CHAPTER 26: THE TWENTY-SIX OF DECEMBER

1. Washington Evening Star, “Churchill Forecast Allies Will Take War Initiative in 1943,” December 26, 1941, A2.

2. Washington Evening Star, “Churchill to Make Speech to Congress in Senate Chamber,” December 25, 1941, A1.

3. Baltimore Sun, “Churchill Captures Capital With Speech,” December 27, 1941, 1.

4. Baltimore Sun, “Churchill Captures Capital With Speech,” December 27, 1941, 1.

5. Washington Evening Star, “War Tide to Turn by 1943, Churchill Says,” December 26, 1941, A2.

6. Baltimore Sun, “Honor to Churchill Single Precedent Found,” December 27, 1941, 4.

7. Washington Evening Star, “War Tide to Turn by 1943, Churchill Says,” December 26, 1941, A2.

8. Baltimore Sun, “Churchill With Half an Hour of Oratory Captures Nation’s Capital,” December 27, 1941, 5.

9. The Churchill Center and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London, Speeches, Speeches of Winston Churchill, “Winston Churchill Addresses a Joint Session of Congress on December 26, 1941,” http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/1941-1945-war-leader/288-us-congress-1941.

10. The Churchill Center and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London, Speeches, Speeches of Winston Churchill, “Winston Churchill Addresses a Joint Session of Congress on December 26, 1941,” http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/1941-1945-war-leader/288-us-congress-1941.

11. The Churchill Center and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London, Speeches, Speeches of Winston Churchill, “Winston Churchill Addresses a Joint Session of Congress on December 26, 1941,” http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/1941-1945-war-leader/288-us-congress-1941.

12. The Churchill Center and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London, Speeches, Speeches of Winston Churchill, “Winston Churchill Addresses a Joint Session of Congress on December 26, 1941,” http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/1941-1945-war-leader/288-us-congress-1941.

13. Sydney J. Harris, “Thoughts at Large,” Sarasota Harold-Tribune, December 28, 1941, 4.

14. Stuart Ball, Winston Churchill (New York: NYU Press, 2003), 63.

15. The Churchill Center and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London, Learn, Speeches, Quotation, “Famous Quotations and Stories,” http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/quotations.

16. Sir Winston Churchill, Martin Gilbert, The Churchill War Papers: The Ever Widening War, 1941 (New York, W. W. Norton & Company, 2001), 1685.

17. The Churchill Center and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London, Speeches, Speeches of Winston Churchill, “Winston Churchill Addresses a Joint Session of Congress on December 26, 1941,” http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/1941-1945-war-leader/288-us-congress-1941.

18. The Churchill Center and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London, Speeches, Speeches of Winston Churchill, “Winston Churchill Addresses a Joint Session of Congress on December 26, 1941,” http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/1941-1945-war-leader/288-us-congress-1941.

19. The Churchill Center and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London, Speeches, Speeches of Winston Churchill, “Winston Churchill Addresses a Joint Session of Congress on December 26, 1941,” http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/1941-1945-war-leader/288-us-congress-1941.

20. The Churchill Center and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London, Speeches, Speeches of Winston Churchill, “Winston Churchill Addresses a Joint Session of Congress on December 26, 1941,” http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/1941-1945-war-leader/288-us-congress-1941.

21. Associated Press, “Churchill Phones Senator’s Wife Too Ill to See Him,” Chicago Daily Tribune, December 27, 1941, 6.

22. Baltimore Sun, “Churchill Captures Capital With Speech,” December 27, 1941, 1.

23. New York Times, “40 Billion Is ’42 Arms Goal; Churchill Is Going to Canada,” December 27, 1941, 1.

24. New York Times, “Fort Dix to Open 2 Target Ranges,” December 27, 1941, 9.

25. Associated Press, “National Lottery Urged in New Senate Bill,” Washington Evening Star, December 27, 1941, A3.

26. Associated Press, “National Lottery Urged in New Senate Bill,” Washington Evening Star, December 27, 1941, A3.

27. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum for the President: Subject Victory Program,” December 26, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.

28. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum for the President: Subject: North Africa,” December 26, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.

29. Associated Press, “Plans to Curb Spending Hit,” Los Angeles Times, December 27, 1941, 2.

30. Hartford Daily Courant, “New Red Cross By Flagg,” December 26, 1941, 13.

31. Atlanta Constitution, “A Good Reminder,” December 26, 1941, 2.

32. The Churchill Center and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London, Speeches, Speeches of Winston Churchill, “Winston Churchill Addresses a Joint Session of Congress on December 26, 1941,” http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/1941-1945-war-leader/288-us-congress-1941.

33. Washington Evening Star, “1,000 Civilians on Wake, Navy Announces,” December 26, 1941, A3.

34. Associated Press, “Christmas Assaults Retake 100 Villages, Red Army Claims,” Washington Evening Star, December 26, 1941, A2.

35. Walter B. Kerr, “Nazi Resistance Appears Stiffer,” Baltimore Sun, December 26, 1941, 1.

36. Associated Press, “Bulletins,” Baltimore Sun, December 26, 1941, 1.

37. Craig Thompson, “British Garrison Ends 16-Day Siege,” New York Times, December 26, 1941, 1.

38. New York Times, “‘We Are Still Here,’ Is Midway Greeting,” December 26, 1941, 1.

39. Washington Evening Star, “Midway Marines Still Holding Out,” December 26, 1941, A1.

40. Associated Press, “War Tide to Turn By 1943, Churchill Says Japs Intensify Two-Way Drive on Manila,” Washington Evening Star, December 26, 1941, A1.

41. John G. Doll, Battling Bastards of Bataan (Bennington, VT: Merriam Press, 1988), 24.

42. Atlanta Constitution, “Loss of Philippines Considered Possible by Gloomy Capital,” December 26, 1941, 1.

43. United States Constitution, Article 3, Section 3.

44. David Nasaw, The Chief: The Life of William Randolph Hearst (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2001), 268.

45. Boston Daily Globe, “Gettysburg Eternal Light Extinguished As Raid Precaution,” December 26, 1941, 2.

46. Washington Evening Star, “4,900 Soldier Dinners Go Uneaten Here on War Zone Order,” December 26, 1941, B1.

47. Associated Press, “Accidents Kill 429 in 40 States During Two-Day Period,” Washington Evening Star, December 26, 1941, B2.

48. Associated Press, “Accidents Kill 429 in 40 States During Two-Day Period,” Washington Evening Star, December 26, 1941, B2.

49. Boston Daily Globe, “Isabbele Hallin, Saugus Beauty, Is N.Y. Suicide,” December 26, 1941, 2.

50. Boston Daily Globe, “Isabbele Hallin, Saugus Beauty, Is N.Y. Suicide,” December 26, 1941, 2.

51. Boston Daily Globe, “Isabbele Hallin, Saugus Beauty, Is N.Y. Suicide,” December 26, 1941, 2.

52. Baltimore Sun, “Traveler’s Aid Gets Sad Message,” December 26, 1941, 4.

CHAPTER 27: THE TWENTY-SEVENTH OF DECEMBER

1. Daily Boston Globe, “Former Slave, 107, Combines Birthday, Yule Celebrations,” December 26, 1941, 17.

2. Atlanta Constitution, “Fighting Spirit,” December 26, 1941, 1.

3. The Atlanta Constitution, “Ex-Slaves Offer Victory Prayer At Annual Christmas Party,” December 26, 1941, 3.

4. Chicago Daily Tribune, “Refuses To Seat Negro Named To Bench By Green,” December 27, 1941, 9.

5. Gould Lincoln, “The Political Mill,” Washington Evening Star, December 27, 1941, 9.

6. Ralph McGill, “One Word More,” Atlanta Constitution, December 27, 1941, 4.

7. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum from Ambassador Winant to Secretary Hull Summarizing German and Italian Press Comment on Prime Minister Churchill’s Address to the Congress,” December 27, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.

8. Associated Press, “Text of Address Delivered by Winston Churchill,” Baltimore Sun, December 27, 1941, 4.

9. David Lawrence, “Churchill Sets Sights for Victory,” Washington Evening Star, December 27, 1941, 9.

10. Washington Evening Star, “War Strategy Talks Rushed at White House,” December 27, 1941, 1.

11. Associated Press, “Death Toll Put at 50 in 3-Hour Air Attack; Property Loss Heavy,” Washington Evening Star, December 27, 1941, 1.

12. Associated Press, “Helpless People Without a Gun Die Amid Terror,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 27, 1941, 1.

13. Associated Press, “Helpless People Without a Gun Die Amid Terror,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 27, 1941, 1.

14. R.P. Cronin, Jr., “Manila Sky Filled with Terror During Unmerciful Jap Attack,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 27, 1941, 3.

15. Associated Press, “Hull Says Japan Follows Hitler’s Cruelty Methods,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 27, 1941, 1.

16. Associated Press, “Hull Says Japan Follows Hitler’s Cruelty Methods,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 27, 1941, 1.

17. Associated Press, “Helpless People Without a Gun Die Amid Terror,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 27, 1941, 1.

18. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “War Department Communique on Lingayen Gulf & Lamon Bay” December 26, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.

19. Associated Press, “Bulletin,” Baltimore Sun, December 27, 1941, 1.

20. Mark S. Watson, “Retreat in the Philippines,” Baltimore Sun, December 27, 1941, 1.

21. Vicente A. Pacis, “Fear for Safety of MacArthur on Philippine Front,” Chicago Daily Tribune, December 27, 1941, 2.

22. Associated Press, “Fighting Is Bitter,” New York Times, December 27, 1941, 1.

23. Associated Press, “Japanese Expect to Restore 70 Borneo Oil Wells in Month,” Washington Evening Star, December 27, 1941, 1.

24. Associated Press, “Sarawak and the Brookes,” Washington Evening Star, December 27, 1941, 8.

25. Associated Press, “Japs in Gilbert Islands; Fear for Europeans,” Chicago Daily Tribune, December 27, 1941, 2.

26. Baltimore Sun, “U.S. Daily Newspapers Reach Circulation High,” December 27, 1941, 4.

27. Chicago Daily Tribune, “GoodYear,” December 28, 1941, 8.

28. Associated Press, “Rules Deny New Tires to Private Cars,” Los Angeles Times, December 27, 1941, 1.

29. Associated Press, “Tire Rationing Rules Released; They Are Tough,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 27, 1941, 1.

30. Life, “Schwinn-Built Bicycles,” December 29, 1941, 36.

31. Associated Press “Tire Rationing Rules Released; They Are Tough,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 27, 1941, A1.

32. Associated Press, “O.P.M. Relaxes Rubber Ban to Allow Making of Fire Hose,” Los Angeles Times, December 27, 1941, A1.

33. Associated Press, “Vast Dandelion Planting Urged for Production of Rubber,” Los Angeles Times, December 27, 1941, A1.

34. Life, “On The Newsfronts of the World,” December 29, 1941, 20.

35. Associated Press, “Detroit May Revert to Trolleys in Tire Crisis,” Portsmouth (VA) Times, December 28, 1941, 2.

36. Associated Press, “British Ban Making Rubber Articles,” Los Angeles Times, December 27, 1941, A1.

37. Associated Press, “Princes Stage One-Round Bout at Gloria Vanderbilt’s Party,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 27, 1941, 1.

38. Los Angeles Times, “Ralph’s the Year Ahead . . . ,” December 27, 1941, 4.

39. Baltimore Sun, “Seeking to Fill Up Skilled Labor Gap,” December 27, 1941, 4.

40. Associated Press, “Enemy Aliens Must Turn in Radios, Cameras,” Washington Evening Star, December 27, 1941, 1.

41. Associated Press, “Aliens En Route to Montana Camp,” Los Angeles Times, December 27, 1941, A2.

42. Associated Press, “Mexico Travelers Halted In Search for Letters,” Los Angeles Times, December 27, 1941, A2.

43. Los Angeles Times, “Identification Cards Needed for Entrance to Water Front,” December 27, 1941, B.

44. Los Angeles Times, “Identification Cards Needed for Entrance to Water Front,” December 27, 1941, B.

45. Los Angeles Times, “Where to Cut to Save Money for War,” December 27, 1941, 4.

46. Associated Press, “Nazi Envoys to U.S. Housed at Hotel,” Baltimore Sun, December 27, 1941, 4.

47. Lloyd Lehrbas, “Geneva Pact Governs American Treatment of Jap War Prisoners,” Washington Evening Star, December 27, 1941, A4.

48. New York Times, “U.S. Outlines Stand on War Prisoners,” December 27, 1941, 8.

49. New York Times, “U.S. Outlines Stand on War Prisoners,” December 27, 1941, 8.

50. United Press, “Coastal Subsea Raiding Falls Off,” Los Angles Times, December 27, 1941, A2.

CHAPTER 28: THE TWENTY-EIGHTH OF DECEMBER

1. New York Times, “Support for U.S. Urged in Sermons,” December 28, 1941, 11.

2. Rev. John Evans, “Pray Against Godless Foes, Archbishop Says,” Chicago Daily Tribune, December 28, 1941, 13.

3. New York Times, “Support for U.S. Urged in Sermons,” December 28, 1941, 11.

4. Associated Press, “Market Commissioner says Dispute Topped List of Incidents,” Washington Evening Star, December 28, 1941, A2.

5. Time, “Civilian Defense,” December 29, 1941, 11.

6. Time, “Civilian Defense,” December 29, 1941, 11.

7. Bulletin of International News, Vol. 19, No. 1, (Royal Institute of International News, London, England, 1942) 23.

8. New York Times, “Australia Warned of More Reverses,” December 27, 1941, 5.

9. New York Times, “40 Billion is ’42 Arms Goal,” December 27, 1941, 1.

10. New York Times, “Australia Warned of More Reverses,” December 27, 1941, 5.

11. New York Times, “For Anglo-American Unity,” December 27, 1941, C18.

12. United Press, “Gilbert Islands Believed Seized,” Los Angeles Times, December 28, 1941, 3.

13. Associated Press, “Publisher Assails Removal of Manila’s Defenses,” Sunday (DE) Star, December 28, 1941, A3.

14. Associated Press, “Australia Reliance in U.S., Premier Declares,” Washington Evening Star, December 28, 1941, A2.

15. John C. Henry, “Parleys Bolster Allies’ Position, Roosevelt Says,” Washington Evening Star, December 28, 1941, A1.

16. John C. Henry, “Parleys Bolster Allies’ Position, Roosevelt Says,” Washington Evening Star, December 28, 1941, A1.

17. Associated Press, “Has Busy Day of Conferences With Churchill,” Boston Daily Globe, December 28, 1941, C1.

18. John C. Henry, “Parleys Bolster Allies’ Position, Roosevelt Says,” Washington Evening Star, December 28, 1941, A1.

19. Maj. George Fielding Elliot, “French Still Play Vital Part in War,” Los Angeles Times, December 28, 1941, 4.

20. John C. Henry, “Parleys Bolster Allies’ Position, Roosevelt Says,” Washington Evening Star, December 28, 1941, A1.

21. John C. Henry, “Parleys Bolster Allies’ Position, Roosevelt Says,” Washington Evening Star, December 28, 1941, A1.

22. Washington Evening Star, “Henderson Acts to Block Cigarette Price Increase,” December 28, 1941, A3.

23. Life, “We Want Camels!,” December 29, 1941, 70.

24. Associated Press, “Has Busy Day of Conferences With Churchill,” Boston Daily Globe, December 28, 1941, C1.

25. Associated Press, “O.P.M. Limits Output of All Types of New Farm Machinery,” Washington Evening Star, December 28, 1941, A4.

26. Life, “Toke Raid Would be Costly and Futile,” December 29, 1941, 56.

27. Life, “Perspiration Is Acid . . . It Cuts Stocking Life!” December 29, 1941, 68.

28. Los Angeles Times, “Tommy Dorsey,” December 28, 1941, 4.

29. Honolulu Advertiser, “Prescriptions for Liquor Under Control,” December 28, 1941, 8.

30. Honolulu Advertiser, “Hawaii Defense Act,” December 28, 1941, 12.

31. United Press, “Hawaii Boys Flew for Japs,” Los Angeles Times, December 28, 1941, 2.

32. Honolulu Advertiser, “KGMB,” December 28, 1941, 12.

33. Los Angeles Times, “Aliens Evacuated From Federal Jail,” December 28, 1941, 8.

34. Los Angeles Times, “Welder Union Votes to Stop Work Today,” December 20, 1941, 1.

35. New York Times, “Short-wave Sets of Aliens Curbed,” December 28, 1941, 4.

36. International News Service, “Nab Alleged Coast Bund Leader,” Honolulu Advertiser, December 29, 1941, 4.

37. Life, “Nazi Spies,” December 29, 1941, 24.

38. Time, “Civilian Defense,” December 29, 1941, 11.

39. Los Angeles Times, “End of Curbs in Prospect,” December 28, 1941, 3.

40. Associated Press, “Defense Plants Asked to Work on New Year’s,” Baltimore Sun, December 28, 1941, 12.

41. Los Angeles Times, “Don’t Let Tongue Slip,” December 28, 1941, 3.

42. Los Angeles Times, “A Word to Amateur War Critics,” December 28, 1941, 4.

43. Los Angeles Times, “We Shall Not Forget This, Yellow Men,” December 28, 1941, 4.

44. New York Times, “Washington Asks Revenge Bombings,” December 28, 1941, 1.

45. United Press, “Old Area in Ruins,” New York Times, December 28, 1941, 1.

46. United Press, “Old Area in Ruins,” New York Times, December 28, 1941, 1.

47. New York Times, “The International Situation,” December 28, 1941, 1.

48. Associated Press, “Nipponese Broadcast Is Quickly Scorned by Angry Islanders,” Atlanta Constitution, December 28 1941, 1A.

49. United Press, “Japanese Advance Slowly on Manila,” New York Times, December 28, 1941, 1.

50. Honolulu Advertiser, “Japanese Launch Fresh Manila Attack from Air,” December 28, 1941, 1.

51. Honolulu Advertiser, “Japanese Launch Fresh Manila Attack from Air,” December 28, 1941, 1.

52. F. Tillman Durdin, “New Malaya Push by Japan Starts,” New York Times, December 28, 1941, 6.

53. New York Times, “Barkley Predicts Bombing of Tokyo,” December 30, 1941, 3.

CHAPTER 29: THE TWENTY-NINTH OF DECEMBER

1. United Press, Frank Hewlett, “Filipino Police Hunt Chutists in Manila Area,” Honolulu Advertiser, December 29, 1941, 1.

2. United Press, Frank Hewlett, “Filipino Police Hunt Chutists in Manila Area,” Honolulu Advertiser, December 29, 1941, 1.

3. Associated Press, “Famed Holy Statue Saved in Manila,” Los Angeles Times, December 29, 1941, 3.

4. United Press, “Priceless Library in Manila Is Lost,” New York Times, December 29, 1941, 4.

5. New York Times, “Tokyo Is Firm on Manila,” December 29, 1941, 2.

6. Honolulu Advertiser, “FDR Pledges Full Aid to Filipinos,” December 29, 1941, 1.

7. New York Times, “Messages on Philippines,” December 29, 1941, 1.

8. Associated Press, “Philippines Given Pledge By F.D.R. for ‘Redemption,’” Birmingham (AL) News, December 29, 1941, 1.

9. Honolulu Advertiser, “Don’t Be Impatient, Navy Urges America,” December 29, 1941, 4.

10. Honolulu Advertiser, “Don’t Be Impatient, Navy Urges America,” December 29, 1941, 4.

11. Associated Press, “Philippines Given Pledge By F.D.R. for ‘Redemption,’” Birmingham (AL) News, December 29, 1941, 1.

12. Associated Press, “Philippines Given Pledge By F.D.R. for ‘Redemption,’” Birmingham (AL) News, December 29, 1941, 1.

13. Life “College Men Wanted,” December 29, 1941, 57.

14. Paul Mallon, “Reverses in Far East May Be Expected,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 29, 1941, 1.

15. United Press, Frank Hewlett, “Filipino Police Hunt Chutists in Manila Area,” Honolulu Advertiser, December 29, 1941, 1.

16. Associated Press, “War Office Says Attacks Will Continue,” Baltimore Sun, December, 29, 1941, 4.

17. New York Times, “10-to-1 Toll Taken on Southeast,” December 29, 1941, 3.

18. New York Times, “10-to-1 Toll Taken on Southeast,” December 29, 1941, 3.

19. New York Times, “Washington Is Hopeful,” December 29, 1941, 3.

20. Honolulu Advertiser, “British Holding Foe Firmly in North Malaya,” December 29, 1941, 2.

21. Chicago Daily Tribune, “Jap ‘Friendship’ Leaflets Lure Many to Death,” December 29, 1941, 4.

22. New York Times, “Australian Force Ready in Malaya,” December 29, 1941, 4.

23. Associated Press, “War Office Says Attacks Will Continue,” Baltimore Sun, December 29, 1941, 4.

24. Atlanta Constitution, “Japs in China Seize U.S. Consul, Others,” December 28, 1941, 1.

25. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Library and Museum, “Memorandum from Hull to FDR,” December 29, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.

26. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Library and Museum, “Memorandum from FDR to H. Hopkins,” December 29, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.

27. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Library and Museum, “Progress Report on Intelligence Problems in the New York Area,” December 27, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.

28. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Library and Museum, “Progress Report on Intelligence Problems in the New York Area,” December 27, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.

29. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Library and Museum, “Letter from FDR to John Carter,” December 29, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.

30. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Library and Museum, “Memorandum Regarding Alien Activity in Great Britain,” December 29, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.

31. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Library and Museum, “Memorandum from FDR to H. Hopkins,” December 29, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.

32. Honolulu Advertiser, “13 Survivors of SS Prusa Arrive Here,” December 29, 1941, 1.

33. Life, “Attack on Hawaii,” December 29, 1941, 11.

34. Life, “Attack on Hawaii,” December 29, 1941, 18.

35. Life, “Troops on the Move,” December 29, 1941, 23.

36. Life, “Anatomy of Bombs,” December 29, 1941, 50.

37. Boyd D. Wagner, “‘Buzz’ Wagner’s Story,” Life,” December 29, 1941, 36.

38. Life, “U.S. Marines,” December 29, 1941, 43.

39. Life, “Anatomy of Bombs,” December 29, 1941, 50.

40. Oliver Jensen, “Ensign Weems,” Life, December 29, 1941, 55.

41. Time, “World Battlefronts,” December 29, 1941, 16.

42. Time, “The U.S. at War,” December 29, 1941, 7.

43. Time, “The U.S. at War,” December 29, 1941, 7.

44. Time, “The U.S. at War,” December 29, 1941, 11.

45. Birmingham (AL) News, “Russia, England Agree on Method of War Conduct,” December 29, 1941, 1.

46. Honolulu Advertiser, “Eden-Stalin Conference Covers Conduct of War,” December 29, 1941, 2.

47. Birmingham (AL) News, “Russia, England Agree on Method of War Conduct,” December 29, 1941, 1.

48. Time, “The U.S. at War,” December 29, 1941, 8.

49. Time, “World Battlefronts,” December 29, 1941, 9.

50. Time, “World Battlefronts,” December 29, 1941, 12.

51. Time, “World Battlefronts,” December 29, 1941, 12.

52. Associated Press, “Churchill Is Cheered Wildly by Canadians on Arrival at Ottawa,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 29, 1941, 2.

53. Associated Press, “Churchill Is Cheered Wildly by Canadians on Arrival at Ottawa,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 29, 1941, 2.

54. New York Times, “Churchill in ‘Coveralls’,” December 30, 1941, 3.

55. Associated Press, “35 Per Cent Slash in Gas Consumption Studied For Civilians,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 29, 1941, 2.

56. Associated Press, “Californians Warned of Jap Raid Reports,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 29, 1941, 2.

57. Lawrence E. Davies, “Foes Spread ‘News’ of a Fake Bargain,” New York Times, December 29, 1941, 7.

58. Birmingham (AL) News, “Venereal Disease in Wartime,” December 29, 1941, 6.

59. Associated Press, “Lady Barflies a Prime Target As Anti-Profanity Week Opens,” Baltimore Sun, December 29, 1941, 13.

60. Birmingham (AL) News, “Guilty Flag Defiler,” December 29, 1940, 7.

61. Los Angeles Times, “Gloria Vanderbilt Wed to Pasquale Di Cicco,” December 29, 1941, Part B1.

62. New York Times, “National Philosophy Found Lacking Here,” December 29, 1941, 12.

63. New York Times, “Enlistments Begin In ‘Spiritual Army’”, December 29, 1941, 12.

64. Associated Press, “Woman Air Spotter 97; Nursed Soldiers in 1865,” New York Times, December 29, 1941, 8.

65. Chicago Daily Tribune, “A Lonely Yank, a Note, and Wow!” December 29, 1941, 1.

66. Associated Press, “She Refuses to Believe Son Killed and Navy Acknowledges Mistake,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 29, 1941, 7.

67. Time, “People: Pluggers & Donors,” December 29, 1941, 40.

68. Honolulu Advertiser, “Defense Stamps Free!,” December 30, 1941, 2.

69. Time, “People: Pluggers & Donors,” December 29, 1941, 40.

70. New York Times, “Britain to Join U.S. in Prayers Thursday,” December 28, 1941, 2.

71. Los Angeles Times, “Axis Aliens Surrender Radio Sets and Cameras,” December 29, 1941, 1.

72. Time, “Music: Of Thee I Sing, Baby,” December 29, 1941, 46.

73. Time, “Music: Of Thee I Sing, Baby,” December 29, 1941, 46.

74. A) Honolulu Advertiser, “Buses Black,” December 30, 1941, 2.

75. Honolulu Advertiser, “At the Theaters,” December 30, 1941, 4.

76. New York Times, “Flier, Shot Down, Resumed Battle in Another Plane as Wife Watched,” December 30, 1941, 5.

77. New York Times, “Flier, Shot Down, Resumed Battle in Another Plane as Wife Watched,” December 30, 1941, 5.

CHAPTER 30: THE THIRTIETH OF DECEMBER

1. Associated Press, “Eiffel Tower May Be Melted to Scrap Metal,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 30, 1941, 2.

2. Associated Press, “Eiffel Tower May Be Melted to Scrap Metal,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 30, 1941, 2.

3. Associated Press, “How War News Gets Around and Why Editors Go Nuts,” The Atlanta Constitution, December 31, 1941, 1.

4. Churchill Center and Museum, Speeches, Speeches of Winston Churchill, “Preparation-Liberation-Assault,” December 30, 1941, Chicago, IL, http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/106-preparation-liberation-assault.

5. Hartford (CT)Courant, “U.S. Expenditures . . . December Top World War Record,” December 30, 1941, 1.

6. Honolulu Advertiser, “Bulletins,” December 31, 1941, 1.

7. Time, “Mr. Paul’s Ideas,” December 29, 1941, 54.

8. Time, “Mr. Paul’s Ideas,” December 29, 1941, 54.

9. Dewey L. Fleming, “Half of US Income to Go for War Effort Under Roosevelt Plan,” Baltimore Sun, December 31, 1941, 1.

10. Gerald Griffin, “President Plans Daylight Saving,” Baltimore Sun, December 31, 1941, 3.

11. Associated Press, “Defense Bond Sales Reach Highest Mark,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 30, 1941, 3.

12. Birmingham (AL) News, “Defense Bond Sales Reach Highest Mark,” December 30, 1941, 1.

13. Birmingham (AL) News, “11 Billion Dollar Tax Increase Is Proposed,” December 30, 1941, 4.

14. Baltimore Sun, “Financial Sacrifice Must Come to Win, Morgenthau Warns,” December 30, 1941, 1.

15. Birmingham (AL) News, “Women Volunteers in Uniforms Given Approval Of U.S. Army,” December 30, 1941, 2.

16. Birmingham (AL) News, “Women Volunteers in Uniforms Given Approval Of U.S. Army,” December 30, 1941, 2.

17. Los Angeles Times, “Cigarette Price Ceiling Slated,” December 30, 1941, 1.

18. Los Angeles Times, “Hoarding of Fats and Oils Banned,” December 30, 1941, 5.

19. New York Times, “Allocation Plan Held Inadequate,” December 30, 1941, 12.

20. Ernest Lindley, “Tire Rationing to Serve as Test of Democratic Administration,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 30, 1941, 10.

21. Harvey S. Firestone, Jr., “The Rubber Situation,” Baltimore Sun, December 30, 1941, 4.

22. George Gallup, “The Gallup Poll: Survey Shows Majority of Americans Do Nothing to Keep Physically Fit,” Baltimore Sun, December 30, 1941, 13.

23. Associated Press, “Tire Curb Sells Horses,” New York Times, December 30, 1941, 11.

24. Paul Gesner and John Beckley “Round-Clock Defense Work in Sight at Most All Plants,” Birmingham (AL) News, 10.

25. Associated Press, “Nazi Launch Air Assault on Coastal Area,” Baltimore Sun, December 30, 1941, 1.

26. Associated Press, “Mikado’s Troops Move on Capital From Southeast,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 30, 1941, 1.

27. AP, “R.A.F. Blows Climax British Land, Sea and Air Assaults,” Los Angeles Times, December 30, 1941, 1.

28. Pierre J. Husk, “F.D.R. ‘Pushed Europe Into War Against Me,’ Nazi Dictator Complains,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 30, 1941, 1.

29. Pierre J. Husk, “F.D.R. ‘Pushed Europe Into War Against Me,’ Nazi Dictator Complains,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 30, 1941, 1.

30. Pierre J. Husk, “F.D.R. ‘Pushed Europe Into War Against Me,’ Nazi Dictator Complains,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 30, 1941, 4.

31. United Press, “Planes Blast Luzon’s Base for Three Hours,” Los Angeles Times, December 30, 1941, 1.

32. Rear Admiral Yates Sterling, Jr., “Manila Bay Protected by Mighty Corregidor,” Honolulu Advertiser, December 30, 1941, 1.

33. Associated Press, “Tribe of Philippine Pygmies Joins Allies in War on Japs,” Los Angeles Times, December 30, 1941, 3.

34. Birmingham (AL) News, “Gen. MacArthur Urges Reprisals for Manila Raids,” December 30, 1941, 1.

35. United Press, “U.S. Volunteer Pilots Bag 26 Enemy Planes,” Honolulu Advertiser, December 30, 1941, 5.

36. United Press, “FDR to Call War Council,” Honolulu Advertiser, December 30, 1941, 1.

37. United Press, “Enemy Suffers Heavy Losses in Far East,” Honolulu Advertiser, December 30, 1941, 1.

38. Associated Press, “Churchill Says War Not To End Until Attack on Nazi Homeland,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 30, 1941, 1.

39. Churchill Center and Museum, Speeches, Speeches of Winston Churchill, “Preparation-Liberation-Assault,” December 30, 1941, Chicago, IL, http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/106-preparation-liberation-assault.

40. Churchill Center and Museum, Speeches, Speeches of Winston Churchill, “Preparation-Liberation-Assault,” December 30, 1941, Chicago, IL, http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/106-preparation-liberation-assault.

41. New York Times, “U.S. Lists 29 Nations at War With the Axis; Figure Differs From Churchill’s in Speech,” December 31, 1941, 6.

42. Churchill Center and Museum, Speeches, Speeches of Winston Churchill, “Preparation-Liberation-Assault,” December 30, 1941, Chicago, IL http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/106-preparation-liberation-assault.

43. Associated Press, “Red Men Bury Hatchet to Aid War on Axis,” Baltimore Sun, December 30, 1941, 4.

44. Associated Press, “Hard Blows at Foe Urged By Einstein,” Baltimore Sun, December 30, 1941, 4.

45. New York Times, “Bid Astronomers, Navigate Bombers,” December 30, 1941, 1.

46. Associated Press, “Astronomy Called Aid to War Effort,” New York Times, December 30, 1941, 13.

47. Associated Press, “Astronomer Inclined to Doubt Theory Universe Is Exploding,” Baltimore Sun, December 31, 1941, 13.

48. International News Service, “Scientists Say Water Exists on Red Planet,” Atlanta Constitution, December 31, 1941, 6.

49. Honolulu Advertiser, “Important Notice to All Residents Of Oahu,” December 30, 1941, 2.

50. Honolulu Advertiser, “Bakery Goods Sale Regulated By Governor,” December 31, 1941, 2.

51. Honolulu Advertiser, “Sought By Relatives,” December 30, 1941, 3.

52. Honolulu Advertiser, “General Orders,” December 30, 1941, 6.

53. Honolulu Advertiser, “Alarm System Will Warn Four Isles of Raids,” December 30, 1941, 6.

54. Wallace Carroll, “Fifth Column Exposed,” Boston Evening Globe, December 30, 1941, 1.

55. Los Angeles Times, “Long Lines of Enemy Aliens Deliver Banned Articles,” December 30, 1941, 8.

56. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Second Progress Report on Intelligence Problems in the New York Area,” December 31, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.

57. Los Angeles Times, “Patriotic Raffles Robs Vanderbilts of Jewelry,” December 30, 1941, 1.

58. Baltimore Sun, “Newlywed Gloria Gets More Money,” December 30, 1941, 1.

59. Los Angeles Times, “Whales Fool Fort Gun Crew; Report Submarines Offshore,” December 30, 1941, 8.

60. Associated Press, “Bulletins,” Baltimore Sun, December 30, 1941, 1.

61. New York Times, “The Texts of the Day’s Communiqués on Fighting in Various Zones,” December 30, 1941, 2.

62. F. Tillman Durdin, “Foe Seeks to Ring Singapore; Plan to Take It Intact Seen,” New York Times, December 30, 1941, 1.

63. New York Times, “U.S. Freighter Sunk in Atlantic Dec. 3,” December 30, 1941, 13.

64. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum for the Naval Aide to the President,” December 26, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.

65. United Press, “Lindy’s Offer to Serve May Be Accepted,” Honolulu Advertiser, December 31, 1941, 6.

66. Associated Press, “Lindbergh Volunteers Servicesin Air Corps; Reaction Is Indefinite,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 30, 1941, 1.

67. James P. Duffy, Lindbergh Vs. Roosevelt (Washington DC: Regnery, 2010), 209.

68. Baltimore Sun, “A Darkened Liberty,” December 30, 1941, 3.

69. Baltimore Sun, “A Darkened Liberty,” December 30, 1941, 3.

CHAPTER 31: THE THIRTY-FIRST OF DECEMBER

1. Anne O’Hare McCormick, “The Outstanding Fact in a Fateful Year,” New York Times, December 31, 1941, 16.

2. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum from Ambassador Winant to Secretary Hull Requesting a Presidential Message from President Roosevelt for the National Day of Prayer on New Year’s Day 1942,” December 30, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.

3. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum from Ambassador Winant to Secretary Hull Requesting a Presidential Message from President Roosevelt for the National Day of Prayer on New Year’s Day 1942,” December 30, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.

4. New York Times, “The Plaza for New Year’s Eve,” December 31, 1941, 18.

5. Los Angeles Times, “Police Warn New Year’s Celebrants,” December 30, 1941, 1.

6. New York Times, “Mayer Assails Critics,” December 31, 1941, 10.

7. Boston Daily Globe, “Boisterous Greeting Ready for 1942’s Boston Arrival,” December 31, 1941, 1.

8. Geoffrey Parsons Jr., “Slim Santa This Year In Britain,” Baltimore Sun, December 23, 1941, 13.

9. Honolulu Advertiser, “License Suspensions Face Speeders Here,” December 31, 1941, 2.

10. Honolulu Advertiser, “Banana Supply Plentiful Here,” December 31, 1941, 3.

11. Honolulu Advertiser, “Leis for Dead to Be Received New Year’s Day,” December 31, 1941, 2.

12. Honolulu Advertiser, “Leis for Dead to Be Received New Year’s Day,” December 31, 1941, 2.

13. Baltimore Sun, “It’s a Treat to Dine Out,” December 31, 1941, 5.

14. Los Angeles Times, “New Year’s Eve,” December 31, 1941, 12.

15. Mary Harris, “Ringside Table,” Washington Post, December 31, 1941, 16.

16. Jane Holt, “News of Food,” New York Times, December 30, 1941, 14.

17. New York Times, “Rest-Period Demand Costs Hours at Ford,” December 31, 1941, 9.

18. New York Times, “Rest-Period Demand Costs Hours at Ford,” December 31, 1941, 9.

19. Atlanta Constitution, “Big California Telescope to Be Barred to Public,” December 31, 1941, 10.

20. Ben Gilbert, “War Casts Deep Shadow on New Years Parties Here,” Washington Post, January 1, 1941, 1.

21. Birmingham (AL) News, “Don’t Throw Anything Away, Save Everything for Defense,” December 31, 1941, 3.

22. Martin Lide, “2,800 Tanks a Month Is Goal Soon in View; Gun Totals Are Secret,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 31, 1941, 5.

23. Los Angeles Times, “County Ordered to Save Salvage,” December 31, 1941, 6.

24. John MacCormac, “Railroads Expect Aid from Tire Ban,” New York Times, December 31, 1941, 9.

25. Baltimore Sun, “Whither Fashion in 1942,” December 31, 1941, 10.

26. Honolulu Advertiser, “Ted Williams Is Voted Baseball’s Man of Year,” December 31, 1941, 8.

27. Joan Fontaine Female, “‘Citizen Kane’ Picked as Top Movie of ’41,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 31, 1941, 19.

28. Honolulu Advertiser, “No Messages Received Since Late Last Night,” December 31, 1941, 1.

29. Honolulu Advertiser, “No Messages Received Since Late Last Night,” December 31, 1941, 1.

30. Associated Press, “Indies Papers Ask Public to be Patient,” Baltimore Sun, December 31, 1941, 3.

31. Husband E. Kimmel, Admiral Kimmel’s Story (Chicago, IL: Henry Regnery Company, 1955), v.

32. Husband E. Kimmel, Admiral Kimmel’s Story (Chicago, IL: Henry Regnery Company, 1955), 169.

33. Hartford Courant, “Short Dies at His Home in Texas,” September 5, 1949, 1.

34. Associated Press, “Line South of Manila,” December 31, 1941, 1.

35. Hanson W. Baldwin, “What Navy Is Doing,” New York Times, December 31, 1941, 4.

36. Martin Caidin, Golden Wings (New York: Bramhall House, 1960), 108.

37. Associated Press, “Hope Fades in Gotham,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 31, 1941, 2.

38. R. P. Cronin Jr., “Outnumbered Forces of Allies Being Pushed Back by Invader,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 31, 1941, 2.

39. Dewitt MacKenzie, “The War Today: Strengthening of Singapore Now Is Squarely Up to U.S.; Weakness in Air Power Is Cited,” December 31, 1941, 2.

40. Associated Press, “Japanese Dive Bombers Control Roads as Tanks Smash Closer to Capital,” Baltimore Sun, December 31, 1941, 1.

41. Associated Press, “Sailor in Hawaii Sees Grave Marked as His,” Baltimore Sun, December 31, 1941, 2.

42. Leland Stowe, “Burma Road Scandal,” Boston Evening Globe, December 30, 1941, 1.

43. New York Times, “Gandhi Steps Down in War Policy Rift,” December 31, 1941, 6.

44. Birmingham (AL) News, “Lynchings in 1941,” December 31, 1941, 6.

45. New York Times, “The Day in Washington,” December 31, 1941, 9.

46. Dewy L. Fleming, “Half of U.S. Income to Go for War Effort Under Roosevelt Plan,” Baltimore Sun, December 31, 1941, 1.

47. Associated Press, “Washington Holds Partial Blackout,” Baltimore Sun, December 31, 1941, 7.

48. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum To President Roosevelt From Rome Regarding Covert Conversation with Goering,” January 31, 1942, Hyde Park, New York.

49. Pierre J. Huss, “Jap Attack Was Nazis’ Secret Weapon Against U.S., Writer Discloses,” Birmingham (AL) News, December 31, 1941, 1.

50. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum for the Naval Aide to the President, Regarding Factional Strife in Germany; Possible Peace Moves,” September 26, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.

51. United Press, “‘Frau Roosevelt Named by Hitler,” Boston Evening Globe, December 31, 1941, 2.

52. Canadian Press, “Prime Minister Churchill’s Address to Canadian Parliament,” New York Times, December 31, 1941, 6.

53. Jon Meacham, Franklin and Winston (New York: Random House 2004), 5.

54. Jon Meacham, Franklin and Winston (New York: Random House 2004), xvii.

55. David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988), xiv.

56. David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988), 27.

57. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Memorandum to Rear Admiral Ross T. McIntire, (MC) U.S. Navy, The Surgeon General, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department, Washington, D.C., from Elphege A.M. Gendreau, Captain, (MC), U.S. Navy Flight Surgeon, United States Pacific Fleet, U.S.S. Pennsylvania,” December 11, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.

58. Martin Caidin, Golden Wings (New York: Bramhall House, 1960), 89.

59. Studs Terkel, The Good War (New York: Pantheon Books, 1984,) 1.

60. Baltimore Sun, “Special Prayers Planned for U.S., December 31, 1941, 6.

61. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Message From President Roosevelt to the American Embassy London, Triple Priority, National Day of Prayer Message,” December 31, 1941, Hyde Park, NY.

EPILOGUE

1. Fred Pulis, The Impact and Legacy Years, 1941, 1947, 1968 (Victoria, BC: Trafford, 2000), 15.

2. Carl Jung Resources, “What Is Synchronicity?,” Last Modified: 2011, http://www.carl-jung.net/synchronicity.html.

3. Martin Caidin, Golden Wings (New York: Bramhall House, 1960), 102.

4. David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988), 43.

5. Walter Trojan, “Blame 2 for Pearl Harbor!” Chicago Tribune, January 25, 1942, 1.

6. Hilo Tribune Herald, “Japan May Strike Over The Weekend,” November 30, 1941, 1.

7. New York Times, “Medals Given to 9 by Admiral Nimitz,” May 28, 1942, 8.