| The nation of Israel descended from Jacob; the nation of Edom descended from Esau | Genesis 25:23 |
| Jacob and Esau struggled in their mother’s womb | Genesis 25:19-26 |
| Esau sold his birthright and blessing to Jacob | Genesis 25:29-34 |
| Edom refused to let the Israelites pass through its land | Numbers 20:14-22 |
| Israel’s kings had constant conflict with Edom. | |
| • Saul | 1 Samuel 14:47 |
| • David | 2 Samuel 8:13, 14 |
| • Solomon | 1 Kings 11:14-22 |
| • Jehoram | 2 Kings 8:20-22; |
| 2 Chronicles 21:8ff | |
| • Ahaz | 2 Chronicles 28:16 |
| Edom urged Babylon to destroy Jerusalem | Psalm 137:7 |