CHAPTER 10: THE TENTH OF DECEMBER
1. Ruth Cowan, “Roosevelt Shows Little Effect of Strain in Directing War,” Evening Star, December 10, 1941, A3.
2. Ruth Cowan, “Roosevelt Shows Little Effect of Strain in Directing War,” Evening Star, December 10, 1941, A3.
3. David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988), 105.
4. Ruth Cowan, “Roosevelt Shows Little Effect of Strain in Directing War,” Evening Star, December 10, 1941, A3.
5. David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988), 252.
6. Evening Star, “President Defines Duties and Curbs on Resident Aliens,” December 9, 1941, 2X.
7. Evening Star, “President Defines Duties and Curbs on Resident Aliens,” December 9, 1941, 2X.
8. Baltimore Sun, “Full Navy Department Shakeup Demanded as Result of Hawaii Defeat,” December 10, 1941, 2.
9. J. Edgar Hoover, “J. Edgar Hoover to Edwin M. Watson,” December 10, 1941, Federal Bureau of Investigation, President’s Official File 10-B: Justice Department; FBI Reports, 1941; Box 15, Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, Hyde Park, NY, 1.
10. Henry N. Dorris, “Senate, House Groups Vote Bills to Keep All in Service During War,” New York Times, December 10, 1941, 1.
11. Evening Star, “U.S. Control of All Radio Authorized,” December 10, 1941, A-1.
12. Frank L. Kluckhohn, “Army, Navy Get Control of Radio,” New York Times, December 11, 1941, 3.
13. Evening Star, “Gen. Pershing, 81, Offers Services to President,” December 10, 1941, A1.
14. Associated Press, “President’s Power Greatly Enlarged,” New York Times, December 9, 1941, 7.
15. Associated Press, “President’s Power Greatly Enlarged,” New York Times, December 9, 1941, 7.
16. Associated Press, “President’s Power Greatly Enlarged,” New York Times, December 9, 1941, 7.
17. John C. Henry, “Roosevelt Summons State and Military Leaders to Parley,” Evening Star, December 10, 1941, A1.
18. John C. Henry, “Roosevelt Summons State and Military Leaders to Parley,” Evening Star, December 10, 1941, A1.
19. Associated Press, “Real Teeth in Price-Control Bill Urged,” Boston Daily Globe, December 10, 1941, 19.
20. Birmingham (AL) News, “Strict Censorship Is on But Feverish Activity Is Apparent,” December 9, 1941, 14.
21. Associated Press, “Alien Enemies in U.S. Under Rigid Rules,” Boston Daily Globe, December 10, 1941, 19.
22. Lawrence E. Davies, “Carrier Is Hunted off San Francisco,” New York Times, December 10, 1941, 20.
23. Associated Press, “Hawaii Calm Since Blitzkrieg, Governor Says; Food Control Planned to Conserve Supplies,” New York Times, December 9, 1941, 13.
24. Associated Press, “Seek Exchange of American for Japanese,” Boston Evening Globe, December 9, 1941, 3.
25. United Press, “Japan to Protect Enemy Nationals,” New York Times, December 9, 1941, 15.
26. Associated Press, “Americans, Britons Rounded Up,” New York Times, December 9, 1941, 15.
27. Associated Press, “U.S. Warships in Battle off Manila, Berlin Says,” Baltimore Sun, December 10, 1941, 1.
28. Associated Press, “Superior Knowledge of Languages Seen as Aid to Japan,” Evening Star, December 10, 1941, A15.
29. C.P. Trussell, “Navy Criticized as Caught Asleep,” New York Times, December, 10, 1941, 1.
30. C.P. Trussell, “Navy Criticized as Caught Asleep,” New York Times, December, 10, 1941, 1.
31. Associated Press, “Wheeler Calls for Support of Roosevelt,” Boston Daily Globe, December 8, 1941, 11.
32. Winston S. Churchill, The Grand Alliance (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1950), 652–655.
33. Walter Robb, “Clique Pushed Japan Into War, Says Writer,” Los Angeles Times, December 8, 1941, 4.
34. Glenn Babb, “Japanese Run True to Form—Striking at U.S. Without Warning,” Birmingham News, December 9, 1941, 13.
35. Glenn Babb, “Japanese Run True to Form—Striking at U.S. Without Warning,” Birmingham News, December 9, 1941, 13.
36. Boston Daily Globe, “Madness Infects Japanese, President of Tufts Asserts,” December 9, 1941, 7.
37. Christian Science Monitor, “U.S. Navy Suffers a ‘Scapa Flow’; Allies Quick to Declare War on Japan,” December 11, 1941, C1.
38. Carroll Kilpatrick, “Army Does Not Plan Expeditionary Force Against Japs at Once,” Birmingham News, December 9, 1941, 14.
39. Carroll Kilpatrick, “Army Does Not Plan Expeditionary Force Against Japs at Once,” Birmingham News, December 9, 1941, 14.
40. Helen Lombard, “Admiral Leahy’s Warning on Japan Recalled, Wanted to ‘Clean Up’ After Panay Was Sunk,” Washington Evening Star, A5.
41. David Lawrence, “U.S. Learns, Lesson in Attack,” Evening Star, December 9, 1941, A11.
42. Jay G. Hayden, “U.S. Navy Caught off Guard,” Evening Star, December 9, 1941, A11.
43. Associated Press, “Preparedness of Defenses Is Questioned: Capital Hears Queries About Functions of Hawaii Off-Shore Patrol,” Baltimore Sun, December 9, 1941, 1.
44. Baltimore Sun, “Full Navy Department Shakedown Demanded as Result of Hawaii Defeat,” December 10, 1941, 2.
45. Baltimore Sun, “Full Navy Department Shakedown Demanded as Result of Hawaii Defeat,” December 10, 1941, 2.
46. Baltimore Sun, “Full Navy Department Shakedown Demanded as Result of Hawaii Defeat,” December 10, 1941, 2.
47. Jack Bell, “Hitler Promised to Aid Japs, Says Senator Gillette,” Evening Independent, December 9, 1941, 1.
48. Husband E. Kimmel, “Admiral Kimmel’s Story,” (Chicago, IL, Henry Regnery Company, 1955) 32.
49. Husband E. Kimmel, “Admiral Kimmel’s Story,” (Chicago, IL, Henry Regnery Company, 1955) 2.
50. Washington Post, “Strategy at Hawaii,” December 8, 1941, 12.
51. New York Times, “The Rendezvous with Destiny,” December 12, 1941, C24.
52. New York Times, “Drastic Control Marks War News,” December 9, 1941, 7.
53. Associated Press, “Raid Manila; Seize Guam Call Hawaii Loss ‘Disaster’,” Chicago Daily Tribune, December 9, 1941, 1.
54. Associated Press, “60 Years Later, Pearl Harbor Pilots Recall Attack,” Mount Airy News, December 6, 2001, 8A.
55. Washington Post, “Strategy at Hawaii,” December 8, 1941, 12.
56. Washington Post, “Strategy at Hawaii,” December 8, 1941, 12.
57. Associated Press, “Reports Plane Mother Ship Sunk,” December 9, 1941, 13.
58. New York Times, “Large U.S. Losses Claimed By Japan,” December 9, 1941, 1.
59. Winston Churchill, “The Grand Alliance.” (New York, NY, Rosetta Books, 1948), 551.
60. New York Times, “Japan Says Allies Are Broken at Sea,” December 11, 1941, 1.
61. New York Times, “Japan Says Allies Are Broken at Sea,” December 11, 1941, 1.
62. F. Tillman Durdin, “Japanese Ashore in Force in Malaya,” New York Times, December 10, 1941, 1.
63. Associated Press, “Britain and Japan Hurl Reinforcements Into Malayan Jungle Battle,” Baltimore Sun, December 10, 1941, 4.
64. Associated Press, “Heroism in Philippines,” Baltimore Sun, December 10, 1941, 4.
65. Associated Press, “Tokyo Claims Seizure of 200 Merchantmen,” Baltimore Sun, December 10, 1941, 4.
66. Associated Press, “Tokyo Claims Seizure of 200 Merchantmen,” Baltimore Sun, December 10, 1941, 4.
67. Associated Press, “Tokyo Claims Seizure of 200 Merchantmen,” Baltimore Sun, December 10, 1941, 4.
68. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum,“Halifax to FDR Letter Regarding Military Situation: Military Report from London, December 10, 1941,” December 12, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
69. Associated Press Wire Photo, “Casualty Error,” Evening Star, December 10, 1941, A2.
70. New York Times “2 False Air ‘Raids’ Upset New Yorkers,” December 10, 1941, 1.
71. New York Times, “Blackout Ordered for Capitol Dome,” December 10, 1941, 18.
72. International News Service, “The Presidents Day,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 2.
73. New York Times, “The President’s Address,” December 10, 1941, 1.
74. New York Times, “The President’s Address,” December 10, 1941, 1.
75. New York Times, “The President’s Address,” December 10, 1941, 1.
76. New York Times, “The President’s Address,” December 10, 1941, 1.
77. New York Times, “The President’s Address,” December 10, 1941, 1.
78. New York Times, “The President’s Address,” December 10, 1941, 1.
79. New York Times, “The President’s Address,” December 10, 1941, 1.
80. International News Service, “The Presidents Day,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 2.
81. International News Service, “The Presidents Day,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 2.
82. Associated Press, “New Air Raid Alarm Sounded in New York After 2 False Scares,” Evening Star, December 10, 1941, A2.
83. Associated Press, “New Air Raid Alarm Sounded in New York After 2 False Scares,” Evening Star, December 10, 1941, A2.
84. Associated Press, “New Air Raid Alarm Sounded in New York After 2 False Scares,” Evening Star, December 10, 1941, A2.
85. Thomas R. Henry, “Innocent Inquiry ‘Alerts’ Northeast Seaboard,” Evening Star, December 10, 1941, B1.
86. Lawrence R. Davies, “Carrier Is Hunted off San Francisco,” New York Times, December 10, 1941, 20.
87. Lawrence R. Davies, “Carrier Is Hunted off San Francisco,” New York Times, December 10, 1941, 20.
88. New York Times, “The Day in Washington,” December 10, 1941, 7.
89. C. P. Trussell, “Navy Criticized as Caught Asleep,” New York Times, December 10, 1941, 1.
90. C.P. Trussell, “Navy Criticized as Caught Asleep,” New York Times, December 10, 1941, 1.
91. Associated Press, “Senate Committees Refuse to Question Defense Strategy,” Washington Evening Star, December 10, 1941, A-5.
92. Paul W. Ward, “Navy and Army Criticized For Hawaii Defeat,” Baltimore Sun, December 10, 1941, 3.
93. C.P. Trussell, “Navy Criticized as Caught Asleep,” New York Times, December 10, 1941, 1.
94. New York Times, “Arrests of 12,850 Revealed in Vichy,” December 10, 1941, 7.
95. New York Times, “Arrests of 12,850 Revealed in Vichy,” December 10, 1941, 7.
96. New York Times, “Arrests of 12,850 Revealed in Vichy,” December 10, 1941, 7.
97. Associated Press, “Germany Cuts Off Press Relations with America,” Washington Evening Star, December 10, 1941, A-1.
98. New York Times, “Enlistments Rise to New Highs Here,” December 10, 1941, 22.
99. Associated Press, “Bulletins: Report U.S. Burning Papers,” Hartford (CT) Courant, December 10, 1941, 1.
CHAPTER 11: THE ELEVENTH OF DECEMBER
1. Associated Press, “Germany and Italy Declare War on U.S. and Sign New Axis Alliance,” Washington Evening Star, December 11, 1941, A1.
2. Associated Press, “Dictators Give Views on Conflict,” Kingsport (TN) Times, December 11, 1941, 1.
3. Associated Press, “Dictators Give Views on Conflict,” Kingsport (TN) Times, December 11, 1941, 1.
4. Associated Press, “Dictators Give Views On Conflict,” Kingsport (TN) Times, December 11, 1941, 1.
5. Associated Press, “Mussolini War Statement,” New York Times, December 12, 1941, 4.
6. Associated Press, “Dictators Give Views on Conflict,” Kingsport (TN) Times, December 11, 1941, 1.
7. Associated Press, “How Hitler Declared War on U.S.,” Christian Science Monitor, December 11, 1941, 10.
8. Associated Press, “How Hitler Declared War on U.S.,” Christian Science Monitor, December 11, 1941, 10.
9. Associated Press, “Germany and Italy Declare War on U.S. and Sign New Axis Alliance,” Washington Evening Star, December 11, 1941, A1.
10. Michael Barone, Our Country: The Shaping of America from Roosevelt to Reagan (New York: Free Press, 1990), 145.
11. Brett Gary, The Nervous Liberals: Propaganda Anxieties from World War I to the Cold War (New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1999), 301.
12. Washington Evening Star, “Axis Envoys Notifying U.S. of War Received By Under-Officials,” December 11, 1941, A2.
13. Bertram D. Hulen, “Hull Very Frigid to Visiting Envoys,” New York Times, December 12, 1941, 3.
14. Washington Evening Star, “Axis Envoys Notifying U.S. of War Received By Under-Officials,” December 11, 1941, A2.
15. Associated Press, “Germany and Italy Declare War on U.S. and Sign New Axis Alliance,” Washington Evening Star, December 11, 1941, A1.
16. New York Times, “Charges in German Note,” December 12, 1941, 5.
17. Associated Press, “Sequence of Nazi Aggression Leading to Break With U.S.,” Christian Science Monitor, December 11, 1941, 6.
18. New York Times, “Submarine Warfare,” February 20, 1940, 18.
19. Washington Evening Star, “Axis Envoys Notifying U.S. of War Received By Under-Officials,” December 11, 1941, A2.
20. Washington Evening Star, “Italian and German Embassies Are Calm at War Declaration,” December 11, 1941, A3.
21. New York Times, “Our Declaration of War,” December 12, 1941, 1.
22. New York Times, “City Calm and Grim as the War Widens,” December 12, 1941, 1.
23. Frank L. Kluckhohn, “War Opened On Us,” New York Times, December 12, 1941, 1.
24. Associated Press, “Miss Rankin Voted ‘Present’ in Weak Voice; Clerk Had to Call Her Name a Second Time,” New York Times, December 12, 1941, 6.
25. Chicago Daily Tribune, “Montana G. O. P. Head Demands Rep. Rankin Change Vote on War,” December 9, 1941, 4.
26. Robert C. Albright, “Declaration Laid On President’s Desk Three Hours After Two Houses Meet,” Washington Post, December 12, 1941, 1.
27. Associated Press, “U.S. Troops Released for War Abroad,” Kingsport (TN) Times, December 11, 1941, 1.
28. Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen, “Washington Merry-Go-Round,” Kingsport (TN) Times, December 11, 1941, 4.
29. Associated Press, “Grim-Visaged F.D.R. Signs War Papers,” Atlanta Constitution, December 12, 1941, 6.
30. Associated Press, “Proof Democracy Can Move Swiftly,” Atlanta Constitution, December 12, 1941, 6.
31. Associated Press, “U. S. Answers Axis Challenge, Declares War,” Atlanta Constitution, December 12, 1941, 1.
32. Associated Press, “U.S. Troops Released for War Abroad,” Kingsport (TN) Times, December 11, 1941, 1.
33. Associated Press, “Tobey Renews Demands for Navy Inquiry,” Washington Evening Star, December 11, 1941, A1.
34. Associated Press, “Tobey Renews Demands for Navy Inquiry,” Washington Evening Star, December 11, 1941, A1.
35. Associated Press, “Senators of Both Parties Demand Investigation of Hawaii Attack,” Kingsport (TN) Times, December 11, 1941, 4.
36. Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen, “Washington Merry-Go-Round,” Kingsport (TN) Times, December 11, 1941, 4.
37. New York Times, “Silent Galleries Watch War Vote,” December 12, 1941, 5.
38. Washington Evening Star, “Roosevelt Accepts Offer of Parties to Drop Politics,” December 1, 1941, A9.
39. Associated Press, “Democrats and Republicans Adjourn Domestic Politics,” Los Angeles Times, December 11, 1941, 17.
40. Associated Press, “Japs May Have Timed Attack By U.S. Army’s Down Patrol,” Washington Evening Star, December 11, 1941, A8.
41. Gordon W. Prange, At Dawn We Slept (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1981), 70–77.
42. New York Times, “Stimson Asks Time for Facts on Hawaii,” December 12, 1941, 11.
43. George Fielding Eliot, “Bomb Hits of Japanese Hint New Device Used,” Los Angeles Times, December 11, 1941, 5.
44. Washington Post, “Suicide Pilots’ Dove Straight Into Ships, U.S. Officers Think,” December 11, 1941, 1.
45. Washington Post, “Congressmen Halt Hawaiian Investigation,” December 11, 1941, 26.
46. Charles Hurd, “U.S. Fliers Score,” New York Times, December 12, 1941, 1.
47. Associated Press, “Churchill Expects U.S. Losses to Cut Help for Britain,” Washington Evening Star, December 11, 1941, A2.
48. Winston S. Churchill, The Grand Alliance (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1950), 620.
49. Associated Press, “130 Officers Saved With 2,200 Men from Wales and Repulse,” Washington Evening Star, December 11, 1941, A3.
50. Winston S. Churchill, The Grand Alliance (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1950), 590.
51. Canadian Press, “British-U.S. Navies Still Superior To Joint Axis Fleets,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada), December 11, 1941, 1.
52. Associated Press, “Brown of CBS, Rescued from Sea,” Atlanta Constitution, December 11, 1941, 1.
53. O. D. Gallagher, International News Service, “Repulse Survivor Walked Down to Sea as on Sloping Sidewalk,” Atlanta Constitution, December 11, 1941, 1.
54. New York Times, “The Admiralty’s Christmas Card of Good Cheer Becomes a Message of Sorrow,” December 11, 1941, 7.
55. Washington Evening Star, “Officials Consider Air Raid Shelters for Washington,” December 11, 1941, A1.
56. Associated Press, “Capitol Hums with War Activity; One Senator Blocks FDR Bill,” Atlanta Constitution, December 11, 1941, 2.
57. Washington Post, “Navy to Clean Up Merchant Marine,” December 11, 1941, 7.
58. Associated Press, “Late War Bulletins,” Washington Evening Star, December 11, 1941, A1.
59. Alfred Friendly, “U.S. Bans Tire Sales; Will Seize All Imports,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 1.
60. Alfred Friendly, “U.S. Bans Tire Sales; Will Seize All Imports,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 1.
61. Associated Press, “Capitol Hums with War Activity; One Senator Blocks FDR Bill,” Atlanta Constitution, December 11, 1941, 2.
62. Drew Pearson, Robert S. Allen, “Washington Merry-Go-Round,” Kingsport (TN) Times, December 11, 1941, 4.
63. Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), 291.
64. Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), 265–266.
65. Frank L. Kluckhohn, “Army, Navy Get Control of Radio,” New York Times, December 11, 1941, 3.
66. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memo from Chief of Naval Operations Harold Stark to President Roosevelt” December 12, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
67. Clark Lee, Associated Press, “Landings in North Are ‘In Heavy Force’,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 6.
68. Constantine Brown, “This Changing World,” Washington Evening Star, December 11, 1941, A13.
69. Washington Post, “Bulletins: Japs Seize U.S. Consuls at Hanoi,” December 11, 1941, 4.
70. United Press, “U.S. Bombs Fire Japanese Battleship; Army Smashes Main Philippine Invasion,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 1.
71. United Press, “Philipines Fight; Army Reports Invasion Under Control, With a New Effort Repulsed,” New York Times, December 11, 1941, 1.
72. William Safire, Leonard Safir, Words of Wisdom (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989), 54.
73. William Manchester, American Caesar, Douglas MacArthur 1880–1964 (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1978), 152.
74. Life, “Commander of the Far East,” December 8, 1941, 1.
75. Life, “Commander of the Far East,” December 8, 1941, 8.
76. Washington Evening Star, “Navy Calls Member of House for Duty,” December 11, 1941, A13.
77. Robert A. Caro, Means of Ascent: The Years of Lyndon Johnson (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990), 20.
78. Robert A. Caro, Means of Ascent: The Years of Lyndon Johnson (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990), 24–25.
79. Kingsport (TN) Times, “Go Ahead—Surprise Her! With a Diamond,” December 11, 1941, 5.
80. Kingsport (TN) Times, “Give Her Glamour . . . You Can Do So With . . .,” December 11, 1941, 6.
81. Kingsport (TN) Times, “To Show Your Devotion Nothing Will Thrill Her More Than a Gorgeous . . .,” December 11, 1941, 6.
82. Washington Evening Star, “Jordan’s Corner 13th & G Sts.,” December 11, 1941, A3.
83. Washington Evening Star, “Haley’s Photo Album,” December 11, 1941, A3.
84. Ovid A. Martin, Associated Press, “Housewives Assured Food Supplies Ample for Nation,” Kingsport (TN) Times, December 11, 1941, 7.
85. Los Angeles Times, “Vegetables Found Free of Poisons,” December 11, 1941, Part II, 2.
86. Washington Evening Star, “Grand Opening! Bladensburg D.G.S. Mkt.,” December 11, 1941, A15.
87. Washington Post “‘Give Gifts That Pour’; Clark’s,” December 11, 1941, 7.
88. Gladwyn Hill, Franklin Mullin, Wide World, “Nation’s Corn Crop Will Be Basic Factor in Deciding War End,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 11, 1941, 2.
89. Associated Press, “Government Okays New Army Helmets,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 10.
90. Associated Press, “1,000 Heavy Bombers Monthly New Goal of U.S. Industry,” Atlanta Constitution, 3.
91. Associated Press, “War Brings Peace to Labor Front: Threatens Propeller Output,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 10.
92. Birmingham (AL) News, “Two Alabamians Die in Fighting Around Hawaii,” December 12, 1941, 1.
93. Boston Globe, “Lynn, Hingham Youths Killed at Honolulu,” December 12, 1941, 1.
94. Washington Evening Star, “Army List of 87 Killed,” December 11, 1941, A4.
95. Washington Evening Star, “More Victims,” December 11, 1941, A4.
96. Associated Press, “This Soldier Is Very Much Alive,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 12.
97. Associated Press, “Admiral Kidd Dead in Action in Hawaii,” New York Times, December 11, 1941, 4.
98. New York Times, “Award 62 Medals to Heroes of Navy,” March 15, 1942.
99. Associated Press, “Eleven Frenchmen Shot By Germans,” Kingsport (TN) Times, December 11, 1941, 2.
100. Associated Press, “U.S. Writers Restrained in Germany,” Hartfort (CT) Courant, December 11, 1941, 13.
101. Associated Press, “Nazis Seize Americans Equal to Number Arrested in U.S.,” Washington Evening Star, December 11, 1941, A4.
102. Washington Evening Star, “Italian Embassy Staff Stocks Up With Vitamins,” December 12, 1941, B21.
103. New York Times, “U.S. to Exchange Axis Reporters,” December 12, 1941, 7.
104. Washington Post, “Navy to Clean Up Merchant Marine,” December 11, 1941, 7.
105. Associated Press, “5th Columnist Hunt Started by F.B.I.,” Boston Globe, December 11, 1941, 18.
106. Associated Press, “Justice Department Starts Check on Potential Quislings,” Los Angeles Times, December 12, 1941, Part-1, 8.
107. Washington Post, “Navy to Clean Up Merchant Marine,” December 11, 1941, 7.
108. Los Angeles Times, “Axis Aliens Have Citizenship Right,” December 14, 1941, 11.
109. Washington Post, “Navy to Clean Up Merchant Marine,” December 11, 1941, 7.
110. United Press, “U.S. Bombs Fire Japanese Battleship; Army Smashes Main Philippine Invasion,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 1.
111. New York Times, “Bulletins: N.Y. Harbor Mined, Navy Warns Shipping,” December 11, 1941, 33.
112. Associated Press, “Navy Will Bury Dead Where They Lost Lives,” Atlanta Constitution, December, 11, 1941, 4.
113. Washington Evening Star, “Army Mounts Guns to Protect U.S. Buildings and Workers,” December 12, 1941, A3.
114. Atlanta Constitution “City Defense Corps Formed; Blackout Planned Next Week,” December 11, 1941, 1.
115. Boston Globe, “Japanese War Propaganda Here, Says Speaker,” December 11, 1941, 5.
116. Los Angeles Times, “Everything Normal in Hawaii, Brother Phones Angelino,” December 11, 1941, Part-1, 9.
117. Washington Evening Star, “D.C. Emergency Don’ts,” December 11, 1941, A9.
118. F.R. Kent, Jr., “A Blitz Veteran Writes On: Air Raid Behavior,” Baltimore Sun, December 11, 1941, 30.
119. Howard W. Blakeslee, Wide World, “Here’s How to Teach Yourself to See Better in Blackouts,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 11, 1941, 2.
120. Washington Post, “Skip War Talk with Children, OCD Urges,” December 11, 1941, 25.
121. Washington Post, “Capital Eager to Do Its Share: We Can Be of Great Service By Observing These Don’ts,” December 11, 1941, 1.
122. Washington Post, “Tin Pan Alley Declares War on Japan,” December 12, 1941, 11.
123. Washington Post, “Japan’s Mark Is Taboo,” December 11, 1941, 8.
124. David Brinkley, Washington Goes To War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988), 25.
125. Washington Post, “Japan’s Mark Is Taboo,” December 11, 1941, 8.
126. Washington Post, “Military Guard’s Shot in Air Stops Thief; U.S. Buildings Install Blackout Curtains,” December 11, 1941, 25.
127. Mark Eliot. Walt Disney: Hollywood’s Dark Prince (New York: Carol Publishing, 1993), 163-166.
128. Louella O. Parsons, International News Service, “Cheers for Cartoons,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 17.
129. Hedda Hopper, “So They Take Busmen’s Holidays,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 16.
130. John Lardner, “Slapsie Maxie Gets Set For Babe Ruth’s Arrival,” Hartford (CT) Courant, December 11, 1941, 19.
131. Associated Press, “Axis Powers Pledge No Separate Peace, Japan Announces,” Washington Evening Star, December 11, 1941, A6.
132. International News Service, “The President’s Day,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 2.
133. “Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population, 1940s to date,” Last Modified: April 11, 2011, http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat1.pdf.
134. Washington Post, “Valuable U.S. Documents May Be Hidden in Maryland,” December 11, 1941, 7.
135. Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), 298.
136. Associated Press, “Panama Canal Closed From 6 P.M. to 6 A.M.,” Boston Globe, December 11, 1941, 9.
137. Los Angeles Times, “Planes Search Skies for Japs,” December 11, 1941, 1.
138. Associated Press, “Unidentified Planes Circle Los Angeles,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, Part-1, 9.
139. Los Angeles Times, “Plans Made to Provide Bomb Shelters Here,” December 11, 1941, Part-1, 9.
140. Los Angeles Times, “San Diegan Killed in Black-out Crash,” December 11, 1941, Part-1, 12.
141. Los Angeles Times, “Thunderbolts During Storm Cause Bomb Scare,” December 11, 1941, Part-2, 1.
142. New York Times, “End of Air Raid Alarm Confusion Sought by Army, Navy and City,” December 11, 1941, 1.
143. Boston Globe, “N.E. Rectifies Mistakes of Its First Air Raid Alarm,” December 11, 1941, 1.
CHAPTER 12: THE TWELFTH OF DECEMBER
1. Washington Evening Star, “Strong Jap Attacks Dent British Lines on Malayan Border,” December 12, 1941, 1.
2. Washington Evening Star, “Strong Jap Attacks Dent British Lines on Malayan Border,” December 12, 1941, 1.
3. Associated Press, “Vessels Slip Away; Attacks on Luzon at Increased Fury,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 12, 1941, 1.
4. Dewitt Mackenzie, “The War Today:,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 12, 1941, 49.
5. Boston Daily Globe, “Must Teach Axis Lesson to Remember 1000 Years,” December 12, 1941, 24.
6. Richard Overy, Why The Allies Won (New York: Norton, W.W. & Company, Inc., 1995), 249.
7. Richard Overy, Why The Allies Won (New York: Norton, W.W. & Company, Inc., 1995), 32.
8. David M. Kennedy, The Library of Congress World War II Companion (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007), 480.
9. Associated Press, “Pilot, Killed Sinking Haruna, Called First U.S. Hero in New War,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A6.
10. Associated Press, “Pilot, Killed Sinking Haruna, Called First U.S. Hero in New War,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A6.
11. New York Times, “Liners and Carrier Escape Invaders,” December 11, 1941, 1.
12. Washington Evening Star, “Lone Code Word Puts Pan American Planes on Wartime Plan,” December 12, 1941, A15.
13. Washington Evening Star, “Our Trial Begins”, December 12, 1941, A12.
14. Hanson W. Baldwin, “Air Power Pacific Key,” New York Times, December 11, 1941, 6.
15. Ernest Lindley, “A Bad Beginning,” Washington Post, December 10, 1941, 17.
16. Los Angeles Times, “If the Battleship is Doomed—,” December 11, 1941, 4.
17. Cecil Brown, “Dramatic Death of Battle Cruiser Repulse,” Washington Evening Star, December 11, 1941, A7.
18. Cecil Brown, “Dramatic Death of Battle Cruiser Repulse,” Washington Evening Star, December 11, 1941, A7.
19. Birmingham (AL) News, “Optimists Warned Japs No Pushover,” December 12, 1941, 6.
20. Associated Press, “The Japanese Aren’t Any Pushover,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 12, 1941, 39.
21. New York Times, “This Is an Air War,” December 11, 1941, 26.
22. David Lawrence, “America’s Courage Faces Test,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A13.
23. Associated Press, “Closer British Watch Kept on Nazi Fleet,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, 1.
24. Boston Evening Globe, “All Men and Women May Be Registered for Defense,” December 12, 1941, 1.
25. Boston Evening Globe, “All Men and Women May Be Registered for Defense,” December 12, 1941, 1.
26. Associated Press, “Bill to Draft Men 18 to 65 to Get Swift House Action,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A1.
27. Washington Evening Star, “Recruiting Stations Report Little Letup in Enlistments,” December, 12, 1941, A14.
28. Baltimore Sun, “Son Gives His Navy Father a Surprise,” December 12, 1941, 30.
29. Telegraph-Herald, “Sees Need for 10,000 Nurses,” December 11, 1941, 8.
30. Washington Evening Star, “D.C. Man Jailed for Attempting to Dodge Draft,” December 12, 1941, B1.
31. David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War (New York: Knopf, 1988), 81.
32. Atlanta Daily World, “S.C. Soldiers Given Bibles,” December 13, 1941, 1.
33. New York Times, “From Jobs to Marines, ‘Privilege’ to Serve,” December 11, 1941, 4.
34. New York Times, “From Jobs to Marines, ‘Privilege’ to Serve,” December 11, 1941, 4.
35. Associated Press, “Billions in War Taxes to Be Sought at Once by Legislators,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A6.
36. Washington Evening Star, “Model Air-Raid Shelter Planned in Alexandria,” December 12, 1941, B1.
37. New York Times, “Making the Rounds with a New York City Air-Raid Warden,” December 14, 1941, 64.
38. Grace Tully, F. D. R. My Boss (Peoples Book Club: Chicago, IL, 1949), 259.
39. Washington Evening Star, “Boat Owners Help 24-Hour Patrols on Potomac Bridges,” December 12, 1941, B1.
40. Boston Daily Globe, “Air Raid Rules for Autoists: Stop, Park at Curb, Lights Out,” December 12, 1941, 3.
41. Washington Evening Star, Woodward & Lothrop ad, December 12, 1941, B20.
42. Los Angeles Times, “Roundup of Aliens Called Nearly Over,” December 11, 1941, 8.
43. Los Angeles Times, “Roundup of Aliens Called Nearly Over,” December 11, 1941, 8.
44. Hartford (CT) Courant, “Local Chinese Has His Troubles Proving It On New York Trip,” December 11, 1941, 22.
45. Associated Press, “Body of Chinese, Slain by Headsman, Found in Seattle,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A2.
46. Los Angeles Times, “Filipino Knifes Japanese in Car,” December 13, 1941, B1.
47. New York Times, “Warns Americans of ‘Split Loyalty,’” December 11, 1941, 7.
48. New York Times, “Warns Americans of ‘Split Loyalty,’” December 11, 1941, 7.
49. New York Times, “Warns Americans of ‘Split Loyalty,’” December 11, 1941, 7.
50. Associated Press, “Hitler Admirer and Aides Seized by F. B. I. on Coast,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A2.
51. Washington Evening Star, “Congress Is Warned of Sabotage Danger; F. B. I. Calls ‘Alumni,’” December 12, 1941, A4.
52. Washington Evening Star, “Army Mounts Guns to Protect U. S. Buildings and Workers,” December 12, 1941, A3.
53. Washington Evening Star, “Congress Is Warned of Sabotage Danger; F. B. I. Calls ‘Alumni,’” December 12, 1941, A4.
54. Frank L. Kluckhohn, “Army, Navy Get Control of Radio,” New York Times, December 11, 1941, 8.
55. Atlanta Constitution, “General Motors Defense Output Beats Schedule,” December 12, 1941, 20.
56. Frank L. Kluckhohn, “Army, Navy Get Control of Radio,” New York Times, December 11, 1941, 8.
57. Washington Post, “Blue Pencil,” December 13, 1941, 14.
58. Atlanta Constitution, “Criticism,” December 12, 1941, 16.
59. Walter Lippmann, “On Rising to the Occasion,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 12, 1941, 16.
60. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, “Raid Alarms to Silence Radio Quickly,” December 13, 1941, 6.
61. Birmingham (AL) News, “Another Chance to Do Your Bit,” December 12, 1941, 39.
62. New York Times, Jailed in Charity Scheme; Five Men Also Fined in Lottery at Paterson Elks Club,” December 13, 1941, 12.
63. Robert Quillen, “No Man’s Right to Liberty Transcends Another’s Right to Life,” Atlanta Constitution, December 12, 1941, 16.
64. Will Swift, Ph.D, The Roosevelts and the Royals (Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004), 133.
65. Associated Press, “Van Nuys Introduces Bill Giving President Extra War Powers,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A6.
66. Washington Evening Star, “Tobey Knows Nothing of Hawaiian Battle, Roosevelt Declares,” December 12, 1941, A14.
67. Washington Evening Star, “Upper House Votes to Give Each Senator $4,500 Assistant,” December 12, 1941, A2.
68. Saturday Evening Post, “Happy Birthday to You,” December 13, 1941, 34.
69. Associated Press, “Five Auto Plants Close Under O. P. M. Order for Curtailment,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A2.
70. Associated Press, “Production of Automobiles May Be Halted Entirely After February 1,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A20.
71. Associated Press, “Ford and G. M. Plan War Operations on Seven-Day Week,” Washington Evening Star, December 13, 1941, A12.
72. Associated Press, “President Asks Press and Radio Not to List War Casualties,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A2.
73. Washington Evening Star, “Army Death List From Hawaii Reaches 155, Still Incomplete,” December 12, 1941, A6.
74. Washington Evening Star, “Tobey Knows Nothing of Hawaiian Battle, Roosevelt Declares,” December 12, 1941, A14.
75. Washington Evening Star, “40-Hour Work Week and Overtime Stand, President Declares” December 12, 1941, A14.
76. Associated Press, “Kimmel, Bloch Commend Valor Shown at Hawaii,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, B28.
77. Associated Press, “Would-Be Hero Admits Hoax in Blast Scare,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A14.
78. David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War (New York: Knopf, 1988), 21.
79. Lamar Q. Ball, “Atlanta’s Santa Claus Is in War Up to His Ears, on U. S. Side,” Atlanta Constitution, December 12, 1941, 1.
80. U. S. Census Bureau, Educational Attainment, “A Half Century of Learning: Historical Census Statistics on Educational Attainment in the United States, 1940 to 2000: Detailed Tables,” Last Revised: September 22, 2010, http://www.census.gov/hhes/socdemo/education/data/census/half-century/tables.html.
81. U. S. Census Bureau, Educational Attainment, “A Half Century of Learning: Historical Census Statistics on Educational Attainment in the United States, 1940 to 2000: Detailed Tables,” Last Revised: September 22, 2010, http://www.census.gov/hhes/socdemo/education/data/census/half-century/tables.html.
CHAPTER 13: THE THIRTEENTH OF DECEMBER
1. Associated Press, “Californians ‘Lose Pants’ in Jap Cleaning Shop,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 12, 1941, 1.
2. Los Angeles Times, “Census Bureau Tells Reason for Crowded Clothes Closets,” December 12, 1941, 13.
3. Associated Press, “Sees Open Season on ‘Japs’,” New York Times, December 12, 1941, 21.
4. Washington Evening Star, “Ship, Japan Mail, Has Name Changed to China Mail,” December 13, 1941, A12.
5. Boston Globe, “Axis Nationals Being Taken Off American Ships,” December 13, 1941, 2.
6. Associated Press Wire Photo, “Alien Detention Camp in Canal Zone,” Washington Evening Star, December 13, 1941, A12.
7. Associated Press Wire Photo, “Alien Detention Camp in Canal Zone,” Washington Evening Star, December 13, 1941, A12.
8. Associated Press, “Total of 2,541 Enemy Aliens Are Arrested,” Atlanta Constitution, December 13, 1941, 5.
9. New York Times, “Central America Now Fully in War,” December 13, 1941, 7.
10. Associated Press, “Housewife’s ‘Doorstop’ Proves to Be 50-Pound Aerial Bomb,” Atlanta Constitution, December 13, 1941, 2.
11. Los Angeles Times, “Gloria Vanderbilt Will Be Married to Di Cicco,” December 12, 1941, 1-Part II.
12. Atlanta Constitution, “To Amuse Us Today,” December 12, 1941, 19.
13. Atlanta Constitution, “War Takes Play in Newsreels Showing at Movie Houses Here,” December 12, 1941, 19.
14. Associated Press, “A Tokyo Claim—It’s Suspect,” San Francisco Chronicle, December 13, 1941, 1.
15. Associated Press, “Japanese Claim U.S. Battleship Arizona Is Sunk,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 13, 1941, 1.
16. Constantine Brown, “This Changing World,” Washington Evening Star, December 13, 1941, A9.
17. Associated Press, “Knox Returns From Hawaii; Hurries Here,” Washington Evening Star, December 13, 1941, 1.
18. Washington Post, “Rain and Sleet Slow Washington Traffic; Many Late to Work,” December 13, 1941, 2.
19. John C. Henry, “High Naval Officials Called to White House for Consultation,” Washington Evening Star, December 13, 1941, A3.
20. Associated Press, “Capital Moves to Tap Vast War Reserves,” Atlanta Constitution, December 13, 1941, 1.
21. Associated Press, “Bombers and More Bombers Likely to Be Cry in War of Pacific,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 13, 1941, 2.
22. International News Service, “The President’s Day,” Washington Post, December 13, 1941, 2.
23. International News Service, “The President’s Day,” Washington Post, December 13, 1941, 2.
24. Washington Evening Star, “Encircled Axis Troops Attacked by British West of Tobruk,” December 13, 1941, A2.
25. Associated Press, “Army Cancels Coast Blackout to Avoid Hysteria,” Boston Globe, December 12, 1941, 31.
26. Associated Press, “Warnings Wear Out Fire Engine Sirens,” Washington Evening Star, December 13, 1941, A9.
27. Los Angeles Times, “Man Glows in Blackout,” December 13, 1941, 5.
28. Los Angeles Times, “Black-out Hint on Calling Doctor,” December 12, 1941, D.
29. Los Angeles Times, “Windows Dim at Plane Plants,” December 12, 1941, 5.
30. Los Angeles Times, “Alien Rules Tightened,” December 12, 1941, 2-Part II.
31. Associated Press, “Blackout Extended 100 Miles Eastward from San Francisco,” Washington Evening Star, December 13, 1941, A12.
32. Los Angeles Times, “Blue Car Lights Under Ban; Autos Must Halt in Blackouts,” December 13, 1941, 1.
33. San Francisco Chronicle, “FDR Slaps a ‘Keep Out’ Order on S.F. Harbor; Navy’s in Charge,” December 13, 1941, 2.
34. San Francisco Chronicle, “FDR Slaps a ‘Keep Out’ Order on S.F. Harbor; Navy’s in Charge,” December 13, 1941, 2.
35. Baltimore Sun, “Blackout of Baltimore Within 10 Days Planned; Westminster Has Drill,” December 13, 1941, 24.
36. Associated Press, “3d Blackout in San Diego; ‘Something’ Off the Coast,” Boston Globe, December 12, 1941, 22.
37. Associated Press, “Brief Alert Is Sounded on New England Coast,” Washington Evening Star, December 13, 1941, A2.
38. New York Times, “Veteran Briton Gives Us Raid Pointers; Says Police and Fire Autos Should Use Bells,” December 12, 1941, 20.
39. New York Times, “Veteran Briton Gives Us Raid Pointers; Says Police and Fire Autos Should Use Bells,” December 12, 1941, 20.
40. Los Angeles Times, “Weather Bureau Halts Forecasts,” December 13, 1941, 1.
41. Associated Press, “New Orleans Won’t Have Mardi Gras,” Los Angeles Times, December 13, 1941, D.
42. New York Times, “Churches Prepare for Raids on City,” December 12, 1941, 21.
43. New York Times, “Theatres to Test Blackout Tonight; Lights in 45th Street Are to Go Out,” December 13, 1941, 12.
44. Paul Mallon, “Huge Increase in Army Now Is Imperative,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 12, 1941, 1.
45. Eugene Burns, “Six Vicious Raids by Japs Leave Oahu’s Defenders Fighting Mad,” Washington Evening Star, December 12, 1941, A8.
46. Associated Press, “Japanese Populace Told New York Was Bombed Twice,” Los Angeles Times, December 13, 1941, A.
47. Washington Evening Star, “Day Parking Banned For Christmas Season,” December 13, 1941, A7.
48. Washington Evening Star, “War Won’t Stop D.C. Christmas Tree Program,” December 13, 1941, A16.
49. Christine Sadler, “Guns Mounted, D.C. Wardens on 24-Hr. Shift,” Washington Post, December 13, 1941, 8.
50. Eleanor Roosevelt, “My Day,” Atlanta Constitution, December 13, 1941, 14.
51. New York Times, “City Calm As The War Widens,” December 12, 1941, 1.
52. Boston Globe, “Says Jap Attack Brings Unanimity of Action to U.S.,” December 12, 1941, 4.
53. Boston Globe, “National Peace Group Disbands, Votes Funds for Defense Bonds,” December 12, 1941, 31.
54. Los Angeles Times, “America First to Be Dissolved,” December 12, 1941, 8.
55. Boston Globe, “Hemisphere Solidarity,” December 12, 1941, 26.
56. New York Times, “City Calm as the War Widens,” December 12, 1941, 1.
57. New York Times, “14 Convicted Here as German Spies,” December 13, 1941, 1.
58. New York Times, “14 Convicted Here as German Spies,” December 13, 1941, 1
59. Associated Press, “‘Loyalty’ Probe Before Civil Pilots Can Fly Again,” Boston Globe, December 12, 1941, 5.
60. New York Times, “Ban Lifted By CAA on Private Airplanes,” December 12, 1941, 12.
61. Boston Globe, “Manual Cautions Against Pollution of Water Supply,” December 12, 1941, 31.
62. Gene R. Casey, “Crack Army Crews Are Constantly Alert at Guns, Searchlights,” Boston Globe, December 12, 1941, 31.
63. Gene R. Casey, “Key Cities Armed Camps in Greater Boston Now,” Boston Globe, December 12, 1941, 14.
64. Boston Globe, “State Bans Cameras at Boston’s Airport Following Complaint,” December 12, 1941, 33.
65. Gene R. Casey, “Key Cities Armed Camps in Greater Boston Now,” Boston Globe, December 12, 1941, 14.
66. Boston Globe, “Good for You, Food for You, Guinness,” December 12, 1941, 31.
67. Boston Globe, “Norman Thomas Tells His Stand on War at Harvard University,” December 12, 1941, 33.
68. Boston Globe, “Museum Closes to Public Its Jap Art Treasures,” December 12, 1941, 23.
69. Boston Globe, “Pilgrim Monument Beacon Blacked Out at Provincetown,” December 13, 1941, 2.
70. Associated Press, “Lloyd’s Discontinues War Risk Insurance on Property in U.S.,” Boston Globe, December 12, 1941, 22.
71. Associated Press, “Price-Fixing Fines Levied,” Los Angeles Times, December 12, 1941, 12.
72. Associated Press, “Price Ceilings Are Placed on Fats and Oils,” Atlanta Constitution, December 13, 1941, 4.
73. New York Times, “Japanese Farmers Exempt,” December 12, 1941, 3.
74. New York Times, “City Votes $25,000 for Raid Sirens,” December 12, 1941, 20.
75. United Press, “Japanese Pounded in Luzon, Warships Chased; Russians Rout Nazi Armies on Moscow Front; House Gets Bill to Register All Men 18 to 64,” New York Times, December 13, 1941, 1.
76. Saturday Evening Post, “Smoker’s Hack!” December 13, 1941, 60.
77. Saturday Evening Post, “Greetings from Philip Morris,” December 13, 1941, 64.
78. Saturday Evening Post, “Something New has been added!,” December 13, 1941, 67.
79. Saturday Evening Post, “Merry Crispness,” December 13, 1941, 94.
80. Saturday Evening Post, “Thirst Asks Nothing More,” December 13, 1941, 126.
81. Associated Press, “Guam Probably Taken By Japs, Navy Says, Conferees O.K. 10 Billion For Defense,” Washington Evening Star, December 13, 1941, 1.
82. Associated Press, “Enemy Is Wiped Out North of Manila by Stubborn Defenders,” Washington Evening Star, December 13, 1941, 1.
83. Associated Press, “Army Concludes Mopping Up in Lingayen Sector,” Washington Evening Star, December 13, 1941, 1.
84. Associated Press, “Japs Claim Sinking of Battleship Arizona at Hawaii Sunday,” Washington Evening Star, December 13, 1941, A2.
85. Associated Press, “4000 Japs Drown,” Boston Globe, December 13, 1941, 1.
86. David M. Nichol, “‘Human Torpedoes’ Story Denied by Jap Naval Attache at Vichy,” Boston Globe, December 13, 1941, 17.
87. Associated Press, “Tokyo Admits Using ‘Human Torpedoes’,” Washington Post, December 13, 1941, 6.
88. Associated Press, “Pearl Harbor War Widows to Get More,” Pittsburg Post-Gazette, December 18, 1941, 2.
89. Associated Press, “‘I Know He’s Happy,’ Mrs. Kelly Says on Death of Hero Husband,” Washington Evening Star, December 13, 1941, A3.
90. United Press, “First Gold Star of 1942 Awarded,” Los Angeles Times, December 14, 1941, 9.
CHAPTER 14: THE FOURTEENTH OF DECEMBER
1. Associated Press, “Line-Up of Countries Now at War,” Evening Star, December 13, 1941, A6.
2. Associated Press, “Line-Up of Countries Now at War,” Evening Star, December 13, 1941, A6.
3. Washington Post, “Eire’s Stand Unchanged,” December 1, 1941, 11.
4. David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988), 93.
5. Baltimore Sun, “Transit Visas Restricted By Portugal,” December 13, 1941, 4.
6. Associated Press, “German Army in Headlong Retreat From Moscow After Utter Defeat,” Atlanta Constitution, December 13, 1941, 1.
7. Hanson W. Baldwin, “Philippines Delaying Foe,” New York Times, December 13, 1941, 4.
8. Associated Press, “Nazis Shoot 4 in Paris,” New York Times, December 13, 1941, 4.
9. By Telephone, “100 Hostages Shot By Nazis in France,” New York Times, December 14, 1941, 1.
10. New York Times, “Reich to Register Americans Over 50,” December 13, 1941, 7.
11. W. H. Shippen, “Wherein He Found ‘Sanctity of Space,’ ” Evening Star, December 13, 1941, 17.
12. Washington Evening Star, “Bolles Urges Dimming Lights to Guard City,” December 13, 1941, A16.
13. Associated Press, “U.S. Flyers Battle Japs in Manila Raid,” Sunday Star, December 14, 1941, 1.
14. Associated Press, “War Insurance Firm Created By Government,” Atlanta Constitution, December 14, 1941, 9B.
15. David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988), xiv.
16. David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988), 20.
17. Private Walter Weisbecker, “War and Washington: Soldiers Made to Feel They Belong,” San Francisco Chronicle, December 14, 1941, 8.
18. Sunday Star, “Where to Go What to Do,” December 14, 1941, B6.
19. Atlanta Constitution, “Attack on Flag Stirred Troops, Atlantan Says,” December 13, 1941, 11.
20. Lethbridge Herald, “Censor Puts Ban on Kisses in a Row,” December 15, 1941, 2.
21. Associated Press, “Plan No Censorship of Domestic Mail,” Boston Sunday Globe, December 14, 1941, 10.
22. Los Angeles Times, “Less Talk Urged on Navy Actions,” December 13, 1941, 5.
23. San Francisco Chronicle, “U.S. Worried About Gas Protection, Says Mrs. FDR,” December 14, 1941, 7.
24. Thomas R. Henry, “Civilian Gas Mask Bill Action Scheduled in Congress Tomorrow,” Sunday Star, December 14, 1941, A3.
25. Los Angeles Times, “Report of Labor Exodus Denied,” December 14, 1941, 24.
26. George Gallup, “Air Raid Sentiments Sounded in Gallup Poll,” New York Times, December 13, 1941, 4.
27. Washington Post, “Do’s and Don’ts for Handling Fire Bombs,” December 13, 1941, 8.
28. Atlanta Constitution, “Skull Practice Held Here on Handling Incendiary Bombs,” December 14, 1941, 12A.
29. Sunday Star, “The Volunteer Overlax of Army Here,” December 14, 1941, A4.
30. Los Angeles Times, “Draft Objector Ready to Serve,” December 13, 1941, 1D.
31. Atlanta Constitution, “Georgian Killed in Hawaii Attack,” December 13, 1941, 2A.
32. Birmingham News, “Lauderdale Negro Killed In Naval Engagement,” December 14, 1941, 1.
33. Boston Sunday Globe, “Military Honors for Lynn Private Killed in Hawaii,” December 14, 1941, 7.
34. Boston Sunday Globe, “Schools Asked to Make Stretchers and First Aid Chests,” December 14, 1941, 7.
35. Associated Press, “Blind Man Offers Self and Seeing-Eye Dog as Blackout Guides,” The Sunday Star, December 14, 1941, A3.
36. Birmingham News, “Boy Scouts to Help,” December 14, 1941, 16.
37. Birmingham News, “Class at Millport Will Call Off Tour, Buy Defense Bond.”
38. The Atlanta Constitution, “War Writes New Corus to Song,” December 14, 1941, 1A.
39. The Atlanta Constitution, “Auto Clubs Helping Defense,” December 14, 1941, 6B.
40. The Sunday Star, “Gen. Wood Volunteers Services During War,” December 14, 1941, A5.
41. New York Times, “America First Unit Quits,” December 13, 1941, 10.
42. Sunday Star, “Gen. Wood Volunteers Services During War,” December 14, 1941, A4.
43. Associated Press, “Provisions of Draft Bill,” December 13, 1941, 14.
44. Los Angeles Times, “Worker Surplus Now Wiped Out,” December 13, 1941, 1 Part I.
45. Associated Press, “Studies No Reason For Not Serving,” Evening Star, December 14, 1941, C1.
46. Associated Press, “Army Officer Urges Rose Bowl Football Game Be Cancelled,” Atlanta Constitution, December 13, 1941, 1A.
47. Walter McCallum, “Ban on Big-Time Competitive Golf by U.S.G.A. for Duration of War Expected,” The Sunday Star, December 14, 1941, C2.
48. Sunday Star, “Riggs, Sarah Cooke Get Top Rankings In U.S. Tennis,” December 14, 1941, C2.
49. Associated Press, “Frank Capra Quits Films to Join the Signal Corps,” New York Times, December 13, 1941, 24; Joseph McBride. Frank Capra: The Catastrophe of Success (New York: St. Martins Griffin, 2000), 448-460.
50. Los Angeles Times, “Frank Capra Awaiting Summons from Army,” December 13, 1941, 2.
51. Hedda Hopper, “What Will Public Say?” Washington Post, November 2, 1942, B6.
52. Los Angeles Times, “Fox West Coast Theaters,” December 15, 1941, A15.
53. Associated Press, “Defense Plant Where Explosion Killed Nine,” New York Times, December 13, 1941, 10.
54. Lost Angeles Times, “Drowned Man’s Body Found, Probable Victim of Blackout,” December 14, 1941, A2.
55. Christian Science Monitor, “Oregon Sinking Described at Federal Probe,” December 12, 1941, 5.
56. New York Times, “Canada to Ration Gasoline April 1,” December 12, 1941, 12.
57. Henry E. Rose, “Public to Get Lower Quality Fuel, Means Higher Motorists’ Bills,” Wall Street Journal, December 13, 1941, 1.
58. Wall Street Journal, “Heavy Food Buying in Some Areas Forces Grocers to Impose Informal Curbs,” December 13, 1941, 2.
59. Associated Press, “O.P.M. Act Bars Sugar Hoarding or Speculation,” Boston Daily Globe, December 13, 1941, C3.
60. San Francisco Chronicle, “OPM Order: Deliveries of Sugar to Big Users Curbed,” December 14, 1941, 9.
61. J.S. Armstrong, “Major Shift Seen In War Financing,” Baltimore Sun, December 13, 1941, 17.
62. George Gallup, “Price, Wage Control Favored,” Atlanta Constitution, December 14, 1941, 2.
63. Drew Pearson, “President’s Bodyguard Strips Jap Newsmen of Their White House Passes; Living Costs Continue Upward Trend,” Birmingham News, December 14, 1941, 1.
64. San Francisco Chronicle, “New York Wrecks Symbol of Goodwill,” December 14, 1941, 13.
65. Baltimore Sun, “Baltimore Army Nurse ‘Well, Safe’ in Hawaii,” December 13, 1941, 6.
66. Baltimore Sun, “Baltimore Army Nurse ‘Well, Safe’ in Hawaii,” December 13, 1941, 6.
67. Sunday Star, “Six U.S. Flyers Cited by Army for ‘Spectacular Heroism’ in Battle to Save Honolulu,” December 14, 1941, A1.
68. Celestine Sibley, “54 Women Learning Meaning of Dot-Dash in Classes Here,” Atlanta Constitution, December 14, 1941, 4B.
69. San Francisco Chronicle, “This World” Cover, Col. 5, No. 38, December 14, 1941.
70. Richard H. Minear, Dr. Seuss Goes to War (New York: The New Press, 2001).
71. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Report By The Secretary of the Navy to the President,” December 14, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
72. Glen Babb, “There Is No ‘One Man’ in Japan But Adml. Yamamoto New Hero,” Birmingham News, December 14, 1941, 8.
73. United Press, “Rear Admiral Kimmel’s Death, Reported by Japan, Doubted,” Los Angeles Times, December 14, 1941, 1.
74. Clarke Beach, “America’s Strategic Islands Are Keys to Victory in Pacific,” Sunday Star, December 14, 1941, B5.
75. Owen L. Scott, “U.S. Facing Long Hard-Fought War,” Boston Sunday Globe, December 14, 1941, 7.
76. Sunday Star, “Kann’s Toyland” Advertisement, December 14, 1941, B6.
77. New York Times, “Dance Lessons Cost No More at Arthur Murray’s,” December 14, 1941, X4.
78. Boston Sunday Globe, “Gilchrist’s” Advertisement, December 14, 1941, 7.
79. New York Times, “Saks-34th” Advertisement, December 14, 1941, 17.
80. Sunday Star, “Best Sellers,” December 14, 1941, E7.
81. Sunday Star, “The President” Advertisement, December 14, 1941, D15.
82. Jay Carmody, “Another Year, Another 10-Best List,” Sunday Star, December 14, 1941, E1.
83. Carolyn Anspacher, “Neediest Families: You Can Help Keep the Home Fires Burning,” San Francisco Chronicle, December 14, 1941, 9.
84. Blair Bolles, “Total War Between the Democracies and Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis Engulfs War,” Sunday Star, December 14, 1941, B3.
CHAPTER 15: THE FIFTEENTH OF DECEMBER
1. W. E. Lucas, “Fading of Lisbon ‘Liberty Beacon’ Halts Exodus to America,” Christian Science Monitor, December 16, 1941, 7.
2. Boston Daily Globe, “Hundreds Lose Out on Last U.S. Liner Sailing From Lisbon,” December 14, 1941, 10.
3. W. E. Lucas, “Fading of Lisbon ‘Liberty Beacon’ Halts Exodus to America,” Christian Science Monitor, December 16, 1941, 7.
4. W. E. Lucas, “Fading of Lisbon ‘Liberty Beacon’ Halts Exodus to America,” Christian Science Monitor, December 16, 1941, 7.
5. New York Times, “Many Missionaries Listed in War Zone,” December 14, 1941, 4.
6. Life, “War,” December 15, 1941, 27.
7. Associated Press, “Tojo Tells Japanese Diet U.S.-British Fleets ‘Crushed,’” Christian Science Monitor, December 16, 1941, 7.
8. Franck L. Kluckhohn, “Serious Setback,” New York Times, December 10, 1941, 1; Charles Hurd, “Two U.S. Isles Holding Out, But Guam Is Believed Lost,” New York Times, December 14, 1941, 1.
9. Time, “The U.S. at War,” December 15, 1941, 17.
10. Frank L. Kluckhohn, “Roosevelt Holds Navy Conference,” New York Times, December 14, 1941, 22.
11. Time, December 15, 1941.
12. Waldo Heinrichs, Threshold of War: Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Entry Into World War II (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1990), 18.
13. Time, “Labor: Hip & Thigh,” November 10, 1941; Time, “Letters,” December 15, 1941, 4.
14. Life, “War,” December 15, 1941, 27.
15. United Press, “President Studies First Report on Japs’ Surprise Raid on Pearl Harbor,” Yuma (AZ) Daily Sun, December 15, 1941, 1.
16. Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Report by the Secretary of the Navy to the President,” December 14, 1941.
17. United Press, “President Gives Background of War With Japan,” Yuma (AZ) Daily Sun, December 15, 1941, 1.
18. Associated Press, “F.D.R. Declares Jap Attack Case of Horror,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 15, 1941, 1.
19. Associated Press, “Legion Asks Tobey to Demonstrate His Allegiance to U.S.,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 15, 1941, 6.
20. United Press, “Knox Reveals Six U.S. Warships Lost in Hawaii Attack,” Yuma (AZ) Daily Sun, December 15, 1941, 2.
21. United Press, “President Gives Background of War With Japan,” Yuma (AZ) Daily Sun, December 15, 1941, 1.
22. Time, “The U.S. At War,” December 15, 1941, 18.
23. Washington Evening Star, “Secretary Knox’s Account of Surprise Attack on Hawaii,” December 15, 1941, A1.
24. United Press, “Knox Reveals Six U.S. Warships Lost in Hawaii Attack,” Yuma (AZ) Daily Sun, December 15, 1941, 1.
25. United Press, “President Studies First Report On Jap’s Surprise Raid on Pearl Harbor,” Yuma (AZ) Daily Sun, December 15, 1941, 1.
26. Charles Hurd, “Heroic Acts Cited,” New York Times, December 16, 1941, 1.
27. United Press, “Knox Reveals Six U.S. Warships Lost in Hawaii Attack,” Yuma (AZ) Daily Sun, December 15, 1941, 1.
28. United Press, “Knox Reveals Six U.S. Warships Lost in Hawaii Attack,” Yuma (AZ) Daily Sun, December 15, 1941, 1.
29. Washington Evening Star, “Secretary Knox’s Account of Surprise Attack on Hawaii,” December 15, 1941, A1.
30. Washington Evening Star, “Secretary Knox’s Account of Surprise Attack on Hawaii,” December 15, 1941, A1.
31. Washington Evening Star, “Secretary Knox’s Account of Surprise Attack on Hawaii,” December 15, 1941, A1.
32. Turner Jordan, “President Roosevelt on All Stations Over Bill of Rights Program,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 15, 1941, 7.
33. Los Angeles Times, “City Unites Today to Honor Bill of Rights Anniversary,” December 15, 1941, A1; United Press, “President to Speak Tonight at 8:00 M.S.T.,” Yuma (AZ) Daily Sun, December 15, 1941, 1.
34. Associated Press, “Bill of Rights Exercises to Be Observed,” Atlanta Constitution,” December 14, 1941, 3.
35. Associated Press, “Allies Are Expected to Take Solemn Vow of No Separate Peace,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 14, 1941, 1.
36. German Radio received by Associated Press, “Axis Powers Hold Parley,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada), December 15, 1941, 1.
37. Associated Press, “On Warpath Again,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada), December 15, 1941, 6.
38. United Press, “White House Under Guard; No Longer Goldfish Bowl,” Los Angeles Times, December 14, 1941, 8.
39. Los Angeles Times, “Closed Forest Area Patroled,” December 14, 1941, 27.
40. Associated Press, “Patrols to Halt All Ships Nearing Naval Academy,” Washington Evening Star, December 15, 1941, B20.
41. New York Times, “One Plate for New York Autos in 1942, The Other to Be Kept for Use in 1943,” December 14, 1941, 1.
42. New York Times, “Nazi Citizens are Barred From Liquor Licenses,” December 14, 1941, 13.
43. Associated Press, “Stove Firms’ Use of Metals Is Cut,” Milwaukee Journal, December 15, 7.
44. New York Times, “11,000 Small Firms Rally for Work,” December 21, 1941, 9.
45. Time, “Weld It!,” December 15, 1941, 44.
46. Washington Post, “Coast Guard Takes Over Swedish Liner,” December 14, 1941, 1; New York Times, “The International Situation,” December 13, 1941, 1.
47. Birmingham (AL) News, “Sandusky, Ohio, Firm Awarded High Honors for Defense Efficiency,” December 14, 1941, 13.
48. Christian Science Monitor, “Two Refuse Salute; Dismissed From Jobs,” December 15, 1941, 3.
49. New York Times, “GE Works on Sunday,” December 15, 1941, 13.
50. Associated Press, “Jersey Factory Blast Checked by F.B.I., Navy and Police,” Washington Evening Star, December 15, 1941, A-14.
51. Baltimore Sun, “War Boosts Total of Blood Donors,” December 14, 1941, 16.
52. Life, “Movie of the Week: Ball of Fire,” December 15, 1941, 89.
53. Associated Press, “Few Things Escape Slang In U.S. Army,” Baltimore Sun, December 1941, 7.
54. Life, “Movie of the Week: Ball of Fire,” December 15, 1941, 89.
55. Life, “Do You Tell Yourself You Smoke Too Much?” December 15, 1941, 24 and 128.
56. Los Angeles Times, “Body of Japanese Found in Canal,” December 14, 1941, 27.
57. Birmingham (AL) News, “Americans Reminded Most Aliens in U.S. Still Loyal Citizens,” December 14, 1941, 19.
58. Birmingham (AL) News, “Americans Reminded Most Aliens in U.S. Still Loyal Citizens,” December 14, 1941, 19.
59. Los Angeles Times, “Little Tokyo Lid Clamped,” December 14, 1941, 1D.
60. Hyung-chan Kim, edit., Asian Americans and the Supreme Court: A Documentary History (Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1992), 44.
61. Associated Press, “Japanese Report All-Out Land and Air Offensive Aimed to Capture Hongkong,” Baltimore Sun, December 15, 1941, 2; United Press, “Enemy Force In Northern Luzon Halted,” Washington Post, December 11, 1941, 1.
62. Associated Press, “Japanese Drive Forcing British to Quit Kowoloon,” Christian Science Monitor, December 15, 1941, 1.
63. Associated Press, “King George Marks 46th Birthday,” Los Angeles Times, December 15, 1941, 2.
64. Canadian Press, “Jungle Fight Is Confused in Malaya,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada), December 15, 1941, 1.
65. Associated Press, “Philippines Declare Emergency State,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada), December 15, 1941, 3; Canadian Press, “Thailand Is Enemy Occupied Country,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada), December 15, 1941, 3.
66. United Press, “How Tables Turned,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada), December 15, 1; Robert C. Freeman and Jon R. Felt, German Saints at War (Springville, UT: Cedar Fort, 2008), 205.
67. Associated Press, “New Gains Reported, British Forces Seek Showdown in Libya,” Washington Evening Star, December 15, 1941, B15; Associated Press, “Indian Troops Reported Repulsing Nazi Forces,” Washington Evening Star, December 15, 1941, B15.
68. Associated Press, “Marines Are Holding Firm on Tiny Island Despite Air Attacks,” Atlanta Constitution, December 15, 1941, 1.
69. Associated Press, “80,000 Serbs Hold Germans,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada), December 15, 1941, 2.
70. Associated Press, “Guerrillas Immobilize 24 Axis Divisions, Greeks Report,” Washington Evening Star, December 15, 1941, A4.
71. Richard L. Strout, “Key Post Seen in Government Seen Probable for Wilkie,” Christian Science Monitor, December 15, 1941, 3.
72. Richard L. Strout, “Key Post Seen in Government Seen Probable for Wilkie,” Christian Science Monitor, December 15, 1941, 3.
73. Washington Evening Star, “Arnold Named to Be Lieutenant General; 14 Others Promoted,” December 15, 1941, B9.
74. Eleanor Roosevelt, “My Day: Ingenuity Replaces Lack of Material,” Atlanta Constitution, December 15, 1941, 14.
75. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “FDR: Day by Day—The Pare Lorentz Chronology,” December 15, 1941.
76. Joseph C. Harsch, “Blackouts Find Honolulu Ready for Any Challenge,” Christian Science Monitor, December 15, 1941, 1.
77. Associated Press, “First Air Passengers Arrive from Hawaii,” Washington Evening Star, December 15, 1941, B18; United Press, “Honolulu Back on Air,” New York Times, December 15, 1941, 4.
78. Associated Press, “Rose Bowl Game to Be Played at Duke,” Washington Evening Star, December 15, 1941, A1.
79. Associated Press, “Launchings Lose Fanfare to Save Money and Time,” Washington Evening Star, December 15, 1941, A8.
80. Washington Evening Star, “Two Men From District Area Killed in Pacific, Navy Says,” December 15, 1941, A2.
81. Associated Press, “City Which Gave One Son in ’18 Lost Three in Hawaii,” Washington Evening Star, December 15, 1941, A7.
82. David Lawrence, “Hawaii Attack Held Jap Blunder,” Washington Evening Star, December 15, 1941, A11.
CHAPTER 16: THE SIXTEENTH OF DECEMBER
1. Time, “Wandering Jews,” December 15, 1941, 67.
2. Time, “Wandering Jews,” December 15, 1941, 67.
3. Time, “Wandering Jews,” December 15, 1941, 67.
4. Christian Science Monitor, “Fading Lisbon ‘Liberty Beacon’ Halts Exodus to America,” December 15, 1941, 7.
5. Christian Science Monitor, “Fading Lisbon ‘Liberty Beacon’ Halts Exodus to America,” December 15, 1941, 7.
6. Washington Evening Star, “Stores Here Report Brisk Demand for Blackout Cloth,” December 15, 1941, B1.
7. Christian Science Monitor, “Air Shelter Market Booms in New York,” December 16, 1941, 6.
8. Boston Globe, “Parents! Read This!” December 15, 1941, 11.
9. Christian Science Monitor, “Child Registration Planned by U.S.,” December 16, 1941, 6.
10. Christian Science Monitor, “Strict Wartime Restrictions Imposed on All Ship Traffic in and Out of Boston; Departures and Arrivals Banned During Night Hours,” December 16, 1941, 2.
11. Christian Science Monitor, “Weather Data Restricted As ‘War Secret,’” December 16, 1941, 2.
12. Christian Science Monitor, “Birth Control Hearing Jan. 29,” December 15, 1941, 2.
13. Christian Science Monitor, “Replanning of South End Urged,” December 16, 1941, 5.
14. Christian Science Monitor, “Great Throng Gives $35,000 to Aid Russia,” December 15, 1941, 5.
15. Christian Science Monitor, “Great Throng Gives $35,000 to Aid Russia,” December 15, 1941, 5.
16. Ella Winter, Red Virtue: Human Relations in the New Russia (New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1933).
17. Boston Globe, “Firewomen of Bay State Lead Nation,” December 15, 1941, 1.
18. Washington Evening Star, “Dartmouth Speedup to End School Year by May 10,” December 15, 1941, B9.
19. Birmingham (AL) News, “University Students Urged to Keep Calm During War Crisis,” December 15, 1941, 6.
20. New York Times, “Yale Pledges Support of War,” December 15, 1941, 17.
21. New York Times, “War Work Rushed at City Colleges,” December 15, 1941, 14.
22. Atlanta Constitution, “Wants U.S. to Win If It Can—But Don’t Deprive Her of a Man,” December 15, 1941, 2.
23. Washington Evening Star, “Snow Clearance Parking Ban Goes into Effect,” December 15, 1941, B1.
24. Christian Science Monitor, “U.S. Jews to Rally to Full Aid of Allies” December 15, 1941, 9.
25. James W. Fawcett, “3,000 Here Join in Prayers for Victory, Peace,” Washington Evening Star, December 15, 1941, B1.
26. James W. Fawcett, “3,000 Here Join in Prayers for Victory, Peace,” Washington Evening Star, December 15, 1941, B1.
27. Los Angeles Times, “Catholics End Prayer Ritual: Processional Honoring Our Lady of Guadalupe Climaxes Peace Services,” December 15, 1941, A1.
28. Atlanta Constitution, “Minister Resigns; Opposed to War,” December 15, 1941, 8.
29. New York Times, “Kerrl, Dictator of Reich Churches,” December 15, 1941, 19.
30. Christian Science Monitor “Draft Unlikely for Men over 35,” December 15, 1941, 8.
31. Associated Press, “After All, It Seems Swimming Might Be Handy for Sailors,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 15, 1941, 13.
32. New York Times, “Sunday Recruiting Amazes Officers,” December 15, 1941, 17.
33. Atlanta Constitution, “Domei Writer Denounces Jap Attack on U.S.,” December 15, 1941, 8.
34. Atlanta Constitution, “Domei Writer Denounces Jap Attack on U.S.,” December 15, 1941, 8.
35. Associated Press, “Boy, 16, Army Veteran, Gets His Discharge,” Atlanta Constitution, December 15, 1941, 9.
36. United Press, “Roads Drop Leave Plan,” New York Times, December 17, 1941, 30.
37. Washington Evening Star, “Defense Sidelights,” December 15, 1941, B21.
38. New York Times, “‘Date Seekers’ Are Barred at Enrollment of Boys and Girls for Service in Air Raids,” December 15, 1941, 16.
39. Associated Press, “Work Exemption,” Christian Science Monitor, December 16, 1941, 5.
40. Wall Street Journal, “The Electrical Industry,” December 16, 1941, 7.
41. New York Times, “All Help Pledged by Organizations,” December 15, 1941, 15.
42. New York Times, “Chief Boatswain Killed,” December 15, 1941, 15.
43. Christian Science Monitor, “More Japs,” December 6, 1941, 8.
44. Associated Press, “Leahy Is Mentioned as Pacific Coordinator,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 15, 1941, 7.
45. Los Angeles Times, “Daylight Plan for City Advocated,” December 16, 1941, 1.
46. Christian Science Monitor, “Short Wave Listening Posts Vital Sources of War News,” December 16, 1941, 8.
47. Dewey L. Fleming, “Half of U.S. Income to Go for War Effort Under Roosevelt Plan,” Baltimore Sun, December 31, 1941, 1.
48. Dewey L. Fleming, “Half of U.S. Income to Go for War Effort Under Roosevelt Plan,” Baltimore Sun, December 31, 1941, 1.
49. New York Times, “Display Ad 21,” December 15, 1941, 17.
50. Wide World, “Figuring Your Income Tax (No. 1),” Birmingham (AL) News, December 15, 1941, 13.
51. New York Times, “Held Under Sedition Act,” December 15, 1941, 8.
52. Christian Science Monitor, “Moviegoer Is Fined for Booing President,” December 16, 1941, 3.
53. Christian Science Monitor, “Children Spurn Flag, Mother Gets a Year,” December 16, 1941, 9.
54. Associated Press, “U.S. Prepares to Seize Billion in Enemy Assets,” Washington Post, December 16, 1941, 15.
55. Christian Science Monitor, “Office of Bund Seized by U.S.,” December 16, 1941, 9.
56. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum of Summary of West Coast and Honolulu Reports by Munson Etc.,” December 16, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
57. Christian Science Monitor, “‘Ad Men’ Told of Hug Task of Business,” December 16, 1941, 2.
58. Christian Science Monitor, “Price Curb Vital to Win War Declares Senate,” December 16, 1941, 1.
59. Associated Press, “Farm Bloc Endangers Price Controls,” Wall Street Journal, December 16, 1941, 3.
60. Los Angeles Times, “Live Projectile Falls in Yard,” December 15, 1941, 1.
61. Yuma (AZ) Daily Sun, “New Powers Voted For President,” December 16, 1941, 1.
62. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “FDR: Day by Day—The Pare Lorentz Chronology,” December 10, 1941.
63. Associated Press, “Blast Hongkong as British Defy Surrender Edict,” Chicago Daily Tribune, December 15, 1941, 4.
64. Associated Press, “Blast Hongkong as British Defy Surrender Edict,” Chicago Daily Tribune, December 15, 1941, 4.
65. Christian Science Monitor “Fading Lisbon ‘Liberty Beacon’ Halts Exodus to America,” December 16, 1941, 7.
66. Christian Science Monitor “Tojo tells Japanese Diet U.S. & British Fleets ‘Crushed,’” December 16, 1941, 7.
67. Christian Science Monitor “Plan for Joint War Council Speeded by Allied Nations,’” December 16, 1941, 10.
68. Christian Science Monitor “Tojo tells Japanese Diet U.S. & British Fleets ‘Crushed,’” December 16, 1941, 7.
69. Christian Science Monitor, “Yamamoto Planned Assault; Seeks to Take Whitehouse,” December 16, 1941, 7.
70. Christian Science Monitor, “Army Flier Tells How He Downed Four Enemy Planes in Hawaii Attack,” December 16, 1941, 8.
71. Christian Science Monitor, “Yamamoto Planned Assault; Seeks to Take Whitehouse,” December 16, 1941, 7.
72. Christian Science Monitor, “Educators Take Up Project of Planning World Peace,” December 16, 1941, 3.
CHAPTER 17: THE SEVENTEENTH OF DECEMBER
1. Christian Science Monitor, “A Penny a Plane Bad News for Axis,” December 16, 1941, 8.
2. New York Times, “Start Fund for a New Arizona,” December 17, 1941, 3.
3. Christian Science Monitor, “Donations of Cash to Beat Japan Range From One Cent Up to $200,” December 17th, 1941, 3.
4. Christian Science Monitor, “Reading Girl to Santa: Every Nation Be Free,” December 17, 1941, 4.
5. Christian Science Monitor, “Aviation Books Free to All Young Fliers,” December 17, 1941, 3.
6. New York Times, “Congress Speeds Huge War Effort,” December 17, 1941, 7.
7. Baltimore Sun, “Big Defense Fees Told By Corcoran,” December 17, 1941, 8.
8. Robert De Vore, “Large Arms Manufacturer Is Linked to Defense Lobby,” Washington Post, December 3, 1941, 1.
9. Washington Evening Star, “Corcoran Reveals $65,000 Contract Fee,” December 16, 1941, 1.
10. Christian Science Monitor, “Corcoran Denies Any Fee Concerning Defense Contracts,” December 16, 1941, 10.
11. Merrel W. Whittlesey, “Tee to Green . . .” Washington Post, April 19, 1942, 5.
12. Gibson, Truman K.; Steve Huntley, Knocking Down Barriers: My Fight for Black America. (Chicago: Northwestern University Press, 2005).
13. Francis E. Stan, “Baseball’s Old Fox Picks Up a Package,” Washington Evening Star, December 16, 1941, A-17.
14. Los Angeles Times, “Shrine Game to New Orleans,” December 17, 1941, 21.
15. Bill Boni, “Tom Harmon Chosen Outstanding Male Athlete of Year in Poll,” Atlanta Constitution, December 10, 1940, 21.
16. Hy Hurwitz, “Fear Baseball Leagues Will Suspend in ’42,” Boston Globe, December 17, 1941, 1.
17. Larry Wolters, “W-G-N Program Features Oath by Six Recruits,” Chicago Tribune, December 20, 1941, 14; Larry Wolters, “Theme of Radio in 1942: ‘Keep ’Em Rolling!’” Chicago Tribune, January 4, 1942, S4.
18. Christian Science Monitor, “Pearl Harbor Widows’ Pension to Be Raised to Wartime Level,” December 17, 1941, 9.
19. Christian Science Monitor, “Pearl Harbor Widows’ Pension to Be Raised to Wartime Level,” December 17, 1941, 9.
20. New York Times, “German-Born Parents Lose Sons in Hawaii,” December 17, 1941, 11.
21. New York Times, “Midget Submarine Has 2 Torpedoes”, December 17, 1941, 8.
22. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum for the President From the Secretary of the Navy Regarding Assets in the Pacific,” December 20, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
23. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum for the President From the Secretary of the Navy Regarding Assets in the Pacific,” December 20, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
24. Associated Press, “New Air Attack by Japanese Aimed at Philippine Sea Base,” Christian Science Monitor, December 16, 1941, 8.
25. Christian Science Monitor, “Americans in Air and Sea Attacks but Foe Gains in Borneo and Hong Kong,” December 17, 1941, 1.
26. Christian Science Monitor, “Hong Kong and Singapore in Serious Danger?” December 16, 1941, 1.
27. Hanson W. Baldwin, “The Threat to Singapore,” New York Times, December 17, 1941, 8.
28. Walter Trohan, “Enemy Warships Shell 2 Isles in Hawaiian Area,” Chicago Tribune, December 17, 1941, 2.
29. Associated Press, “Hong Kong Is Facing Threat,” Rock Hill Herald, December 16, 1941, 1.
30. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “First Priority of Military Strategy,” December 19, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
31. Hanson W. Baldwin, “The Threat to Singapore,” New York Times, December 17, 1941, 8.
32. Washington Post, “Bomb Kills 6 Gestapo Men in Paris,” December 17, 1941, 3.
33. Associated Press, “Indian Heroes, British Officer Stem Japanese,” Atlanta Constitution, December 15, 1941, 4.
34. Washington Post, “Singapore and Hongkong Peril Admitted,” December 17, 1941, 4.
35. United Press, “Hitler at Berchtesgaden, Nerves Torn, Turks Hear,” New York Times, December 17, 1941, 13.
36. Associated Press, “Germans Wreck Shrines of Three Famed Russians,” Chicago Tribune, December 17, 1941, 14.
37. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum from the British Embassy to President Roosevelt Regarding Operational Events Covering the 4th to 11th December, 1941,” December 17, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
38. Porter Barclay, “Nazis Take Stern Measures to Nazify Conquered Youth; Polish Children Executed,” Lethbridge (CA) Herald, December 17, 1941, Back Page.
39. Hanson W. Baldwin, “The Threat to Singapore,” New York Times, December 17, 1941, 8.
40. New York Times, “Tokyo Version of U.S. ‘Losses’,” December 17, 1941, 11.
41. New York Times, “4 Young Ensigns Take Ship to Sea in Pursuit of Japs,” December 17, 1941, 10.
42. New York Times, “1917 Powers Voted,” December 17, 1941, 1.
43. Washington Evening Star, “Congress Expected to Delay Inquiry on Pearl Harbor,” December 16, 1941, A-6.
44. Associated Press, “News by Knox Held Amazing,” Los Angeles Times, December 16, 1941, 1A.
45. New York Times, “Hawaiian, With Three Bullet Wounds, Beats Japanese Airman to Death Against a Wall,” December 17, 1941, 7.
46. Clarice B. Taylor, “Hawaiian Woman Slays Jap Pilot,” Washington Post, December 17, 1941, 1.
47. Joseph G. Harrison, “War Powers Granted President; Army-Navy Shake-Up in Pacific?” Christian Science Monitor, December 17, 1941, 1.
48. Joseph G. Harrison, “War Powers Granted President; Army-Navy Shake-Up in Pacific?” Christian Science Monitor, December 17, 1941, 1.
49. Associated Press, “Pearl Harbor Raid Probers Appointed,” Atlanta Constitution, December 17, 1941, 1.
50. Husband E. Kimmel, Admiral Kimmel’s Story (Chicago, IL: Henry Regnery Company, 1955), 78.
51. Joseph G. Harrison, “War Powers Granted President; Army-Navy Shake-Up in Pacific?,” Christian Science Monitor, December 17, 1941, 1.
52. International News Service, “The President’s Day,” Washington Post, December 17, 1941, 2.
53. New York Times, “1917 Powers Voted,” December 17, 1941, 1.
54. New York Times, “1917 Powers Voted,” December 17, 1941, 1.
55. Arthur Krocks, “Hull Warning Unheeded?” New York Times, December 17, 1941, 4.
56. Boston Globe, “F.D. Labor-Industry Address,” December 18, 1941, 9.
57. New York Times, “Aid in War Voted By Longshoremen,” December 17, 1941, 22.
58. Boston Globe, “Rationing Starts on Jan. 4 for Automobile Tires,” December 18, 1941, 33.
59. Christian Science Monitor, “Don’t Neglect Your Pets During Air Raids,” December 17, 1941, 3.
60. New York Times, “Siren Tests Today; Blast of 15 Minutes Real Raid Warning,” December 17, 1941, 1.
61. Los Angeles Times, “Daylight Time Plan for City Advocated,” December 16, 1941, 1.
62. Christian Science Monitor, “Australians Give Up Liberty to Assure Defense of Liberty,” December 17, 1941, 9.
63. New York Times, “1917 Powers Voted,” December 17, 1941, 1.
64. Nevada State Journal, “Censor Plan on Out-Going Data Slated,” December 17, 1941, 1.
65. Los Angeles Times, “Prompt War Censorship Planned by President,” December 17, 1941, 11.
66. International News Service, “The President’s Day,” Washington Post, December 17, 1941, 2.
67. David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War (New York; Alfred A. Knopf, 1988), 105.
68. Associated Press, “No More Arrests Coming for Alleged Sedition,” Christian Science Monitor, December 17, 1941, 9.
69. New York Times, “1917 Powers Voted,” December 17, 1941, 1.
70. Everett R. Holles, “Roosevelt Finds Military Strategy Doing Very Well,” Washington Post, December 17, 1941, 1.
71. International News Service, “The President’s Day,” Washington Post, December 17, 1941, 2.
72. New York Times, “1917 Powers Voted,” December 17, 1941, 1.
73. Atlanta Constitution, “All Divisions Participate in Bonds’ Rally,” December 17, 1941, 13.
74. Wall Street Journal, “Plans Being Drafted for Wartime Control of Capital if Need Arise,” December 17, 1941, 3.
75. “History: B-17 Flying Fortress,” Boeing.com, 1995–2011. http://boeing.com/history/boeing/b17.html.
76. Associated Press, “First ‘Fabricated’ Bomber Ready Soon After Jan. 1,” New York Times, December 17, 1941, 16.
CHAPTER 18: THE EIGHTEENTH OF DECEMBER
1. Wall Street Journal, “U.S. Flag Prices Up; Material Scarcities Slow Down Production,” December 17, 1941, 1.
2. Associated Press, “Hawaii Buries U.S. Dead Until Peace,” Washington Post, December 18, 1941, 11.
3. Chicago Daily Tribune, “Army, Navy Dead Buried in Hawaii Until War’s End,” December 17, 1941, 1.
4. Chicago Daily Tribune, “Army, Navy Dead Buried in Hawaii Until War’s End,” December 17, 1941, 1.
5. Associated Press, “Hawaii Buries U.S. Dead Until Peace,” Washington Post, December 18, 1941, 11.
6. Eugene Burns, “In the Quiet Hills of Honolulu America’s Finest Laid to Rest,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 17, 1941, 1.
7. Eugene Burns, “In the Quiet Hills of Honolulu America’s Finest Laid to Rest,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 17, 1941, 1.
8. Eugene Burns, “In the Quiet Hills of Honolulu America’s Finest Laid to Rest,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 17, 1941, 1.
9. Washington Evening Star, “Mass at Georgetown Honors First Alumnus to Die in War,” December 18, B1.
10. Birmingham (AL) News, “Birmingham Youth on U.S.S. Arizona,” December 17, 1941, 21.
11. Birmingham (AL) News, “Tarrant Couple Told of Son’s Death in Conflict With Japs,” December 17, 1941, 22.
12. Birmingham (AL) News, “Birmingham Negro is Killed in Action,” December 17, 1941, 29.
13. Birmingham (AL) News, “Julius Ellsberry,” December 18, 1941, 14.
14. Christian Science Monitor, “To the Future: A Tribute to U.S. War Hero,” December 18, 1941, 1.
15. United Press, “Hawaii Raid Inquiry Opens,” Los Angeles Times, December 18, 1941, 1A.
16. John G. Norris, “Nimitz Replaces Kimmel; Emmons Made Successor to Gen. Short” Washington Post, December 18, 1941, 1.
17. William Manchester, American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur 1880–1964 (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1978), 149to Go for War Effort152.
18. Husband E. Kimmel, Admiral Kimmel’s Story (Chicago: Henry Regnery Company, 1955), v.
19. David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988), 86.
20. Richard M. Ketchum, The Borrowed Years (New York: Random House, 1989), 730.
21. Mark S. Watson, “Three Highest Officers Relieved of Commands; Successors Appointed,” Baltimore Sun, December 18, 1941, 1.
22. United Press, “Two Generals Also Removed,” Los Angeles Times, December 18, 1941, 1.
23. Associated Press, “Army, Navy Oust Commanders in Charge During Hawaii Attack,” Atlanta Constitution, December 18, 1941, 1.
24. Walter Trohan, “Oust Pearl Harbor Chiefs,” Chicago Daily Tribune, December 18, 1941, 1.
25. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “FDR: Day by Day—The Pare Lorentz Chronology,” December 18, 1941.
26. Associated Press, “Allies Occupy Portuguese Base as Japan Gains,” Christian Science Monitor, December 18, 1941, 1.
27. Associated Press, “Allies Occupy Portuguese Base as Japan Gains,” Christian Science Monitor, December 18, 1941, 1.
28. Frank Hewlett, “Motorized Force Lured to Trap; Foe’s Casualties Heavy,” Washington Post, December 18, 1941, 1.
29. Christian Science Monitor, “Sarawak and North Borneo: Rich Lands in Vast Jungle,” December 18, 1941, 6.
30. Christian Science Monitor, “Sarawak and North Borneo: Rich Lands in Vast Jungle,” December 18, 1941, 6.
31. Wall Street Journal, “OPM “Freezes” All U.S. Tin Supplies in Sweeping Control Over Imports and Deliveries; Year’s Stock on Hand,” December 18, 1941, 3.
32. Wall Street Journal, “U.S. Assumes Control of California’s Oil Industry to Safeguard War Supplies,” December 18, 1941, 2.
33. Wall Street Journal, “Laundry Machinery Firms Will Receive Large War Orders,” December 18, 1941, 6.
34. Wall Street Journal, “Business Bulletin,” December 18, 1941, 1.
35. Washington Post, “Storm Battered North California,” December 18, 1941, 6.
36. New York Times, “Golf Ball Rush Causes Rationing,” December 19, 1941, 27.
37. Bob Smyser, “Scene of Pro Bowl Game Shifted to New York,” Los Angeles Time, December 19, 1941, 19.
38. New York Times, “Ship Is Here With Exiles,” December 17, 1941, 24.
39. Associated Press, “6 Die as Navy Plane Crashes in No. Carolina,” Washington Post, December 18, 1941, 7.
40. Washington Post, “Hunt Pressed for Plane Lost with General,” December 19, 1941, 1.
41. Associated Press, “Submarine Attacked on Pacific Coast, General Discloses,” Los Angeles Times, December 18, 1941, 1.
42. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum for the President from J.R. Beardall on Naval Aircraft Bombs,” December 18, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
43. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum for the President from J.R. Beardall on Naval Aircraft Bombs,” December 18, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
44. Associated Press, “Cubans Discover German Plot to Signal Planes,” Washington Post, December 18, 1941, 2.
45. Hedley Donovan, “Conference at Rio Set for January 15,” Washington Post, December 18, 1941, 5.
46. Washington Evening Star, “Defense Bond Sales Soar 146% in Week,” December 18, 1941, D6.
47. Harlan V. Hadley, “Auto Series,” Wall Street Journal, December 18, 1941, 5.
48. Harlan V. Hadley, “Auto Series,” Wall Street Journal, December 18, 1941, 5.
49. Christian Science Monitor, “Status of Enemy Aliens Is Given by U.S. Attorney,” December 18, 1941, 2.
50. New York Times, “Trade Promoter for Reich Seized,” December 20, 1941, 7.
51. David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988), 27.
52. Christian Science Monitor, “Status of Enemy Aliens Is Given by U.S. Attorney,” December 18, 1941, 2.
53. Christian Science Monitor, “Status of Enemy Aliens Is Given by U.S. Attorney,” December 18, 1941, 2.
54. Christian Science Monitor, “Status of Enemy Aliens Is Given by U.S. Attorney,” December 18, 1941, 2.
55. Christian Science Monitor, “Status of Enemy Aliens Is Given by U.S. Attorney,” December 18, 1941, 2.
56. Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada), “Compulsory Registration of All Japanese Is Now Provided For,” December 18, 1941, 13.
57. Associated Press, “1,035 Jap Boots Tied Up in British Columbia,” Washington Evening Star, December 18, 1941, A20.
58. Associated Press, “FBI Seizes Jap Aide In Chicago,” Baltimore Sun, December 18, 1941, 2.
59. David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988), 87.
60. Associated Press, “Nazi Diplomats Held in Hotel,” Christian Science Monitor, December 18, 1941, 9.
61. Associated Press, “Swiss Now Represent U.S. in All Belligerent Countries,” Christian Science Monitor December 18, 1941, 9.
62. Associated Press, “Husbands of Working Wives Face Induction Into Army,” Christian Science Monitor, December 18, 1941, 3.
63. Associated Press, “Husbands of Working Wives Face Induction Into Army,” Christian Science Monitor, December 18, 1941, 3.
64. Associated Press, “Husbands of Working Wives Face Induction Into Army,” Christian Science Monitor, December 18, 1941, 3.
65. Associated Press, “University to Credit Students in Services,” Christian Science Monitor, December 18, 1941, 3.
66. United Press, “Japanese-Americans Enlist in U.S. Army,” Christian Science Monitor, December 18, 1941, 3.
67. Washington Post, “Nurses May Be Drafted to Meet Greatest War-Time Demand in Nation’s History,” December 18, 1941, 9.
68. Christian Science Monitor, “Snapshots in Color for All,” December 18, 1941, 8.
69. Christian Science Monitor, “Toy Makers Race to Fill Yule Orders,” December 18, 1941, 5.
CHAPTER 19: THE NINETEENTH OF DECEMBER
1. Associated Press, “Allies are Holding Conferences,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada), December 19, 1941, 1.
2. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum of Agreement: Supreme War Council,” December, 19, 1941, Hyde Park, NY, 1–4.
3. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum of Agreement: Supreme War Council,” 1-4, December, 19, 1941, Hyde Park, NY, 1.
4. Washington Post, “Nimitz, War Chiefs Map New Strategy,” December 19, 1941, 2.
5. International News Service, “The President’s Day,” Washington Post, December 19, 1941, 2.
6. Los Angeles Times, “Camps in West to House Aliens,” December 19, 1941, 9.
7. Christian Science Monitor, “Enemy Aliens Will Be Kept in Camps in the Southwest,” December 19, 1941, 8.
8. Christian Science Monitor, “Enemy Aliens Will Be Kept in Camps in the Southwest,” December 19, 1941, 8.
9. Los Angeles Times, “Roundup of Axis Aliens Jails 442,” December 19, 1941, 8.
10. Christian Science Monitor, “Enemy Aliens Will Be Kept in Camps in the Southwest,” December 19, 1941, 8.
11. Washington Post, “Laura Ingalls Jailed in D.C. as Nazi Agent,” December 19, 1941, 1.
12. Washington Post, “Laura Ingalls Jailed in D.C. as Nazi Agent,” December 19, 1941, 1.
13. Royal Arch Gunnison, “Japanese to Find Navy Using Offensive Defense in Far East,” Washington Evening Star, December 18, 1941, A-21.
14. Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada), “War Shots from Far East: Manila,” December 19, 1941, 5.
15. Associated Press, “Hit-and-Run Planes Raid Vital Area,” Baltimore Sun, December 19, 1941, 1.
16. Associated Press, “U.S. Subs Sink Transport, Torpedo Jap Destroyer,” Boston Globe, December 19, 1941, 1.
17. Canadian Press, “News Contact With Island Now Cut Off,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada), December 19, 1941, 1.
18. Associated Press, “Japs Meanwhile Strike Fierce New Blows in Pacific,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 18, 1941, 1.
19. New York Times, “Japanese Advance in Malayan Drive,” December 19, 1941, 6.
20. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum from Dillon to FDR,” Box 2, a1bb01, December 19, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
21. Christian Science Monitor, “British Garrison Evacuates Penang; Cavite and Wake Attacked Again; U.S. Troops reported at Singapore,” December 19, 1941, 1.
22. New York Times, “American Flier Crashed His Plane Into Enemy Ship Off Philippines,” December 19, 1941, 6.
23. Christian Science Monitor, “Two Cruisers, Destroyer Lost By Italians,” December 19, 1941, 7.
24. Jack B. Beardwood, Associated Press, “If Canal Is Bombed—Pacific War Focuses New Attention on Historic Straits of Magellan,” Washington Post, December 19, 1941, 9.
25. United Press, “Macarthur Is Nominated for General’s Rank,” Yuma (AZ) Daily Sun, December 19, 1941, 1.
26. Washington Post, “MacArthur’s Promotion,” December 21, 1941, 6.
27. Associated Press, “Dogfish Harassed Dunedin Survivors,” Washington Post, December 19, 1941, 12.
28. Edward Shorter, Bedside Manners (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1985), 181.
29. Paul Mallon, “Civilian Life Change Seen in 60 Days,” The Hartford Courant, December 18, 1941, 3.
30. Boston Globe, “Eels for Hyphenated Americans Arrive to Christmas Marts,” December 19, 1941, 12.
31. Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada), “War Dries Up Imported Liquers,” December 19, 1941, 2.
32. Los Angeles Times, “Fake Wardens Hit for Tactics in Blackout,” December 18, 1941, 6.
33. Los Angeles Times, “Crack Riflemen Form Corps of Minute Men,” December 18, 1941, Part II-5.
34. Washington Post, “First Official U.S. War Poster,” December 19, 1941, 10.
35. New York Times, “Poster Depicting Army Pursuit Ship Wins ‘Keep ’Em Flying’ Contest to Aid Recruiting,” December 19, 1941, 5.
36. Washington Post, “Need Stressed for Chaplains,” December 19, 1941, 16.
37. Washington Post, “Catholics Back ‘War for Peace,’” December 19, 1941, 16.
38. Washington Evening Star, “Pictures,” December 18, 1941, A10.
39. David Lawrence, “Money Dims Halo About New Dealers,” Washington Evening Star, December 18, 1941, D-8.
40. Robert De Vore, “Firm With $42,500 Capital Shared $34,000,000 War Jobs,” Washington Post, December 19, 1941, 1.
41. Harold Heffernan, “A Moving Performance: Stars Applaud Jimmy Stewart’s Bill of Rights Radio Stint,” Washington Evening Star, December 18, 1941, D4.
42. Wall Street Journal, “Washington Wire,” December 19, 1941, 1.
43. Charles Hurd, “Army Will Close Volunteer Rolls,” New York Times, December 19, 1941, 5.
44. Baltimore Sun, “Men and Women Stenographers Sought for War Office Jobs,” December 19, 1941, 7.
45. Baltimore Sun, “Senate Passes 19-to-45 Draft With Only Two Dissenting,” December 19, 1941, 12.
46. Christian Science Monitor, “North Carolina Town Entertains the Army,” December 19, 1941, 3.
47. Harold Martin, “Doesn’t Take Book Learning to Shoot a Rifle, Says York,” Atlanta Constitution, December 19, 1941, 8.
48. Ruth Cowan, Associated Press, “Roosevelts to Have Christmas as Usual Despite A.A. Guns,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 19, 1941, 49.
49. Birmingham (AL) News, “More Alabamians Killed in Jap War,” December 19, 1941, 51.
50. Wall Street Journal, “Future of Television Discussed in Capital,” December 19, 1941, 6.
51. Christian Science Monitor, “State Governments Mobilize Strength Behind War Effort,” December 19, 1941, 1.
52. New York Times, “Wire Control Approved,” December 19, 1941, 6.
53. Associated Press, “Senators Urge Daylight Savings,” New York Times, December 19, 1941, 4.
54. New York Times, “Laws To Enforce Blackouts Urged,” December 19, 1941, 18.
55. New York Times, “Mayor Off to Washington; Defense Job Under Fire,” December 19, 1941, 22.
56. United Press, “War Costing U.S. $729 Per Second; Next Year, $1400,” Yuma (AZ) Daily Sun, December 19, 1941, 1.
57. Louis M. Lyons, “New England Colleges Move to War Footing,” Boston Evening Globe, December 19, 1941, 5.
58. Associated Press, “30 Minutes Warning and Japs Would Have Lost at Honolulu,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 19, 1941, 1.
59. United Press, “Know Warns Japs Have Largest Naval Force in Western Pacific,” Yuma (AL) Daily Sun, December 19, 1941, 1.
CHAPTER 20: THE TWENTIETH OF DECEMBER
1. Boston Evening Globe, “Hong Kong Doomed,” December 20, 1941, 1.
2. Winston Churchill, The Gathering Storm (New York: Rosetta Books, 2002), 562.
3. Boston Daily Globe, “Flying Santa Claus Grounded by War,” December 20, 1941, 6.
4. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Library and Museum, “Memorandum For The President from the Director of the Selective Service Regarding Men in Defense-Related Jobs, Recruiting and the Draft,” December 20, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
5. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Library and Museum, “Summary of Report on Program For Loyal West Coast Japanese from John Franklin Carter,” December 19, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
6. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Library and Museum, “Secretary of the Navy Knox to President Roosevelt Regarding Trans-Pacific Netherlands Shipping,” December 20, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
7. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Library and Museum, “Memorandum Regarding Sharing Information From Moscow Between London and Washington,” December 20, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
8. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Library and Museum, “Memorandum Regarding the Soviet Post-War Desire to Expand into the Baltic States and Further West,” December 20, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
9. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Library and Museum, “Memorandum from the Office of the Legal Advisor of the State Department Regarding Legalities Surrounding Declarations of War and Peace,” December 20, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
10. Baltimore Sun, “Bares Axis Spying in Latin America,” December 20, 1941, 9.
11. Associated Press, “Thousands of Enemy Agents Are Active in Southern Continent,” Atlanta Constitution, December 20, 1941, 1, 87
12. Boston Evening Globe, “United Press Editors Place Soviet War High,” December 20, 1941, 1.
13. Associated Press, “Marshall, Wife Get Full Custody of Girls,” Washington Post, December 20, 1941, 15.
14. Associated Press, “National Debt Tops 57 Billion,” Los Angeles Times, December 20, 1941, 2.
15. Washington Evening Star, “Workers Are Wanted to Help Fix Damage at Pearl Harbor,” December 19, 1941, B-1.
16. New York Times, “Plant to Produce New Dive Bombers,” December 19, 1941, 17.
17. Washington Post, “Navy Seizes Scarce Materials Worth a Million,” December 20, 1941, 15.
18. Washington Evening Star, “Navy Takes Over Four of Gulf’s Finest Yachts,” December 20, 1941, 16.
19. Wall Street Journal, “Roosevelt’s Powers Already Greater Than Any Previous President’s With More On the Way,” December 20, 1941, 1.
20. Wall Street Journal, “Streamlining of OPM Activities to Speed Arms Work Taking Form,” December 20, 1941, 4.
21. Washington Post, “Many More to Go; Government Will Aid Those Moving,” December 20, 1941, 1.
22. Washington Post, “Senior Scouts Start Civilian Defense Move,” December 20, 1941, 15.
23. New York Times, “Air Training Plan for U.S. Boys Seen,” December 20, 1941, 5.
24. Washington Post, “D.C. Committee of 70 Set Up to Direct Salvage of Scrap,” December 20, 1941, 17.
25. New York Times, “Blind Now Aiding Defense Program,” December 19, 1941, 21.
26. Associated Press, “Coast Harbor Defender Calls For Dog Recruits,” Baltimore Sun, December 20, 1941, 8.
27. New York Times, “Public Notices and Commercial Notices,” December 19, 1941, 2.
28. New York Times, “Japanese Bomb Philippine Port,” December 19, 1941, 4.
29. Yuma Daily Sun, “San Quentin Men Volunteer for Suicide Squad,” December 20, 1941, 1.
30. Wall Street Journal, “Factories to Hum on Christmas Day Where Operations Aid War Effort,” December 20, 1941, 2.
31. Associated Press, “Christmas in Honolulu,” Baltimore Sun, December 20, 1941, 4.
32. Associated Press, “Christmas in Honolulu,” Baltimore Sun, December 20, 1941, 4.
33. Wall Street Journal, “Industrial Output Up, Reserve Board Says; BAE Forecasts Rise in ’42 Buying Power,” December 20, 1941, 2.
34. Wall Street Journal, “Spiegel Adopts New Sales Policy; Adds Credit Service Charge,” December 20, 1941, 3.
35. Wall Street Journal, “Shirley Temple Again,” December 20, 1941, 7.
36. Lethbridge Herald, “War Shots From Here and There,” December 20, 1941, 12.
37. Lethbridge Herald, “War Shots From Here and There,” December 20, 1941, 12.
38. Wall Street Journal, “What’s News,” December 20, 1941, 1.
39. Baltimore Sun, “British Take Derna Airport in Quick Sally,” December 20, 1941, 3.
40. Baltimore Sun, “German Division Wipe Out, Reds Say; Other Casualties Inflicted,” December 20, 1941, 1.
41. Yuma Daily Sun, “American Pilots Down Four Jap Bombers, China,” December 20, 1941, 1.
42. Washington Post, “Embattled Wake Fights Off 2 More Jap Air Attacks,” December 20, 1941, 1.
43. Boston Sunday Globe, “MacArthur’s Army,” December 21, 1941, 8.
44. Baltimore Sun, “New Marine Poster Will Be Out Next Week,” December 20, 1941, 3.
45. Baltimore Sun, “Thinks He Knows Causes of Physical Defects,” December 20, 1941, 9.
46. Associated Press, “Navy and Marine Corps Relax Recruiting Rules,” Los Angeles Times, December 20, 1941, 5.
47. Boston Sunday Globe, “MacArthur’s Army,” December 21, 1941, 8.
48. Associated Press, “More U.S. War Aid Sought by Quezon,” Baltimore Sun, December 20, 1941, 9.
49. Boston Sunday Globe, “MacArthur’s Army,” December 21, 1941, 3.
50. Associated Press, “Jap Fifth Columnists Do It With Mirrors,” Washington Post, December 20, 1941, 3.
51. International News Service, “The President’s Day,” Washington Post, December 20, 1941, 2.
52. Washington Post, “Hull Denies He Asked Navy to Lift Patrol,” December 20, 1941, 1.
53. Washington Post, “Hull Denies He Asked Navy to Lift Patrol,” December 20, 1941, 4.
CHAPTER 21: THE TWENTY-FIRST OF DECEMBER
1. Hartford Courant, “Enemy Subs Active off East, West Coasts,” December 21, 1941, 1.
2. Joseph J. Cloud, “Enemy Subs Lurking off Bothe U.S. Coasts; Two Vessels Attacked in California Waters; Adm. King Named Chief of All Our Naval Forces,” Washington Post, December 21, 1941, 1.
3. Los Angeles Times, “Jap Subs Raid California Ships,” December 21, 1941, 1.
4. Foster Hailey, “West Coast Eyes South for Enemy,” New York Times, December 22, 1941, 3.
5. Foster Hailey, “West Coast Eyes South for Enemy,” New York Times, December 22, 1941, 3.
6. Foster Hailey, “West Coast Eyes South for Enemy,” New York Times, December 22, 1941, 3.
7. Joseph J. Cloud, “Enemy Subs Lurking off Bothe U.S. Coasts; Two Vessels Attacked in California Waters; Adm. King Named Chief of All Our Naval Forces,” Washington Post, December 21, 1941, 1.
8. Associated Press, “Gen. MacArthur Out of Touch With Davao Defenders,” Boston Daily Globe, December 21, 1941, 1.
9. Associated Press, “Davao Cut Off by Jap Air and Land Attack,” Chicago Daily Tribune, December 21, 1941, 6.
10. Associated Press, “Bolo-Swinging Moros Rally to Fight Japs,” Boston Daily Globe, December 21, 1941, A10.
11. Chicago Daily Tribune, “Reveal 20 Jap Ships Engaged in Philippine Raid,” December 21, 1941, 8.
12. United Press, “Japanese Wreck Ship at Guam,” Los Angeles Times, December 21, 1941, 1A.
13. Associated Press, “Fight of British for Hongkong Wins Jap Praise,” Chicago Daily Tribune, December 21, 1941, 6.
14. Washington Post, “Allies Merge to Preserve Singapore,” December 21, 1941, 4.
15. Washington Post, “Allies Merge to Preserve Singapore,” December 21, 1941, 4.
16. Arthur Griffin, “Guns Over Boston,” Boston Daily Globe, December 21, 1941, B7.
17. Harry W. Hannery, “Germany Faces a Five-Year War,” Saturday Evening Post, December 20, 1941, 6.
18. Terry Goldsworthy, Valhalla’s Warriors: A History of the Waffen-SS on the Eastern Front 1941–1945 (Indianapolis, IN: Dog Ear Publishing, 2010), 231.
19. International News Service, “Capt. Kelly Gave Life to Save Flaming Bomber’s Crew of 6,” Washington Post, December 21, 1941, 1.
20. Associated Press, “Burma Road: American Flyers Down 4 Jap Planes in First Battle for Chinese,” Boston Daily Globe, December 21, 1941, A9.
21. Joseph L. Myler, “Supreme Council on War Planned,” Washington Post, December 21, 1941, 5.
22. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Telegram From Thurston to Hull,” December 21, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
23. James B. Reston, “Allies Link Plans in Talks This Week,” New York Times, December 22, 1941, 1.
24. James B. Reston, “Allies Link Plans in Talks This Week,” New York Times, December 22, 1941, 1.
25. New York Times, “Spartan Days Face Us, Willkie Warns,” December 21, 1941, 13.
26. Associated Press, “Willkie Boosters Suspend for War,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 6.
27. Washington Post, “Martin Puts Off GOP Meetings Because of War,” December 22, 1941, 18.
28. W. H. Lawrence, “Britain-U.S. Confer,” New York Times, December 21, 1941, 1.
29. Russell Hill, “Arab Cheers Greet British at Derna,” Washington Post, December 21, 1941, 10.
30. Baltimore Sun, “McNutt Asks Nation to Conserve Its Food,” December 20, 1941, 8.
31. Associated Press, “Price of Sugar Is ‘Frozen’ at Current Level,” Chicago Daily Tribune, December 21, 1941, 1.
32. Associated Press, “Chicago Flag Trade Booms,” Washington Post, December 21, 1941, S6.
33. George Gallup, “Defense Labor Ready to Work Longer Hours,” Washington Post, December 21, 1941, B5.
34. New York Times, “Effort of States in War Expanded,” December 20, 1941, 9.
35. Gerald G. Gross, “Washington in Wartime,” Washington Post, December 21, 1941, B3.
36. Baltimore Sun, “Plants Under Control of Axis Nationals Seized,” December 20, 1941, 8.
37. Chicago Daily Tribune, “Ships, More Ships Launched to Aid U.S. War on Seas,” December 21, 1941, 3.
38. Chicago Daily Tribune, “Makers of War Needs to Work Christmas Day,” December 20, 1941, 23.
39. Jack Bell, “Criticism in Order Still, Senators Say,” Washington Post, December 21, 1941, 13.
40. Chicago Daily Tribune, “‘U.S. Will Regain Pacific Control’—Col. M’Cormick,” December 21, 1941, 4.
41. Chicago Daily Tribune, “Japanese Tricks,” December 21, 1941, 14.
42. Boston Daily Globe, “There’s No Better Gift Than an Album of Columbia Records,” December 21, 1941, C8.
43. Washington Post, “Gay Caroling Ushers in Christmas Week,” December 22, 1941, 6.
44. Leithbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada) “How Would You Like to Bomb Germany?” December 22, 1941, 2.
45. Washington Post, “Board Selects ‘Citizen Kane’ As Best Movie of the Year,” December 22, 1941, 7.
46. Chicago Daily Tribune, “Buy Defense Bonds,” December 21, 1941, 14.
47. Chicago Daily Tribune, “350 Licenses to Wed Issued in Day, A Record,” December 21, 1941, 16.
48. Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada) “Christmas Mail Sets Record,” December 22, 1941, 6.
49. Associated Press, “Son Is Not Dead, Navy Apologizes; Gloom Vanishes,” Boston Daily Globe, December 21, 1941, A9.
50. United Press, “Navy to Give Yule Leave to All of Its Recruits,” New York Times, December 21, 1941, 13.
51. Washington Evening Star, “Admiral King New Chief of U.S. Fleet,” December 20, 1941, 1.
52. Associated Press, “Air Man Given New Navy Post; Outranks Stark,” Boston Daily Globe, December 21, 1941, C1.
53. Marshall Andrews, “New Head Noted for Strategy; Ingersoll Gets Atlantic Post,” Washington Post, December 21, 1941, 1.
54. Marshall Andrews, “New Head Noted for Strategy; Ingersoll Gets Atlantic Post,” Washington Post, December 21, 1941, 1.
55. Gerald G. Gross, “Washington in Wartime,” Washington Post, December 21, 1941, B3.
CHAPTER 22: THE TWENTY-SECOND OF DECEMBER
1. Washington Post, “Biddle Appoints Alien Enemy Board for D.C.,” December 21, 1941, 18.
2. Washington Post, “Biddle Appoints Alien Enemy Board for D.C.,” December 21, 1941, 18.
3. New York Times, “Hawaii Holds 273 as 5th Columnists,” December 22, 1941, 4.
4. Washington Post, “Enemy Aliens,” December 22, 1941, 12.
5. New York Times, “The Slanting Eye,” December 22, 1941, 16.
6. New York Times, “Gun Battle Routs Coast Saboteurs,” December 22, 1941, 3.
7. Los Angeles Times, “Car Believed Used by Gunmen Against Soldiers Located,” December 22, 1941, A1.
8. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Full Report on Program For Dealing With West Coast Japanese Problem,” December 22, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
9. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “FDR: Day by Day—The Pare Lorentz Chronology,” December 22, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
10. Life, “How To Tell Japs From The Chinese,” December 22, 1941, 81.
11. Life, “How To Tell Japs From The Chinese,” December 22, 1941, 81.
12. Washington Evening Star, “Patent Office Removal Assailed as Costly And Unwise by Congress Leaders and Lawyers,” December 21, 1941, 1.
13. Jerry Kluttz, “Several Agencies to Remain Permanently From Capital,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 1.
14. Scott Hart, “Raid Alarm Test Works Well, Except for Sirens,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 1.
15. Washington Post, “Yesterday’s Fiasco,” December 22, 1941, 12.
16. Blair Bolles, “Press No Longer Wholly Free Under War Censorship Order,” Washington Evening Star, December 21, 1941, 10.
17. Associated Press, “Broadcasters Adopt Guide for Handling America’s War News,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 22, 1941, 8.
18. New York Times, “Radio to Outlaw Rumors on War,” December 22, 1941, 14.
19. Associated Press, “She’s Looking for a Jap,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 8.
20. Yuma (AZ) Daily Sun, “Local Fliers Are Grounded by CAA,” December 22, 1941, 1.
21. Life, “Japanese Planes; How to Identify Enemy Craft That Might Attack the U.S.,” December 22, 1941.
22. Associated Press, “U.S. Vessels Are Attached,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada) December 22, 1941, 1.
23. United Press, “30 Survivors of Tanker Reach Coast; Freighter Sunk Dec. 11,” Yuma (AZ) Daily News, December 22, 1941, 1.
24. United Press, “30 Survivors of Tanker Reach Coast; Freighter Sunk Dec. 11,” Yuma (AZ) Daily News, December 22, 1941, 1.
25. Associated Press, “U.S. Tanker Captain Tries to Ram Sub,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 2.
26. Associated Press, “Reports Received of Enemy U-Boats off The West Coast,” Nevada Mail, December 22, 1941, 8.
27. Walter V. Nessly, “14 U-Boats Sunk or Hit in Atlantic Knox Says,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 1.
28. Walter V. Nessly, “14 U-Boats Sunk or Hit in Atlantic Knox Says,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 1.
29. Marshall Andrews, “Survivors of U.S. Ship Are Shelled,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 2.
30. Associated Press, “Tokyo Claims Navy Has Sunk 9 Enemy Subs,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 8.
31. Associated Press, “Japs May Have 40 Subs Able to Reach U.S.,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 2.
32. Associated Press, “Japs May Have 40 Subs Able to Reach U.S.,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 2.
33. Clark Lee, Associated Press, “Japs Try Big Landing Near Manila,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada) December 22, 1941, 1.
34. Associated Press, “U.S. Forces Ready For Attack; Control of Islands at Stake,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 1.
35. H. Ford Wilkins, Copyright by the New York Times, “Bombing of Quezon’s Home Solidifies Filipinos for U.S.,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 8.
36. Time, “The U.S. At War,” December 22, 1941, 10.
37. United Press, “King George Sends Defenders Praise and Encouragement,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 8.
38. United Press, “King George Sends Defenders Praise and Encouragement,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 8.
39. Associated Press, “British in Malaya Smash at Japanese from New Positions,” Washington Evening Star, December 22, 1941, A4.
40. Washington Post, “Heroes on Wake Hold Firm Despite Two New Attacks,” December 22, 1941, 1.
41. Associated Press, “Nazis Execute 5 Jews in Occupied France,” Boston Daily Globe, December 22, 1941, 26.
42. Associated Press, “Germany Pulling Troops Out of Occupied Norway, Sending Them to Russia And Libya,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada) December 22, 1941, 5.
43. Daniel T. Brigham, “Brauchitsch Is Out,” New York Times, December 22, 1941, 1.
44. International News Service, “Sailor Still Lives, Parents Learn After Rites Are Held,” Washington Post, December 21, 1941, 5.
45. Associated Press, “Parents of Son Killed in World War Lose 2 More at Pearl Harbor,” Baltimore Sun, December 22, 1941, 3.
46. Associated Press, “Town Mourns Deaths of Three Brothers in Honolulu Attack,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 22, 1941, 13.
47. Birmingham (AL) News, Youth Would Avenge Death of His Brother,” December 21, 1941, 1.
48. Associated Press, “Birthday Felicitations For Stalin, This Time By Allies, Not Hitler,” Baltimore Sun, December 22, 1941, 11.
49. Birmingham (AL) News, “Alabama Press,” December 22, 1941, 12.
50. Associated Press, “General Sales Tax Proposal Gains in Favor,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 1.
51. Associated Press, “General Sales Tax Proposal Gains in Favor,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 1.
52. Washington Post, “Public Told What Foods It Should Stock,” December 22, 1941, 6.
53. Jane Driscoll, “No Glove Shortage Is Foreseen, But Wise Buying Is Advised,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 15.
54. Washington Post, “New Research Shows Food Value of Milk,” December 22, 1941, 15.
55. Birmingham (AL) News, “What Every Woman Wants to Know About a Man,” December 22, 1941, 3.
56. United Press, “Makes ‘War Tires’ For 35 M.P.H. Tops,” New York Times, December 22, 1941, 7.
57. Associated Press, “‘War Tire’ Ready for Market, But Don’t Drive Over 35,” Washington Post, December 22, 1941, 6.
CHAPTER 23: THE TWENTY-THIRD OF DECEMBER
1. Associated Press, “What? A War? Dixie ‘Cracker’ Rarin’ to Crack a ‘Danged Jap,’” Atlanta Constitution, December 22, 1941, 5.
2. United Press, “28,363 Join Army In 2 Weeks After War Declaration,” Yuma (AZ) Daily Sun, December 23, 1941, 1.
3. Washington Post, “Sen. Truman’s Ready for Army, But Army’s Not Ready for Him,” December 22, 1941, 8.
4. Los Angeles Times, “Women May Drive Taxis,” December 22, 1941, 16.
5. Associated Press, “Prison Labor Urged for Use on war Goods,” Atlanta Constitution, December 22, 1941, 8.
6. Associated Press, “Former Steelers Star Dudley Dies at 88,” ESPN NFL, February 4, 2010. http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=4887025&campaign=rss&source=NFLHeadlines.
7. Associated Press, “Miller of ‘Four Horsemen’ Named U.S. Attorney,” The Evening Star, December 23, 1941, A2.
8.
9. New York Herald-Tribune, “35,000 Press Agents,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 23, 1941, 6.
10. Walter Winchell, “Walter Winchell: Man About Town,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 23, 1941, 6.
11. Atlanta Constitution, “Margaret Mitchell En Route for Commissioning of Atlanta,” December 23, 1941, 6.
12. Associated Press, “Subs Sink U.S. Tanker,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada) December 23, 1941, 2.
13. Associated Press, “Subs Sink U.S. Tanker,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada), December 23, 1941, 2.
14. Associated Press, “Heavy Gunfire Heard Off California Coast,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 23, 1941, 1.
15. Los Angeles Times, “Freighter’s Smoke Causes Alarm Along Coast Cities,” December 22, 1941, 1.
16. Los Angeles Times, “Four Lose Lives Serving Country,” December 22, 1941, B16.
17. Birmingham (AL) News, “War Victim,” December 22, 1941, 14.
18. Los Angeles Times, “Eagle Rock Holds Memorial For Lieut. Comdr. Michael,” December 22, 1941, 8.
19. Los Angeles Times, “Sons of ‘Times’ Man Missing,” December 22, 1941, Part I, 8.
20. Tom Yarbrough, Associated Press, “Japs Not Suicidal at Pearl Harbor, Witnesses Declare,” Washington Post, December 23, 1941, 5.
21. Tom Yarbrough, Associated Press, “Japs Not Suicidal at Pearl Harbor, Witnesses Declare,” Washington Post, December 23, 1941, 5.
22. Associated Press, “U.S. Pilot Fired On By Jap Flyers While ’Chuting from Sky,” Baltimore Sun, December 23, 1941, 3.
23. Associated Press, “U.S. Flyer Is Saved From Savage When They See His Hair,” Baltimore Sun, December 23, 1941, 4.
24. Frank L. Kluckhohn, “2 Leaders Confer,” New York Times, December 22, 1941, 1.
25. Associated Press, “Churchill In Washington Big Surprise,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada) December 23, 1941, 1.
26. Associated Press, “Nazis Placed Churchill in Middle East,” Boston Daily Globe, December 23, 1941, 3.
27. United Press, “Steve Early’s Desk Will Never Look the Same Again,” Boston Evening Globe, December 23, 1941, 26.
28. Associated Press, “Churchill Wears Life Saver’s Garb,” New York Times, December 23, 1941, 5.
29. Associated Press, “Leaders of Democracy at White House to Plan War Against Axis,” New York Times, December 23, 1941, 16.
30. Dewey L. Fleming, “Prime Minister Makes Sudden, Dramatic Trip; Parleys Start at Once,” Baltimore Sun, December 23, 1941, 1.
31. Associated Press Photo, Washington Post, December 23, 1947, 16.
32. Washington Evening Star, “Churchill Says Allies Plan Complete Unity of Action in Pacific,” December 23, 1941, A6 continued from A1.
33. Jon Meacham, Franklin and Winston: An Intimate Portrait of an Epic Friendship (New York: Random House, 2003), xii.
34. New York Times, “The Day in Washington,” December 23, 1941, 5.
35. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum From FDR to Jack Carter on The Summary of Preliminary Intelligence Problems in New York Area,” December 23, 1941, Hyde Park, New York.
36. International News Service, “The President’s Day,” Washington Post, December 23, 1941, 2.
37. Associated Press Wirephoto Caption, “Discussing War Strategy,” Boston Evening Globe, December 23, 1941, 23.
38. International News Service, “The President’s Day,” Washington Post, December 24, 1941, 2.
39. Associated Press, “Japs Meanwhile Effect Landing On Wake Island,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 23, 1941, 1.
40. Washington Post, “Hongkong’s Valiant Defenders Sink Two Ships; Siege Goes On,” December 24, 1941, 2.
41. Associated Press, “Japs Obtained No Oil From Borneo Wells,” Baltimore Sun, December 23, 1941, 4.
42. Atlanta Constitution, “Japs Hurled Into Sea by Luzon Defenders,” December 23, 1941, 1.
43. United Press, “Resists Invaders,” New York Times, December 23, 1941, 2. (Dateline: December 22, 1941).
44. Associated Press, “U.S. Mechanized Forces Rushed Into Luzon Battle,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 23, 1941, 1.
45. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library, “Radiogram from Manila to the Adjutant General,” December 22, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
46. Time, “The U.S. at War,” December 22, 1941, 10.
47. New York Times, “Last Guam Message Received on Dec. 10,” December 23, 1941, 3.
48. Dr. George Gallup, “The Gallup Poll: Germany Considered Greater Threat to U.S. Thank Japan, Survey of Attitudes Shows,” Washington Post, December 23, 1947, 2.
49. International News Service, “British Carrier Sunk in Atlantic By Sub, Nazis Say,” Washington Post, December 23, 1941, 4.
50. Canadian Press, “Casualties of Canadians Said ‘Heavy,’” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada) December 23, 1941, 1.
51. United Press, “Gallant Few Still Hold Out at Hongkong,” Washington Post, December 23, 1941, 1.
52. Associated Press, “British in Hongkong Still Fighting, They Report by Radio to Chungking: Communication Maintained,” New York Times, December 23, 1941, 4.
53. Frank Oliver, “Prize of War: Hong Kong, Garden of South China,” Washington Post, December 23, 1941, 19.
54. Associated Press, “Churchill in Washington; Confers With Roosevelt,” Atlanta Constitution, December 23, 1941, 1.
55. Lloyd Lehrbas, Associated Press, “Introducing Winston Churchill,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 23, 1941, 5.
56. Jon Meacham, Franklin and Winston (New York: Random House, 2003), 42.
57. Jon Meacham, Franklin and Winston (New York: Random House, 2003), 8.
58. Lloyd Lehrbas, “Introducing Winston Churchill,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 23, 1941, 5.
59. Washington Post, “President Asks Country to Pray,” December 23, 1941, 4.
60. Time Magazine, “The U.S. at War, Full Blast,” December 22, 1941, 9.
61. New York Times, “No Strikes in War, Spellman Pleads,” December 22, 1941, 15.
62. New York Times, “No Strikes in War, Spellman Pleads,” December 22, 1941, 15.
63. New York Times, “Four Freedoms Aim of War Hit by Taft,” May 26, 1943, 20.
64. Associated Press, “Fall Schedule Helps Ease Worry For Mrs. Roosevelt,” Sarasota (FL) Herald-Tribune, December 23, 1941, 6.
65. Washington Post, “Photo,” December 24, 1941, 5.
66. Associated Press, “White House to Have Turkey and Trimmin’s,” Los Angeles Times, December 25, 1941, 10.
67. John C. Henry, “Round Table Talks By War Council to Fix Command,” Washington Evening Star, December 23, 1941, 1.
68. John C. Henry, “Roosevelt and Churchill Mix Showmanship With Democracy,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A3.
69. John C. Henry, “Roosevelt and Churchill Mix Showmanship With Democracy,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A3.
70. Frank L. Kluckhohn, “Churchill Talks,” New York Times, December 24, 1941, 4 continued from page 1.
71. John C. Henry, “Roosevelt and Churchill Mix Showmanship With Democracy,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A3.
72. John C. Henry, “Roosevelt and Churchill Mix Showmanship With Democracy,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A3.
73. International News Service, “The President’s Day,” Washington Post, December 24, 1941, 2.
74. John C. Henry, “Roosevelt and Churchill Mix Showmanship With Democracy,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A3.
75. John C. Henry, “Roosevelt and Churchill Mix Showmanship With Democracy,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A3.
76. Associated Press, “Transportation Office Created,” Los Angeles Times, December 24, 1941, 4.
77. Frank L. Kluckhohn, “2 Leaders Confer,” New York Times, December 23, 1941, 1.
78. United Press, “F.D. and Churchill Divide War Into 4 Major Actions,” Boston Evening Globe, December 23, 1941, 3.
79. Washington Evening Star, “Churchill, President Studying War Roles For Other Allies,” December 24, 1941, 1.
80. Associated Press, “‘War Council’ to Confer with Churchill: Allied Chieftains Discuss Means of Crushing Axis,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 23, 1941, 1.
81. Associated Press, “‘War Council’ to Confer with Churchill: Allied Chieftains Discuss Means of Crushing Axis,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 23, 1941, 2 continued from page 1.
82. Associated Press, “‘War Council’ to Confer with Churchill: Allied Chieftains Discuss Means of Crushing Axis,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 23, 1941, 1.
CHAPTER 24: THE TWENTY-FOURTH OF DECEMBER
1. Associated Press, “Churchill Gets 2-Week Ration of Eggs on His Breakfast Tray,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A2.
2. Associated Press, “Churchill Gets 2-Week Ration of Eggs on His Breakfast Tray,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A2.
3. Associated Press, “Churchill Gets 2-Week Ration of Eggs on His Breakfast Tray,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A2.
4. Edward T. Folliard, “Prime Minister Fences Press U.S. Style,” Washington Post, December 24, 1941, 4.
5. Associated Press, “Santa Claus To Visit Sing Sing Prison,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 24, 1941, 7.
6. Washington Post, “Ceremony at White House on Christmas Eve to Highlight Varied Program of Yule Activity,” December 22, 1941, 19.
7. Associated Press, “8-Lb. Baby Boy Born to Mrs. F. D. Roosevelt Jr.,” Boston Daily Globe, December 22, 1941, 1.
8. Washington Evening Star, “Churchill, President Studying War Roles For Other Allies,” December 24, 1941, A1.
9. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Telegram from Kirk to Hull,” December 24, 1941, 1-2, Hyde Park, NY.
10. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Telegram from Kirk to Hull,” December 24, 1941, 2, Hyde Park, NY.
11. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum for Grace,” December 24, 1941, Hyde Park, NY, 1.
12. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memo From C.V. Munson,” Hyde Park, NY.
13. Washington Evening Star, “Churchill, Roosevelt Will Attend Church Together Tomorrow,” December 24, 1941, B1.
14. Associated Press, “Churchill Gets 2-Week Ration of Eggs on His Breakfast Tray,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A2.
15. Washington Post, “Ceremony at White House on Christmas Eve to Highlight Varied Program of Yule Activity,” December 22, 1941, 19.
16. Associated Press, “Film Studio Ready if War Should Hit,” Baltimore Sun, December 23, 1941, 2.
17. Los Angeles Times, “Studio Builds Raid Shelters,” December 23, 1941, 7.
18. Ronald J. Schmidt, This is The City: Making Model Citizens in Los Angeles (Minneapolis, MN, University of Minnesota Press, 2005), 46.
19. International News Service, “Jap Ambassador Buys Drawers,” Washington Post, December 24, 1941, 1.
20. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Telegram to the President from Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, Chungking,” December 24, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
21. Associated Press, “Shells and Carols Mix on Kent Coast,” Washington Post, December 25, 1941, 6.
22. Associated Press, “RAF Suspends Activity,” New York Times, December 27, 1941, 8.
23. Associated Press, “Nazis Finish Bases for Use Against Britain,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A1.
24. Associated Press, “35 in Crew Take to Lifeboats in View of Shore,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A1.
25. Associated Press, “Tanker, Turned Back in Pacific, Reaches Port,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A1.
26. Los Angeles Times, “Santa Catalina Island Ships Halt Service Temporarily,” December 24, 1941, A.
27. Associated Press, “30 Gaunt Survivors of Lahaina Safe After 20 Days in Lifeboat,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A5.
28. United Press, “Wake Island All Now in Jap Hands,” Lethbridge Herald (Alberta, Canada) December 24, 1941, 9.
29. Washington Evening Star, “385 Americans There Led by Maj. Devereux,” December 24, 1941, A1.
30. Washington Evening Star, “385 Americans There Led by Maj. Devereux,” December 24, 1941, A1.
31. Washington Evening Star, “Communiques: U.S. Contact With Wake Island,” December 24, 1941, A4.
32. Associated Press, “Success Claimed By British in Hong Kong Battle,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A4.
33. Associated Press, “Canadians Hold in Last Stand Fight,” Hartford (CT) Courant, December 24, 1941, 1.
34. Associated Press, “Dutch Report Sea Victories,” Milwaukee (WI) Journal, December 24, 1941, 2.
35. Washington Evening Star, “Communiques: U.S. Contact With Wake Island,” December 24, 1941, A4.
36. Associated Press, “Strong Units Reported in Coast Area,” Hartford (CT) Courant, December 24, 1941, 1.
37. Washington Evening Star, “Japs, Off Batangas, Now Menace Manila from Two New Points,” December 24, 1941, A1.
38. Royal Arch Gunnison, “Flying Fortress Defies 18 Foes; Returns With 1,500 Bullet Holes,” New York Times, December 24, 1941, 3.
39. Washington Evening Star, “Spectacular Pacific Flight Wins Flying Cross for 75,” December 24, 1941, A2.
40. Whitney Martin, “Louis-Conn Fight Chosen As Year’s Best in Roundup,” Washington Post, December 24, 1941, 21.
41. Sigrid Arne, Associated Press, “Mickey Rooney Loses Heart Under Hollywood’s Nose and No One Had Even an Inkling of It,” Washington Post, December 24, 1941, 23.
42. Associated Press, “Roosevelt to Avoid Film Censorship,” Washington Post, December 24, 1941, 23.
43. Birmingham (AL) News, “An Urgent Appeal,” December 24, 1941, 7.
44. Tom Yarbrough, Associated Press, “Ruined Hangars Stand As Mute Evidence o Fury of Jap Raid,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 24, 1941, 4.
45. Washington Post, “Army Rushes Repair Work on Oahu Isle,” December 25, 1941, 2.
46. Alfred Friendly, “Labor-Industry Parley Accepts Stoppage Ban,” Washington Post, December 24, 1941, 1.
47. Associated Press, “Congress May Seek Every Possible Dollar for Taxes Next Year,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 24, 1941, 7.
48. Associated Press, “Unlimited’ Tax Bill Considered to Meet War Expenditures,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A5.
49. Associated Press, “Petain Tells France Peace Is Farther Off Than Ever,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A5.
50. Associated Press, “New Efforts to Push Into North Africa,” Hartford (CT) Courant, December 24, 1941, 1.
51. Associated Press, “Pope Lays Down plan For Peace Based on Arms Limitation,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A2.
52. Associated Press, “On the Radio Today,” Baltimore Sun, December 24, 1941, 1.
53. Gerald G. Gross, “Leaders of Democracies Key Their Speeches to Christmas Spirit at Tree Lighting,” Washington Post, December 25, 1941, 1.
54. Washington Post, “Impatient Comment Stops as Churchill Speaks,” December 25, 1941, 5.
55. Washington Post, “Impatient Comment Stops as Churchill Speaks,” December 25, 1941, 5.
56. John C. Henry, “Churchill Tells U.S. Sacrifice Will Win War,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, 1.
57. John C. Henry, “Churchill Tells U.S. Sacrifice Will Win War,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A1.
58. Washington Post, “Churchill Text,” December 25, 1941, 5.
59. Washington Post, “Impatient Comment Stops as Churchill Speaks,” December 25, 1941, 5.
60. Washington Post, “President’s Text,” December 25, 1941, 5.
61. Washington Post, “President’s Text,” December 25, 1941, 5.
62. Associated Press, “FDR and Churchill Call for Courage, Predict Victory in Yuletide Messages,” Boston Daily Globe, December 25, 1941, 1.
63. Associated Press, “Churchill Gets 2-Week Ration of Eggs on His Breakfast Tray,” Washington Evening Star, December 24, 1941, A2.
CHAPTER 25: THE TWENTY-FIFTH OF DECEMBER
1. New York Times, “Government Quits Manila,” December 26, 1941, 4.
2. Frank Hewlett, “Foe Gains Two Beachheads 55 Miles from Capital, One Periling Cavite; MacArthur Takes Field Command; Fierce Battles Raging at Two Points,” Washington Post, December 25, 1941, 1.
3. Frank Hewlett, “Foe Gains Two Beachheads 55 Miles from Capital, One Periling Cavite; MacArthur Takes Field Command; Fierce Battles Raging at Two Points,” Washington Post, December 25, 1941, 1.
4. John G. Norris, “Marines Held Base 14 Days with 12 Planes, 6 Cannon,” Washington Post, December 25, 1941, 1.
5. Associated Press, “Colony Governor Meets with Foes, Tokyo Declares,” Washington Evening Star, December 25, 1941, 1.
6. Associated Press, “Hongkong Surrenders to Japanese,” Los Angeles Times, December 26, 1941, 1.
7. Associated Press, “Hongkong Colony Falls When Water Mains Blasted,” Daily Boston Globe, December 26, 1941, 1.
8. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Optel. No. 48,” December 25, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
9. Associated Press, “Guest Churchill Is Sleeping and Eating Well at White House,” Washington Evening Star, December 25, 1941, A-3.
10. Jon Meacham, Franklin and Winston: An Intimate Portrait of an Epic Friendship (New York: Random House, 2003), xvi–xvii.
11. John C. Henry, “Churchill Joins Roosevelt in Victory Prayer,” Washington Evening Star, December 25, 1941, A1.
12. Associated Press, “President Too Busy to Open Presents,” Los Angeles Times, December 27, 1941, 2.
13. Washington Post, “Traditional Dinner Awaits Churchill,” December 25, 1941, 5.
14. Associated Press, “White House to Have Turkey and Trimmins,” Los Angeles Times, December 25, 1941, 10.
15. Associated Press, “White House to Have Turkey and Trimmins,” Los Angeles Times, December 25, 1941, 10.
16. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Joseph P. Lash, F.D.R.: His Personal Letters (New York: Duell, Sloan, And Pearce, 1950), 1260.
17. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Message from Clementine Churchill to Roosevelts 12/27/41,” December 27, 1941, Hyde Park NY.
18. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Message from Lord Halifax to Franklin Delano Roosevelt 12/25/41,” December 25, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.
19. Associated Press, “Philippines, Only Christian Nation in Orient, Swarms with Invading Hordes on Christmas Day,” Washington Post, December 25, 1941, 8.
20. United Press, “Pilgrims Steam to Town of Bethlehem for Traditional Christmas Ceremonies,” Washington Post, December 25, 1941, 11.
21. Associated Press, “War Goes on But Yuletide Touches All,” Hartford Courant, December 25, 1941, 23.
22. Associated Press, “War Goes on But Yuletide Touches All,” Hartford Courant, December 25, 1941, 23.
23. Associated Press, “Christmas a Memory in Many World Capitals, but Moscow Enjoys It at Nazis’ Expense,” Washington Evening Star, December 25, 1941, 5.
24. Associated Press, “War Goes on But Yuletide Touches All,” Hartford Courant, December 25, 1941, 23.
25. Christine Sadler, “Justice Holmes’ House Will Be Haven For Girls,” Washington Post, December 25, 1941, 17.
26. Washington Evening Star, “Thousands of Christmas Gifts Distributed Among Needy Here,” 25, 1941, 6.
27. Washington Evening Star, “Children Talk Over Radio With Army Officers in London,” December 25, 1941, B-1.
28. Baltimore Sun, “65 Negro Children Patients Are Given Christmas Party,” December 25, 1941, 5.
29. Los Angeles Times, “Navy Santa Doesn’t Forget Children Who Lost Fathers,” December 25, 1941, 1.
30. Washington Evening Star, “Party Honors 125 Soldiers Quartered at Treasury,” December 25, 1941, A-5.
31. Associated Press, “1,500,000 Pounds of Turkey Destined for Army’s Tables,” Baltimore Sun, December 20, 1941, 8.
32. Associated Press, “1,500,000 Pounds of Turkey Destined for Army’s Tables,” Baltimore Sun, December 20, 1941, 8.
33. Associated Press, “1,500,000 Pounds of Turkey Destined for Army’s Tables,” Baltimore Sun, December 20, 1941, 8.
34. Washington Post, “Many Parties Arranged for Service Men,” December 24, 1941, 17.
35. Associated Press, “Honolulu’s Christmas Eve Dry as Army Bans All Hard Liquor,” Washington Evening Star, December 25, 1941, A1.
36. Associated Press, “Japanese Took Pop, Candy on Hawaii Raid,” Washington Evening Star, December 25, 1941, A-2.
37. Baltimore Sun, “Wounded and Evacuees Reach San Francisco From Hawaii,” December 24, 1941, 1.
38. Baltimore Sun, “Wounded and Evacuees Reach San Francisco From Hawaii,” December 24, 1941, 1.
39. Lawrence E. Davies, “Hawaii Wounded Home, Tell How Defenders Dared Death,” New York Times, December 26, 1941, 1.
40. Washington Evening Star, “For His Christmas!,” December 20, 1941, 2.
41. Atlanta Constitution, “Dickens Story of Christmas on Vallee Hour,” December 25, 1941, 31.
42. Birmingham (AL) News, “Strongest Stars at the Box Office,” December 25, 1941, 15.
43. Vincent Townsend, “‘Men of Boys Town’ Is Best Box office Picture,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 25, 1941, 15.
44. New York Times, “Beware of Women Spies, Navy Men Are Warned,” December 25, 1941, 22.
45. New York Times, “War Casts Shadow Over Christmas Joy Throughout Land,” December 25, 1941, 1.
46. Washington Post, “Congressman Now Must Carry Identity Cards,” December 25, 1941, 24.
47. New York Times, “Congress to Use Identity Cards,” December 25, 1941, 10.
48. Associated Press, “U.S. Plane’s Direct Hits Filled Air with Debris, Army Says,” Washington Evening Star, December 25, 1941, A1.
49. John C. Henry, “Churchill Joins Roosevelt in Victory Prayer,” Washington Evening Star, December 25, 1941, A5.
50. Baltimore Sun, “Eire to Stay Neutral, DeValera Declares, Unless Under Attack,” December 25, 1941, 2.
51. Los Angeles Times, “Dawn of Another Christmas Hailed,” December 25, 1941, A1.
52. Washington Post, “Christmas,” December 25, 1941, 10.
53. Henrt Wadsworth Longfellow, The Complete Poetical Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (London: George Routledge & Sons, 1871), 544.
54. Evening Star, “Christmas, 1941,” December 25, 1941, A8.
55. Washington Post, “Christmas,” December 25, 1941, 10.
56. John Meachan, Franklin and Winston (New York: Random House, 2004), 134.