1997_American_film).

“Drake Equation.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified, January 4, 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drake_equation.

“Jill Tarter.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified December 11, 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jill_Tarter.

“Jill Tarter: A Scientist Searching for Alien Life.” NPR, July 23, 2012. Accessed August 2015. http://www.npr.org/2012/07/23/156366055/jill-tarter-a-scientist-searching-for-alien-life.

Shostak, Seth. “Should We Keep a Low Profile in Space?” New York Times, March 25, 2015. Accessed August 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/28/opinion/sunday/messaging-the-stars.html.

“Yuri Milner.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified December 24, 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Milner.

CHAPTER 15.6: TEN HONORABLE MENTION: STEPHEN HAWKING AND BLACK HOLES

Ferguson, Kitty. Stephen Hawking: An Unfettered Mind. New York: Macmillan, 2012.

Mlodinow, Leonard. The Upright Thinkers: The Human Journey from Living in Trees to Understanding the Cosmos. New York: Pantheon, 2015.

“Stephen Hawking.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified January 6, 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hawking.

Susskind, Leonard. The Black Hole War: My Battle with Stephen Hawking to Make the World Safe for Quantum Mechanics. New York: Little, Brown, 2008.

CHAPTER 15.7: TEN HONORABLE MENTION: COSMOS

Achenbach, Joel. “Why Carl Sagan Is Truly Irreplaceable.” Smithsonian, March 2014. Accessed August 2015. http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/why-carl-sagan-truly-irreplaceable-180949818/.

“Carl Sagan.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified January 4, 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Sagan.

“Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified December 30, 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmos:_A_Spacetime_Odyssey.

Morrison, David. “Carl Sagan's Life and Legacy as Scientist, Teacher, and Skeptic.” Skeptical Inquirer 31, no. 1 (January/February 2007). Accessed August 2015. http://www.csicop.org/si/show/carl_sagans_life_and_legacy_as_scientist_teacher_and_skeptic.

Sagan, Carl, and Ann Druyan. The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark. New York: Ballantine, 1996.

CHAPTER 15.8: TEN HONORABLE MENTION: GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER

Bolden, Tanya. George Washington Carver. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2008.

“George Washington Carver.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified January 4, 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_Carver.

Wormser, Richard. “The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow.” PBS.org. Accessed August 2015. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_people_booker.html.

CHAPTER 15.9: TEN HONORABLE MENTION: HEDY LAMARR AND GEORGE ANTHÉIL

“George Antheil.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified January 6, 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Antheil.

“Hedy Lamarr.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified January 6, 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr.

“Hedy Lamarr: Invention of Spread Spectrum Technology.” Famous Women Inventors. Accessed August 2015. http://www.women-inventors.com/Hedy-Lammar.asp.

Rhodes, Richard. Hedy's Folly: The Life and Breakthrough Inventions of Hedy Lamarr, the Most Beautiful Woman in the World. New York: Vintage, 2011.

Shearer, Stephen M. Beautiful: The Life of Hedy Lamarr. New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 2013.

CHAPTER 15.10: TEN HONORABLE MENTION: THE AMAZING RANDI

“Billet Reading.” Wikipedia, s.v. Last modified November 24, 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billet_reading.

Higginbotham, Adam. “The Unbelievable Skepticism of the Amazing Randi.” New York Times Magazine, November 7, 2014. Accessed August 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/09/magazine/the-unbelievable-skepticism-of-the-amazing-randi.html?r=0.

James Randi Educational Foundation. Accessed August 2015. http://web.randi.org/about.html.