NEUROBIOLOGY OF MENTAL ILLNESS

FOURTH EDITION

EDITED BY

Dennis S. Charney, MD

ANNE AND JOEL EHRENKRANZ, DEAN,
ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT FOR ACADEMIC AFFAIRS,
THE MOUNT SINAI MEDICAL CENTER
PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENTS OF PSYCHIATRY,
NEUROSCIENCE, AND
PHARMACOLOGY & SYSTEMS THERAPEUTICS
NEW YORK, NY

Joseph D. Buxbaum, PhD

G. HAROLD AND LEILA Y. MATHERS PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENTS OF PSYCHIATRY, NEUROSCIENCE, AND
GENETICS AND GENOMIC SCIENCES
CHIEF, DIVISION OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
DIRECTOR, SEAVER AUTISM CENTER
ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI
NEW YORK, NY

Pamela Sklar, MD, PhD

PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENTS OF PSYCHIATRY,
NEUROSCIENCE, AND GENETICS AND GENOMIC
SCIENCES
CHIEF, DIVISION OF PSYCHIATRIC GENOMICS
ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI
NEW YORK, NY

Eric J. Nestler, MD, PhD

NASH FAMILY PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENTS OF NEUROSCIENCE, PSYCHIATRY,
AND PHARMACOLOGY & SYSTEMS THERAPEUTICS
CHAIR, DEPARTMENT OF NEUROSCIENCE
DIRECTOR, THE FRIEDMAN BRAIN INSTITUTE
ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI
NEW YORK, NY

SECTION EDITORS

Eric J. Nestler, MD, PhD

Karl Deisseroth, MD, PhD

Pamela Sklar, MD, PhD

Helen S. Mayberg, MD

Kerry J. Ressler, MD, PhD

Antonello Bonci, MD

Nora D. Volkow, MD

David M. Holtzman, MD

Joseph D. Buxbaum, PhD

Dennis S. Charney, MD