This book has been written by an intellectual jackdaw, let loose in large libraries. The debts to the scholarship of others are immense, but the format of the series precluded the attributions to those whose work it draws on. The following does nothing to acknowledge them either. It is a pointer towards some accessible material – exclusively recent monographs – in English that I think will be useful in following up the themes of this book. Statistical tables and appendices, not included in this publication because of their bulk, may be consulted at the author’s website: http://www.markgreengrass.co.uk. The dates of birth and death of those people mentioned in the text, with regnal dates where appropriate, are to be found in the index.
Arnade, Peter, Beggars, Iconoclasts, and Civic Patriots: The Political Culture of the Dutch Revolt (Ithaca, 2008)
Asch, Ronald G. and Birke, A. M. (eds.), Princes, Patronage and the Nobility. The Court at the Beginning of the Modern Age, c. 1450–1650 (London and Oxford, 1991)
— (eds.), The Thirty Years War: The Holy Roman Empire and Europe, 1618–1648 (Basingstoke, 2002)
Baena, Laura Manzano, Conflicting Words. The Peace Treaty of Münster (1648) and the Political Culture of the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Monarchy (Ithaca, 2011)
Behringer, Wolfgang, Witchcraft Persecutions in Bavaria: Popular Magic, Religious Zealotry and Reason of State in Early-Modern Europe (Cambridge, 2004)
Beik, William, Urban Protest in Seventeenth-Century France: The Culture of Retribution (Cambridge, 1997)
Benedict, Philip, Christ’s Churches Purely Reformed. A Social History of Calvinism (New Haven and London, 2002)
— and Gutman, Myron P. (eds.), Early Modern Europe. From Crisis to Stability (Newark, 2005)
Bercé, Yves-Marie, Revolt and Revolution in Early Modern Europe: An Essay on the History of Political Violence (Manchester, 1987)
Bethencourt, Francisco and Egmond, Florike (eds.), Correspondence and Cultural Exchange in Europe, 1400–1700 (Cambridge, 2007)
Blair, Ann, Too Much to Know. Managing Scholarly Information before the Modern Age (New Haven and London, 2010)
Bonney, Richard J., Political Change in France under Richelieu and Mazarin, 1624–1661 (Oxford, 1978)
—, The European Dynastic States, 1494–1660 (Oxford, 1991)
— (ed.), Economic Systems and State Finance (Oxford, 1995)
— (ed.), The Rise of the Fiscal State in Europe, c. 1200–1815 (Oxford, 1999)
Bossy, John, Christianity in the West, 1400–1700 (Oxford, 1985)
Boxer, Charles, The Dutch Seaborne Empire, 1600–1800 (London, 1965)
—, The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415–1825 (London, 1969)
Braddick, Michael, God’s Fury, England’s Fire (London, 2008)
Brady, Thomas A., Oberman, Heiko A. and Tracy, James D. (eds.), Handbook of European History 1400–1600. Late Middle Ages, Renaissance and Reformation (2 vols., Leiden, 1995)
Braudel, Fernand, Civilization and Capitalism, 15th–18th Centuries (3 vols., London, 1985)
—, The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II (2 vols., Los Angeles, 1995)
Brook, Timothy, Vermeer’s Hat: The Seventeenth Century and the Dawn of the Global World (London, 2008)
Brown, Jonathan and Elliott, J. H., A Palace for a King: The Buen Retiro and the Court of Philip IV (New Haven and London, 1980)
Brown, Keith M., Kingdom or Province? Scotland and the Regal Union, 1603–1707 (Basingstoke, 1992)
Burke, U. Peter, Popular Culture in Early Modern Europe (London, 1978)
—, Languages and Communities in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, 2004)
Bushkovitch, Paul, The Merchants of Moscow, 1580–1650 (Cambridge, 1980)
Bussmann, Klaus and Schilling, Heinz (eds.), 1648. War and Peace in Europe (Münster and Osnabrück, 1998)
Calabi, Donatella and Christensen, Stephen Turk (eds.), Cities and Cultural Exchange in Europe, 1400–1700 (Cambridge, 2007)
Cameron, Euan, The European Reformation (Oxford, 1991)
—, Enchanted Europe. Superstition, Reason, & Religion, 1250–1750 (Oxford, 2010)
Canny, Nicholas and Pagden, Anthony (eds.), Colonial Identity in the Atlantic World (Princeton, 1987)
Clark, Stuart, Thinking with Demons. The Idea of Witchcraft in Early-Modern Europe (Oxford, 1997)
—, Vanities of the Eye: Vision in Early Modern European Culture (Oxford, 2007)
Collinson, Patrick, The Reformation (London, 2003)
Cook, Harold J., Matters of Exchange. Commerce, Medicine, and Science in the Dutch Golden Age (New Haven and London, 2007)
Cressy, David, Birth, Marriage and Death. Ritual, Religion and the Life-Cycle in Tudor and Stuart England (Oxford, 2000)
Crosby, Alfred W., The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (Westport, CT, 1972)
—, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900–1900 (Cambridge, 1996)
Dandelet, Thomas James, Spanish Rome, 1500–1700 (New Haven and London, 2001)
Daston, Lorraine and Park, Katharine, Wonders and the Order of Nature, 1150–1750 (New York, 1998)
Davis, Natalie Zemon, Society and Culture in Early Modern France (Stanford, 1975)
—, The Return of Martin Guerre (Cambridge, MA, 1983)
Dewald, Jonathan, The European Nobility, 1400–1800 (Cambridge, 1996)
—, ‘Crisis, Chronology, and the Shape of European Social History’, American Historical Review, 113 (2008), 1031–52
Dickens, A. G. (ed.), The Courts of Europe. Politics, Patronage and Royalty, 1400–1800 (London, 1977)
Dixon, C. Scott, The Reformation in Germany (Oxford, 2002)
—, Protestants. A History from Wittenberg to Pennsylvania, 1517–1740 (Oxford, 2010)
— [with Freist, D. and Greengrass, M.] (eds.), Living with Religious Diversity in Early Modern Europe (Aldershot, 2009)
Dooley, Brendan and Baron, Sabrina A. (eds.), The Politics of Information in Early-Modern Europe (London and New York, 2001)
Duke, A., Reformation and Revolt in the Low Countries (London, 1991)
Eire, Carlos M. N., War against the Idols: The Reformation of Worship from Erasmus to Calvin (Cambridge, 1986)
Elliott, J. H., The Old World and the New, 1492–1650 (Cambridge, 1970)
—, Richelieu and Olivares (Cambridge, 1984)
— (ed.), Spain and its World, 1500–1700 (New Haven and London, 1989)
— and Brockliss, Laurence W. B. (eds.), The World of the Favourite (New Haven and London, 1999)
Evans, Robert J. W., The Making of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1550–1700. An Interpretation (Oxford, 1979)
Findlen, Paula, Possessing Nature. Museums, Collecting and Scientific Culture in Early Modern Italy (Berkeley, 1994)
Fox, Adam, Oral and Literate Culture in England, 1500–1700 (Oxford, 2000)
Freedberg, David, The Eye of the Lynx. Galileo, his Friends, and the Beginnings of Modern Natural History (Chicago, 2002)
Freist, Dagmar, Governed by Opinion: Politics, Religion and the Dynamics of Communication in Stuart London, 1637–1645 (London, 1997)
Friedrich, Karin, The Other Prussia: Royal Prussia, Poland and Liberty, 1569–1772 (Cambridge, 2000)
Frost, Robert, The Northern Wars: War, State and Society in North-eastern Europe, 1558–1721 (Harlow, 2001)
Ginzburg, Carlo, Night Battles: Witchcraft and Agrarian Cults in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (Baltimore, 1983)
—, The Cheese and the Worms: The Cosmos of a Sixteenth-century Miller (Baltimore, 1992)
Glete, Jan, Warfare at Sea, 1500–1650. Maritime Conflicts and the Transformation of Europe (London, 2001)
—, War and the State in Early Modern Europe. Spain, the Dutch Republic and Sweden as Fiscal-Military States, 1500–1660 (London and New York, 2002)
Goffman, Daniel, The Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, 2002)
Gordon, Bruce, The Swiss Reformation (Manchester, 1998)
—, Calvin (New Haven and London, 2009)
Grafton, Anthony, Cardano’s Cosmos: The Worlds and Works of a Renaissance Astrologer (Cambridge, MA, 1999)
Greenblatt, Stephen, Marvellous Possessions. The Wonder of the New World (Chicago, 1991)
Greengrass, Mark, The Longman Companion to the European Reformation, c. 1500–1618 (London, 1998)
Gregory, Brad S., Salvation at Stake. Christian Martyrdom in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, MA, 1999)
Grell, Ole Peter and Scribner, Robert W. (eds.), Tolerance and Intolerance in the European Reformation (Cambridge, 1996)
’t Hart, Marjolein C., The Making of a Bourgeois State. War, Politics and Finance during the Dutch Revolt (Manchester, 1993)
Headley, John M., Church, Empire, and World: The Quest for Universal Order, 1520–1640 (Aldershot, 1997)
— and Tomaro, John B. (eds.), San Carlo Borromeo: Catholic Reform and Ecclesiastical Politics in the Second Half of the Sixteenth Century (Washington, 1988)
Henderson, John, The Renaissance Hospital Healing the Body and Healing the Soul (Oxford, 2006)
Hillerbrand, Hans (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation (4 vols.) (New York and Oxford, 1996)
Hoffman, Philip T., Growth in a Traditional Society: The French Countryside, 1450–1815 (Princeton, 1996)
Hsia, R. Po-chia, Social Discipline in the Reformation: Central Europe 1550–1750 (London, 1989)
—, The World of Catholic Renewal 1540–1770 (Cambridge, 1998)
— (ed.), A Companion to the Reformation World (Oxford, 2006)
— (ed.), The Cambridge History of Christianity, vol. 6. Reform and Expansion: 1500–1660 (Cambridge, 2007)
— and Nierop, Henk van (eds.), Calvinism and Religious Toleration in the Dutch Golden Age (Cambridge, 2002)
Hufton, Olwen, The Prospect Before Her: A History of Women in Western Europe, vol. 1 (1500–1800) (London, 1995)
Israel, Jonathan I., The Dutch Republic and the Hispanic World, 1606–1661 (Oxford, 1982)
—, The Dutch Republic. Its Rise, Greatness and Fall, 1477–1806 (Oxford, 1995)
—, Conflicts of Empires. Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585–1713 (London, 1997)
Jütte, Robert, Poverty and Deviance in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, 1994)
Kamen, Henry, Philip of Spain (New Haven and London, 1997)
—, Empire. How Spain Became a World Power (1492–1763) (London, 2002)
Kaplan, Benjamin J., Divided by Faith. Religious Conflict and the Practice of Toleration in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, MA, 2007)
Khodarkovsky, Michael, Russia’s Steppe Frontier: The Making of a Colonial Empire, 1500–1800 (Bloomington, 2002)
Kivelson, Valerie, Cartographies of Tsardom: The Land and its Meanings in Seventeenth-century Russia (Ithaca and New York, 2006)
Knecht, R. J., Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I (Cambridge, 1994)
—, The Rise and Fall of Renaissance France, 1483–1610 (2nd edn, Oxford, 2001)
—, The French Renaissance Court, 1483–1589 (New Haven and London, 2008)
Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel, The French Peasantry, 1450–1660 (Aldershot, 1987)
—, The French Royal State, 1460–1610, trans. Juliet Vale (Oxford, 1994)
Lestringant, Frank, Mapping the Renaissance World: The Geographical Imagination in the Age of Discovery (Los Angeles and London, 1994)
Lloyd, Howell, Burgess, Glenn and Hodson, Simon (eds.), European Political Thought, 1450–1700: Religion, Law and Philosophy (New Haven and London, 2008)
Lockhart, P. D., Denmark in the Thirty Years’ War, 1618–1648: King Christian IV and the Decline of the Oldenburg State (Selinsgrove, 1996)
—, Denmark, 1513–1660: The Rise and Decline of a Renaissance Monarchy (Oxford and New York, 2007)
MacCulloch, Diarmaid, The Later Reformation in England, 1547–1603 (Houndmills, 1990)
—, Reformation: Europe’s House Divided 1490–1700 (London, 2003)
Maclean, Ian, Logic, Signs and Nature. The Case of Learned Medicine (Cambridge, 2007)
Mayr, Otto, Authority, Liberty and Automatic Machinery in Early Modern Europe (Baltimore and London, 1986)
Monod, Paul Kléber, The Power of Kings. Monarchy and Religion in Europe, 1589–1715 (New Haven and London, 1999)
Monter, William, Calvin’s Geneva (New York, 1967)
—, Ritual, Myth and Magic in Early Modern Europe (Brighton, 1983)
—, Judging the French Reformation. Heresy Trials by Sixteenth-Century Parlements (Cambridge, MA, 1999)
—, The Rise of Female Kings in Europe, 1300–1800 (New Haven and London, 2012)
Mortimer, Geoff, Eyewitness Accounts of the Thirty Years War 1618–48 (Basingstoke, 2002)
—, Wallenstein. The Enigma of the Thirty Years War (Basingstoke, 2010)
Murdock, Graeme, Calvinism on the Frontier, 1600–1800: International Calvinism and the Reformed Church in Hungary and Transylvania (Oxford, 2000)
Nierop, Henk van, Treason in the Northern Quarter: War, Terror, and the Rule of Law in the Dutch Revolt (Princeton, 2009)
Oberman, Heiko A., Luther: Man between God and the Devil (London, 1993)
Ogilvie, Brian W., The Science of Describing. Natural History in Renaissance Europe (Chicago, 2006)
O’Malley, John W., The First Jesuits (Cambridge, MA, 1994)
—, Trent and All That. Renaming Catholicism in the Early-Modern Era (Cambridge, MA, 2000)
— and Bailey, Gauvin Alexander (eds.), The Jesuits and the Arts, 1540–1773 (Philadelphia, 2003)
Ó Siochrú, Micheál, Confederate Ireland, 1642–1649. A Constitutional and Political Analysis (Dublin, 1999)
Pagden, Anthony, The Fall of Natural Man: The American Indian and the Origins of Comparative Ethnology (Cambridge, 1982)
—, European Encounters with the New World (New Haven and London, 1993)
—, Lords of All the World: Ideologies of Empire in Spain, Britain and France, c.1500–c. 1800 (New Haven and London, 1995)
Pálffy, Géza, The Kingdom of Hungary and the Habsburg Monarchy in the Sixteenth Century (New York, 2009)
Park, Katharine and Daston, Lorraine (eds.), The Cambridge History of Science, vol. 3 (Early Modern Science) (Cambridge, 2006)
Parker, Geoffrey, The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road 1567–1659: The Logistics of Spanish Victory and Defeat in the Low Countries’ Wars (Cambridge, 1972)
—, The Dutch Revolt (London, 1977)
—, Spain and the Netherlands, 1559–1569 (London, 1979)
—, The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise of the West 1500–1800 (Cambridge, 1988)
—, The Grand Strategy of Philip II (New Haven and London, 1998)
—, Philip II (Chicago, 2002)
—, Global Crisis: War, Climate Change & Catastrophe in the Seventeenth Century (New Haven, 2013)
— (ed.), The Thirty Years’ War (London, 1984)
—, Success is Never Final. Empire, War and Faith in Early Modern Europe (London, 2002)
Parrott, David, Richelieu’s Army. War, Government and Society in France, 1624–1642 (Cambridge, 2001)
—, The Business of War. Military Enterprise and Military Revolution in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, 2011)
Pettegree, Andrew (ed.), The Early Reformation in Europe (Cambridge, 1992)
—, Reformation and the Culture of Persuasion (Cambridge, 2005)
—, The Book in the Renaissance (New Haven and London, 2010)
— (ed.), The Reformation World (London, 2000)
Prestwich, Menna (ed.), International Calvinism, 1541–1715 (Oxford, 1985)
Pullan, Brian, Rich and Poor in Renaissance Venice: The Social Institutions of a Catholic State, to 1620 (Cambridge, MA, 1971)
Rabb, Theodore K., The Struggle for Stability in Early Modern Europe (Oxford, 1976)
Ranum, Orest, Paris in the Age of Absolutism: An Essay (New York, 1968)
—, The Fronde. A French Revolution, 1648–1652 (New York, 1993)
Roodenburg, Herman (ed.), Forging European Identities, 1400–1700 (Cambridge, 2007)
Roper, Lyndal, The Holy Household: Religion, Morals and Order in Reformation Augsburg (Oxford, 1989)
Rothman, E. Natalie, Brokering Empire. Trans-imperial Subjects between Venice and Istanbul (Ithaca, 2011)
Ruggiero, Guido (ed.), A Companion to the Worlds of the Renaissance (Oxford, 2002)
Schilling, Heinz and Tóth, István György (eds.), Religion and Cultural Exchange in Europe, 1400–1700 (Cambridge, 2006)
Scott, Tom and Scribner, R. W. (eds.), The German Peasants’ War. A History in Documents (Atlantic Highlands, NJ, 1991)
— (ed.), The Peasantries of Europe: From the Fourteenth to the Eighteenth Centuries (New York, 1998)
Scribner, R. W., For the Sake of Simple Folk. Popular Propaganda for the German Reformation (Cambridge, 1981)
—, Popular Culture and Popular Movements in Reformation Germany (London, 1987)
—, Porter, Roy and Teich, Mikuláš (eds.), The Reformation in National Context (Cambridge, 1994)
Seed, Patricia, Ceremonies of Possession in Europe’s Conquest of the New World, 1492–1640 (Cambridge, 1995)
Sharpe, Kevin, The Personal Rule of Charles I (New Haven and London, 1992)
Skinner, Quentin, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vols., Cambridge, 1978)
Slack, Paul, Poverty and Policy in Tudor and Stuart England (London and New York, 1988)
—, The Impact of Plague in Tudor and Stuart England (Oxford, 1990)
Soly, Hugo (ed.), Charles V, 1500–1558, and His Time (Antwerp, 1999)
Stein, Stanley J. and Stein, Barbara H., Silver, Trade, and War. Spain and America in the Making of Early Modern Europe (Baltimore and London, 2000)
Stone, Daniel, The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386–1795 (Seattle, 2003)
Stradling, R. A., Philip IV and the Government of Spain, 1621–1665 (Cambridge, 1981)
—, The Armada of Flanders: Spanish Maritime Policy and European War, 1568–1665 (Cambridge, 1992)
—, Spain’s Struggle for Europe, 1598–1668 (London, 1994)
Thompson, I. A. A. and Bartolomé Yun Casalilla (eds.), The Castilian Crisis of the Seventeenth Century: New Perspectives on the Economic and Social History of Seventeenth-Century Spain (Cambridge, 1994)
Tomlinson, Howard (ed.), Before the English Civil War. Essays on Early Stuart Politics and Government (London, 1983)
Tóth, István György, Literacy and Written Culture in Early Modern Central Europe (Budapest, 2000)
Tracy, James D. (ed.), The Rise of Merchant Empires. Long-distance Trade in the Early Modern World, 1350–1750 (Cambridge, 1990)
—, The Political Economy of Merchant Empires. State Power and World Trade (1350–1750) (Cambridge, 1997)
—, Emperor Charles V. Impresario of War. Campaign Strategy, International Finance, and Domestic Politics (Cambridge, 2002)
Trevor-Roper, Hugh, Religion, the Reformation, and Social Change (London, 1967)
—, Renaissance Essays (London, 1985)
Tuck, Richard, Philosophy and Government, 1572–1651 (Cambridge, 1993)
Vivo, Filippo di, Information and Communication in Venice: Rethinking Early Modern Politics (Oxford, 2007)
Vries, Jan de, The Economy of Europe in an Age of Crisis, 1600–1750 (Cambridge, 1976)
— and van der Woude, Ad, The First Modern Economy: Success, Failure, and Perseverance of the Dutch Economy, 1500–1815 (Cambridge, 1997)
Walsham, Alexandra, Charitable Hatred. Tolerance and Intolerance in England, 1500–1700 (Manchester, 2005)
Walter, John and Schofield, Roger (eds.), Famine, Disease and the Social Order in Early Modern Society (Cambridge, 1989)
Warde, Paul, Ecology, Economy and State Formation in Early Modern Germany (Cambridge, 2006)
Webster, Charles, From Paracelsus to Newton. Magic and the Making of Modern Science (Cambridge, 1982)
Weiss, Gillian, Captives and Corsairs: France and Slavery in the Early Modern Mediterranean (Stanford, 2012)
Whaley, Joachim, Germany and the Holy Roman Empire, vol. 1: Maximilian I to the Peace of Westphalia, 1493–1648 (Oxford, 2012)
Wieczynski, J. A., The Russian Frontier: The Impact of Borderlands upon the Course of Early Russian History (Charlottesville, VA, 1976)
Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E., Women and Gender in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, 2008)
Wilson, Peter H., Europe’s Tragedy. A History of the Thirty Years War (London, 2009)
Wormald, Jenny, Court, Kirk, and Community. Scotland, 1470–1625 (London, 1981)
Yates, Frances A., The Rosicrucian Enlightenment (London, 1972)
—, Astraea. The Imperial Theme in the Sixteenth Century (London, 1975)