Chapter 1: Origins of Mating
1. Jankowiak and Fisher 1992.
2. Beach and Tesser 1988; Sternberg 1988.
3. Darwin 1859, 1871.
4. Major proponents of evolutionary psychology include Cosmides and Tooby 1987; Daly and Wilson 1988; Pinker 1997; Thornhill and Thornhill 1990a; Symons 1979; and Buss 1989a, 1991a.
5. Rozin 1976.
6. Collias and Collias 1970.
7. Le Boeuf 1974.
8. Vandenberg 1972.
9. Smuts 1987; Lindburg 1971; Seyfarth 1976.
10. Thornhill and Alcock 1983.
11. Daly, Wilson, and Weghorst 1982; Symons 1979; Buss et al. 1992.
12. Erickson and Zenone 1976.
13. Betzig 1989.
14. Thornhill 1980a.
15. Buss and Schmitt 1993.
16. Bailey et al. 1994.
17. Bobrow and Bailey 2001.
18. See Rahman and Wilson (2003) for a summary. Although most studies point to moderate heritability of roughly 50 percent, some studies find only 20 to 30 percent concordance for homosexual orientation among monozygotic identical twins, which would suggest a slightly more modest role for heritable influence.
19. For summaries, see Bobrow and Bailey 2001; Muscarella 2000; McKnight 1997.
20. Symons 1987.
21. Low 1989.
22. Guttentag and Secord 1983; Kim Hill, personal communication, May 17, 1991.
23. See Quote Investigator, “Exploring the Origins of Quotations,” February 9, 2011 (updated August 17, 2014), http://quoteinvestigator.com/2011/02/09/darwinism-hope-pray/. It should be noted that the quote may be apocryphal.
24. Daly and Wilson 1988.
25. Chagnon 1988.
Chapter 2: What Women Want
1. Trivers 1972; Williams 1975.
2. Trivers 1985.
3. Trivers 1972.
4. Yosef 1991.
5. Draper and Harpending 1982; Belsky, Steinberg, and Draper 1991.
6. Smuts 1995.
7. Hudson and Henze 1969; McGinnis 1958; Hill 1945.
8. Buss 1989a.
9. Buss et al. 2001; Schmitt 2016.
10. Kenrick et al. 1990.
11. Wiederman 1993.
12. Buss 1989a.
13. Conroy-Beam, Buss, et al. 2015.
14. Betzig 1986; Brown and Chai-yun, n.d.
15. Betzig 1986.
16. Hill 1945; Langhorne and Secord 1955; McGinnis 1958; Hudson and Henze 1969; Buss and Barnes 1986.
17. Buss et al. 2001.
18. Langhorne and Secord 1955.
19. Buss and Schmitt 1993.
20. Buss 1989a.
21. Li et al. 2002.
22. Buss 1989a.
23. Jencks 1979.
24. Hart and Pilling 1960.
25. Gurven and Kaplan 2006; Kim Hill, personal communication, May 17, 1991; Don Symons, personal communication, July 10, 1990.
26. McCrae and Costa 1990; Gough 1980.
27. Jankowiak, Hill, and Donovan 1992.
28. Martin Whyte, personal communication, 1990.
29. Townsend 1989; Townsend and Levy 1990; Wiederman and Allgeier 1992; Buss 1989a.
30. Lund et al. 2007.
31. Buss 1989a; Willerman 1979; Kyl-Heku and Buss 1996; Jencks 1979.
32. Langhorne and Secord 1955.
33. Buss and Schmitt 1993; Betzig 1989.
34. Buss 1991b.
35. Jencks 1979.
36. Hermstein 1989; Brown 1991; Brown and Chai-yun, n.d.
37. Barkow 1989.
38. Miller 2000.
39. Hill, Rubin, and Peplau 1976.
40. Buss 1984, 1985, n.d.
41. Buss 1987b; Buss et al. 1990.
42. Buss and Barnes 1986; Kenrick et al. 1993; Thibeau and Kelley 1986.
43. Frank 1988.
44. See Conroy-Beam, Goetz, and Buss (in press), who found that mate value discrepancies predict relationship dissatisfaction within married couples.
45. Trivers 1985.
46. Buss and Schmitt 1993.
47. Jackson 1992.
48. Hughes and Gallup 2003.
49. Brown and Chai-yun, n.d.
50. Ellis 1992, 279–281.
51. Gregor 1985, 35, 96.
52. Buss et al. 1990.
53. Ford and Beach 1951.
54. Hamilton and Zuk 1982.
55. Thornhill and Gangestad 2008.
56. Farrell 1986, 50.
57. Jankowiak and Fisher 1992; Sprecher et al. 1992.
58. Buss 1988c.
59. Sprecher et al. 1992.
60. Thiessen, Young, and Burroughs 1993.
61. Harrison and Saeed 1977.
62. Wiederman 1993.
63. Lukaszewski and Roney 2010.
64. Buss 1991b.
65. Ibid.
66. Lieberman, Tooby, and Cosmides. 2003.
67. Burkett and Kirkpatrick 2006.
68. Buss and Barnes 1986.
69. Secord 1982; Ardener, Ardener, and Warmington 1960.
70. Wiederman and Allgeier 1992; Townsend 1989.
71. Buss 1989a.
72. Gil-Burmann, Peláez, and Sánchez 2002.
73. Khallad 2005; Todosijević, Ljubinković, and Arančić 2003; Moore et al. 2006.
74. Lippa 2007.
75. Singh et al. 1999.
76. Pawlowski and Koziel 2002.
77. Pollet and Nettle 2008.
78. Borgerhoff Mulder 1990.
79. Buss 1989a; Conroy-Beam and Buss, under review.
80. Conroy-Beam, Buss, et al. 2015.
Chapter 3: What Men Want
1. Hill and Hurtado 1996.
2. Apostolou 2014.
3. Symons 1979, 271.
4. Symons 1979; Williams 1975; see also Buss 2015; Buss et al. 2001.
5. Hill 1945; McGinnis 1958; Hudson and Henze 1969; Buss 1989a.
6. Symons 1989, 34–35.
7. Hart and Pilling 1960; see also Buss 1989a.
8. Rudder 2014.
9. Kenrick and Keefe 1992.
10. Kenrick et al. 1996.
11. Guttentag and Secord 1983; Low 1991.
12. Buss 1989a.
13. Hart and Pilling 1960.
14. Orions and Heerwagen 1992; Symons 1979.
15. Ford and Beach 1951.
16. Malinowski 1929, 244.
17. Jackson 1992.
18. Berscheid and Walster 1974; Langlois et al. 1987.
19. Langlois, Roggman, and Reiser-Danner 1990; Cross and Cross 1971.
20. Cunningham et al. 1989.
21. Thakerar and Iwawaki 1979; Morse et al. 1974; Cross and Cross 1971; Jackson 1992.
22. Langlois and Roggman 1990.
23. Gangestad, Thornhill, and Yeo 1994.
24. Ford and Beach 1951.
25. Rosenblatt 1974.
26. Symons 1979.
27. Rozin and Fallon 1988.
28. Singh 1993a, 1993b, 1994.
29. Langhorne and Secord 1955.
30. Hill 1945; McGinnis 1958; Hudson and Henze 1969; Buss 1985, 1989a; Buss and Barnes 1986; Buss et al. 2001.
31. Buss 1987a.
32. Buss, in preparation, a.
33. Lei et al. 2011; Kamble et al. 2014; Souza et al. 2016.
34. Marlow 2004.
35. Low 1979.
36. Buss 1987a.
37. Buss, in preparation, b.
38. Symons 1979.
39. Posner 1992.
40. Wilson 1975, 1978.
41. Jankowiak et al. 1992.
42. Deaux and Hanna 1984.
43. Tripp 1975; Hoffman 1977; Symons 1979, 295.
44. Blumstein and Schwartz 1983.
45. Voland and Engel 1990; Borgerhoff Mulder 1988; Røskraft, Wara, and Viken 1992.
46. Betzig 1992.
47. Elder 1969; Taylor and Glenn 1976; Udry and Eckland 1984.
48. Grammer 1992.
49. Wolf 1991.
50. Kenrick et al. 1994.
51. Kenrick, Gutierres, and Goldberg 1989.
52. Alexander and Noonan 1979; Daniels 1983; Strassman 1981.
53. Alexander and Noonan 1979.
54. Hill 1945; McGinnis 1958; Hudson and Henze 1969; Buss, in preparation, a.
55. Dickemann 1981.
56. Posner 1992.
57. Buss 1989a.
58. Tooby and Cosmides 1989a, 39.
59. Thompson 1983; Weiss and Slosnerick 1981.
60. Buss and Schmitt 1993.
61. Buss 1989b.
62. Greeff et al. 2012; Wolf et al. 2012.
63. Symons 1987.
Chapter 4: Casual Sex
1. Clark and Hatfield 1989.
2. Guéguen 2011.
3. Baranowski and Hecht 2015.
4. Smith 1984.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.; Short 1979.
7. Baker and Bellis 1994.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Symons 1979, 207.
12. Buss and Schmitt 1993.
13. Schmitt 2003.
14. Kennair et al. 2009.
15. Eagly and Wood 1999.
16. Lippa 2009.
17. Schmitt 2003.
18. Kuhle et al. 2016.
19. Buss and Schmitt 1993.
20. Bermant 1976.
21. Symons 1979.
22. James 1981; Kinsey, Pomeroy, and Martin 1953; quote from Symons 1979, 208.
23. Kinsey, Pomeroy, and Martin 1948, 1953.
24. Hite 2004.
25. Athanasiou, Shaver, and Tavris 1970; Hite 1987; Hunt 1974.
26. Thompson 1983; Lawson 1988.
27. Symons 1979.
28. Elwin 1968, 47.
29. Schapera 1940, 193.
30. Gregor 1985, 84, 72.
31. Flaubert 1950, 203.
32. O’Donohue and Plaud 1991.
33. Kinsey et al. 1948, 589.
34. Ellis and Symons 1990.
35. Hunt 1974.
36. Wilson 1987, 126.
37. Barclay 1973, 209.
38. Ellis and Symons 1990, 544.
39. Barclay 1973, 211.
40. Ellis and Symons 1990.
41. Galperin et al. 2013.
42. Campbell 2008.
43. Gladue and Delaney 1990; Nida and Koon 1983; Pennybaker et al. 1979.
44. Haselton and Buss 2001.
45. Symons 1979.
46. Saghir and Robins 1973.
47. Ruse 1988.
48. Symons 1979, 300.
49. Burley and Symanski 1981; Smith 1984; Symons 1979.
50. Kinsey et al. 1948, 1953.
51. Buss and Schmitt 1993; Small 1992; Smith 1984; Smuts 1985; Barkow 1989; Thornhill 1992; Wilson and Daly 1992.
52. Malinowski 1929, 269.
53. Buss and Schmitt 1993.
54. Burley and Symanski 1981.
55. Janus and Janus 1993.
56. Buss and Schmitt 1993.
57. Ibid.
58. Smuts 1992.
59. Biocca 1970.
60. Smuts 1985.
61. Smith 1984, 614.
62. Colwell and Oring 1989.
63. Glass and Wright 1985.
64. Greiling 1993; Greiling and Buss 2000; see also Spanier and Margolis 1983 and Terman 1938.
65. Symons 1979; Baker and Bellis 1994; see also Gangestad 1989; Gangestad and Simpson 1990.
66. Fisher 1958.
67. Buss and Schmitt 1993; Kenrick et al. 1993.
68. Gildersleeve, Haselton, and Fales 2014.
69. Buss and Shackelford 2008.
70. Symons 1979.
71. Daly and Wilson 1988.
72. Kim Hill, personal communication, May 17, 1991.
73. Muehlenhard and Linton 1987.
74. Hill and Hurtado 1996.
75. Daly and Wilson 1988.
76. Wilson and Daly 1992.
77. Holmes and Sherman 1982.
78. Waynforth, Hurtado, and Hill 1998.
79. Ellis et al. 1999; Surbey and Conohan, 2000.
80. Frayser 1985; Gregor 1985.
81. Guttentag and Secord 1983; Pedersen 1991.
82. Gaulin and Schlegel 1980.
83. Hill and Kaplan 1988; Kim Hill, personal communication, May 17, 1991.
84. Posner 1992.
85. Betzig 1992.
Chapter 5: Attracting a Partner
1. Kevles 1986.
2. Buss 1988a; Schmitt and Buss 1996.
3. Buss and Dedden 1990.
4. Cloyd 1976.
5. Iredale, Van Vugt, and Dunbar 2008.
6. Buss and Schmitt 1993.
7. Hill, Nocks, and Gardner 1987.
8. Townsend and Levy 1990.
9. Holmberg 1950, 58.
10. Ovid 1982, 199.
11. La Cerra, Cosmides, and Tooby 1993.
12. Schmitt and Buss 1996.
13. Tooke and Camire 1991.
14. Buss, in preparation, d.
15. Nancy Jo Sales, “Tinder and the Dawning of the ‘Dating Apocalypse,’” Vanity Fair, August 6, 2015, http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2015/08/tinder-hook-up-culture-end-of-dating.
16. Margulis and Sagan 1991, 103; Trivers 1985, 395; Thornhill and Alcock 1983.
17. Allon and Fishel 1979, 150.
18. Chagnon 1988.
19. Barkow 1989.
20. Cloyd 1976, 300.
21. Kiesler and Baral 1970; Stroebe 1977.
22. Cloyd 1976; Nesse 1990. Quote from a man in the bar, told to Buss in 1994.
23. Howard 1981.
24. Schmitt and Buss 1996.
25. Ibid.
26. Dawkins 1976; Symons 1979; Buss and Chiodo 1991.
27. Allon and Fishel 1979, 152.
28. Buss, in preparation, b.
29. Graziano et al. 1993.
30. Wolf 1991, 11.
31. Buss and Dedden 1990.
32. Barth 1987.
33. Buss 1988a; Schmitt and Buss 1996.
34. Hatfield and Rapson 1993.
35. Hatfield et al. 1973.
36. Kim Hill, personal communication, May 17, 1991.
37. Wade and Slemp 2015.
38. Brak-Lamy 2015.
39. Hill et al. 1987.
40. Allon and Fishel 1979, 137, 139.
41. Abbey 1982.
42. Givins 1978.
43. Goetz et al. 2012.
44. Goetz, Easton, and Buss 2014; Goetz, Easton, and Meston 2014.
45. Buss and Barnes 1986; Buss 1988a.
46. Bressler, Martin, and Balshine 2006.
47. Li et al. 2009.
48. Miller 2000.
49. Zahavi 1975.
50. Pinker 1997, 523.
51. Ibid., 534.
52. Buss 2016; Daly and Wilson 1988; Guttentag and Secord 1983; Pedersen 1991.
Chapter 6: Staying Together
1. Thornhill and Alcock 1983.
2. Alcock 1981.
3. Alexander 1962.
4. Thornhill and Alcock 1983.
5. Abele and Gilchrist 1977; Parker 1970.
6. Buss 1988b; Buss and Barnes 1986; Kenrick et al. 1993.
7. Buss and Shackelford 1997.
8. Schmitt and Buss 2001.
9. Schmitt 2001.
10. Arnocky, Sunderani, and Vaillancourt 2013.
11. Ein-Dor et al. 2015.
12. Alexander and Noonan 1979; Daly et al. 1982.
13. Shettel-Neuber, Bryson, and Young 1978; Buss, in preparation, c.
14. Daly and Wilson 1988, 182.
15. Safilios-Rothschild 1969, 78–79.
16. White 1981.
17. Buunk and Hupka 1987.
18. Teisman and Mosher 1978.
19. Francis 1977.
20. Buss et al. 1992.
21. Baschnagel and Edlund 2016.
22. Gottschalk 1936.
23. Buunk and Hupka 1987.
24. DeSteno and Salovey 1996.
25. Buss et al. 1999.
26. Scelza 2014.
27. Kuhle 2011.
28. Buss 2013; Sagarin et al. 2012.
29. Bendixen et al. 2015.
30. Takahashi et al. 2006.
31. Ibid., 1299.
32. Buss et al. 2000; Fussell and Stollery 2012.
33. Fussell and Stollery 2012, 155.
34. Ibid., 156–157.
35. Easton, Schipper, and Shackelford 2007.
36. Andrews et al. 2008; Goetz and Causey 2009.
37. Miller and Maner 2009.
38. Buss 1988b.
39. Buss and Shackelford 1997.
40. Lopes et al. 2016.
41. Shettel-Neuber et al. 1978.
42. White 1980.
43. Schmitt and Buss 2001.
44. Dickemann 1981.
45. Betzig, in preparation, 17.
46. Dass 1970, 78.
47. Saletore 1978, 64; Saletore 1974, 61.
48. Van Gulik 1974, 17.
49. Cienza de Leon 1959, 41.
50. Smuts and Smuts 1993.
51. Miner, Starratt, and Shackelford 2009.
52. Daly and Wilson 1988; Russell 1990; Wilson 1989; Margo Wilson, personal communication, June 1993.
53. Buss and Duntley 2011.
54. Daly et al. 1982.
55. Miller 1980.
56. Hosken 1979.
57. Daly et al. 1982; Hosken 1979, 2.
58. Handy 1923, cited in Daly and Wilson 1988, 204.
59. Rasmussen 1931.
60. Wilson and Daly 1992, 311.
61. Chimbos 1978, 54.
62. Daly and Wilson 1988, 196.
63. Miller 1980.
64. Daly et al. 1982.
65. Ibid.
66. Lobban 1972; Tanner 1970; Bohannan 1960.
67. Lobban 1972.
68. Daly et al. 1982.
69. Daly and Wilson 1988.
70. Buss and Shackelford 1997.
Chapter 7: Sexual Conflict
1. Buss 1989b.
2. Byers and Lewis 1988.
3. Haselton and Buss 2000.
4. Saal, Johnson, and Weber 1989; see Abbey 1982 for comparable results.
5. Abbey and Melby 1986.
6. Haselton 2003.
7. Perilloux, Easton, and Buss 2012.
8. Ibid.; Buss and Shackelford 2008.
9. Semmelroth and Buss, unpublished data.
10. Goetz, Easton, and Meston 2014.
11. Ellis and Symons 1990; Hazan 1983.
12. Thornhill and Thornhill 1990a, 1990b.
13. Buss 1989b.
14. Buss, unpublished data from longitudinal study of 107 married couples.
15. Semmelroth and Buss, unpublished data.
16. Buss, unpublished data from longitudinal study of 107 married couples.
17. Zahavi 1977.
18. Buss, unpublished data from longitudinal study of 107 married couples.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Blumstein and Schwartz 1983.
23. Conroy-Beam, Goetz, and Buss 2015.
24. Buss, unpublished data from longitudinal study of 107 married couples.
25. Trivers 1985.
26. Semmelroth and Buss, unpublished data.
27. Cassell 1984, 155.
28. Semmelroth and Buss, unpublished data.
29. Ibid.
30. A Streetcar Named Desire (1951, Warner Bros.), directed by Elia Kazan, screenplay by Tennessee Williams and Oscar Saul.
31. Daly and Wilson 1988.
32. Wilson 1989; Margo Wilson, personal communication, June 1993.
33. The term “mansplaining,” coined by Rebecca Solnit in 2012, refers to a patronizing manner in which a man explains something to a woman; see Rebecca Solnit, “Men Still Explain Things to Me,” The Nation, August 20, 2012, https://www.thenation.com/article/men-still-explain-things-me/.
34. Whitehurst 1971.
35. Rounsaville 1978.
36. Hilberman and Munson 1978.
37. Daly and Wilson 1988; Russell 1990.
38. Chagnon 1983.
39. Buss, unpublished data from longitudinal study of 107 married couples.
40. Studd and Gattiker 1991, 251.
41. Terpstra and Cook 1985.
42. Studd and Gattiker 1991.
43. Ibid.
44. Ibid.
45. Terpstra and Cook 1985.
46. Ibid.
47. Gutek 1985.
48. Semmelroth and Buss, unpublished data.
49. Studd and Gattiker, in preparation.
50. Semmelroth and Buss, unpublished data.
51. Koss and Oros 1982.
52. Muehlenhard and Linton 1987.
53. Impett and Peplau 2002.
54. Gavey 1991.
55. Russell 1990.
56. Malamuth, Heavey, and Linz 1993; Thornhill and Thornhill 1992.
57. Thornhill 1980a, 1980b.
58. Thornhill and Palmer 2000.
59. Malamuth 1992; Thornhill and Thornhill 1992.
60. Mazur 1992.
61. Thornhill and Thornhill 1983.
62. Freemont 1975, 244–246.
63. Lalumiere et al. 1996.
64. Thornhill and Palmer 2000.
65. Thornhill and Thornhill 1983.
66. Gottschall and Gottschall 2003. Most studies that compare rape-pregnancy rates with pregnancy rates from consensual sex are confounded in various ways. Some collapse across all categories of rape, such as forced oral sex, anal sex, and penile-vaginal rape, and compare them with penile-vaginal rape resulting from consensual sex. Most fail to factor in the widespread use of emergency contraception given to rape victims, for example, the “morning after pill.” The Gottschall study is the first to provide systematic controls for these variables.
67. See Jones 1999, who provided the label for this objection to rape-as-adaptation theories.
68. Malamuth 1981.
69. Young and Thiessen 1992.
70. Malamuth 1986; Malamuth et al. 1991; see also Lalumiere 2005.
71. Russell 1990.
72. Symons 1979, 284.
73. Griffin 1971.
74. S. Mydans, Austin American Statesman, March 24, 2002, A25.
75. Buss 1989b.
76. Hartung, n.d.
77. Gilmore 1990.
78. Gregor 1985.
79. Brownmiller 1975.
80. Colin Falconer, “Genghis Khan but You Can’t,” September 12, 2013, http://colinfalconer.org/genghis-khan-but-you-cant-2/; quoted in slightly different form in Royle 1989.
81. Smuts 1992, 1.
82. Rogel 1976. This finding appears to contradict the Gotschall study, which found a surprisingly high rape-pregnancy rate; future research must resolve the apparent opposition of these two findings.
83. Morgan 1981.
84. Chavanne and Gallup 1998.
85. Ibid.
86. Morris and Udry 1970.
87. Studies summarized by Hickman and Muehlenhard 1997.
88. Ibid.
89. Ibid.
90. Pawson and Banks 1993.
91. Hickman and Muehlenhard 1997.
92. Wilson and Mesnick 1997.
93. Ibid., 507.
94. Ryder et al. 2016.
95. Thornhill and Palmer 2000.
Chapter 8: Breaking Up
1. Battaglia et al. 1998.
2. Howell 1979.
3. Kim Hill, personal communication, 1991.
4. Daly and Wilson 1988; Trinkaus and Zimmerman 1982.
5. Hill and Hurtado 1996.
6. Chagnon 1983.
7. Tooby and DeVore 1987.
8. Conroy-Beam et al., in press.
9. Betzig 1989.
10. Daly and Wilson 1988.
11. Kinsey et al. 1948, 1953.
12. See, for example, Buss 2000; Blow and Hartnett 2005.
13. Conlan 2007.
14. Gladwin and Sarason 1953, 128.
15. Erickson and Zenone 1976.
16. Fisher 1992.
17. Radcliffe-Brown 1922.
18. Beardsley, Hall, and Ward 1959.
19. Chagnon 1983; Hart and Pilling 1960; Buss 1989a.
20. Fisher 1992.
21. Ibid.
22. Buss, unpublished studies.
23. Ibid.
24. Betzig 1989; Fisher 1992.
25. Weiss 1975, 19.
26. Cherlin 1981; Fisher 1992; Whyte 1990.
27. Bowe 1992, 200.
28. Brown 1991; Hartung et al. 1982; Symons 1979.
29. Seiler 1976.
30. Cuber and Harroff 1965.
31. Borgerhoff Mulder 1985, 1988.
32. Stern 1933, 35.
33. Murdock and Wilson 1972.
34. Ames 1953.
35. Betzig 1989.
36. Bowe 1992.
37. Elwin 1949, 70.
38. Bunzel 1952, 132.
39. Daly and Wilson 1988.
40. McCrae and Costa 1990.
41. Buss 1991b.
42. Bunzel 1952, 132.
43. Boutwell, Barnes, and Beaver 2015; Conlan 2007.
44. Duntley and Buss 2012; Perilloux and Buss 2008.
45. Perilloux and Buss 2008.
46. Meston and Buss 2009.
47. Perilloux and Buss 2008.
48. Duntley and Buss 2012.
49. Buss et al. 2017.
Chapter 9: Changes over Time
1. De Waal 1982.
2. Borgerhoff Mulder 1988.
3. Schneider 1964, 53.
4. Goldschmidt 1974.
5. Henss 1992.
6. Hart and Pilling 1960.
7. Buss, unpublished data from longitudinal study of 107 married couples.
8. Udry 1980.
9. Greeley 1991.
10. James 1981.
11. Margolin and White 1987.
12. Pfeiffer and Davis 1972.
13. Buss, unpublished data from longitudinal study of 107 married couples.
14. Buss and Shackelford 1997.
15. Flinn 1988.
16. Dickemann 1979.
17. Daly and Wilson 1988.
18. H. H. Munro (Saki), http://www.quotationspage.com/quote/21852.html; also cited in Byrne 1988.
19. Kinsey et al. 1948, 1953.
20. Green, Lee, and Lustig 1974.
21. Daly and Wilson 1988.
22. Easton et al. 2010.
23. Spanier and Margolis 1983.
24. Thompson 1984.
25. Glass and Wright 1985.
26. Johnson 1970.
27. Terman 1938.
28. Sigusch and Schmidt 1971.
29. Kinsey et al. 1948, 1953.
30. Buss, unpublished data from longitudinal study of 107 married couples.
31. Betzig 1992.
32. Quoted in Symons 1979, 166.
33. Hill and Hurtado 1991; Jones 1975; Croze, Hillman, and Lang 1981.
34. Hill and Hurtado 1991.
35. Utian 1980, cited in Pavelka and Fedigan 1991.
36. Alexander 1990.
37. Hill and Hurtado 1991.
38. Alexander 1990; Dawkins 1976; Hill and Hurtado 1991; Williams 1957.
39. Hill and Hurtado 1991.
40. Shanley et al. 2007.
41. Lahdenperä et al. 2004.
42. Hill and Hurtado 1991.
43. Hill and Hurtado 1996.
44. Kaplan and Hill 1985; Kaplan, Hill, and Hurtado 1984; Hill and Hurtado 1989; Hill and Kaplan 1988.
45. Hart and Pilling 1960.
46. Shostak 1981.
47. Kim Hill, personal communication, 1991.
48. Hill and Hurtado 1996.
49. Jencks 1979.
50. Hewlett 1991.
51. Trivers 1985.
52. Daly and Wilson 1988; Trivers 1985.
53. U.S. Census Bureau, “America’s Families and Living Arrangements: 2015: Adults,” http://www.census.gov/hhes/families/data/cps2015A.html.
54. Hart and Pilling 1960.
55. Wilson and Daly 1985.
56. Livingston 2014.
57. Chamie and Nsuly 1981.
58. Pedersen 1991.
59. Ibid.
60. Markman, Stanley, and Storaasili 1991.
61. Gaulin and Boster 1990; Pedersen 1991.
62. Flinn 1988.
63. Wilson 1989, 53.
64. Thornhill and Thornhill 1983.
65. Divale and Harris 1976.
66. Daly and Wilson 1988.
67. Thornhill and Thornhill 1983.
Chapter 10: Harmony Between the Sexes
1. Baker and Bellis 1994; Buss and Schmitt 1993; Betzig 1989.
2. Gowaty 1992; MacKinnon 1987; Smuts 1995; Ortner 1974; Ortner and Whitehead 1981; Daly and Wilson 1988.
3. Buss 1989a.
4. Hall and DeVore 1965; de Waal 1982.
5. Connor, Smolker, and Richards 1992.
6. Goodall 1986.
7. Alexander 1987; Chagnon 1983.
8. Tooby and Cosmides 1989b.
9. Smuts 1995.
10. This analysis of resource inequality, of course, does not deny the existence of other contributing causes, such as the sexist practice of giving women and men unequal pay for the same work.
11. Smuts 1995.
12. Brownmiller 1975.
13. Daly and Wilson 1988; Smuts 1992.
14. Buss and Dedden 1990; Hrdy 1981.
15. Hewlett 1991.
16. Shostak 1981.
17. Lei et al. 2011.
18. Belsky et al. 1991.
19. Kim Hill, personal communication, 1991.
20. Chagnon 1983; Chagnon, personal communication, 1991.
21. Brownmiller 1975.
22. Tooby and Cosmides 1989a.
23. Malamuth 1981;Young and Thiessen 1992.
24. Weisfeld et al. 1992.