Autobiography M.K. Gandhi An Autobiography or The Story of My Experiments with Truth
CW Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi; references list volume number followed by page, e.g. CW 80 p. 209
Satyagraha M.K. Gandhi Satyagraha in South Africa
INTRODUCTION
1. Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi (New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, vols 1–100) 1958-97. CW 80 p. 209 c. 30 May 1945
2. Gandhi said of the title often given to him: ‘The word “Mahatma” has been invoked in order to get drunk with it and commit many a wicked crime. That word “Mahatma” stinks in my nostrils and when, in addition, somebody insists that everybody should call me “Mahatma”, I get sick to the saturation point and life becomes unbearable.’ Mahadev Desai Day to Day with Gandhi: Secretary’s Diary vol. 4 1968-9 (Varanasi: Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan) p. 152 31 August 1924. The ‘mahatma’ title is avoided in this biography as a matter of course, along with other honorifics such as pandit, maulana, sardar and so on.
3. Thomas Weber On the Salt March (New Delhi: HarperCollins) 1997 recounts the historiography of the event.
4. CW 90 Foreword
5. M.K. Gandhi An Autobiography or The Story of My Experiments with Truth (London: Penguin) 1982 p. 16.
6. CW 8 8 February 1908
7. Sushila Nayar Mahatma Gandhi vol. 7 Preparing for Swaraj (Ahmedabad: Navajivan) 1996 p. 19
8. CW 21 p. 61 6 October 1921
9. CW 51 p. 343 4 November 1932
10. CW 80 p. 77 6 May 1945
11. Pyarelal, Mahatma Gandhi vol. 9 The Last Phase part 1 (Ahmedabad: Navajivan) 1997 p. 60
12. CW 55 p. 61 29 April 1933
13. CW 70 p. 203 25 September 1939
14. CW 70 p. 181 18 September 1939
15. M.K. Gandhi Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule (Ahmedabad: Navajivan) 1938 p. 53
16. CW 9 p. 446 1 October 1909
17. Autobiography p. 14
18. CW 23 p. 349 3 April 1924
1 CHILDHOOD AND MARRIAGE
1. CW 1 p. 40 4 April 1991
2. Autobiography p. 19
3. Autobiography p. 15
4. V.G. Desai The Diary of Mahadev Desai (Ahmedabad: Navajivan) 1953 vol. 1 p. 51
5. Autobiography p. 20 and passim
6. Pyarelal Mahatma Gandhi vol. 1 The Early Phase (Ahmedabad: Navajivan) 1965 quoting Young India 27 April 1921
7. Pyarelal Early Phase p. 215
8. Autobiography p. 23 and passim
9. Arun Gandhi Daughter of Midnight: The Child Bride of Gandhi (London: Blake) 1998 p. 12
10. Autobiography p. 26; other intimate details of the marriage, passim.
11. Autobiography p. 35
12. CW 72 p. 127 after 3 June 1940
13. Ibid.
14. Autobiography p. 37
15. Autobiography p. 41
16. Pyarelal Early Phase p. 44 and passim
17. CW 1 p. 54 13 June 1891
18. Autobiography p. 51
19. CW 1 p. 57 13 June 1891
20. CW 1 p. 4 (digital version, not in CW first edition) 12 November 1888
21. Autobiography p. 51 and passim
22. CW 1 p. 58 13 June 1891
23. Autobiography p. 53
24. CW 1 p. 59 13 June 1891
25. Autobiography p. 54
26. CW 1 p. 10 (digital version) 4 September 1888
2 LONDON LESSONS
1. Autobiography p. 58
2. Autobiography p. 87
3. Autobiography p. 59
4. James D. Hunt Gandhi in London (New Delhi: Promilla & Co.) 1978 p. 27
5. Pyarelal Early Phase p. 262
6. CW 1 p. 32 28 February 1891
7. Autobiography p. 67
8. Autobiography p. 63
9. Guy A. Aldred ‘Gandhi, Pacifism and India’ in Gandhi Murder Trial: The Word Quarterly spring 1950 p. 6
10. Autobiography p. 63
11. Pyarelal Early Phase p. 252
12. Hunt Gandhi p. 7
13. Pyarelal Mahatma Gandhi vol. 3 The Birth of Satyagraha: From Petitioning to Passive Resistance (Ahmedabad: Navajivan) 1986 p. 114
14. Mahadev Desai Day to Day with Gandhi (Varanasi: Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan) 1968-9 vol. 4 p. 243
15. Munni Rawal Dadabhai Naoroji: A Prophet of Indian Nationalism (New Delhi: Anmol Publications) 1989 p. 13
16. Rawal Prophet p. 14
17. Autobiography p. 69
18. CW 1 p. 29 21 February 1891,
19. A.F. Hills Essays on Vegetarianism (London: Ideal Publishing Union) 1894 p. 247
20. Hills Vegetarianism p. 79
21. Hills Vegetarianism p. 81
22. Autobiography p. 70
23. Autobiography p. 80
24. Autobiography p. 75
25. CW 16 p. 201 1 October 1919
26. Hunt Gandhi p. 34
27. CW 93 p. 228 3 January 1947
28. Autobiography p. 93
29. CW 1 p. 52 13 June 1891
30. CW 1 87 28 April 1894
31. CW 1 p. 64 9 April 1892
3 ADVENTURES IN NATAL
1. Arun Gandhi Daughter of Midnight: The Child Bride of Gandhi (London: Blake)i998 p. 46 and Autobiography p. 92
2. Autobiography p. 95
3. Autobiography p. 98
4. Autobiography p. 101 and passim
5. Pyarelal Early Phase p. 298
6. Autobiography p. 115
7. Autobiography p. 120
8. Autobiography p. 133
9. Pyarelal Early Phase p. 303
10. Autobiography p. 126
11. Autobiography p. 126
12. Autobiography p. 137
13. Maureen Swan Gandhi: The South African Experience (Johannesburg: Raven Press) 1985 p. 49
14. Autobiography p. 138
15. CW 2 p. 74 Address in Bombay 26 September 1896. One month later he used the same notion, referring to ‘the policy of degrading the Indian to the level of a raw kaffir.’ CW 2 p. 100
16. CW 1 p. 202 Petition to Lord Ripon May 1895
17. M.K. Gandhi Satyagraha in South Africa (Ahmedabad: Navajivan) 1950 p. 9
18. Autobiography p. 200
19. Autobiography p. 151
20. Swan Experience p. 47
21. CW 2 p. 317 before 21 May 1897
22. Autobiography p. 153
23. Autobiography p. 159
24. CW 72 p. 127 after 3 June 1940
25. Autobiography p. 157
26. Pyarelal Mahatma Gandhi vol. 2 The Discovery of Satyagraha—On the Threshold (Ahmedabad: Navajivan) 1980 p. 6
27. Gandhi Satyagraha p. 47
28. Autobiography p. 181
29. Swan Experience p. 66
30. Autobiography p. 183
31. Autobiography p. 191
32. Autobiography pp. 255-6
33. Autobiography p. 202
34. CW 1 pp. 165-6 1 February 1895
35. CW 1 p. 139 3 December 1894
36. CW 1 p. 166 1 February 1895
37. CW 1 p. 90 June 1894
38. Autobiography p. 194
39. Vere Stent quoted in Appendix VII of C.F. Andrews Mahatma Gandhi’s Ideas (London: Allen & Unwin) 1931 p. 364
40. Autobiography p. 209
4 CHALLENGE AND CHASTITY
1. M.K. Gandhi, Gokhale, My Political Guru (Ahmedabad: Navajivan) 1955 p.47
2. CW 3 p. 214 27 December 1901
3. Autobiography p. 222
4. Autobiography p. 226
5. Autobiography p. 232
6. The eventual solution was a clumsy arrangement whereby South Africa became a dominion of the British Empire but each of the four colonies retained its own capital, legislature and administrators.
7. Gandhi Satyagraha p. 78
8. Autobiography p. 245
9. CW 6 p. 430 c.20 April 1907. In fact he says: ‘My family comprises all living beings.’
10. Pyarelal Mahatma Gandhi vol. 3 The Birth of Satyagraha: From Petitioning to Passive Resistance (Ahmedabad: Navajivan) 1986 p. 370
11. CW 5 p. 334 27 May 1906
12. Pyarelal Birth p. 358
13. Pyarelal Birth p. 26
14. Pyarelal Birth p. 439
15. CW 6 p. 308 Indian Opinion 2 February 1907
16. CW 6 p. 270 5 January 1907
17. Autobiography p. 85
18. Swan Experience p. 112
19. CW 3 p. 453 24 September 1903
20. Autobiography p. 274
21. Pyarelal Birth p. 435
22. CW 96 p. 32 14 November 1909
23. Autobiography p. 289
24. Gandhi Satyagraha p. 91 and Autobiography p. 289
25. Desai Day to Day vol. 4 p. 249
26. CW 7 p. 457. Indian Opinion 28 December 1907
27. Autobiography p. 197
28. Autobiography p. 299
29. Autobiography p. 23
30. CW 6 p. 34 27 October 1906
31. Pyarelal Mahatma Gandhi vol. 1 The Early Phase (Ahmedabad: Navajivan) 1965 p. 550
32. CW 9 p. 230 29 May 1909
33. CW 96 p. 13 3 July 1909
5 THE ARMY OF THE POOR
1. Louis Fischer The Life of Mahatma Gandhi (London: Jonathan Cape) 1951 p.
2. Lionel Curtis Civitas Dei (London: Macmillan) 1934-7 vol. 1 p. 164
3. J.C. Smuts Jan Christian Smuts (London: Cassell) 1952 p. 106
4. CW 5 p. 417 9 September 1906
5. CW 5 p. 441 22 September 1906
6. Gandhi Satyagraha p. 97
7. CW 7 p. 72 6 July 1907
8. CW 4 p. 105 14 January 1904
9. Gandhi Satyagraha p. 101
10. Sushila Nayar Mahatma Gandhi vol. 4: Satyagraha at Work (Ahmedabad: Navajivan) 1989 p. 122
11. CW 96 pp. 9, 25 21 June 1909 and 30 August 1909
12. Nayar Satyagraha at Work p. 463
13. CW 96 pp. 25, 26 30 August 1909 and 10 September 1909
14. Gandhi Satyagraha p. 165
15. CW 8 p. 24 note to 10 January 1908
16. CW 84 p. 295 6 June 1946
17. George Paxton Sonja Schlesin: Gandhi’s South African Secretary (Glasgow: Pax Books) 2006 p. 10. Schlesin’s speech was in fact read by Gandhi.
18. CW 6 p. 30 26 October 1906
19. CW 6 p. 336 23 February 1907
20. CW 7 p. 230 14 September 1907
21. CW 8 pp. 3-4 4 January 1908
22. CW 8 p. 99 22 February 1908
23. Gandhi Satyagraha p. 141
24. Reproduced in CW 7 opposite p. 441
25. CW 7 p. 443 21 December 1907
26. Swan Experience p. 162
27. Sarah Gertrude Millin General Smuts vol. 1 (London: Faber & Faber) 1936 p. 238
28. Gandhi Satyagraha p. 147
29. Ibid.
30. Gandhi Satyagraha p. 157
31. CW 9 p. 149 16 January 1909
32. CW 8 p. 120 7 March 1908
33. CW 8 p. 135 7 March 1908
34. CW 9 p. 161 23 January 1909
35. Arun Gandhi Daughter of Midnight: The Child Bride of Gandhi (London: Blake) 1998 p. 158
36. CW 10 p. 447 letter to Maganlal 9 March 1911
37. CW 96 pp. 182-3 to Kallenbach 12 April 1914
38. Gandhi Satyagraha p. 214
39. Henri Troyat Tolstoy (London: Penguin) 1970 p. 874. Gandhi had a long letter from Tolstoy printed and distributed as ‘Letter to a Hindu’; it criticised Indians for their compliance in accepting British rule.
40. Gandhi Satyagraha p. 222
41. Gandhi Satyagraha p. 217
42. CW 10 p. 282 2 July 1910
43. Autobiography p. 309
44. Narendra Singh Sarila Once a Prince of Sarila (London: LB. Tauris) 2008 p. 30; Gandhi Satyagraha p. 242
45. Gandhi Satyagraha p. 223
46. CW 9 p. 495 22 October 1909
47. CW 12 p. 190 18 September 1913
48. CW 10 p. 429 5 March 1911
49. Arun Gandhi Daughter of Midnight p. 175
50. CW 11 p. 78 18 May 1911
51. Sushila Nayar Mahatma Gandhi vol. 5 India Awakened (Ahmedabad: Nava-jivan) 1994 p. 243
52. Autobiography p. 313. Recalling the fasts thirty years later, he wrote: ‘Manilal was guilty of a grave error, for which I fasted for seven days and missed a meal every day for a year. I fasted for fourteen days on account of Jeki.’ CW 72 p. 143 c.6 June 1940
53. Nayar Satyagraha at Work p. 599
54. CW 12 p. 410 22 April 1914
55. CW 96 p. 189 13 May 1914
56. Kathryn Tidrick Gandhi: A Political and Spiritual Life (London: LB. Tauris) 2006 p. 97
57. CW 6 p. 431 c.20 April 1907
58. Yogesh Chadha Rediscovering Gandhi (London: Century) 1997 p. 145
59. Arun Gandhi Daughter of Midnight p. 167
60. Gandhi Satyagraha p. 227
61. Arun Gandhi Daughter of Midnight p. 176
62. Gandhi Satyagraha p. 244
63. Gandhi Satyagraha p. 257
64. Gandhi Satyagraha p. 259
65. CW 96 p. 150 23 October 1913
66. Chadha Rediscovering p. 183
67. Gandhi Satyagraha p. 271
68. C.F. Andrews Mahatma Gandhi’s Ideas (London: Allen & Unwin) 1931 p. 194
69. Chadha Rediscovering p. 191
6 VILLAGE ACTIVIST
1. Gandhi Hind Swaraj p. ix
2. Chadha Rediscovering p. 146
3. CW 9 p. 508 30 October 1909
4. CW 10 p. 245 11 December 1909
5. Erik H. Erikson Gandhi’s Truth: On the Origins of Militant Nonviolence (London: Faber & Faber) 1970 p. 217
6. Gandhi, Hind Swaraj p. ix
7. Gandhi Hind Swaraj p. xii
8. Gandhi Hind Swaraj pp. xii, 183
9. Gandhi Hind Swaraj p. 59
10. Gandhi Hind Swaraj p. 88
11. Nayar Satyagraha at Work p. 497
12. Gandhi Hind Swaraj pp. 131,142 & 143
13. CW 37 p. 380 21 October 1928
14. CW 43 p. 40 on or before 11 March 1930
15. Shyamji Krishnavarma Indian Sociologist October 1913 p. 3
16. Sushila Nayar Mahatma Gandhi vol. 6 Salt Satyagraha: The Watershed (Ahmedabad: Navajivan) 1995 p. 402
17. CW 10 p. 245 7 May 1910
18. Sushila Nayar Mahatma Gandhi vol. 5 India Awakened (Ahmedabad: Navajivan) 1994 p. 7
19. CW 12 p. 524 8 August 1914
20. CW 12 p. 39 19 April 1913
21. Stanley Wolpert Jinnah of Pakistan (New Delhi: OUP) 2005 p. 37
22. Ved Mehta Mahatma Gandhi and His Apostles (London: Penguin) 1977 p. 211
23. Autobiography p. 340
24. Gandhi Hind Swaraj p. v
25. CW 96 p. 203 2 March 1915
26. CW 12 p. 410 22 April 1914
27. Autobiography p. 352
28. Autobiography p. 353
29. CW 13 p. 54 22 April 1915
30. CW 13 p. 38 after 14 March 1915
31. Autobiography p. 358
32. C.F. Andrews Mahatma Gandhi’s Ideas (London: Allen & Unwin) 1931 pp. 101,105. Gandhi’s response is from the more refined version: CW 13 p. 229 ‘Speech on Ashram Vows.’
33. CW 12 pp. 46, 50, 51 26 April 1913
34. ‘Celibacy undermines coupling when presented as a higher state than sexual intimacy. This, in effect, gets people in couples to surrender to the guru rather than to each other. Gurus can exercise control over their followers in the most basic areas by decreeing whether coupling is allowed, who marries whom, how often and in what circumstances sex is permitted, whether couples can cohabit, and even whether they reproduce and how to raise the children.’ Joel Kramer and Diana Alstad The Guru Papers: Masks of Authoritarian Power (Berkeley: Frog Ltd) 1993 p. 92
35. Pyarelal Early Phase p. 15
36. CW 13 p. 232 ‘Speech on Ashram Vows’ 16 February 1916
37. Autobiography p. 359
38. CW 13 p. 127 3 September 1915
39. CW 50 p. 222 11 July 1932
40. Erikson Gandhi’s Truth p. 311
41. CW 96 p. 237 24 June 1916
42. Arun Gandhi Daughter of Midnight p. 212
43. CW 96 p. 240 10 September 1916
44. Nathuram Godse Why I Assassinated Mahatma Gandhi (New Delhi: Surya Bharti Parkashan) 1993 p. 63
45. CW 13 p. 214 6 February 1916
46. Raojibhai Patel Hind Ke Sardar (Ahmedabad: Navajivan) 1972 p. 33
47. Nayar India Awakened p. 147. It is said that Tagore was the first to use the term; it doubtless occurred to many people at the same time.
48. Autobiography p. 373
49. Erikson Gandhi’s Truth p. 299 from his interview with Ambalal Sarabhai
50. CW 14 p. 256 15 March 1918
51. CW 14 p. 263 17 March 1918
52. Erikson Gandhi’s Truth p. 352
53. Erikson Gandhi’s Truth p. 356
54. Anthony Read and David Fisher The Proudest Day: India’s Long Road to Independence (London: Jonathan Cape) 1997 p. 134
55. Rajmohan Gandhi Gandhi: The Man, His People and the Empire (London: Haus) 2007 p. 194
56. Autobiography p. 403
57. CW 14 p. 438 21 June 1918
58. CW 14 p. 440 22 June 1918
59. CW 13 p. 483 14 July 1918
60. CW 14 p. 171 24 January 1918
61. Autobiography p. 405
62. Nayar India Awakened p. 235
63. CW 15 p. 70 10 January 1919
64. CW 15 p. 65 26 November 1918
7 AROUSING INDIA
1. CW 15 p. 87 9 February 1919
2. Autobiography p. 413
3. Nayar India Awakened p. 262
4. CW 15 p. 195 7 April 1919
5. Autobiography p. 425
6. Jawaharlal Nehru An Autobiography (London: Bodley Head) 1953 p. 35
7. fad Adams and Phillip Whitehead The Dynasty: The Nehru-Gandhi Story (London: Penguin) 1997 p. 55
8. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit The Scope of Happiness (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson) 1979 p. 63
9. Pandit Happiness p. 73
10. Nehru Autobiography pp. 45, 46
11. Nehru Autobiography p. 54
12. CW 31 p. 369 8 September 1926
13. CW 96 p. 274 17 June 1920
14. Desai Day to Day vol. 2 1968 p. 154
15. Desai, Day to Day vol. 2 p. 163
16. C.F. Andrews Mahatma Gandhi’s Ideas (London: Allen & Unwin) 1931 p. 360
17. CW 18 p. 104 1 August 1920
18. CW 19 p. 30 26 November 1920
19. Stanley Wolpert Jinnah of Pakistan (New Delhi: OUP) 2005 p. 70
20. Rabindranath Tagore “The Cult of the Chakra’ Modern Review September 1925
21. CW 18 p. 130 10 August 1920
22. CW 16 p. 497 23 January 1920
23. CW 17 p. 375 2 May 1920
24. CW 17 p. 366 1 May 1920
25. Margaret Sanger ‘A Summit Meeting on Birth Control’ in Norman Cousins (ed.) Profiles of Gandhi: America Remembers a World Leader (New Delhi: Indian Book Company) 1969 p. 39
26. CW 19 p. 138 17 December 1920
27. Millie Polak in Chandrashanker Shukla (ed.) Gandhiji As We Know Him (Bombay: Vora & Co.) 1945 p. 47
28. Pyarelal, Mahatma Gandhi vol. 1 The Early Phase (Ahmedabad: Navajivan) 1965 p. 8
29. Pyarelal, Early Phase p. 7
30. Pyarelal, Early Phase p. 10
31. Pyarelal, Early Phase p. 12
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. Hugh Tinker Viceroy: Curzon to Mountbatten (Karachi: OUP) 1997 p. 94
35. Nayar India Awakened p. 354
36. CW 20 pp. 381-2 17 July 1921
37. Nayar India Awakened p. 355
38. CW 47 p. 307 18 August 1931
39. CW 21 p. 183 22 September 1921
40. CW 18 p. 235 8 September 1920
41. B.R. Nanda Mahatma Gandhi: A Biography (New Delhi: OUP) 1996 p. 234
42. CW 22 p. vii 8 February 1922
43. Nehru Autobiography pp. 81-2
44. Nehru Autobiography p. 85
45. CW 23 pp. 118-19 18 March 1922
8 THE SALT MARCH
1. Sushila Nayar Mahatma Gandhi vol. 5 India Awakened (Ahmedabad: Nava-jivan) 1994 p. 411
2. CW 23 p. 93 13 March 1922
3. Nayar Salt Satyagraha p. 413
4. CW 25 p. 200 22 September 1924
5. CW 35 p. 229 3 April 1926
6. CW 33 p. 55 8 February 1927
7. CW 13 p. 277 5 June 1916
8. CW 13 p. 301 before October 1916
9. CW 21 p. 188 23 September 1921
10. Mehta Mahatma Gandhi p. 48
11. Mehta Mahatma Gandhi p. 51
12. Romain Rolland Mahatma Gandhi (New York: Century Co.) 1924 p. 3
13. Rolland Mahatma Gandhi p. 239
14. M.K. Gandhi Bapu’s Letters to Mira (Ahmedabad: Navajivan) 1949 p. 5
15. CW 29 p. 298 4 December 1925
16. CW 41 p. 78 24 June 1929
17. CW 47 p. 49 24 June 1931
18. CW 49 p. 157 25 February 1932
19. Sushila Nayar Mahatma Gandhi vol. 5 India Awakened (Ahmedabad: Navajivan) 1994 p. 243
20. Mehta Mahatma Gandhi p. 7
21. Mehta Mahatma Gandhi p. 213. There were not so many European girls close to Gandhi in South Africa; there has to be a suspicion that this was Sonja Schlesin.
22. Mehta Mahatma Gandhi p. 50
23. CW 36 p. 261 26 April 1928
24. CW 40 p. 210 8 April 1929
25. Nayar Salt Satyagraha p. 201
26. CW 26 p. 244 7 March 1925
27. Mehta Mahatma Gandhi p. 216
28. Adams and Whitehead Dynasty p. 79
29. Tinker Viceroy p. 116
30. CW 1 p. 25 7 February 1891
31. CW 11 p. 169 22 October 1911
32. CW 43 p. 5 2 March 1930
33. Ibid.
34. Nayar Salt Satyagraha p. 236
35. Thomas Weber On the Salt March: The Historiography of Gandhi’s March to Dandi (New Delhi: HarperCollins) 1997 p. 224
36. Nayar Salt Satyagraha p. 257
37. CW 43 p. 420 25 May 1930
38. Chadha Rediscovering p. 296
39. Chadha Rediscovering p. 297
40. CW 51 p. 71 26 January 1931
41. Adams and Whitehead Dynasty p. 89
42. Martin Gilbert Winston S. Churchill vol. 5 1922-1939 (London: Heinemann) 1976 p. 390
43. Gilbert Churchill pp. 356-7
44. Earl Birkenhead Halifax (London: Hamish Hamilton) 1965 p. 299
45. Birkenhead Halifax p. 299
46. Andrew Roberts The Holy Fox: A Life of Lord Halifax (London: Papermac) 1991 p. 39
47. Tinker Viceroy p. 122
48. Nehru Autobiography p. 258
9 WORLD ICON
1. CW 47 p. 384 29 August 1931
2. CW 47 p. 133 before 15 July 1931
3. John Haynes Holmes in Chandrashanker Shukla (ed.) Gandhiji As We Know Him (Bombay: Vora & Co.) 1945 p. 99
4. CW 47 pp. 119-20 9 July 1931
5. Muriel Lester Entertaining Gandhi (London: Ivor Nicholson & Watson) 1932 p. 241
6. James D. Hunt Gandhi in London (New Delhi Promilla & Co.) 1978 p. 200
7. Lester Entertaining p. 69
8. Hunt Gandhi p. 213
9. The Times obituary 31 January 1948 p. 6
10. CW 48 pp. 272-3 6 November 1931
11. CW 48 pp. 297-8 13 November 1931
12. Louis Fischer The Life of Mahatma Gandhi (London: Jonathan Cape) 1951 p. 319
13. Tinker Viceroy p. 130
14. V.G. Desai The Diary of Mahadev Desai vol. 1 (Ahmedabad: Navajivan) 1953 p. 130
15. CW 50 p. 383 18 August 1932
16. B.R. Ambedkar What Congress and Gandhi Have Done to the Untouchables (Bombay: Thacker & Co.) 1945 p. 85
17. Nehru Autobiography p. 370
18. Ambedkar Untouchables p. 313
19. CW 50 p. 102 20 September 1932
20. Pyarelal The Epic Fast (Ahmedabad: Mohanlal Maganlal Bhatt) 1932 p. 49
21. Ambedkar Untouchables p. 88
22. Ambedkar Untouchables p. 260
23. CW 52 p. 312 31 December 1932
24. CW 53 p. 3 11 January 1933
25. CW 62 p. 121 16 November 1935
26. Sushila Nayar Mahatma Gandhi vol. 7 Preparing for Swaraj (Ahmedabad: Navajivan) 1996 p. 5
27. Mehta Mahatma Gandhi p. 7
28. Mehta Mahatma Gandhi p. 11
29. CW 61 p. 36 21 September 1935
30. Mehta Mahatma Gandhi p. 13
31. Mehta Mahatma Gandhi p. 203
32. Mehta Mahatma Gandhi p. 200
33. Mehta Mahatma Gandhi p. 14
34. CW 13 p. 301 before October 1916
35. Desai in Shukla (ed.) Gandhiji p. 123
36. Margaret Sanger An Autobiography (London: Victor Gollancz) 1939 p. 458
37. Mehta Mahatma Gandhi p. 54
38. Nehru Autobiography p. 513
39. CW 62 p. 159 3/4 December 1935
40. Sanger Autobiography p. 460
41. CW 62 p. 212 29 February 1936
42. CW 62 p. 372 6 May 1936
43. CW 62 pp. 428-9 21 May 1936
44. CW 59 p. 111 3 October 1934
45. CW 61 p. 37 5 May 1935
46. CW 63 p. 7 6 June 1936
47. CW 64 p. 253 16 January 1937
48. CW 64 p. 37 13/14 November 1936
49. CW 57 p. 44 24 January 1934
50. CW 57 p. 51 26 January 1934
51. CW 57 p. 87 2 February 1934
52. CW 57 p. 392 15 April 1934
53. CW 59 p. 4 17 September 1934
54. CW 59 pp. 214, 218 23 October 1934
55. CW 65 p. 231 22 May 1937
10 QUIT INDIA
1. CW 68 pp. 203-4 12 December 1938
2. CW 68 pp. 137-8 20 November 1938
3. CW 68 pp. 138-9 20 November 1938
4. CW 72 p. 70 15 May 1940 ‘He [Hitler] has no vices. He has not married. His character is said to be clean.’ CW 75 p. 177 17 December 1941
5. CW 73 p. 255 24 December 1940
6. CW 76 p. 187 6 June 1942
7. CW 73 p. 254 24 December 1940
8. Earl Avon of The Eden Memoirs: Facing the Dictators (London: Cassell) 1962 p. 516
9. CW 66 p. 436 27 March 1938
10. CW 66 p. 82 28 August 1937
11. Jinnah’s speech at Lucknow 15 October 1937 reprinted in CW 66 p. 468
12. CW 70 p. 288 22 October 1939
13. CW 67 p. 61 3 May 1938
14. CW 67 p. 117 11 June 1938. Prabhavati was the wife of Jayaprakash Narayan, a socialist member of Congress. After Prabhavati came under the influence of Gandhi, she imposed celibacy on their marriage.
15. CW 67 p. 37 22 April 1938
16. Stanley Wolpert Jinnah of Pakistan (New Delhi: OUP) 2005 p. 166
17. CW 67 p. 117 11 June 1938
18. CW 67 p. 60 3 May 1938
19. CW 67 p. 104 2 June 1938
20. CW 67 p. 118 11 June 1938
21. CW 93 p. 175 after 2 June 1938
22. CW 93 p. 204 12 September 1938
23. CW 67 pp. 194-8 23 July 1938
24. CW 93 p. 237 3 February 1939
25. Mehta Mahatma Gandhi p. 203
26. CW 70 p. 175 15 September 1939
27. CW 70 p. 411 14 September 1939
28. Wolpert Jinnah p. 175
29. Wolpert Jinnah p. 176
30. Read and Fisher Proudest Day p. 295
31. Wolpert Jinnah p. 181
32. CW 71 p. 412 9 April 1940
33. CW 72 pp. 229-30 6 July 1940
34. CW 72 p. 232 10 July 1940
35. CW 69 p. 390 4 July 1939
36. Peter Clarke The Cripps Version: The Life of Sir Stafford Cripps (London: Allen Lane) 2002 p. 305; Nicholas Mansergh The Transfer of Power vol. 1 (London: HMSO) 1970 p. 498 27 March 1942
37. Kenneth Harris Attlee (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson) 1982 p. 203
38. CW 76 p. 67 26 April 1942
39. CW 76 p. 106 14 May 1942
40. CW 76 p. 186 6 June 1942
41. CW 76 p. 334 26 July 1942
42. Clarke Cripps Version p. 306
43. CW 76 p. 197 14 June 1942
44. CW 76 p. 105 14 May 1942
45. CW 75 p. 205 8 January 1942
46. CW 75 p. 64 before 24 April 1942
47. CW 76 p. 392 8 August 1942
48. Chadha Rediscovering p. 383
49. Sushila Nayar Kasturba: Wife of Gandhi (Wallingford, Pennsylvania: Pendle Hill) 1948 p. 36
50. Nayar Kasturba p. 43
51. Chadha Rediscovering p. 391
52. Nayar Kasturba p. 44
53. Nayar Kasturba p. 70
54. Read and Fisher Proudest Day p. 346
55. CW 79 p. 84 1 February 1945
56. Read and Fisher Proudest Day p. 346
57. Arun Gandhi Daughter of Midnight p. 265
58. Ibid.
59. Nayar Kasturba p. 40
11 PARTITION AND DEATH
1. Victoria Schofield Wavell: Soldier and Statesman (London: John Murray) 2006 p. 316
2. Wolpert Jinnah p. 230
3. CW 76 p. 120 18 May 1942
4. Nicholas Mansergh The Transfer of Power 1942-7 vol. 4 (London: HMSO) 1973 p. 1123
5. CW 78 pp. 87-8 9 September 1944
6. Schofield Wavell p. 91
7. Schofield Wavell p. 321
8. Hector Bolitho Jinnah: Creator of Pakistan (Lahore: OUP) 1969 p. 152
9. CW 80 p. 367 25 June 1945
10. Archibald Wavell The Viceroy’s Journal ed. Penderel Moon (London: OUP) 1973 p. 147
11. CW 81 p. 310 3 October 1945
12. Pyarelal Mahatma Gandhi vol. 9 The Last Phase part 1 (Ahmedabad: Navajivan) 1997 p. 138
13. CW 81 p. 420 26 October 1945
14. CW 87 p. 70 11 March 1947
15. CW 79 p. 193 1 March 1945
16. CW 79 p. 192 1 March 1945
17. CW 67 p. 81 14 May 1938; CW 70 p. 220 30 September 1939
18. CW 79 p. 212 6 March 1945
19. CW 79 p. 222 7 March 1945
20. Arun Gandhi Daughter of Midnight p. 305
21. Fischer Life pp. 230-1
22. CW 83 p. 276 17 March 1946
23. Wavell Viceroy Journal p. 236
24. Viceroy Journal p. 314
25. Viceroy Journal p. 260
26. Read and Fisher Proudest Day p. 388
27. Pyarelal Last Phase part 1 p. 228
28. Wolpert Jinnah p. 282
29. Nehru had said they would go into the assembly ‘completely unfettered by agreements and free to meet all situations as they arise.’ CW 85 p. 5 17 July 1946
30. Wavell Viceroy Journal p. 341. Another version went: ‘Gandhi said that if a blood-bath was necessary, it would come about in spite of non-violence.’ Nicholas Mansergh The Transfer of Power 1942-7 vol. 8 1979 p. 313
31. Pyarelal Last Phase part 1 p. 201
32. Alex von Tunzelmann Indian Summer. The Secret History of the End of an Empire (London: Simon & Schuster) 2007 p. 142
33. CW 74 pp. 14-15 25 April 1941
34. CW 75 p. 349 before 9 December 1941
35. CW 74 p. 132 30 June 1941 and p. 113 15 June 1941
36. Pyarelal Last Phase part 1 p. 6
37. Chadha Rediscovering p. 419
38. CW 86 pp. 451-2 6 November 1946
39. CW 92 pp. 345-6 18 October 1946
40. Mehta Mahatma Gandhi p. 187
41. Ibid.
42. Pyarelal Last Phase part 1 p. 575
43. CW 92 p. 310 11 October 1946
44. N.K. Bose My Days with Gandhi (Calcutta: Nishana) 1953 p. 117
45. Mehta Mahatma Gandhi p. 203
46. CW 94 p. 333 30 December 1946
47. CW 87 p. 108. To Rajkumari Amrit Kaur 18 March 1947
48. Pyarelal Last Phase part 1 p. 600
49. Pyarelal Mahatma Gandhi vol. 10 The Last Phase part 2 pp. 215-16
50. Pyarelal Last Phase part 2 p. 219
51. Erikson Gandhi’s Truth p. 404
52. CW 86 p. 415 1 February 1947
53. CW 86 p. 453 10 February 1947
54. CW 86 p. 302 2 January 1947.
55. Bose My Days p. 160
56. Girja Kumar Brahmacharya: Gandhi and his Women Associates (New Delhi: Vitasta Publishing) 2006 pp. 223-4
57. CW 94 pp. 334, 335, 337 30 December 1946 and 6 January 1947
58. Wavell Viceroy Journal p. 428
59. CW 87 p. 126 20 March 1947
60. CW 87 p. 118 19 March 1947
61. Alan Campbell-Johnson Mission with Mountbatten (London: Hamish Hamilton) 1985 p. 52
62. CW 88 p. 13 26 May 1947
63. Campbell-Johnson Mountbatten p. 110
64. Pyarelal Last Phase part 2 p. 210
65. CW 89 p. 116 Mountbatten to Gandhi 26 August 1947
66. CW 87 p. 384 29 April 1947
67. Mehta Mahatma Gandhi p. 201
68. Manu Gandhi The End of an Epoch (Ahmedabad: Navajivan) 1962 p. 15
69. Adams and Whitehead Dynasty p. 129
70. CW 89 p. 232 24 September 1947
71. Manu Gandhi, Epoch p. 16
72. CW 89 p. 126 1 September 1947
73. CW 89 p. 134 2 September 1947
74. CW 90 p. 61 18 November 1947
75. Adams and Whitehead Dynasty p. 132
76. Nayar Preparing for Swaraj p. 201
77. Manu Gandhi Epoch p. 29
78. Pyarelal Last Phase part 2 p. 861. Pyarelal believes the last words were not ‘Hey Rama’ but ‘Rama Rama.’
79. Manu Gandhi Epoch p. 43
80. CW 87 p. 408 4 May 1947
81. CW 87 p. 462 13 May 1947
82. Pyarelal Last Phase part 2 p. 775
83. Jawaharlal Nehru Speeches vol. 1 September 1946-May 1949 (Delhi: Publications Division, Government of India) 1949 p. 42
84. CW 86 p. 335 10 January 1947
85. Manu Gandhi Last Glimpses of Bapu (Delhi: Shiva Lal Agarwala & Co.) 1962 p. 334
86. Sarvepalli Gopal Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography vol. 2 1947-1956 (London: Jonathan Cape) 1979 p. 25
12 LEGACY
1. Nathuram Godse Why I Assassinated Mahatma Gandhi (New Delhi: Surya Bharti Parkashan) 1993 p. 26
2. Godse Assassinated pp. 39-40
3. Godse Assassinated pp. 49-50
4. CW 89 p. 16 7 August 1947
5. Rajmohan Gandhi The Man p. 286
6. CW 77 p. 351 4-6 July 1944
7. Martin Luther King Jr ‘Pilgrimage to Nonviolence’ in Norman Cousins (ed.) Profiles of Gandhi: America Remembers a World Leader (New Delhi: Indian Book Company) 1969 p. 206
8. King ‘Pilgrimage’ in Cousins (ed.) Profiles p. 209
9. Nelson Mandela ‘The Sacred Warrior’ Time 3 January 2000
10. CW 90 p. 511 27-28 January 1948
11. CW 90 p. 522 29 January 1948
12. CW 74 p. 13 25 April 1941
13. Mountbatten, Lord Mountbatten’s Report on the Last Viceroyalty (New Delhi: Manohar) 2003 p. 227 Knowledge of Gandhi’s antics stimulated much contemporary ribaldry, such as ‘He wore a dirty dhoti and he slept between two maids’; reference to Gandhi’s ‘virgin sandwich’ can be found on the internet.
14. Pyarelal Last Phase part 1 p. xxiii. Pyarelal remarked of his chapter on brahmacharya: ‘The key importance of this chapter for a full understanding of Gandhiji’s philosophy of life cannot be overstated.’ Last Phase part 1 p. ix
15. CW 30 p. 16 14 February 1926
16. CW 48 p. 403 8 December 1931
17. Campbell-Johnson Mountbatten p. 145, and widely reported elsewhere.
18. CW 80 p. 222 31 May 1945
19. CW 87 24 February 1947