1 The term “object-oriented philosophy” was proposed by Graham Harman in his book Tool-Being: Heidegger and the Metaphysics of Objects. “Object-oriented philosophy” (OOP) refers to Harman’s particular metaphysics of objects, while “object-oriented ontology” (OOO) refers to any metaphysics which argues that being is composed of objects or substances. The relation between object-oriented ontology and object-oriented philosophy is thus a relation between genus and species. Any metaphysics which claims that being is composed of substances is an object-oriented ontology, while different philosophies theorize objects in different and opposed ways. Object-oriented ontologies are as diverse as the metaphysics of Aristotle, Latour, Harman, and a host of other thinkers.