Any statements in the text which are not footnoted come from Edward II’s last chamber account of 24 May 1325 to 31 October 1326, now held in the library of the Society of Antiquaries in London, manuscript no. 122 (SAL MS 122).
1. Calendar of Coroners Rolls of the City of London A. D. 1300–1378, ed. R. R. Sharpe (1913) [hereafter Coroners Rolls], 139–40. Alis’s name means that either she or Richard had worked as a maker of purses.
2. The National Archives [hereafter TNA] E [Exchequer] 101/380/4, fo. 22v.
3. Ian Mortimer, The Time Traveller’s Guide to Medieval England (2008), 100.
4. Calendar of the Patent Rolls [hereafter CPR], Edward II vol. 5, 1324–27 (1904), 205.
5. CPR 1324–27, 204; Calendar of Chancery Warrants Preserved in the Public Record Office, A. D. 1244–1326 (1927) [hereafter CCW], 572.
6. CPR 1324–27, 206; Calendar of the Close Rolls [hereafter CCR], vol. 9, 1323–27 (1898), 452, 533.
7. CPR 1324–27, 208–12.
8. SAL MS 122, 24, 44–5; Calendar of Memoranda Rolls Michaelmas 1326– Michaelmas 1327 (Exchequer) (1968) [hereafter CMR], no. 2202; TNA E 101/380/4, fos. 17v, 19r. The location, Henley near Guildford, is also called Ash Manor, and Edward II purchased the manor-house in 1324; see http://www.gatehouse-gazetteer.info/English%20sites/4456.html, accessed 20 December 2018.
9. E 101/380/4, fos. 20v, 24r; CPR 1324–27, 142.
10. CPR 1317–21, 536.
11. CPR 1324–27, 145–6; Calendar of Letter-Books Preserved Among the Archives of the Corporation of the City of London at the Guildhall, Letter-Book E, 1314–1337 [hereafter: Letter-Book E], ed. R. R. Sharpe (1903), 201–2.
12. E 101/380/4, fos. 16r, 24v.
13. TNA C [Chancery] 53/112, nos. 17–23.
14. The earls were Norfolk, Kent, Leicester, Chester (the king’s elder son Edward of Windsor), Surrey, Arundel, Winchester, Oxford and Richmond, and the underage heirs were Warwick, Pembroke and Hereford. The last earl of Lincoln and Salisbury died in 1311 and the last earl of Cornwall in 1312, and the earl of Carlisle was executed in 1323. The first English duke was Edward II’s grandson Edward of Woodstock (1330–76), made duke of Cornwall in 1337.
15. CCW, 573.
16. Coroners Rolls, 140–1.
17. CCR 1318–23, 700; CCR 1323–27, 613–3, 648; CCR 1327–30, 177–8; CCR 1333–37, 532; CPR 1324–27, 194; Letter-Book E, 38; Coroners Rolls, 100; Calendar of Wills Proved and Enrolled in the Court of Husting, London, Part 1: 1258–1358, ed. R. R. Sharpe (1889), 336–7, 505 [hereafter: Wills Proved]; Memorials of London and London Life in the 13th, 14th and 15th Centuries, ed. H. T. Riley (1868), 131–2 [hereafter: Memorials of London].
18. TNA E 101/380/4, fos. 11r, 22v, 24r; E 101/380/6, fos. 4r-5v; E 101/381/11; SAL MS 122, 25, 50, 64. For Ivo, see also Constance Bullock-Davies, A Register of Royal and Baronial Domestic Minstrels 1272–1327 (1986), 212; R. Rastall, ‘Citolers in the Household of the Kings of England’, The British Museum Citole: New Perspectives, ed. J. Robinson, N. Speakman and K. Buehler-McWilliams (2015), 46–7. For Annote, see TNA SC [Special Collections] 8/80/3990; CCR 1337–39, 54.
19. Bullock-Davies, Register of Minstrels, 19; TNA E 101/379/17, mem. 4.
20. Croniques de London, ed. J. G. Aungier (1844), 35 [hereafter: Croniques]; Annales Londonienses 1195–1330, in ed. W. Stubbs, Chronicles of the Reigns of Edward I and Edward II, vol. 1 (1882), 158 [hereafter: Ann Lond]; Annales Paulini, in Stubbs, Chronicles of the Reigns, vol. 1, 268 [hereafter: Ann Paul].
21. The Brut or the Chronicles of England, part 1, ed. F. W. D. Brie (1906), 221 [hereafter: Brut]; Le Livere de Reis de Brittanie e Le Livere de Reis de Engletere, ed. J. Glover (1865), 341 [hereafter: Livere]; Derek Vincent Stern, A Hertfordshire Demesne of Westminster Abbey: Profits, Productivity and Weather, ed. Christopher Thornton (2000), 98–9.
22. London Assize of Nuisance 1301–1431: A Calendar, ed. Helena M. Chew and William Kellaway (1973), no. 281, available at https://www.british-history.ac.uk/london-record-soc/vol10/pp54–69, accessed 12 October 2018.
23. Memorials of London, xvi, xlvi, 67; Coroners Rolls, 43, 62.
24. Coroners Rolls, 142; S. L. Uckelman, Middle English Bynames in Early Fourteenth-Century London (2014), 61, 97.
25. Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous, vol. 2, 1308–1348 (1916), no. 894 [hereafter: CIM].
26. Ann Paul, 311; CPR 1327–30, 42, 125.
27. TNA SC 8/165/8222; CPR 1327–30, 31, 69.
28. Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, vol. 6, 1317–27 (1910), no. 657 [hereafter: CIPM].
29. TNA SC 1/49/60; C 53/112, nos. 19, 22.
30. CPR 1258–66, 465; CIPM 1327–26, no. 80; The Complete Peerage by G. E. Cokayne, revised by Vicary Gibbs, vol. 7 (1929), 637 [hereafter: CP].
31. CPR 1317–21, 186; TNA SC 8/233/11624.
32. E. L. G. Stones, ‘The Folvilles of Ashby-Folville, Leicestershire, and their Associates in Crime, 1326–1347’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 7 (1957), 117–36 (at p. 119).
33. CIPM 1317–27, no. 708; CCR 1323–27, 452–3; CPR 1324–27, 114, 247; CFR 1319–27, 386; TNA C 143/178/5; CIPM 1327–36, no. 234; CIPM 1365–69, no. 215.
34. Calendar of Charter Rolls, vol. 3, 1300–26 (1908), 481–2, 485–6 [hereafter: CChR]; CCR 1323–27, 559.
35. CPR 1324–27, 238.
36. Coroners Rolls, 143–4.
37. CIM, nos. 905, 916.
38. CMR, no. 763; CIM, no. 143.
39. CPR 1324–27, 215.
1. CIPM 1336–46, no. 673.
2. CIPM 1347–52, no. 61.
3. CPR 1324–27, 241; CIPM 1327–36, no. 121; Calendar of the Fine Rolls, vol. 4, 1327–37 (1913), 80, 85, 432 [hereafter: CFR]; CPR 1334–38, 57.
4. CIPM 1347–52, no. 674; CIPM 1352–60, no. 656; CIPM 1392–99, no. 322.
5. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography [hereafter: ODNB] estimates Wycliffe’s date of birth as mid-1320s and Langland’s as c. 1325.
6. ODNB, ‘Richard Wallingford (c. 1292–1336)’.
7. ODNB, ‘William Ockham (c. 1287–1347)’; Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers Relating to Great Britain and Ireland: Papal Letters, vol. 2, 1305– 41, ed. W. H. Bliss (1895), 485, 489, 490, 492 [hereafter: CPL].
8. CCR 1323–27, 545.
9. Historiae Anglicanae Scriptores Decem, ed. Roger Twysden (1652), column 2767–8.
10. E 101/380/4, fos. 17r, 23v, 30v.
11. Memorials of London, 142.
12. Memorials of London, 129–30, 133, 139, 140–1; CCW, 577.
13. Memorials of London, 119–23, 165.
14. CPR 1321–24, 107, 160, 385. Stephen Alard’s tomb still exists in the church of St Thomas Becket in Winchelsea, and two carved heads on it are believed to represent Edward II and his queen Isabella of France.
15. E 101/380/4, fo. 32v.
16. Information from The Gascon Rolls Project at gasconrolls.org, accessed 12 November 2018, and CCW, 270, 407, 417.
17. CIPM 1272–91, no. 742; CPR 1307–13, 66, 95; CPR 1358–61, 380; CPR 1364–67, 95; CPR 1467–77, 394. Maud died before 23 May 1336, and she and Oliver had no children: CPR 1334–38, 271.
18. Thomas Stapleton, ‘A Brief Summary of the Wardrobe Accounts of the tenth, eleventh and fourteenth years of King Edward the Second’, Archaeologia, 26 (1836), 339; CPR 1307–13, 95, 271, 301, 386, 481, 494, 516; CPR 1317–21, 259; CPR 1324–27, 214; CPR 1327–30, 236; CCR 1318–23, 311.
19. CFR 1307–19, 14; CCR 1313–18, 66.
20. CCR 1323–27, 543.
21. CIPM 1300–07, no. 235.
22. CIM, no. 871.
23. Calendar of Early Mayors’ Court Rolls 1298–1307, ed. A. H. Thomas (1924), 23–4; Coroners Rolls, 46–7.
24. Memorials of London, 86–7.
25. TNA E 101/379/17, mem. 2; CCR 1327–30, 47–8; E 101/380/4, fo. 16r.
26. CPR 1324–27, 243.
27. Coroners Rolls, 147–8.
28. CPL 1305–41, 532; CCR 1323–27, 339, 353.
29. TNA E 101/379/17, mem. 3.
30. CPR 1324–27, 283, 290.
31. CPR 1324–27, 244; TNA SC 8/38/1880.
32. CCW, 463; Foedera, Conventiones, Litterae, vol. 2, part 1, 1307–27, ed. Thomas Rymer (1818), 315, 357 [hereafter: Foedera].
33. Katherine of Aragon was descended from Edward via his grandson John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster (1340–99) and John’s daughters Philippa, queen of Portugal (1360–1415) and Katherine, queen of Castile (1372/3–1418). Katherine of Aragon’s husband Henry VIII was Edward’s five greats-grandson.
34. Coroners Rolls, 149–53; CPR 1324–27, 283; Two Early London Subsidy Rolls: the Subsidy Roll of 1319 for Candlewick Ward, available at http://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/early-london-subsidy-rolls/pp237-242, accessed 18 October 2018; CCR 1327–30, 575. A knight called John of Norwich was pardoned for Felton’s death in June 1334: CPR 1330–34, 552.
35. CPR 1324–27, 285–6. The office of keeper of the peace dated back to the 1190s, and by Edward II’s time they were appointed in every English county.
1. The phrase in Edward’s accounts (SAL MS 122, p. 54) is cotes hardies od les chapons, ‘with the hoods’. An ell is a measurement, originally the length of an adult man’s arm or about 22 or 23 inches, later set at 45 inches. Coggeshall is a town in Essex which had a thriving cloth trade in the Middle Ages.
2. CCR 1323–27, 451.
3. TNA C 53/112, nos. 11, 13.
4. CPR 1324–27, 250, 284; CCR 1323–27, 550–1; CFR 1319–27, 382, 386; CMR, no. 2264.
5. CIPM 1317–27, no. 740.
6. CIPM 1327–36, no. 250.
7. John was still imprisoned in the Tower in August 1323: ‘Plea Rolls for Staffordshire’, in Staffordshire Historical Collections, vol. 10, part 1, ed. G Wrottesley (1889), 44.
8. CIPM 1327–36, nos. 52, 77.
9. CPR 1324–27, 287; CCR 1323–27, 569; CCR 1330–33, 99.
10. CPR 1327–30, 84–6; J. G. Bellamy, ‘The Coterel Gang: An Anatomy of a Band of Fourteenth-Century Criminals’, English Historical Review, 313 (1964), 698–717 (at pp. 700–2, 704, 711, 714).
11. CCR 1323–27, 549.
12. CCR 1323–27, 549; TNA C 53/112, nos. 3, 5, 6.
13. CCR 1323–27, 551.
14. E 101/380/4, fo. 7r; SAL MS 122, 51.
15. CPR 1292–1301, 425; Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland, vol. 5 (Supplementary), ed. Grant G. Simpson and James D. Galbraith (1881–8), no. 492.
16. CPR 1321–24, 12, 29.
17. Memorials of London, 83–4; Wills Proved, 552.
18. CCR 1323–27, 552.
19. Margaret Howell, Eleanor of Provence: Queenship in Thirteenth-Century England (1998), 289–90.
20. CFR 1319–27, 382; CCR 1323–27, 472–3; CIPM 1317–27, no. 703; CIPM 1336–46, no. 670.
21. The War of Saint-Sardos (1323–1325): Gascon Correspondence and Diplomatic Documents, ed. Pierre Chaplais (1954), 124.
22. Jeanne de Bar was the daughter of Henri III (d. 1302), count of Bar in eastern France, and Edward II’s eldest sister Eleanor (1269–98).
23. CPR 1324–27, 284; CCR 1323–27, 456, 561; ‘Plea Rolls for Staffordshire’, 57–75. Available on British History Online, accessed 22 October 2018.
24. CPL 1305–41, 269, 271.
25. http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/member/ipstones-sir-john-1394, accessed 10 September 2018.
26. CPR 1324–27, 287; CFR 1319–27, 373. Bisshebury was also replaced as constable of Conwy Castle on 30 January 1326 by Alina Burnell: CPR 1317–21, 407; CPR 1324–27, 215.
27. CCR 1323–27, 456.
28. TNA SC 8/18/863.
29. CIM, no. 848.
30. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/staffs-hist-collection/vol10/pt1/pp30-34, accessed 15 July 2018; CPR 1307–13, 317–8; CPR 1313–37, 516.
31. Kathryn Warner, ‘The Adherents of Edmund of Woodstock, Earl of Kent, in March 1330’, English Historical Review, 126 (2011), 779–805 (at pp. 787– 8, 797–8).
32. CCR 1323–27, 578–9; Foedera 1307–27, 622–3.
33. James Conway Davies, ‘The First Journal of Edward II’s Chamber’, English Historical Review, 30 (1915), 662–80 (at p. 676).
34. Coroners Rolls, 152–4.
35. CPR 1324–27, 254 (also gives Zouche’s children).
36. CIPM 1317–27, nos. 328, 740; CIPM 1327–36, no. 44; CIPM 1352–60, no. 42.
37. CPR 1324–27, 248, 253, 256, 257, 296, 297, 301, etc.
38. CCR 1323–27, 535, 544.
39. CCR 1323–27, 191, 544.
40. English Historical Documents, vol. 3, 1189–1327, ed. H. Rothwell (1995), 409.
41. CPR 1324–27, 281, 287, 288.
42. For the Palmere family, see Wills Proved, 412, 434, 474, 600, 602; Coroners Rolls, 90–91, 102–4.
1. T. F. Tout, The Place of the Reign of Edward II in English History (2nd edition, 1936), 253.
2. Mortimer, Time Traveller’s Guide, 99–100.
3. CCR 1323–27, 557.
4. CCR 1323–27, 556–7. Afonso IV (b. 1291) was the son of King Diniz, himself the son of another Beatriz of Castile, daughter of Edward II’s uncle Alfonso X of Castile (d. 1284), and was thus Edward’s first cousin twice removed; Afonso IV’s queen Beatriz (b. 1293) was the daughter of Sancho IV of Castile, son of Alfonso X, and she was thus Edward’s first cousin once removed. Her brother was Fernando IV (r. 1295–1312) and the reigning king of Castile, Alfonso XI, was her nephew.
5. CPR 1324–27, 260.
6. CCR 1323–27, 253–4, 314, 344, 346, 350–1.
7. Foedera 1307–27, 625; CCR 1323–27, 561.
8. Brut, 253 (modernised spelling).
9. Coroners Rolls, 153–4.
10. CPR 1324–27, 289; Foedera 1307–27, 625.
11. CIPM 1317–27, no. 666; CCR 1323–27, 553–4; CFR 1319–27, 386; CIPM 1336–46, no. 684; CCR 1337–39, 156.
12. CCR 1323–27, 469; SC 8/233/11618.
13. CCR 1323–27, 408, 409, and CFR 1319–27, 364 (Alan’s heir); CPR 1327– 30, 181 (Kilpeck); CIPM 1291–1300, no. 543; CIPM 1317–27, no. 687; CIPM 1327–36, no. 75; CP, vol. 10, 554–6 (Alan’s temper). Eleanor de Bohun was one of the children of Edward II’s fifth sister Elizabeth, countess of Hereford (1282–1316).
14. The Very Rev. John Merewether, ‘Account of the Opening of the Coffin of Joanna de Bohun, in the Lady Chapel of Hereford Cathedral’, Archaeologia, 32 (1847), 61.
15. SAL MS 122, 61; CMR, no. 2264.
16. E 101/380/4, fos. 17r, 24r.
17. Foedera 1307–27, 626; CCR 1323–27, 476.
18. E 101/380/4, fos. 28v, 32v. Edward also had ‘two very beautiful long houses’ built at Little London in 1325.
1. CPR 1324–27, 269, 274; CPR 1327–30, 98–9; Calendar of the Plea and Memoranda Rolls of the City of London [hereafter: CPMR], vol. 1, 1323–64, ed. A. H. Thomas (1926), 43–4.
2. TNA SC 8/32/1579; SC 8/42/2083; SC 8/263/13128; SC 8/160/7979; SC 8/146/7291; SC 8/164/8170; CPR 1330–34, 362–3.
3. CCR 1323–27, 558, 566, 569, 633, 637, 638.
4. Foedera 1307–27, 79; fist il cloustre en brael le portur.
5. CPR 1324–27, 178, 271.
6. Chaplais, War of Saint Sardos, 143, 145, 171.
7. Alumni Cantabrigienses, vol. 1, part 4, ed. John Venn and J. A. Venn (1927), 76; Admissions to Trinity College, Cambridge, vol. 1, ed. W. W. Rouse Ball and J. A. Venn (1916), 86–95; E. B. Fryde, ‘The Deposits of Hugh Despenser the Younger with Italian Bankers’, Economic History Review, new series, vol. 3 (1951), 362.
8. Davies, ‘First Journal’, 676.
9. CCW, 427, 501.
10. CCW, 578.
11. C 241/81/56; CPR 1307–13, 260; CPR 1327–30, 35.
12. Foedera 1307–27, 627; CPR 1324–27, 267.
13. CCR 1323–27, 565.
14. CCR 1323–27, 478.
15. Walter E. Rhodes, ‘The Inventory of the Jewels and Wardrobe of Queen Isabella’, English Historical Review, 12 (1897), 518–21 (in French).
16. Brut, 220.
17. Memorials of London, 20.
18. Coroners Rolls, 155–6.
19. CCR 1323–27, 479.
20. CCR 1323–27, 424; CPR 1321–24, 210; CPR 1324–27, 183; CIM, no. 527 (p. 134).
21. E 101/380/4, fo. 23v; CPR 1281–92, 462; Ann Lond, 199; C 61/35, no. 140 and C 61/41, no. 152, available on www.gasconrolls.org (accessed 6 December 2018).
22. Memorials of London, 35, 145–6.
23. Letter Book E, 210–11; CCR 1323–27, 565.
24. G. A. Holmes, ‘A Protest Against the Despensers, 1326’, Speculum, 30 (1955), 207–12.
25. E 101/380/4, fo. 32v. Alis may have been married to Jack Coleman, a fisherman of Shepperton, or to Willecok Coleman, a sailor from Old Windsor. Alternatively, she may be the Alis named as the wife of the London shipwright Wauter Coleman in 1333: Wills Proved, 393.
26. Letter Book E, 71, 131.
27. CIPM 1317–27, no. 696; CFR 1319–27, 389; CPR 1321–24, 11; CMR, nos. 1295, 1791; Letter Book E, 67, 210; Wills Proved, 238.
28. Memorials of London, 120. For the Romeyns/Burfords, see also Gwyn A. Williams, Medieval London: From Commune to Capital (1963), 143–4.
29. CIPM 1317–27, no. 696; CFR 1319–27, 393; CCR 1323–27, 582–5.
30. CPL 1342–62, 113.
31. CPR 1317–21, 533; CPR 1321–24, 207; Two Early London Subsidy Rolls, ed. Eilert Ekwall (1951), available at http://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/early-london-subsidy-rolls/pp98-104 (accessed 3 July 2018).
32. CMR, nos. 445, 630; TNA SC 8/178/8894, SC 8/158/7871 and 7872, SC 8/113/5604 and 5605.
33. CCR 1323–27, 336; TNA SC 8/178/8894.
34. Stapleton, ‘Brief Summary’, 322.
35. CIPM 1327–36, no. 229; CCR 1339–41, 481; CCR 1341–43, 550–51; Wills Proved, 352,
36. D. J. Keene and V. Harding, ‘All Hallows Honey Lane 11/6’, in Historical Gazetteer of London Before the Great Fire (1987), 37–44: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/london-gazetteer-pre-fire/pp37-44#anchorn6, accessed 21 July 2018; Letter-Book E, 104–05.
37. CPR 1324–27, 269; CIPM 1317–27, no. 333.
38. CPR 1321–24, 191, 215–6; CCR 1318–23, 591. Bertram was a household knight of the king’s cousin John of Brittany, earl of Richmond: CPR 1321– 24, 2, 188–9.
39. CPR 1348–50, 371; CIPM 1327–36, no. 493; CIPM 1361–5, no. 614.
40. CPR 1313–37, 409, 547; CCR 1333–37, 648, 692; CPR 1340–43, 515; CPR 1345–48, 475.
41. Issues of the Exchequer, ed. Frederick Devon (1837), 126; Ann Lond, 157; Ann Paul, 267.
42. SAL MS 122, 73; CPR 1324–27, 272; CCR 1323–27, 569–70; CCW, 580. John III of Brittany (b. 1286) was a great-grandson of Henry III of England, Edward II’s grandfather. Jack Blak was also the captain of a ship called La Rodecok, and one of his crew members was Adam ‘Adecok’ Councedieu: E 101/380/4, fo. 28v; SAL MS 122, 18.
43. CIPM 1347–52, no. 63; CCR 1323–27, 409; CPR 1334–38, 505, 507, 530; CIPM 1352–60, no. 534.
44. CCR 1323–27, 569; CCW, 549–50.
1. CPL 1305–41, 473–4.
2. CCR 1323–27, 563–4.
3. E 101/380/4, fo. 23r; CMR, no. 2202.
4. CCR 1332–37, 469, 591–2; CFR 1319–27, 390; CIPM 1317–27, no. 679; CIPM 1327–36, nos. 478, 543.
5. Coroners Rolls, 156–60.
6. CCR 1323–27, 562–3.
7. CPR 1324–27, 161.
8. Croniques, 50; Ann Paul, 312–3.
9. CPR 1324–27, 295.
10. CCR 1323–27, 556.
11. CPR 1324–27, 172, 278, 325; E 101/380/4, fo. 19r; SAL MS 122, 7, 16.
12. Coroners Rolls, 158.
13. Foedera 1307–27, 630; CPL 1305–41, 250.
14. CCR 1323–27, 576–8; Foedera 1307–27, 630.
15. CCR 1323–27, 562–3; Foedera 1307–27, 631.
16. E 101/380/4, 28v; Coroners Rolls, 34.
17. CPR 1324–27, 278; Foedera 1307–27, 631.
18. CPR 1313–37, 422, 551; CCR 1313–18, 367; CCR 1318–23, 84, 269; CCR 1323–27, 440–1; CFR 1307–19, 266. Maud’s first husband Robert Clifford the elder (b. 1274) was killed at the battle of Bannockburn in June 1314.
19. CPR 1324–27, 277.
20. F. D. Blackley, ‘Isabella and the Bishop of Exeter’, Essays in Medieval History Presented to Bertie Wilkinson, ed. T. A. Sandquist and M. R. Powicke (1969), 220–35 (at pp. 230–1).
21. CPR 1324–27, 281.
22. C 61/38, no. 109, available at www.gasconrolls.org (accessed 12 October 2018). Juan el Tuerto, who died four months later, was a grandson of Alfonso X of Castile, Edward’s uncle.
23. Coroners Rolls, 166–7.
24. Coroners Rolls, 53, 54, 67.
25. Coroners Rolls, 130; CPR 1327–30, 20.
26. CPR 1324–27, 86 (the sheriffs were William Prodhomme and Reynald of the Conduit); CCR 1327–30, 146, 549; CFR 1327–37, 169.
27. Coroners Rolls, 87–9, 124.
1. CPR 1334–38, 445.
2. Coroners Rolls, 161, 163.
3. CPR 1324–27, 279, 282.
4. CPR 1321–24, 36; E 101/380/4, fo. 10r.
5. E 101/380/4, fos. 10r, 30r.
6. Uckelman, Middle English Bynames, 72; CPR 1307–13, 210; CPR 1334–38, 261; Coroners Rolls, 177, 200, 217.
7. Flores Historiarum, vol. 3, ed. Henry Richards Luard (1890), 173; Bullock-Davies, Register of Minstrels, 19.
8. Tout, Place of the Reign, 254.
9. Tout, Place of the Reign, 253: qi chiuachent armez chescune iour deuaunt le corps le roi en cheminant par pays.
10. TNA C 53/112, nos. 2–6.
11. CPR 1321–24, 53; CPR 1324–27, 145–6. Edward II’s son Edward III also stayed in his subjects’ houses on occasion: W. Mark Ormrod, Edward III (2011), 105.
12. Letter Book E, xxx, 206–7.
13. Tout, Place of the Reign, 279.
14. CPR 1324–27, 69, 70, 139.
15. Vita Edwardi Secundi, ed. Noel Denholm-Young (1957), 75.
16. Tout, Place of the Reign, 273, 277.
17. CCR 1323–27, 585–6; CPR 1324–27, 294, 348; CPR 1327–30, 112.
18. CIPM 1336–46, nos. 529–30; Chaplais, War of Saint Sardos, 121.
19. CIPM 1317–27, nos. 20, 756.
20. SAL MS 122, 75; CIM, 254–5; CCR 1330–33, 455–6; CPR 1334–38, 234–5; CPR 1348–50, 122; TNA SC 8/163/8132; SC 8/310/15484; SC 8/160/7956.
21. CIPM 1317–27, no. 697, for Joan’s death.
22. CFR 1319–27, 398; CPR 1317–21, 338; CCR 1323–27, 592.
23. CCR 1323–27, 589.
24. CPR 1324–27, 138, 149.
25. TNA SC 8/98/4900.
26. Calendar of Charter Rolls 1300–26, 492.
27. The empress Maud (d. 1167), by her second marriage to Geoffrey, count of Anjou, was the mother of Henry II and was Edward II’s great-great-great-grandmother.
28. CPR 1324–27, 296, 299; CCR 1323–27, 634–5, 636.
29. CPR 1307–13, 307, 369; CPR 1317–21, 45; CFR 1319–27, 70, 76, 196; CCR 1323–27, 120, 551; CPR 1324–27, 153; CIM, no. 458; ‘Plea Rolls for Staffordshire’, 15–19, 44–56, 74–5, available on British History Online, accessed 22 October 2018.
30. CIPM 1327–36, no. 691.
31. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/staffs-hist-collection/vol10/pt1/pp44-56, accessed 11 September 2018 (Giles); CCR 1318–23, 604, 627 (Margaret).
32. TNA SC 8/147/7332; C 1/48/34; C 143/166/6; Memorials of London, 148; Letter-Book E, 193.
33. Davies, ‘First Journal’, 677; SAL MS 122, 43; E 101/380/4, fo. 23r.
34. SAL MS 122, 78; E 101/380/4, fo. 26v; CPR 1317–21, 241.
35. E 101/380/4, fos. 7v, 8v, 21r.
36. The Babees’ Book: Medieval Manners for the Young, trans. Edith Rickert and L. J. Naylor (1908, reprinted 2000), 1–2; Vita Edwardi Secundi, 120 (Edward addressing Sir Andrew Harclay, sheriff of Cumberland and shortly to become earl of Carlisle, as ‘Andrew’); Roy Martin Haines, ‘Bishops and Politics in the Reign of Edward II: Hamo de Hethe, Henry Wharton, and the “Historia Roffensis”’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 44 (1993), 586– 609 (at p. 606).
37. Coroners Rolls, 82, 165.
38. London Assize of Nuisance 1301–1431, nos. 282–7, available at http://www.british-history.ac.uk/london-record-soc/vol10/, accessed 20 October 2018. See ODNB, ‘Sir Richer Refham [le Botoner], c. 1260–1328’. Richer wrote his will on 17 August 1328, and died soon afterwards: Wills Proved, 339.
39. London Assize of Nuisance, as above, nos. 214, 273–9, 297, 323–6, accessed 20 October 2018. Andrew Aubrey was a pepperer, and mayor of London in 1339/40; William Thorneye (d. 1349) was also a pepperer, and an alderman and sheriff of London in the 1340s; his will is in Wills Proved, 649–51. Johane Armenters’ husband John wrote his will on 20 July 1306: Wills Proved, 179.
1. CIPM 1317–27, no. 716; CCR 1323–27, 603.
2. CMR, no. 919.
3. CCR 1323–27, 642–3.
4. Coroners Rolls, 167.
5. CPR 1324–27, 303.
6. CIPM 1317–27, no. 435.
7. CCR 1323–27, 639–40.
8. CCR 1323–27, 638.
9. CCR 1288–96, 473–4; CPR 1321–24, 358, 396; CCR 1323–27, 125; SC 8/342/16149.
10. Coroners Rolls, 167–8.
11. Coroners Rolls, 169–70; CPR 1324–27, 328–9.
12. CPR 1327–30, 10.
13. CPR 1324–27, 308–9; CCR 1323–27, 608–12, 639, 640–2.
14. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/yorks/vol3/pp163-165#anchorn21, accessed 10 September 2018.
15. CCR 1323–27, 159, 316, 500, 658. Pope John XXII wrote to Melton in early April 1326 assuring him that justice would be done on the matter: CPL 1305–41, 477.
16. TNA SC 8/7/346.
17. Vita Edwardi Secundi, 139–40.
18. CIPM 1300–07, nos. 162, 206 (he was 20 years and 45 weeks old on 11 November 1303); C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, vol. 1 (1929), 253; CPR 1317–21, 186. Nichol’s father Nichol the elder was the younger half-brother of Lady Leyburne.
19. CPR 1324–27, 197–8; CCR 1323–27, 467–8, 484, 566.
20. CIPM 1327–36, no. 249.
21. E 101/380/4, fo. 20v.
22. CIM, no. 209; CMR, no. 2130; Graham D. Keevill, Medieval Palaces: An Archaeology (2000), 105–7.
23. CIPM 1317–27, no. 737; CIPM 1327–36, nos. 560, 664; CFR 1319–27, 412; CPR 1327–30, 180.
24. CFR 1319–27, 410–11.
25. CPR 1324–27, 252, 296, 299, 323, 324, 326; CCR 1323–27, 618.
26. CFR 1319–27, 414.
27. CCR 1323–27, 593, Livere, 355; G. A. Holmes, ‘Judgement on the Younger Despenser, 1326’, English Historical Review, 70 (1955), 261–7 (p. 266).
28. CFR 1319–27, 408.
29. SAL MS 122, 68; Alumni Cantabrigienses, vol. 1, part 3, ed. John Venn and J. A. Venn (1924), 488; Admissions to Trinity College, Cambridge, vol. 1, 84–7.
1. CPR 1324–27, 315; CCR 1323–27, 643–4.
2. CFR 1319–27, 413.
3. CIPM 1307–17, no. 277; CIPM 1317–27, no. 755.
4. CIPM 1327–36, nos. 90, 249, 376; CIPM 1399–1405, nos. 1127–35.
5. CCR 1323–27, 646.
6. SAL MS 122, 85, la guerre entre le Roi e les grantz de la terre.
7. CCR 1323–27, 617–8.
8. Coroners Rolls, 170–1.
9. Coroners Rolls, 51.
10. CCR 1323–27, 608–12.
11. CCR 1323–27, 647.
12. CFR 1319–27, 409; Jennifer Ward, Elizabeth de Burgh, Lady of Clare (1295–1360) (2014), 4.
13. CIPM 1272–91, nos. 227, 688; CIPM 1307–17, nos. 157, 592; CIPM 1317– 27, nos. 206, 754; CIPM 1327–36, no. 653; CIPM 1347–52, no. 114; CIPM 1365–69, nos. 129, 218, 334; CPR 1281–92, 475; CPR 1317–21, 272.
14. CCW, 576; E 101/380/4, fo. 26v.
15. Coroners Rolls, 105.
16. Letter-Book D, 1309–14, 33; CPR 1324–27, 148.
17. CPR 1317–21, 464.
18. Wills Proved, 310; Letter-Book C, 1291–1309, 240.
19. CCR 1323–27, 627.
20. Croniques, 51.
21. Ward, Lady of Clare, 1–3.
22. See https://www.hrp.org.uk/tower-of-london/history-and-stories/the-medieval-palace/, accessed 18 July 2018.
23. Coroners Rolls, 33–4, 58, 59, 100, 123.
24. CCR 1323–27, 647–8, 652.
25. CPR 1324–27, 328–31; CCR 1323–27, 650–1.
26. Foedera 1307–27, 644; Letter-Book E, 213.
27. Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland 1307–57, no. 888.
28. TNA SC 8/14/663; CPR 1327–30, 73.
29. CCR 1327–30, 189, 249; Ann Paul, 314.
1. CPR 1324–27, 250; see http://www.ucd.ie/pages/97/gallagher.html, ‘The Audit of Alexander Bicknor’s Accounts’, accessed 30 October 2018.
2. CPL 1305–41, 474.
3. CCR 1323–27, 616–7.
4. Memorials of London, 86–9, 91–3, 140, 143–4.
5. J. Harvey Bloom, ‘Simon de Swanland and King Edward II’, Notes and Queries, 11th series, 4 (1911), 2; E 101/380/4, fo. 27v. Simon Swanland was mayor of London in 1329/30.
6. SAL MS 122, 92; W. Rees, Caerphilly Castle and its Place in the Annals of Glamorgan (1974), 110–21. Edward’s departure from London is usually dated to 2 October, but his chamber account shows that he was still in the city on the 3rd.
7. The Anonimalle Chronicle 1307 to 1334, from Brotherton Collection MS 29, ed. W. R. Childs and J. Taylor (1991), 124–7.
8. CPR 1327–30, 268.
9. CIPM 1352–60, no. 46: at the end of 1352 Joan had either turned 25 or 26 at the previous feast of St Michael, i.e. 29 September.
10. Records of the Borough of Leicester, vol. 1, ed. Mary Bateson (1899), 380; Chronicon Henrici Knighton Vel Cnitthon Monachi Leycestrensis, ed. J. R. Lumby, vol. 1 (1889), 435.
11. Ward, Lady of Clare, 2, 3.
12. TNA SC 8/74/3668; Ann Paul, 314–15.
13. Anonimalle, 124–6; Croniques, 51–2; CPMR 1323–64, 42.
14. Roy Martin Haines, King Edward II: His Life, His Reign and Its Aftermath, 1284–1330 (2003), 179.
15. CPR 1324–27, 332.
16. Ward, Lady of Clare, 1, 3.
17. Ann Paul, 316–7; Anonimalle, 128–9; Williams, Medieval London, 295–6.
18. Foedera 1307–27, 645–6.
19. CPMR 1323–64, 42–3.
20. CPMR 1323–64, 42.
21. CCR 1323–27, 517; TNA SC 8/32/1572.
22. Records of the Borough of Leicester, vol. 1, 353.
23. Paul Dryburgh, ‘Living in the Shadows: John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall (1316–36)’, Fourteenth Century England IX, ed. James Bothwell and Gwilym Dodd (2016), 23–47 (at p. 31), citing E 101/382/3, mem. 15.
24. CPR 1324–27, 332–3; CFR 1319–27, 421; SAL MS 122, 90.
25. Davies, ‘First Journal’, 676.
26. TNA SC 8/307/15309.
27. CIPM 1317–27, no. 704; CIPM 1336–46, no. 536; CFR 1319–27, 403.
28. CIPM 1317–27, nos. 588, 665, 748; CIPM 1327–36, no. 8.
29. CMR, no. 979.
30. CMR, no. 1005.
31. Tout, Place of the Reign, 280.
32. CCR 1323–27, 655.
33. SAL MS 122, 90; CPR 1327–30, 37–9. A ‘Rauf le Hunte’ is named as a King’s Scholar at Cambridge in January 1328: Admissions to Trinity College, 88.
34. Kathryn Warner, “Bought by the King Himself ’: Edward II, his Chamber, his Family and his Interests in 1325–26’, Fourteenth Century England X, ed. Gwilym Dodd (2018), 1–23 (at pp. 21–3).
35. Fryde, ‘Deposits of Hugh Despenser’, 362.
36. CPR 1324–27, 345–6; CCR 1327–30, 26.
37. CPL 1305–41, 242.
38. W. H. Stevenson, ‘A Letter of the Younger Despenser on the Eve of the Barons’ War, 21 March 1321’, English Historical Review, 12 (1897), 755–61 (p. 761): mornes et pensifs plus qil ne soleit.
1. Letter-Book E, 276.
2. CMR, no. 2160.
3. CP, vol. 5, 634.
4. CPR 1321–24, 77, 405; CMR, no. 2150; CCR 1323–27, 87, 590.
5. CPR 1324–27, 335–6.
6. Rees, Caerphilly Castle, 112, 116–8; E 101/380/4, fo. 29v. A ‘quarter’ probably meant 512 pounds in weight.
7. CFR 1319–27, 422.
8. Wills Proved, 337–8.
9. Bullock-Davies, Register of Minstrels, 179–83; CCW, 314; CCR 1313–18, 311–12.
10. CPR 1324–27, 336.
11. E 101/380/4, fos. 21v, 22r, 24v.
12. CIPM 1336–46, no. 113; CPR 1348–50, 167. Warin the father was about 33 in 1326, and was the son of another Warin Bassingbourne, who was born c. 1267 and died in January 1323. CIPM 1272–91, no. 139; CIPM 1317–27, no. 409.
13. Mortimer, Time Traveller’s Guide to Medieval England, 207.
14. Ancient Deeds Belonging to the Corporation of Bath, XII-XVI Cent., ed. The Rev. C. W. Shickle (1921), xiii, 11, 84–6.
15. Memorials, 105–7.
16. Memorials, 77–8, 148–9.
17. CPR 1324–27, 234.
18. CPR 1327–30, 12, 182.
19. Ann Paul, 318.
20. CPR 1321–24, 249.
21. Williams, Medieval London, 143; Wills Proved, 170–1, 445.
22. Ann Paul, 318–9; Anonimalle, 130–1.
23. John M. Stratton, Agricultural Records A.D. 220–1977 (1978), 28.
24. Brut, 240.
25. Cited in ODNB.
26. SC 8/17/835; CCR 1323–27, 412; CPR 1324–27, 22.
27. CFR 1319–27, 101; CPR 1324–27, 258, 283.
28. CIPM 1300–07, no. 49; CIPM 1317–27, no. 325; CIPM 1327–36, no. 28; CCR 1330–33, 55–6; CPR 1317–21, 519–20; CPR 1327–30, 396.
29. CIPM 1327–36, no. 204; SC 8/17/835; CPR 1338–40, 358.
30. CCR 1323–27, 620; CCR 1327–30, 16, 275–6.
31. CIM, no. 637, p.159.
32. Ann Paul, 321.
33. Brut, 239–40.
34. CPR 1324–27, 341; CFR 1319–27, 430.
35. CCR 1323–27, 620; CFR 1319–27, 422; CCR 1327–30, 445.
36. CPL 1342–62, 254.
37. Michael Burtscher, The Fitzalans, Earls of Arundel and Surrey (2008), 43.
38. CPL 1342–62, 164.
39. CIPM 1336–46, no. 338; CIPM 1347–52, nos. 62, 121, 123, 243, 245–6, 460.
40. CIPM 1336–46, no. 337; CIPM 1347–52, nos. 62, 245, 247, 590–2, 671.
41. CCR 1323–27, 621; CPR 1324–27, 339–40.
1. CFR 1319–27, 425; CCR 1323–27, 626–7; CIPM 1352–60, no. 253.
2. CPR 1324–27, 341; Rees, Caerphilly Castle, 83.
3. SC 8/192/9560 and 9561; CPR 1327–30, 26.
4. Ann Paul, 322; Anonimalle, 130.
5. CMR, no. 2160.
6. CCR 1323–27, 620.
7. Stapleton, ‘Brief Summary’, 342.
8. Bullock-Davies, Register of Minstrels, 165.
9. CCR 1323–27, 623.
10. CCR 1323–27, 627.
11. CFR 1319–27, 424.
12. CPR 1324–27, 337.
13. CPL 1342–62, 116, 169.
14. CIPM 1317–27, no. 751; CPR 1358–61, 22; CPR 1361–64, 125.
15. CCR 1323–27, 627.
16. CPR 1324–27, 339; CPR 1327–30, 64, 251; Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland 1307–57, no. 489.
17. G. E. Trease, ‘The Spicers and Apothecaries of the Royal Household in the Reigns of Henry III, Edward I and Edward II’, Nottingham Mediaeval Studies, 3 (1959), 19–52 (at pp. 37–8, 46–7).
18. Dryburgh, ‘Living in the Shadows’, 31–2.
19. Letter Book E, 215.
20. CPR 1324–27, 339.
21. Shropshire Archives, 215/1, available on the National Archives website.
22. Fryde, ‘Deposits of Hugh Despenser’, 347.
23. CPR 1324–27, 343; CIPM 1327–36, no. 625; Memorials of London, 98, 125.
24. Luard, ed., Flores Historiarum, 235 (‘in ingenti tristitia’).
25. E 101/380/4, fo. 22r.
26. E 101/380/4, fo. 22v.
27. SC 8/197/9837.
28. CIPM 1317–27, no. 759; CIPM 1327–36, no. 302.
29. CIPM 1336–46, no. 399; CFR 1327–37, 132, 134; CCR 1327–30, 462.
30. CIPM 1347–52, no. 135.
31. CIPM 1347–52, nos. 117, 123.
32. CIPM 1307–17, no. 29; CIPM 1327–36, no. 141.
33. CIPM 1317–27, no. 689; CIPM 1347–52, no. 124; CFR 1319–27, 386, 390; C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, vol. 4 (1931), 13–14.
34. CIPM 1352–60, no. 196.
35. CPR 1321–24, 273, and CPR 1327–30, 74; Early Lincoln Wills 1280–1547, ed. Alfred Gibbons (1888), 78. Benet Braham and Edward II’s squire John ‘Jankyn’ Harsik were among the men ordered to be arrested in March 1330 after plotting to free the supposedly dead former king from captivity: CFR 1327–27, 169–70.
36. CPR 1327–30, 37–9.