Illustrations

 

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Château Gaillard and the Isle of Andely as they appear today, and as they might have appeared during the siege of 1203–4.

 

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The tomb effigies of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine at Fontevraud.

 

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The tomb effigies of Richard I at Fontevraud and (top) William Marshal in the Temple Church, London.

 

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A chamber inside Henry II’s great tower at Dover Castle, decorated and furnished in a late twelfth-century style.

 

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Carrickfergus Castle in Ireland, besieged by John in 1210.

 

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The ruins of Corfe Castle in Dorset, one of John’s favourite residences. Some people were entertained lavishly here. Others were starved to death.

 

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A view of Runnymede, with Windsor Castle in the distance.

 

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The seal-die of Robert Fitzwalter, one of John’s leading opponents, who adopted the title ‘Marshal of the Army of God’.

 

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The great seal of King John, showing him crowned and enthroned.

 

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Rochester Castle. The foremost corner of the keep was collapsed by John’s miners in 1215, and later rebuilt with a round tower instead of a square one.

 

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Medieval warfare, as depicted in the mid-thirteenth-century Maciejowski Bible.

 

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John’s tomb in Worcester Cathedral. The effigy was made about fifteen years after the king’s death, but the tomb chest is early Tudor.

 

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