INDEX

Abdominojugular reflux

Accuracy

Acronyms

Adherence to medication

Admission history. See History

Aging

frailty syndrome

physiological

AIM-HIGH

Aird, Dr. William

Allergy, drug

Allium sativum (garlic)

Altman, Dr. Lawrence K.

Ambiguity, evidence-based medicine (EBM) and

Anchoring

Antiarrhythmic drugs

Anticipatory intuition

Antidiuretic hormone

Art of medicine

Aspirin

Atrial fibrillation

Autopsy, in situ cancers discovered at

Autoregulation

Base rate neglect

Bedside Cardiology

Beeson, Dr. Paul

Bell, Dr. Sigall

Bernard, Claude

Beta-blockers

Bevacizumab

Bias

acceptable

affective

aggregate

confirmation

creating listener

formulation

in randomized controlled trials (RCTs)

selection

semantic

Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking

Blood pressure

Body as servomechanism

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

Breathing, examination of

Butterfly effect

Cancers

breast

colorectal cancer frequency by age

in situ discovered at autopsy

Cannon, Dr. Walter B.

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Cardiac catheterization

Cardiac electrophysiologically active agents

Cardiac exam

Cardiac murmur, grading

Cardiac rhythm

Caregiver syndrome

Case presentations

attending’s perspective on

communication problems

context, adding

flow of information recommended in

freeze-framing technique

guideposts, use of

indicators (orienting phrases), use of

notes, use of

patient history

chief complaint

history of present illness

indicator of success for history-telling

medication profile

past medical history

review of systems

pitfalls, common

Causality

Central venous pressure (CVP)

Certainty

Chagas disease

Chest discomfort, differential diagnosis of

all things considered

cardiovascular causes

gastrointestinal causes

pleuropulmonary causes

worsts first approach

Cheyne–Stokes respiration

Chief complaint

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Cholesterol

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Classroom-to-clinic gap

Clinical inertia

Clinical Problem-Solving (CPS) cases

Clinical rounds. See also Case presentations

flow of information recommended in case presentations

purposes served by

Clinicopathologic Conferences (CPCs)

Cognitive errors

Colorectal cancer frequency by age

Complex systems

Compliance with prescribed medication

Computer interpretations of data

Concordance

Confidence intervals

Confirmation bias

Constant, Dr. Jules

Constrictive pericarditis

Cook, Dr. Deborah J.

Coronary artery disease

Croskerry, Dr. Pat

Cut-and-paste workups

Data

computer interpretations

critical examination of

cut-and-paste workups

evidence-based assessment of test results

importance of reviewing

open-access

sourcing and validation of primary data

variability

assessing observer

coping with observer

interobserver

intraobserver

kappa statistic

unexpected sources

Delbanco, Dr. Tom

Diagnosis

differential

dual or multiple

key questions

Diamond, Dr. Louis K.

Differential diagnosis

of chest discomfort

ECG example

“n-plus” rule

onion skinning (mental body scanning)

pathophysiologic-based

of right quadrant pain

suggested exercise for

two-tier approach to framing

Digitalis toxicity

Digoxin

Disease

definitions of

external stress and

fetal origins of disease hypothesis

germ theory of

iatrogenic

internal stress and

mechanisms of

primary disease versus inadvertent injury

syndromes

Disease process

DNA

DNR (do not resuscitate)

Dock, Dr. William

Domino effect

Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan

Drug-resistant organisms

Drugs. See also Medication profile; Medications

adverse effects

changes in targets

off-target effects

pleiotrophy of effect

withdrawals

Dynamical system

Dyspnea

Earthquake, Los Angeles (1994)

EBM. See Evidence-based medicine

Echocardiogram

Edema, pedal

Efficacy

Ehrlich, Paul

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Emergent ideas

Emergent property

Emerson, Ralph Waldo

Eponyms

“Error bars”

Errors, medical

cognitive

medical

classification of

communication flaws

cost of

definition of

guilt concerning

harm to doctors

medication errors

near-misses

reducing

surgery errors

system

motivation in reducing

propagation of

unclassified

Etiology, Concept and Prophylaxis of Childbed Fever

Evidence-based medicine (EBM)

ambiguity

assessment of test results

clinical inertia and exit block syndromes

clinical use of

critical examination of the data

guiding assumptions/propositions

importance of

as a new paradigm

origin of term

quantitative versus pseudoquantitative medicine

uncertainty and

Evidence-Based Physical Diagnosis

Exclusion criteria in randomized controlled trials

Exit block

Explicit decisions

False positives

Fetal origins of disease hypothesis

Fever

First impressions, validity of

Flamingo sign

Fleming, Alexander

Folkman, Judah

Forme fruste

Formulation bias

Fracture, pathologic

Frailty syndrome

Freeze-framing technique

described

lab test presentation

Galileo

Gallavardin, Jean Pierre

Gallavardin phenomenon

Gap, bridging classroom-to-clinic

Garlic (Allium sativum)

Germ theory of disease

Gladwell, Malcom

Glimpse versus gaze

Glucometer

Glucose, homeostatic regulation of serum

Goiter

Groopman, Dr. Jerome

Guidepost qualifiers

Guilt, concerning medical errors

Guyatt, Dr. Gordon

Hand-washing

Hayward, Dr. Rodney

Health, definition of

Health Insurance and Portability Act (HIPAA)

Heart failure

pulsus alternans in

as a syndrome

Heart rate

Heartbeat

Height

Helicobacter pylori

Herbs and supplements

Hickam’s principle

Hidden curriculum

High-throughput medicine

History

chief complaint

elements of

history of present illness

medication profile

past medical history

pitfalls, common

review of systems

Hofer, Dr. Tim

Holmes, Sherlock

Homeostasis

Hoofbeats

How Doctors Think

Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s wort)

Hyperkalemia

Hypertension

Hypertexting

Hyperthyroidism

Hyponatremia

Hypothesis testing

Iatrogenic disease

Illusion

Rubin vase

Zoellner

Imaging studies

correlating physical findings with

diagnostic limitations of

overreliance on

reporting of

testing hypothesis developed on physical exam

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy

Implicit decisions

In situ tumors

“Incidental” findings

Indicators

Inertia

Injury, primary disease versus inadvertent

Innovation, unexpected

Insulin, noncompliance to regimen

Intermittency in biological systems

Interobserver checking

Interstitial curriculum

Intolerance, drug

Intuition

anticipatory

creative

overreliance on

Irritable bowel syndrome

Kafka, Franz

Kalluri, Dr. Raghu

Kappa statistic

Kent, Dr. David

Kolletschka, Jakob

Lab tests

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

checking primary sources

classification of basic data

communicating results

compliance, patient

contingency plans

electrocardiogram (ECG)

false-positive results

four C’s of lab test ordering

“incidental” findings

notes to attendings

physical exam elements as equivalent of

presentation of

attending’s perspective on

expedited presentations

freeze-framing

sourcing and validation of primary data

“zigzag”

routine or baseline

“zero-based” attitude toward ordering

Lateral thinking

Learning

with mnemonic devices

multisourcing

“patho-lists”

pathophysiologic approach to

saltation

sketching

spiral curve of

styles

by teaching

Leor, Dr. Jonathan

Lorenz attractor

Magic bullet

Mandelbrot set

Marshall, Dr. Barry

McGee, Dr. Steven

Mechanisms of disease

Medical errors. See Errors, medical

Medication profile

adherence/compliance

adverse effects

herbs and supplements

medication reconciliation

medications defined

rules for prescribing medications

Medications. See also Drugs

dosage

drug withdrawals

errors

names of drugs

off-target effects

polypharmacy

semantic bias

Mental body scanning (onion skinning)

Mnemonic devices

Moore’s law

MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

Multifocal atrial tachycardia

Multimodal testing

Multisourcing

Murmur, grading

Murrow, Edward R.

Myocardial infarction, “silent”

“n-plus” rule

Niacin

Naming of drugs

National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention

National Organization of Rare Diseases

Nautilus shell

Near-misses

Newton, Sir Isaac

9/11 Commission Report

9/11 syndrome

Nonlinearity

Observed versus expected

Obstructive sleep apnea

Occam’s/Ockham’s razor

Off-target effects

Onion skinning (mental body scanning)

Open-access data

Optical illusion

Outliers

Parsimony, principle of

Past medical history

Pathognomonic presentation

Pathologic fracture

Pathophysiologic approach to learning

Patient history. See History

Pedal edema

Penicillin, discovery of

Peptic ulcers

Pericarditis, constrictive

Petersdorf, Dr. Robert

Phase changes

Physical exam

attending’s perspective on

cardiac exam

correlating findings to imaging studies

elements as equivalent of lab tests

general appearance of the patient

as hypothesis testing

level of certainty, increasing

limitations of

replacing semi- or pseudoquantitative measures with qualitative measures

semantic and scientific precision

vital signs

Pleiotrophy of effect

Pneumonia, community-acquired

Polypharmacy

Posner, Dr. Jean

Precision, semantic and scientific in physical exam

Premature aging

Presentations. See Case presentations

Prior probability

Proarrhythmic effects of drugs

Prostate cancer

Puerperal fever

Pulse oximetry

Pulsus alternans in heart failure

QT intervals

Quality, culture of

Quantitative versus pseudoquantitative medicine

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs)

applicability to your patient

clinical efficacy

critical examination of data

exclusion criteria in

limitations of

Rare diseases

The Rational Clinical Examination

Re-look modality of seeing

Rennie, Dr. Drummond

Reproducibility of findings

Respiration

Restless legs syndrome

Review of systems (ROS)

Right quadrant pain, differential diagnosis of

ROS (review of systems)

Rosiglitazone

Rubin vase

S3 gallop rhythm

Saltation

Schistosomiasis

Second opinion

Semantics

bias

biochemical bias

prescribed drugs

targeted therapies

precision in physical exam

Semmelweis, Ignaz

Servomechanism, body as

Simel, Dr. David

Simvastatin

Sleep apnea, obstructive

Spiral curve of learning

SpO₂

Spodick, Dr. David

“Square root sign”

St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum)

Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant (MRSA)

Static biomarkers

Stewart, Potter

Stress

external

internal

Supplements

Sutton, William (Willie)

Sutton’s law

Syndrome

Tachypnea

Talks, guidelines for prepared

Targeted medicine

Targeted therapy

factors thwarting search for targets

goal of

semantic bias and

Teachable moment

Teaching, learning by

10% rule

Tests. See also Lab tests

multimodal testing

static biomarkers

Thrifty phenotype hypothesis

Thyroid cancer

Thyroid gland, examination of

To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Healthcare System

Torcetrapib

Translational medicine

Uncertainty in medicine

Unintended consequences, law of

Units, assigning proper to vital signs

Vancomycin, allergy to

Variability

assessing observer

coping with observer

interobserver

intraobserver

kappa statistic for measuring

note to attendings on

unexpected sources of

Vasopressin

Ventilator

Vital signs

blood pressure

comparison with previous values

finding hidden information in

heart rate

height

lapses in reporting

pulse oximetry

respiration

weight

Volatility in biological systems

Warren, Robin

Washing hands

Where the Money Was: The Memoirs of a Bank Robber

“White coat” effects

William of Ockham

Wilson’s disease

Woodward, Dr. Theodore E.

Worsts first principle

described

differential diagnosis of chest discomfort

differential diagnosis of right quadrant pain

“Yips”

Zebras

Zoellner illusion