What Happened: Fish die, the river smells, the people are without water
Result: Pharaoh’s magicians duplicate the miracle by “secret arts,” and Pharaoh is unmoved
What Happened: Frogs come up from the water and completely cover the land
Result: Again Pharaoh’s magicians duplicate the miracle by sorcery, and Pharaoh is unmoved
What Happened: All the dust of Egypt becomes a massive swarm of gnats
Result: Magicians are unable to duplicate this; they say it is the “finger of God,” but Pharaoh’s heart remains hard
What Happened: Swarms of flies cover the land
Result: Pharaoh promises to let the Hebrews go but then hardens his heart and refuses
What Happened: All the Egyptian livestock die—but none of Israel’s is even sick
Result: Pharaoh still refuses to let the people go
What Happened: Horrible boils break out on everyone in Egypt
Result: Magicians cannot respond because they are struck down with boils as well—Pharaoh refuses to listen
What Happened: Hailstorms kill all the slaves and animals left out or unprotected and strip or destroy almost every plant
Result: Pharaoh admits his sin but then changes his mind and refuses to let Israel go
What Happened: Locusts cover Egypt and eat everything left after the hail
Result: Everyone advises Pharaoh to let the Hebrews go, but God hardens Pharaoh’s heart and he refuses
Total darkness covers Egypt for three days so no one can even move—except the Hebrews, who have light as usual
Result: Pharaoh again promises to let Israel go but again changes his mind
The firstborn of all the people and cattle of Egypt die—but Israel is spared
Result: Pharaoh and the Egyptians urge Israel to leave quickly; after they are gone, Pharaoh again changes his mind and chases after them