Bibliography
Archival Sources
Alderman Library, University of Virginia. Papers of William Jett Lauck (MSS#4742). These are papers and scrapbooks relating to West Virginia labor conflicts collected by a longtime United Mine Workers Union consultant.
Eastern Regional Coal Archives. Craft Memorial Library. Bluefield, West Virginia. H. C. Lewis Collection. Includes: Trial transcripts of the trial of Sid Hatfield et al. for the murder of Albert and Lee Felts (cited in notes as HTT); and Felts, Tom, “The Terror of the Tug,” unpublished MS dealing with Sid Hatfield and Jessie Testerman Hatfield (cited in notes as Felts MS.).
Library of Congress. American Civil Liberties Union Archives. (Cited in notes as ACLU.)
National Archives. War Department. Adjutant General Files. RG407, AGO 370.7 Mingo County. (Cited in notes as Mingo County File.)
West Virginia and Regional History Collection, West Virginia University Library. Miners’ Treason Trial Transcripts. Circuit Court of Jefferson County, West Virginia. Six Reels of microfilm, 1, 2, 2A, 3, 4 and 5. (Cited in notes as TTT.)
Books
Adams, Graham, Jr. Age of Industrial Violence: 1910–1915. New York: Columbia University Press, 1966.
Adams, R. B. “Blair Mountain from the Other Side.” In Ken Sullivan, ed. The Goldenseal Book of the West Virginia Mine Wars. Charleston, W.Va.: Pictorial Histories Publishing Co., 1991.
Allen, Frederick Lewis. Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the 1920s. New York: Harper, 1964.
Berman, Edward. Labor Disputes and the President of the United States. New York: Columbia University Press, 1924.
Cohen, Stan. King Coal: A Pictorial Heritage of West Virginia Coal Mining. Charleston, W.Va.: Quarrier Press, 1984.
Cooper, John Milton. Pivotal Decades: The United States 1900–1920. New York: Norton, 1990.
Corbin, David Alan. “Frank Keeney Is Our Leader and We Shall Not Be Moved.” In Gary M. Fink and Merl Reed, eds. Essays in Southern Labor History. Southern Labor History Conference, 1976. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1977.
______. Life, Work, and Rebellion in the Coal Fields: The Southern West Virginia Miners, 1880–1922. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1981. Cited in notes as Corbin.
Daniels, Josephus. The Wilson Era: Years of War and After 1917–1923. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1946.
Dictionary of American Biography, Vol. IV. New York: Scribner, 1932.
Dix, Keith. “Mechanization, Workplace Control and the End of the Hand-Loading Era.” In The United Mine Workers of America: A Model of Industrial Solidarity? University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996.
Dubofsky, Melvin. The State and Labor in Modern America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994. Cited in notes as Dubofsky.
______, and Foster Rhea Dulles. Labor in America: A History. Wheeling, Ill.: Harlan Davidson, 1999.
______, and Warren Van Tyne. John. L. Lewis: A Biography. Abridged edition. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1986.
Foner, Eric, and John A. Garraty, eds. The Reader’s Companion to American History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1991.
George, Alexander, and Juliette L. Woodrow Wilson and Colonel House: A Personality Study. New York: Dover, 1964.
Gorn, Elliott J. Mother Jones: The Most Dangerous Woman in America. New York: Hill and Wang, 2001.
Hunt, Edward R., ed. What the Coal Commission Found: An Authoritative Summary by the Staff. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1925.
Johnson, James P. The Politics of Soft Coal: The Bituminous Industry from World War I Through the New Deal. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1979.
Jones, Virgil Carrington. The Hatfields and the McCoys: The Bloodiest Family Feud in American History. Marietta, Ga.: Mocking Bird Books, 1994. (Originally published by the University of North Carolina Press, 1948.)
Jordan, Daniel P. “The Mingo War: Labor Violence in the Southern West Virginia Coal Fields, 1919–1922.” In Fink and Reed, eds. Essays in Southern Labor History. Southern Labor History Conference, 1976. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1977.
Lambie, Joseph T. From Mine to Market: The History of Coal Transportation on the Norfolk and Western Railway. New York: New York University Press, 1954.
Lane, Withrop. Civil War in West Virginia. New York: Oriole Chapbooks, nd. Originally published in 1921.
Laurie, Clayton D. and Ronald H. Cole. The Role of Federal Military Forces in Domestic Disorders: 1877–1945. Army Historical Series, Vol. II. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, United States Army, 1997.
Lee, Howard B. Bloodletting in Appalachia. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press, 1969.
Leuchtenberg, William. Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal. New York: Harper, 1963.
Lunt, Richard D. Law and Order vs the Miners: WV 1906–1933. Charleston, W.Va.: Appalachian Editions, 1992. (Originally published in 1979 as an Archon Book.)
McCartin, Joseph A. Labor’s Great War: The Struggle for Industrial Democracy and the Origins of Modern American Labor Relations, 1912–1921. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.
Meador, Michael. “The Red Neck War of 1921: The Miners March and the Battle of Blair Mountain.” In Ken Sullivan, ed. The Goldenseal Book of the West Virginia Mine Wars. Charleston, W.Va.: Pictorial Histories Publishing Co., 1991.
______. “The Siege of Crooked Creek Gap.” In Ken Sullivan, ed. The Goldenseal Book of the West Virginia Mine Wars. Charleston, W.Va.: Pictorial Histories Publishing Co., 1991.
Mooney, Fred. Struggle in the Coal Fields: The Autobiography of Fred Mooney, J. W. Hess, ed. Morgantown, W.Va.: West Virginia University Library, 1967.
Murray, Robert K. Red Scare: A Study in National Hysteria, 1919–1920. New York: McGraw Hill, 1964.
Perlman, Selig, and Philip Taft. History of Labor in the United States, 1896–1932, Vol. IV, Labor Movements. New York: Macmillan, 1935.
Rich, Bennett Milton. The Presidents and Civil Disorder. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1941.
Russell, Francis. The Shadow of Blooming Grove. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968.
Savage, Joe. “Stopping the Armed March: The Nonunion Resistance.” In Ken Sullivan, ed. The Goldenseal Book of the West Virginia Mine Wars. Charleston, W.Va.: Pictorial Histories Publishing Co., 1991.
Savage, Lon. Thunder in the Mountains: The West Virginia Mine War 1920–21. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1990. Originally published by Jalamap.
Smith, Gene. When the Cheering Stopped: The Last Years of Woodrow Wilson. New York: Time Reading Program, 1966.
Spivak, John L. A Man in His Time. New York: Horizon Press, 1967.
Sullivan, Ken, ed. The Goldenseal Book of the West Virginia Mine Wars. Charleston, W.Va.: Goldenseal Magazine, 1991.
Sullivan, Mark. Our Times: America, the Birth of the 20th Century. Abridged edition, Dan Rather, ed. New York: Scribner, 1996.
Taft, Philip. Organized Labor in American History. New York: Harper & Row, 1964.
Topper, Sherwood. “The Dust Settles: Felts Papers Offer More on Matewan.” In Ken Sullivan.
Wilson, Edmund. The American Earthquake. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1958.
Zieger, Robert H. John L. Lewis: Labor Leader. Boston: Twayne, 1988.
Periodicals and Web Sites
Blankenhorn, Heber. “The Miners at Cleveland.” The Nation, September 27, 1919.
Burkinshaw, Neil. “Labor’s Valley Forge.” The Nation, December 8, 1920.
Cain, James M. “Treason to the Coal Operators.” The Nation, October 4, 1922.
Capozzola, Christopher. “Mother Jones: The Most Dangerous Woman in America.” The Progressive, September 2001.
Cole, Merle T. “Birth of the West Virginia State Police, 1919–1921.” West Virginia History, Vol. XLIII, No. 1, Fall 1981.
______. “Martial Law in West Virginia and Major Davis as Emperor of the Tug River.” West Virginia History, Vol. XLIII, No. 2, Winter 1982.
Fisher, Lucy Lee. “John J. Cornwell, Governor of West Virginia, 1917–1921, Part II.” West Virginia History. Vol XXIV, No. 4, July 1963.
Geiger, Joe and Greg Carroll. “West Virginia’s Mine Wars.” Compiled by the West Virginia State Archives at
wvculture.org/history.
Gleason, Arthur. “Private Ownership of Public Officials.” The Nation, May 5, 1920.
Hadsell, Richard M. and William E. Coffey. “From Law and Order to Class Warfare: Baldwin-Felts Detectives in the Southern West Virginia Coal Fields.” West Virginia History, Vol. XL, No. 3, Spring 1979.
Laurie, Clayton D. “The United States Army and the Return to Normalcy in Labor Interventions: The Case of the West Virginia Coal Mine Wars.” @www.wvculture.org./history/journal.
Maurer, Maurer and Calvin F. Senning. “Billy Mitchell, the Air Service and the Mingo War.” West Virginia History, October 1968, No. 1. Reprinted from The Airpower Historian. Maxwell Air Force Base. Montgomery, Ala., April 1965.
Phillips, Cabell. “The West Virginia Mine War.” American Heritage, August 1974.
Scholten, Pat Creech. “The Old Mother and Her Army: The Agitative Strategies of Mary Harris Jones.” West Virginia History, Vol. XL, No. 4.
Wolfe, Alan. “Strangled by the Roots.” New Republic, May 28, 2001.
Public Documents
The Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archeology, West Virginia University. The Battle of Blair Mountain (West Virginia): Cultural Resource Survey and Recording Project, Morgantown, W.Va., 1991. The report is based on a research effort conducted in response to controversy over the issuance of mining permits in Logan County. Its objective was to identify and possibly preserve key historic sites relevant to events of the summer of 1921. Cited in notes as TBOBM.
U.S. Senate, Committee on Education and Labor. West Virginia Coal Fields, Hearings Pursuant to S. 80, to Investigate Recent Acts of Violence in the Coal Fields of West Virginia and Adjacent Territory and the Causes which Led to the Conditions which now exist in Said Territory. 67th Congress, lst Session, 1921. 3 Vols. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1921. Cited in notes as WVCF. Unless otherwise noted all references are to Vol. 1.
Doctoral Dissertation
Bailey, Rebecca J. “Matewan Before the Massacre: Politics, Coal and the Roots of Conflict in Mingo County, 1793–1920.” Department of History, West Virginia University, 2001.
Television Documentary
Even the Heavens Weep. Produced by WPBY in Huntington, W.Va., 1985. Humanities Council of West Virginia Funding.