The index that appeared in the print version of this title was intentionally removed from the eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below
accidents. See also fortune
Accioatoli, Robert
Adams, Robert M.
adaptation, biological. See also natural selection
aerial perspective
use in maps
Agathocles the Sicilian
aggressiveness
agonic modes of behavior. See also competition; fear; threat
Alexander VI (pope)
and Cesare Borgia
Alexander the Great
Alexander, Richard D.
allegory, use of. See also fortune altruism
reciprocal. See also cooperation
Amboise, Charles d’
Amboise, Georges d’ (cardinal of Rouen)
Anabasis (Xenophon)
analog signals
anatomy, Leonardo’s studies of
empirical approach
anger/threat: facial displays of. See also threat
Anghiari, Battle of: Machiavelli’s account of. See also Battle of Anghiari, The
animal (social) behavior
compared with human behavior
cost-benefit approach to
intentionality in
Leonardo’s contributions to field. See also animal nature; primates, nonhuman; individual animals
animal kingdom, Leonardo’s divisions of
animal nature
Leonardo’s view of
Machiavellian theory of
compared with human nature
See also animal (social) behavior
anthropomorphism
Antiphon the Sophist
antiquity
citizen armies in
compared with modernity
importance for Machiavelli
politics
population increase results. See also Greek philosophy; paganism
apes. See primates, nonhuman
Appiani, Jacopo
architecture, Leonardo’s contribution to
Ardinghelli (secretary to Giuliano de’ Medici)
Ardrey, Robert
aristocracy
Aristotle
analysis of comparative anatomy
on human nature
on inequality and education
on justice
Leonardo on
mathematics
Nicomaehean Ethics
on politics
on wisdom and reason
arms: good
and power of rulers
Armstrong, Neil
Arno River: history and fortune compared to
Leonardo’s maps of
Arno River, plans for diversion of
abandonment of
Buonaccorsi’s account of
Leonardo’s role in
Machiavelli’s role in
September 1504 correspondence
art
for Leonardo
techne (technical reason)
artillery, use of
effect on warfare
Art of War, The (Machiavelli)
dedication
publication. See also individual topics
asocial behavior, among animals
attention structures in social interaction
attitude change, as response to television images
Aubrey, John
Augustine, St.
authority, of Hobbesian sovereign
Axelrod, Robert
baboons
Bacon, Francis
on conquest of nature
and modernity
Baglioni, Giovampagolo
Battle of Anghiari, The (Leonardo)
attempts to ensure completion
Leonardo’s failure to complete
Machiavelli’s role in negotiating terms for
notes on in Treatise on Painting
Rubens’s copy of
techniques used
behavior, animal. See animal (social) behavior; animal nature
behavior, human
Hobbesian theory
Leonardo’s contributions
Machiavelli on
place of choice in. See also human nature; social behavior, human
behavioral ecology
Belfagor (Machiavelli)
benefits, calculation of. See cost-benefit models
Berardi, Giovan
Berlusconi, Sergio
Bible, the
biology
evolutionary. See also animal (social) behavior; animal nature; sociobiology
Birder’s Handbook, The (Ehrlich, Dobkin and Whey)
birds
blame. See praise and blame
body language. See nonverbal behavior
Boffrand, Germain
bonding, as social behavior
bonobos (pygmy chimpanzees)
Borgia, Cesare
Appiani’s deposition by
court
death
Leonardo’s association with
as military architect
Machiavelli on errors of
Machiavelli’s association with
parallels with Lorenzo de’ Medici
use as example in The Prince
See also Legations to Valentino
Bramly, Serge
Brizio, Anna Maria
Brunelleschi, Filippo
Buonaccorsi, Biagio
account of the diversion of the Arno
manuscript copies of The Prince
Buondelmonti, Zanobi, Discourses on Titus Livy dedicated to
Burckhardt, Jacob
Burke, Edmund
Bush, George
calculus
canals
in diversion of the Arno
cannibalism, Leonardo on
Caplan, Arthur
Cassavecchia, Filippo
casting techniques
Catholic Church
Cato
Cavallo, Il (Leonardo)
censorship, devices to avert
centralized government/state
control of market economy
leadership’s importance in
origins
protection of collective goods. See also government(s); state(s)
Chance, Michael
charity, as a Christian virtue
Chastel, André
chimpanzees
hedonic and agonic modes
social structures
violence
choice(s)
in animal social behavior
place in human behavior
Machiavelli on Cesare Borgia’s
Christianity
doctrine: and Hobbes
in Leonardo’s philosophy
original sin
dualism between faith and reason
Machiavelli’s critique of
behavior apparently contradicting
on ideal of “kingdom of God”
and standards of praise and blame
virtue for
Church of England
Cicero
citizen army
in Florentine Republic
City of God (Augustine)
city-states
civil disorder
Clark, Kenneth
Clement VII (pope)
Florentine Histories dedicated to. See also Medici, Giulio de’
cleverness
represented by the fox
CNN coverage of news
Cold War period
collective goods: exploitation of. See also environment; resources
Colleoni, Bartolomeo, monument to
Colombino (architect)
colonies: of birds or mammals
in human history
combat
with force
with laws
commerce
common (mutual) benefit/good
and collective resources
devotion to
in the Discourses
and leadership
commonwealth, in Hobbes
communication
deceptive
nonverbal
in politics
in Prisoner’s Dilemma. See also media; printing
communism
competition
in animal behavior
in stateless societies
conflict
in Hobbes. See also combat; force
consent, common
conservatism
Constantine
constitutional government. See also democracy; republic
contemplation
control
of fortune
of history
over human nature
cooperation
limits of
in stateless societies
cost-benefit models
Cromwell, Thomas
cruelty, and the economy of power
culture
of chimpanzees
facial expression differences
role in of choice
customs
Cyropedia (Xenophon)
Cyrus
as a founder
dams. See dikes and dams
Darwin, Charles
Darwinism and Human Affairs (Alexander)
David (Michelangelo)
deceptive (indirect) communication. See also deviousness
Declaration of Independence
deduction
defense: in animal behavior
and clan
as kind of “common good”
and military technology
need for leadership
role in origin of the state
de Grazia, Sebastian
democracy
television’s effects on. See also constitutional government
De Principatibus (Machiavelli). See Prince, The
De rerum natura (Lucretius)
Descartes, René
desire (appetite)
and economy of power
in Mandragola
deviousness, in Machiavelli
in dispatches and correspondence
and forms of direct address
reasons for
dialogue form, use of
Diderot, Denis
digital signals
dikes and dams
as metaphors
in comparison of fortune and a river
in comparison of fortune and a woman
direct address, in The Prince
disasters, natural. See also floods; whirlwind
Discourse on Method (Descartes)
Discourses on Titus Livy (Machiavelli)
consistency with The Prince and the Florentine Histories
Dedicatory Letter
devious writing
Leonardo’s influence
multiple meanings of word “prince”
parallels with Leonardo’s Notebooks
publication
Rousseau’s interpretation of. See also individual topics
dissection
dominance
in animal social behavior
dominated aggressive role
in human relationships
sociological definition of. See also leaders and leadership; power
Dukakis, Michael
Eastern Europe
ecology
behavioral. See also environment
economics
cost-benefit theory
Hobbes on
Leonardo’s theories on
pleasure-pain calculus
progress
economy of power. See power, economy of
education
Eisenhower, Dwight
election campaigns
elite, the
Ellickson, Robert
emotions
facial expressions of
responses to television images
empiricism
ends, seen as defining the means
England
enlightenment: dream of universal
and rise of modernity
environment
animal behavior related to
nature of sites. See also ecology
epistemology. See knowledge
equality: for Hobbes
Machiavelli on
in modern political and social systems
equestrian statues. See also Cavallo, Il
esoteric writing. See deceptive communication; deviousness
ethnic conflicts, contemporary
ethnocentrism
ethology
criticism of
on dominant status
on feuds over resources
on leadership
on mammalian heritage
Euclid
Europe: politics in 19th and 20th centuries. See also Eastern Europe; individual countries
evolution
hominid
and Machiavelli
punctuated equilibria theory. See also natural selection
evolutionary biology
and cooperation
Fachard, Denis
on plans to divert the Arno
facial expressions
on television
faith, as a Christian virtue
Faulkner, Robert K.
fear
facial displays of
role in economy of power
triad of love and hate and
fetus, Leonardo’s drawing of
feuds, in stateless societies
First Decennale, The (Machiavelli)
flattery
flight (running away)
facial displays of
floods
in allegory of rivers and fortune
Leonardo on. See also rivers
Florence
fall of republic in 1512
Leonardo’s association with
Machiavelli’s association with
devotion to
life following fall of republic. See also Machiavelli, Niccolò
and need for deviousness in writing
opposition to the optimates
silence about experiences
Florentine Histories (Machiavelli)
Dedicatory Letter
parallels with Leonardo’s Notebooks
publication
Rousseau’s interpretation of. See also individual topics
flying machine, Leonardo’s plans for
force
associated with animal nature
government of law backed by
forethought, human
form, in art
Leonardo’s descriptions and designs
Leonardo’s work on for Cesare Borgia
Leonardo’s work on for the Florentine Republic
Machiavelli’s design for
in Machiavelli’s works
La Verruca
fortune
animal adaptation compared with
and Cesare Borgia’s failure
compared to a river
compared to a woman
control of
and power of rulers
founder(s)
American
of Christianity
creative power
emphasis on being entirely new
examples
use of word “prince” to refer to. See also leaders
foxes
nature of
as example for a prince
France
Machiavelli’s praise for
place in fortune and river analogy
revolution
television’s effects on politics. See also Francis I; Louis XII
Francis I (king of France)
Frank, Robert
freedom
free markets
friendship
and the economy of power
fundamentalism, religious
Galileo
game theory
as approach to social cooperation
Geller, Margaret
gender differences: in nonhuman primate behavior
in reaction to nonverbal behavior
in status in human societies
genetics
genetic engineering
geometry
Euclidean
Germany
Nazi
place in fortune and river analogy
television’s effects on politics
Gilbert, Felix
Ginevra de Benci (Leonardo)
Glaucon
global economy
“global village”
God: belief in as Christian virtue
modern challenges to
place in history. See also fortune
Goodall, Jane
Gorbachev, Mikhail
Gould, Stephen Jay
government(s)
for Hobbes
for Machiavelli. See also individual forms of government
grammatical devices. See also direct address
Grand Council Hall of the Palazzo della Signoria, Leonardo’s mural. See also Battle of Anghiari, The
greed
Greek philosophy
and Machiavelli. See also Aristotle; Plato
Guiccardini, Francesco
Machiavelli’s letters to
hamadryas baboons
Hamilton, William D.
Hannibal
Hardin, Garrett
harquebuses, use of
hate (hatred)
facial displays of
role in economy of power
triad of love and fear and
hedonic modes of behavior. See also bonding; pleasure; reassurance
hedonism, individual
on history
on human life
Henry VIII (king of England)
Heydenreich, Ludwig H.
Hiero of Syracuse
history
compared to a river
fortune in
in education of leaders
History of Florence (Machiavelli). See Florentine Histories
Hitler, Adolf
Hobbes, Thomas
on human nature
modern period dated from
perspective of writings
political philosophy
on social contract
on state of nature
on universal education
“war of all against all”
hope, as a Christian virtue
horse: nature of
Horton, William (“Willie”), Jr.
human behavior. See behavior, human
human beings, industrialized production of
humanism
Machiavelli’s training in
human nature
ancient Greek political thought on
calculus of pleasure and pain
contemporary studies of
for Hobbes
for Leonardo. See also behavior, human; social behavior
human nature, Machiavellian theory of
and contemporary biology
compared with animal nature
compared with other philosophic theories
and laws
limitations on
reduction of by Hobbes
relationship to history and fortune
relationship to power
and standards of praise and blame
hunter-gatherers
compared with nonhuman primates
leadership
hunting, advised for the prince
Icarus
images: created by television
in Machiavelli
Imola: Leonardo’s map of
as site for likely meeting
impetus, use of term: by Leonardo
by Machiavelli
inclusive fitness theory
indigenous people
indirect (deceptive) communication. See also deviousness
induction
industrial societies
contemporary problems
educational requirements
leadership in
infantry, Machiavelli on
information, flow of
innovation. See novelty
intelligence, human
and equality
for Hobbes
for Machiavelli
three kinds of for Machiavelli
intention, in Machiavelli’s works. See also deviousness
intentionality: among nonhuman animals
power attributed to
presupposed in altruism
in vitro fertilization
Iran
irony, use by Machiavelli
in dedication of The Prince
Italy
place in fortune analogy
television’s effects on politics. See also individual cities and city-states
Iyengar, Shanto
Jefferson, Thomas
Jesus Christ
Jew of Malta, The (Marlowe), Prologue
Julius II (pope)
and Cesare Borgia
and Piero Soderini
justice
Kant, Immanuel
Khomeini, Ayatollah
Kinder, Donald
kingdom
kinship
in social cooperation
knowledge
for Hobbes
Machiavelli on
and popular enlightenment
Kojéve, Alexandre
landscapes
language(s)
human development of
Latin, use of
use in politics
Lapi, Giuliano
Last Supper, The (Leonardo)
law(s)
for Hobbes
modern
law(s), Machiavelli on
and equality in government
force combined with
as foundation of the state
governing in accordance with
historical accidents controlled by
institution of written legal system
and leaders of centralized states
in river and fortune analogy
as a source of common good
leaders and leadership
among nonhuman primates
and the common good
modern
relationship to followers
television’s effects on
leaders and leadership, Machiavellian theory of
characterized by social relationships
compared with ethological view of
education for
image of violence by
role of animal behavior in
role of education
stress on in political thought
virtue connected with. See also founder(s); prince, the; prudence
Legations to Valentino (Legazioni al Duca Valentino) (Machiavelli)
Lenin
Leonardo da Vinci
association with Florence. See Florence
connections with Machiavelli. See Machiavelli and Leonardo, connections between
consultation on diversion of the Arno. See Arno River, plans for diversion of
in Milan. See Milan
mission to Piombino. See Piombino
patronage of French and Italian rulers. See individual rulers by name
urban planning projects.
See also individual topics and works
Leo X (pope). See also Medici, Giovanni
Leviathan (Hobbes)
liberalism
liberality
light, in art
Lincoln, Abraham
lions
as example for a prince
nature of
Liveretto de Fermo
Locke, John
epistemology
equality for
focus on a state of nature
on leadership
on natural rights
perspective of writings
as representative of modern thought
on social contract
theory of human nature
Lorenz, Konrad
Louis XII (king of France)
invasion of Italy
Leonardo in service of
Louis XIV (king of France), statue of
love
facial displays of
role in economy of power
triad of hate and fear and
Lucretius
De rerum natura
McGrew, William C.
Machiavelli, Niccolò
associations with Italian rulers. See individual rulers by name
connections with Leonardo. See Machiavelli and Leonardo, connections between
correspondence with Francisco Vettori. See Vettori, Francisco
in Florence and the Florentine Republic. See Florence; individual rulers
following fall of the Florentine Republic
imprisonment and torture
involvement in diversion of Arno River. See Arno River, plans for diversion of
See also individual topics and works
Machiavelli and Leonardo, connections between
evidence for
Leonardo’s influence on Machiavelli
evidence of
Machiavelli and Leonardo’s paintings
Machiavelli’s silence concerning Leonardo
hypotheses on
possible discussions between
Machiavelli’s Correspondence (Atkinson and Sices, editors)
McLuhan, Marshall
Mandradola (Machiavelli)
attempt to reorient popular attitude
portrayal of seduction
Prologue
Mansfield, Harvey C.
maps by Leonardo
of the Arno
of Imola
use of aerial perspective
Marcus Aurelius, statue
market economy
Marlowe, Christopher
Prologue to Jew of Malta
marmots (woodchucks)
Martelli, Piero di Braccio
Marx, Karl
history and politics for
on Hobbes
on human nature
on mode of production
Marxism. See communism; socialism
mathematics
Leonardo’s contribution to
meaning(s). See also deviousness
meanness, and standards of praise and blame
means: ends defined by
virtuous
media, mass. See also newspapers; television
Medici, the
and Leonardo
and Machiavelli. See also individual family members
Medici, Giovanni. See also Leo X
Medici, Giuliano de’
and Leonardo
Machiavelli’s sonnets and letter to
The Prince originally dedicated to
Medici, Giulio de’. See also Clement VII
Medici, Lorenzo de Piero de’
and Leonardo
parallels with Cesare Borgia
The Prince dedicated to
Medici, Piero de’
mercy, and the economy of power
Merejkowski, Dmitri
Michelangelo
Michelozzi, Niccolò
Leonardo’s map of
military forces
in river and fortune analogy. See also citizen army
military strategy
Machiavelli on. See also warfare
military technology
Leonardo’s contribution to
for Cesare Borgia
early plans for
for the Florentine Republic
parallels in Machiavelli’s strategy
Machiavelli’s attitude toward
See also artillery; fortifications
Mill, John Stuart
mobility, in modern society
modernity
and Hobbes
and integration of theory and practice
Leonardo’s contributions to
Machiavelli’s contributions to
origins
and present status of Western civilization
transition to
Mona Lisa (Leonardo)
perspective
monarchies
Mondale, Walter
monkeys
social displays
morality
classical view of
for Machiavelli
moral reason (phronesis; practical wisdom)
Mosaic Law
Moses
as a founder
regime based on law
Hobbes on
motion
in art
Murphy, James Bernard
Nabis (Spartan prince)
Najemy, John H.
nationalism
and contemporary violence. See also patriotism
nation-states. See also centralized government
Native Americans
natural law, for Hobbes
natural selection
in analysis of social behavior
and cooperation
on individual and group level
and sexual selection
nature, state of
for Hobbes
for Rousseau
Nazi Germany
Nederman, Cary J.
neo-Darwinian theory
networks, social
neuroscience
newspapers
Newton, Isaac
Nicomachean Ethics (Aristotle)
Nietzsche, Friedrich
nonverbal behavior
among primates
on television
Notebooks (Leonardo)
letter to “Messer Nicolò”
parallels with Machiavelli’s writings
publication. See also individual topics
novelty (innovation)
in Leonardo’s contributions: to the fine arts
to mathematics and science
in Machiavelli’s writings
relationship to deviousness
type found in The Art of War
nuclear weapons
Nuvarola
obedience, political, Hobbes on
role in the economy of power
Old Testament
“On Ambition” (Machiavelli)
“On Fortune” (“Tercets on Fortune”) (Machiavelli)
On Principalities (Machiavelli). See Prince, The
On Truth (Antiphon the Sophist)
orangutans
order
Origin of the Species (Darwin)
ostracism
outsiders, in modern societies
paganism
dualism between scientific knowledge and public opinion
elements of in Machiavelli’s teachings. See also antiquity
pain
and the economy of power
pleasure-pain calculus
painting: Leonardo’s innovations in. See also Treatise on Painting; individual paintings by name
Palazzo della Signoria: Leonardo’s mural. See also Battle of Anghiari, The
papacy: and Cesare Borgia
and Henry VIII. See also individual popes
parties, political
patriotism. See also nationalism
Pedretti, Carlo
on 1514 letter in Leonardo’s Notebooks
people, the. See vulgar, the
peppered moth (Biston botularia)
Perot, Ross
Persian Gulf War
personification of animal attributes
anthropomorphism
perspective: of ancient and modern writings
in Machiavelli’s works
Leonardo’s contribution to. See also aerial perspective
philosopher-king, for Plato
philosophy
Machiavelli on
pagan
relationship to natural science. See also Greek philosophy; political philosophy; individual philosophers and topics
physics
Physiognomonics (Aristotle)
Piombino (port and fortress)
Leonardo’s mission to
Leonardo’s plans for fortification of
piracy, Aristotle on
Pisa, siege of. See also Arno River, plans for diversion of
Pius III (pope)
Plato
allegory of the Cave
on education
Hobbes on
image of primitive peoples
on manmade images
on mathematics
on the philosopher-king
psychological categories
theory of human nature
use of dialogue form. See also Republic
pleasure
and the economy of power
in Mandragola
pleasure-pain calculus
Pocock, J. G. A.
Pole, Cardinal Reginald
political institutions
origins. See also government; state(s)
political philosophy
Hobbesian
modern
social behavior implications
politics
Leonardo’s contributions
Machiavelli seen as trying to transform
Machiavelli’s experience in
modern
focus on rights
television’s effects on
in pagan antiquity
based on human nature
consistency with scientific evidence
contemporary political science compared to
contemporary return to
corrupting role of
as the “master science”
negative views of
primacy of
priority over natural sciences
teaching of. See also individual topics
popular support: and Cesare Borgia
in political authority
population growth
power
and animal behavior
Hobbes on. See also dominance
power, Machiavelli on
alternative interpretations
arrogant exercise of
of Cesare Borgia
economy of
and fortresses
and inequality
of the leader
manipulation of
relationship to human nature
represented by the lion
practical wisdom (moral reason; phronesis)
practice: in Hobbes’s Leviathan
in Machiavelli’s educational proposals
relationship to theory, see theory
praise and blame: of the living and the dead
standards of
and the economy of power
in Mandragola
predation, defense against
predictability, in modern society
presidents, U.S.
primates, nonhuman, social behavior
gender and dominance
groups
nonverbal communication
security against predators
studies of. See also baboons; chimpanzees
prince, the
and the economy of power
education of
multiple meanings for. See also leaders and leadership
Prince, The (Il Principe) (Machiavelli)
consistency with Discourses and Florentine Histories
Dedicatory Letters
direct address in
intentions
parallels with Leonardo’s Notebooks
publication
Rousseau’s interpretation of
use of Latin title. See also individual topics
principality
Principe, Il (Machiavelli). See Prince, The
printing
impact on politics
Prisoner’s Dilemma (game theory model)
approach to social cooperation
privatization
propaganda
property: “fee simple”
for Leonardo
for Locke
and the prince
among stateless peoples
Protagoras
prudence
guidance of science by
of leaders
military
necessary for science or technology
superiority of
in use of deceptive writing
as virtue
psychology
Plato’s categories
pleasure-pain calculus
public opinion
polls
punctuated equilibria, III
punishment: Hobbes on
role in origin of the state
pygmy chimpanzees (bonobos)
rape: Machiavelli’s metaphor of
retaliation for
Raphael
rational choice theory
Reagan, Ronald
campaign against Mondale
reason: dualism with faith
integration with practice
moral
for Plato
technical
reassurance
facial displays of
reciprocity
cultural norms of
in Prisoner’s Dilemma
in stateless societies
religion
challenged by science
contemporary
and Henry VII. See also Christianity; theology
religious conflicts, contemporary
violence in
religious fundamentalism
religious institutions. See also Catholic Church
representative government
Republic (Plato)
educational proposals
Machiavelli’s criticism of
on selfishness
republic(s) (republican government). See also constitutional government
republic(s) (republican government), for Machiavelli
as a goal
good laws and good order
leaders
education for
resources
competition for
exploitation of
revolutions
17th and 18th century
rhetorical devices, in Machiavelli
Richelieu
Richter, J. P.
rights
in modern political thought
natural
to self-preservation
rivers
fortune and history metaphor
Leonardo’s interest in
rechanneling
Brunelleschi’s failed plan
in Leonardo’s urban planning projects
See also Arno River; floods
Roman Catholic Church
Roman republic
in Discourses
Romulus
as a founder
Roosevelt, Theodore
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
equality for
on Hobbes
interpretation of The Prince
on natural rights
as representative of modern thought
Second Discourse
Social Contract
on the state of nature
Rowdon, Maurice
Rubens, Peter Paul, copy of Battle of Anghiari
Rucellai, Cosimo
Discourses on Titus Livy dedicated to
Savonarola, Girolamo
science
ancient approach to
for Hobbes
and Machiavelli’s thought
modern
assessment of origin of state
benefits of
as controlling nature
relationship to technology, commerce, and politics
research on animal social behavior
research on human nature
relationship to philosophy
relationship to public opinion, education, and politics
science, for Leonardo
as basis for art of painting
contribution and innovations
and technology
science, for Machiavelli
in allegory of fortune as a river
in education for leaders
guidance by political prudence
near silence on issues of
priority of politics over
Scipio
Scott, John T.
sculpture: Leonardo’s innovations
by Michelangelo. See also individual statues by name
scythed chariots
Second Discourse (Rousseau)
self-consciousness
self-help, in stateless societies
self-interest. See also selfishness
selfishness
for Hobbes
for Machiavelli
human constraint on
predisposition to
and problem of cooperation
self-preservation
sexual selection
Sforza, Francesco
statue of
Sforza, Ludovico (il Moro)
Leonardo’s association with
Shakespeare, William
sites, nature of
social behavior, animal. See animal (social) behavior
social behavior, human
compared with animals’
Machiavelli on. See also behavior, human; nonverbal behavior
social contract
Hobbesian
Social Contract, The (Rousseau)
social groups: dominant status in
size. See also society
socialism
social structure, animal
society
for Machiavelli
modern. See also social groups; vulgar, the
sociobiology
criticism of
sociology
Socrates
Soderini, Francesco (bishop of Volterra)
Soderini, Giovan Battista, Machiavelli’s 1506 letter to
Soderini, Piero (Gonfalonier, Florence)
Amerigo Vespucci’s letters to
Battle of Anghiari commissioned by
Machiavelli’s association with
Sophists, Greek
sovereignty: for Hobbes
popular
Soviet Union
Spain: under Franco
in fortune and river analogy
Stalin, Joseph
state(s)
Leonardo on
as necessary evil
theories on origins of. See also centralized government/state; state, the
state, the (lo stato), Machiavellian theory of
assumption of human nature
creation of
not found among animals
origins
stateless societies
statesmanship
status. See also dominance; subordination
storms, descriptions of
Strauss, Leo
Strong, Tracy B.
submarine, Leonardo’s invention
submission, in animal behavior
subordination
synecdoche, use of
taxation
Tebalducci, Antonio, Machiavelli’s 1505 letter to
techne (art; technical reason)
technique, artist’s
technology
contemporary/modern
relationship to science, commerce, and politics
historical development
for Leonardo
contribution and innovations
relationship to science
for Machiavelli
near silence on issues of
television
effects on politics
facial displays on
Tempest, The (Shakespeare)
“Tercets on Fortune” (“On Fortune”) (Machiavelli)
theater: Machiavelli’s use of. See also Mandragola
theology
in Hobbesian political philosophy. See also religion
theoretical wisdom (sophia)
theory, relationship to practice
for Hobbes
for Leonardo
in modern thought
Theseus
as a founder
Third World
Thrasymachus
threat, as social behavior
displays of
as an origin of the state
represented by wolves
role in dominance
Thucydides
toleration, religious
totalitarian regimes
Treatise on Painting (Leonardo)
Proemium
publication. See also individual topics
Tuscany
tyranny
understanding, for Machiavelli
combined with utility
leaders’ need for
unreliability, of humans
urban planning, Leonardo’s projects
utilitarianism
pleasure-pain calculus
utility: combined with understanding
in the economy of power
Valentino, Duke. See also Borgia, Cesare
Valéry, Paul
Valori, Niccolò
Vasari, Giorgio
Verrocchio, Andrea del
Verucca, La (fort)
Vespucci, Agostino
Vespucci, Amerigo
Vettori, Francisco
Machiavelli’s 1513–1514 correspondence with
violence
contemporary
Machiavelli on
in stateless societies
virtue (arete; virtó; virtute): Christian
for pagan philosophers
virtue (arete; virtó; virtute), for Machiavelli
Cesare Borgia praised for
in Mandragola
role in maintaining civic order
and success of leaders
use to resist fortune
visual symbols, in contemporary politics
vulgar, the (the people)
warfare
art of in leaders’ education
as an origin of the state
place in fortune and river analogy. See also military strategy; military technology
water: allegory of history and fortune
Leonardo’s fascination with. See also canals; floods; rivers
Weir, Alison
whirlwind, descriptions of
wisdom. See also practical wisdom; theoretical wisdom
wolves, nature of
woodchucks (marmots)
Xenophon
and scythed chariots
use of dialogue form
Yeltsin, Boris