6 Zone Four: The Wider World

1 Deng Xiaoping, ‘Speech by chairman of the delegation of the People’s Republic of China, Deng Xiaoping, at the special session of the UN General Assembly’ (10 April 1974). Available at https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1974/04/10.htm.

2 Donovan Chau, Exploiting Africa: The Influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2014).

3 Howard W. French, China’s Second Continent: How a Million Migrants are Building a New Empire in Africa (New York: Knopf, 2014).

4 Abdoulaye Wade, ‘Time for the west to practise what it preaches’, Financial Times (23 January 2008). Available to subscribers at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/5d347f88-c897-11dc-94a6-0000779fd2ac.html#axzz40KSgVuae.

5 Human Rights Watch, ‘“You’ll be fired if you refuse”: labor abuses in Zambia’s state-owned copper mines’ (4 November 2011). Available at https://www.hrw.org/report/2011/11/04/youll-be-fired-if-you-refuse/labor-abuses-zambias-chinese-state-owned-copper-mines.

6 Stephen Chan (ed.), The Morality of China in Africa: The Middle Kingdom and the Dark Continent (London: Zed Books, 2013).

7 Lily Kuo, ‘China’s Xi Jinping pledges $60 billion to help Africa solve its problems its own way’, Quartz Africa (4 December 2015). Available at http://qz.com/565819/chinas-xi-jinping-pledges-60-billion-to-help-africa-solve-its-problems-its-own-way/.

8 Bob Wekesa, ‘Mugabe visits China: Zimbabwe’s “Look East” policy reloaded’ (2 September 2014). Available at http://www.ccs.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/CCS_Commentary_Mugabe_China_Visit_BW_2014.pdf.

9 Chinese Minister of Foreign Commerce figures, quoted in The Economist, ‘Chinese investment in Africa: not as easy as it looks’ (21 November 2015). Available at http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21678777-western-worries-about-chinas-burgeoning-influence-africa-may-be-overblown-not.

10 Jane Perlez and Chris Buckley, ‘China retools its military with a first overseas post in Djibouti’, New York Times (26 November 2015). Available at http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/27/world/asia/china-military-presence-djibouti-africa.html?_r=0.

11 Some material in this section appeared in a previous publication (Kerry Brown, ‘Mixed signals: China in the Middle East’, FRIDE [policy brief] (December 2014). Available at http://fride.org/download/PB_190_China_in_the_Middle_East.pdf.) It has been extensively revised, updated and rewritten for this book.

12 ‘China’s Arab policy paper’ (English version), Xinhua [news agency] (13 January 2016). Available at http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2016-01/13/c_135006619.htm.

13 Ben Blanchard, ‘China’s foreign minister pushes Iran on nuclear deal’, Reuters [news agency] (16 February 2016). Available at http://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-china-idUSKBN0LK05Q20150216.

14 ‘Full text: China’s policy paper on Latin America and the Caribbean’, Xinhua [news agency] (5 November 2008). Available at http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-11/05/content_10308117_1.htm.

15 Michael Swaine, ‘Xi Jinping’s July 2014 trip to Latin America’, China Leadership Monitor (5 September 2014). Available at http://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/research/docs/clm45ms-xi_jinpings_trip_to_latin_america.pdf.

16 ‘Spotlight: Cultural exchange to usher in new era of China-LatAm sustainable cooperation’, Xinhuanet [website] (31 May 2015). Available at http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-05/31/c_134284655.htm.

17 Rebecca Ray, Kevin P. Gallagher, Andres Lopez and Cynthia Sanborn, ‘China in Latin America: lessons for south–south cooperation and sustainable development’ [working group report], Global Economic Governance Initiative, Boston University (2015), p. 2.

18 Heriberto Araújo and Juan Pablo Cardenal, China’s Silent Army: The Pioneers, Traders, Fixers and Workers Who Are Remaking the World in Beijing’s Image (London: Penguin, 2013).

19 Joe Studwell, The China Dream: The Elusive Quest for the Last Great Untapped Market on Earth (London: Profile Books, 2002).

20 ‘Chinese investments in Brazil 2007–2012: a review of recent trends’, China–Brazil Business Council (2013), p. 33. Available at http://cebc.com.br/sites/default/files/pesquisa_investimentos_chineses_2007-2012_-_ingles_1.pdf.

21 Nicola Davison, ‘China eyes Antarctica’s resource bounty’, Guardian (8 November 2013). Available at http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/nov/08/china-antarctica-trip-icebreaker-snow-dragon.

22 ‘They may be some time: putting down roots in Antarctica’, The Economist (16 November 2013). Available at http://www.economist.com/news/china/21589908-putting-down-roots-antarctica-they-may-be-some-time.

23 For a good, contextual overview of China in the Arctic, see Sanna Kopra, ‘China’s Arctic interests’, Arctic Yearbook (2013). Available at http://www.arcticyearbook.com/images/Articles_2013/KOPRA_AY13_FINAL.pdf.