PART II

EXILE

1942

The order to leave the Philippines had come as a complete surprise to [MacArthur]… and, if the choice had been left to him, he would have remained in the Philippines.

—MINUTES OF ADVISORY WAR COUNCIL MEETING, CANBERRA, MARCH 26, 1942, QUOTING MACARTHUR

A foul trick of deception has been played on a large group of Americans by a Commander in Chief and small staff who are now eating steak and eggs in Australia. God damn them!

—BRIGADIER GENERAL W. E. BROUGHER, DIARY WRITTEN AT POW CAMP O’DONNELL, APRIL 1, 1942