Index

A

Abducens nerve palsy
Acquired neurologically isolated sixth nerve palsy
age and medical history
causes
central nervous system space-occupying lesions
early diagnosis
incidence
MRI technology
neuroimaging
neurologic signs
non-microvascular ischemic causes
patient’s management
pontine infarctions and hemorrhages
skull base tumors
vasculopathic risk factors
Acquired optociliary shunt veins
Acute demyelinating optic neuritis
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
Adeno-associated virus (AAV2)
Anisocoria
Anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibodies
Anti-MOG (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein) antibodies
Anti-MOG-associated optic neuritis
Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Aplastic anemia from acetazolamide
AQP4 antibody-negative optic neuritis
AQP4-antibody-positive optic neuritis
Aquaporin 4-antibody-associated disease
Area postrema syndrome
Arteritic and non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy
Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AAION)
Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, giant cell arteritis (GCA)
Asymptomatic bilateral atrophy
Asymptomatic unilateral optic atrophy
Autoimmune inflammatory disorders
Autoimmune thyroid labs

B

Band (“bowtie”) atrophy
Benign intracranial hypertension
Bilateral optic disc swelling
Bioinformatic analysis
Bowtie atrophy
Branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO)
British Ophthalmic Surveillance Unit (BOSU)

C

Cell-based anti-MOG assays
Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)
anterior chamber paracentesis
blood flow
blood oxygen tension, hyperbaric oxygen
cardiovascular mortality
carotid dissections
cosmetic procedures
development of
Central retinal artery occlusion (cont.)
diagnosis
emboli, central retinal artery
evidence based management guidelines
extracranial and intracranial carotid arteries
giant cell arteritis
imaging modalities
incidence
intraocular pressure lowering medications
ipsilateral carotid artery dissection
laser embolectomy
management
morbidity and mortality
non-arteritic CRAO/BRAO
ocular and systemic diseases
ocular compression
ocular massage
retinal arteriolar blood flow
retinal findings
retinal perfusion
risk factors
stroke rate
systemic risk factors
thrombosis
treatment
vasodilatation
hyperventilation/inhalation of carbogen
vasodilation/erythrocyte flexibility
visual acuity/field loss
Clinically definite MS (CDMS)
Coiling technique
Collapsible model theory, extrinsic stenosis and ICP elevation
Compressive optic neuropathy
Computer assisted detection (CAD) method
Controlled high-risk AVONEX multiple sclerosis (CHAMPS) trial
CRASH trial
CSF shunting procedures, IIH
complications
LPS vs. VPS

D

Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness (DIDMOAD)
Diagnostic criteria for NMOSD with AQP4-IgG
Diagnostic criteria of NMO
Differential diagnosis, NMO-ON

E

EAGLE trial
Early Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis (ETOMS)
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)
Exome sequencing

F

Foster Kennedy syndrome
Fulminant vision loss in IIH

G

Gene therapy for LHON
Genetic testing, LHON
Genome sequencing
Giant cell arteritis
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)
acute visual loss
adjunctive treatment
anti-viral treatment
azathioprine
clinical features
co-managed care approach
complete blood count
complications
corticosteroid treatment
C-reactive protein
CRP testing
delayed choroidal perfusion
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
extracranial circulation ischemia
fundus fluorescein angiography
gastric and bone prophylaxis
glucocorticoids
headache
immunopathology
interleukin-16
jaw claudication
large and mid-sized arteries
methotrexate
morbidity
multinucleated histiocytes and lymphocytes
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and statins
oral prednisone
skip-lesions
tocilizumab
visual recovery for patients
visual symptoms
VZV
Granulomatous inflammation, optic nerve

H

Hereditary optic neuropathy
Horner syndrome
adrenergic supersenstivity
alpha-2 agonist effect
apraclonidine
brimonidine
causes
in children
clinical diagnosis
cocaine
dilation lag of Horner pupil
neuro-imaging
carotid artery dissection
causative lesion
cranial nerve palsy
focal radiation therapy
neurologic localization
neuron lesions
oculosympathetic lesion
oculosympathetic pathway
pharmacologic localization
pharmacologic testing
primary malignancy
oculosympathetic deficit
pharmacologic diagnosis
pharmacological testing
reversal of anisocoria
sympathetic denervation

I

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)
abdominal mass in obesity
acetazolamide
adipose tissue
ancillary tests
bilateral papilledema
cerebrospinal fluid dynamics
CSF pressure
diagnosis
dural venous sinus stenting
elevated CSF pressure
elevated intracranial pressure
fluid restriction
furosemide and topiramate
headache
incidence
intracranial pressure
lumbar puncture
magnetic resonance imaging
management
medical and surgical treatment
medical conditions and medications
medical therapy
medical treatment
medication overuse headache
modified Dandy Criteria
morbidity
neuroimaging
obesity and weight gain
pathophysiology
potassium supplementation
pulsatile tinnitus
retinal nerve fiber layer thickness
secondary causes
steroids
surgical treatments
symptomatic headache treatment
symptoms
topiramate
total retinal thickness
transverse sinus collapse (smooth-walled venous stenoses)
treatment algorithm
unilateral stenting
vasomotor control
venous sinus stenting
antiplatelet therapy
CSF-venous interface
direct manometry
dural incompetence
intracranial pressure
OCT
patient symptoms
post-stent assessment
qualitative visual field data
side effects and complications
surgical treatments
transverse sinus-sigmoid sinus junction
visual field and acuity loss
visual acuity
visual loss
vitamin A/tetracyclines
weight loss
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial (IIHT)
Infectious optic neuritis
Infiltrative/non-demyelinating inflammatory process
International Optic Nerve Trauma Study
Intravenous steroids and plasmapheresis
Ipsilateral optic atrophy and contralateral papilledema
Ipsilateral retinal pathology
Isolated oculomotor cranial nerve palsy
by aneurysmal compression
Canadian and United Kingdom Perspective
aneurysm sac
CT scanning
diagnostic imaging
digital subtraction angiography
endovascular techniques
history and examination
incyclotorsion
MRI scanners
neuro-ophthalmic emergency
pupil size monitoring, role of
subarachnoid haemorrhage
treatment
compressive lesions
computed tomography angiography
CTA
DSA techniques
evaluation and management
intracranial aneurysms
ischemic mononeuropathy
ischemic third nerve palsies
MR angiography
neuroimaging
noninvasive neuroimaging
pupil sparing
third nerve palsy
IVF-based techniques

L

Large B cell lymphoma
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)
clinical features
disease transmission, prevention
idebenone
maternal inheritance
mitochondrial cocktails
mitochondrial DNA genetic disorder
neuroprotection
psychological and socioeconomic consequences
reactive oxygen species
sex bias
Leigh syndrome
Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM)
Long-term immune suppression
Lyme disease

M

Macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL)
Metabolic acidosis
Microvascular ischemia
Mitochondrial donation techniques
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial replacement therapy
Mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS)
Modified Dandy criteria
Molecular genetic testing of blood for LHON
MS associated optic neuritis (MS-ON)
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)

N

NAION, see Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION)
NASCIS studies
Natural history of acute demyelinating optic neuritis
Neuro-Behcet disease
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO)
clinical features
epidemiology
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD)
Neuro-Ophthalmology Research Disease Investigator Consortium (NORDIC)
Neuroretinitis
Neuro-sarcoidosis
Next generation sequencing
NMO associated optic neuritis (NMO-ON)
characteristic brain lesions
neuro-ophthalmic exam
NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD)
Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION)
acute hypoperfusion
acute optic neuropathy
aspirin
axonal damage
clinical presentaion
corticosteroids
cytotoxic factors
dialysis
intraocular pressure
intravitreal or peri-ocular and surgical therapies
mechanism of action
automated perimetry
on blood vessels
natural history
neuronal/axonal injury
neuroprotective strategies
optic disc edema
on thrombosis
vasodynamic factors
medical and surgical therapies
molecular-targeted therapies
natural history and pathophysiology
ocular risk factors
optic disc edema
optic nerve abnormalities
pathophysiology
secondary prevention
subretinal fluid
systemic and ocular risk factors
systemic medications
temporal artery biopsy
tertiary neuro-ophthalmology practice
treatment studies
vascular endothelial growth factor
vascular risk factors
visual acuity outcomes
visual dysfunction
Non-glaucomatous optic atrophy
Non-ischemic etiologies

O

Obesity
Ocular motor palsy
Optic disc cupping
Optic disc edema
Optic disc pallor
and grading
distribution of
Optic nerve atrophy
arcuate visual field defects
automated perimetry
chronic vision loss
clinical presentation
color vision
compression of optic chiasm
destruction of ganglion cells
disc cupping
ethambutol toxicity
exogenous agents
history and physical examination
laboratory screening
CSF cytology and flow cytometry
historical features/examination findings
lumbar puncture
neuromyelitis optica testing
nontreponemal test
toxic/metabolic cause of neuropathy
monocular/binocular vision loss
neurobiology
neurofibromatosis type 1
neurologic examination
neuro-ophthalmic examination
normal tension glaucoma
ophthalmic examination
optical coherence tomography
optociliary shunt vessels
retinal nerve fiber layer
retina/visual pathways
right junctional scotoma
severe pallor, cupping, arterial attenuation and RNFL loss
social and travel history
subacute vision loss
symptoms
tension glaucoma
TRD
triaging
vascular sequences
vision loss, acute
visual acuity
visual function
work-up
Optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF)
complications
and CSF shunting
pre-operative visual acuity
visual field monitoring
visual outcomes
Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT)
Optic neuropathy progression

P

Papilledema
Paraneoplastic optic neuropathy (PON)
Peripapillary hemorrhages
Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL)
Phosphenes
Photophobia
Plasmapheresis
Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION)
Primary demyelinating optic neuritis
Primary optic nerve sheath meningiomas
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Pseudo-Horner syndrome, causes

R

Recurrent stenosis
REFLECT study
Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)
Reproductive age
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss
Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL)
by OCT
Retinal vasculature, optic atrophy
Retrobulbar optic neuritis
Retrochiasmal dysfunction
RNFL analysis by OCT

S

Sarcoid optic neuritis
Sarcoidosis
Self-limiting venous collapse feedback loop model
Serum myelin oligodendrocyte autoantibody testing
Sjogren serologies
Sjogren syndrome
Superior/inferior pallor
Symptomatic bilateral optic atrophy
Symptomatic unilateral optic atrophy
Syphilis
Systemic lupus erythematous

T

Temporal arteritis
Thrombolytics
intra-arterial or intravenous tissue plasminogen activator
Thyroid function tests
Transient visual obscurations (TVOs)
Transsynaptic retrograde degeneration (TRD)
Transverse-sigmoid sinus junction (TSJ)
Transvitreal optic neurotomy
Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON)
blast injury
canal decompression
clinical evaluation
contrast-enhancement
corticosteroid therapy
corticosteroids in CNS injury
animal studies
rat studies
CT scanning
delayed axonal degeneration
diagnosis
diffusion weighted and diffusion tensor imaging
direct injury
epidemiologic studies
formal visual field testing
fundoscopy
head injury
indirect injury
intrasheath hemorrhage
management
in Asia
in Europe
in UK
in US
OCT
polytrauma
post-mortem optic nerve pathology
primary axonal injury
prognostic features
retinal pathology
spinal cord studies
surgical canal decompression
visual acuity
vitreous hemorrhage
Treatment for acute demyelinating optic neuritis
Treament, NMO
Trigeminal autonomic syndromes
Typical optic neuritis

U

UK Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA)
Unilateral optic atrophy
Unilateral temporal pallor

V

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) antigen
Vasculopathic risk factors
Venous sinus stenting
with obesity
quantitative assessment
Venous stenosis, in absence of classic IIH
Vitamin B12 deficiency

W

Weight gain
Western blot