Cerberus, a mere creature of the imagina tion, iii. 1024; iv. 735

Ceres, her name sometimes used for ccrn, ii. 655 ; full-bosomed, iv. 1164 ; her gift of corn to mortals compared witli the benefits conferred on them by Epicurus, v. 14

Chaldeans, their astronomy, v. 726

Change, is perpetually going on in nature; nothing stationary, v. 826 ; whatever is liable to change is mortal, v. 377 ; also i. 671, 792; ii. 75,'i; iii. 518; change in the value of things, v. 1275 ; how change is effected, iii. 512

Charcoal, the smell of it noxious to the brain, vi. 803; remedy against it, ib.

Chariots, the invention of them subse quent to that of riding on horseback, v. 1296; armed with scythes, v. 1300; iii. 642

Charybdis, i. 753

Chian garments, iv. 1126. See Alinda

Children, ought to be dutiful to their pa rents, ii. 605; those who are otherwise, are not deserving to be parents them selves, ii. 615 ; why they sometimes re semble the father, or mother, or both, iv. 1205 ; why they are sometimes like their grandfathers or other ancestors, ii. 1214; how deceived by physicians or nurses, i. 935; iv. 11; afraid in the dark, ii. 54; iii. 87; vi. 35

Chimaera, a monster that never could have existed, v. 899; ii. 705. See Cen taurs

Cilician saffron, stage sprinkled with a so lution of, ii. 416

Cities, first built, v. 1107.

Clothes, those that were stitched together preceded those that were woven, v. 1349. See Garments

Clouds, how generated, vi. 451 ; how rain is produced, vi. 495; great rains, vi. 517; fantastic shapes of, iv. 137; not always soft, but so hard that they will crackle if broken, vi. 150

Cock, why the lion shrinks from him, iv. 712

Cold, Lucretius thought it an invisible substance, i. 356; penetrates to the bones, and through metals and walls, i. 356, 495 ; vi. 949, 953. See Heat

Colour. Any colour may be changed into any other colour by an alteration in the position of the atoms of the substance to which it belongs, ii. 765; instance in the change of the colour of the sea from dark to white, ib. ; change in the colour of pigeons' necks and peacocks' tails, from the effects of light, ii. 801; no colour without light, inference from this, ii. 795

Conjuncts, or Adjuncts, see Accidents

Conscience, disquietudes of a guilty, iii. 1031

Contentment, the greatest riches, v. 1116; man may be content with little, ii. 20

487

Convulsions in those diseased with the

plague, vi. 1160, 11S9 Com, ,->aid to have been first sown by

I'l-ri-i, v. 14 ; the knowledge of corn and

wine not necessary to mankind, for some

nations still live without them, v. 10 Corruption, or dissolution, of one thin;.' is

necessary to generation of another, i. 2C3 Cranes, their noise, iv. 132, 911 Craters of ./Etna, vi. 702 Cretan bull, v. 26

Crete, the scene of Jupiter's infancy, i. G35 Crows, why never white, or swans black,

ii. 817; foretell changes of weather, v.

10S2 Cultivation in the earliest ages, v. 13G6;

tools were first made of brass, v. 1288 Cunue, one of the Averni near it, vi. 748 Cups of metal penetrated by cold and

heat, i. 496; vi. 951 Curetes, priests who brought up Jupiter

in Crete, ii. 684 Cybele, the mother of the gods; Lucretius

makes ner the same as the Earth, ii.

599, 658; how represented, nnd with

what ceremonies worshipped, ii. C02, teq.

Uanaides, the fable of them commented

upon, Hi. 1017

Day and night, possible causes of their in crease and decrease, v. 679, teq.; why they succeed one another, v. G49 Death, described, ii. 944 ; is the separation of soul and body, iii. 209—228 ; the fear of it produces and cherishes many evils, iii. 59; must be dispelled by the contem plation of the course of nature, and the exercise of reason, i. 149; ii. 60; iii. 91 ; vi. 41

Deer, timid from natural constitution, iii. 300; cast their horns, iii. 014; sup posed to draw serpents from their holes by their breath, vi. 7GG Deity, tee Gods Delphic laurel, ire Laurel Democritus, his opinion that each atom of the soul corresponded to an atom of the body, iii. 371; he committed suicide when he found old age coming on, iii. 1052 ; his notion concerning the revolu tions of the heavenly bodies, v. 020 Descriptions—

Of (the effects of the approach of

Venus, i. 6 Of the Spring, i. 10 Of Mars in the lap of Venus, i. 33 Of the effects of wind, i. 272 Of a torrent, i. 2S1 Of a wood taking fire, i. 896 Of a flock of sheep feeding on a dis tant hill, iii. 317 Of armies encasing, ii. 323 Of a cow brmnaiiing the loss of her

calf, ii. 352

Of a shipwreck, ii. 553 Of the goddess Cybele, and the cere-

Descriptions—

monies used in her worship, ii. Ml Of the golden age, and subsequent

change in th;r,i.'<. ii. ll.'H Of a person swooning, iii. 1J3 Of a person in a lethargy, iii. 46fi Of the effects of wine, iii. 475 Of a person in an epileptic fit, iii.

486 Of the terrors of a guilty conscience,

iii. 1031 Of appearances in the clouds, iv.

137

Of the swiftness of images, iv. 210 Of shadow, iv. 3G9 Of ships reflected in the water, iv.

437 Of phenomena and effects in

dreams, iv. 963—1026 Of a new-born babe, v. 223 Of the rise and formation of the

world, v. 417—509 Of the four seasons, v. 736 Of the production of animals from

the earth, v. SOS

Of the discovery of metals, v. 1251 Of a thunder-storm, vi. 2S1 Of an eruption of jEtna, vi. 010 Of the Averni, vi. 739 Of the plague at Athens, vi. 1137 Diana, Iphigenia immolated at her altar,

i. 85 Diminution of things, how caused, i. 312 ;

ii. 71

Diseases, arise from noxious atoms in the air, vi. 10S9; certain diseases peculiar to certain countries, vi. 1113 Dissolution ; things more easily dissolved

than formed, i. ~<~>~ Distance of an object, how known by its

image, according to Lucretius, iv. 245 Divisibility of matter is limited, i. 552,

COO, 616 Dodona, a spring there which sets fire to

light substances, vi. 880 Dogs, soon seized by the pestilence, vi.

1221

Dreams, caused by images flying about, iv. 38. 725, 7 jy. How the mind deceives itself in dreams, 451—4C9

Earth, contains in itself various sorts of atoms, whence all things are produced, ii. 590; justly, therefore, called the Great Mother, ii. 599; v. 794, 820; how worshipped under the name of Cylx-le, ii. 601 ; grows old and decays, ii. 1151 ; hangs in the air, ii. 603; how it rests in the middle of the world without being a burden to the air, v. 535—564; wa» generated and is perishable, v. 236, 735; vi. 601 ; so much of it is useless to man, that it cannot have been designed by divine wisdom for man's use, v. .'-I

Earthquakes, causes of, vi. 535—607

INDEX.

Echo, how formed, iv. 572 ; several echos from one spot, iv. 579

Eclipses, v. 750; eclipses of the sun may not always proceed from the interposi tion of the moon, v. 752; those of the moon may not always be caused by the intervention of the earth, v. 762

Egypt, vi. 714.1105, 1139

Egyptians subject to leprosy, vi. 1113

Elements, the four: no one of them the origin of all other things, i. 706—712; not fire, as Heraclitus thought, i. 636 ; nor any combination of any of the four, i. 713; the errors of Empedocles and others in making the four elements the origin of things, i. 743, seq.; are all four generated and perishable, v. 236 ; two of them, fire and water, always at strife with each other, v. 381

Elephants, not prolific, ii. 533; why called Boves Lucce, v. 1301, 1338; used in war, : with towers, v. 1301

Empedocles, a native of Agrigentum, i. ! 717; his excellence as a philosopher, i. I 730; his errors in making the four ele- ; ments the origin of things, denying the ' existence of vacuity in bodies, and af- | firming matter to be infinitely divisible, ' i. 743, seq.

Knnius, believed in the transmigration of i souls, i. 117; was the first eminent ! Latin poet, i. 118; said that the shade ' of Homer appeared to him, i. 125

Epicurus, was the first that raised his , eyes against the terrors of religion, i. 63 ; i his meditations, and their results, i. 73; | his doctrines adopted by Lucretius, iii. 1; v. 56 ; his liberation of the mind from the terrors of future sufferings, iii. 14; surpassed all other benefactors of man- j kind, v. 11; iii. 1055; excellence of his i instructions, vi. 1

Epidemical diseases caused by the pre- ! valence of certain atoms, vi. 1092

Erysipelas, vi. 661, 1166

Etesian winds, v. 741; vi. 717, 731

Etruscan augury, vanity of, vi. 379

Events, see Accidents

False, s*e True

Fate, chain of causes, ii. 251 ; the gods cannot preserve their temples against the decay appointed by fate, or the law of nature, v. 309

Fauns, deities of the woods, Iv. 585

Favonius, the wind, i. 11

Fear of death, must be expelled from the mind before pure tranquillity can be en joyed, iii. 37 ; sometimes drives men to suicide, iii. 79

Fire, not the origin of all things, as He raclitus believed, i. 636, seq.; trees sometimes take fire of themselves, i. 896; flame does not aspire naturally, but only from an impelling force, ii. 184 —215 ; fire perishes and is renewed, like

the other three elements, v. 282; origin of fire among mankind was probably from lightning, v. 1090 ; yet might have had another origin, v. 1095 ; wind, like other bodies, may take fire from swift ness of motion, vi. 300 ; all combustible bodies contain atoms to supply flame, ii. 672; fire of lightning is more penetrating than ordinary fire, as consisting of smaller atoms, ii. 381

Fire, St. Anthony's, see Erysipelas

Firm, see Fluid, Solid

Flood, of Deucalion, v. 412

Flora, v. 738

Fluid. AVhy some substances are fluid, others solid, ii. 444—455

Food. The same foods nourish different ani mals by reason of the variety of the atoms which they contain, ii. 660 ; how food is distributed, and disposed of, after it is received into the body, ii. 1222 ; pleasure from food is limited to the mouth, iv. 629; how food, by disturbing the atoms of the body, tends to produce sleep, iv. 955; how men began to dress food, v. 1101

Force necessary to the dissolution of sub stances, and why the same degree of force cannot dissolve every substance, i. 239

Fountain of Jupiter Ammon, vi. 849; of Dodona, vi. 880

Furies, creatures of the imagination, iii. 1024

Galli, priests of Cybele, ii. 614

Games at Athens in honour of Vulcan, ii. 78

Gardens of the Hesperides, guarded by a dragon, v. 33

Garments of Alinda and Chia, iv. 112C. See Clothes

Geese, saved the Capitol, iv. 685; per ceive the smell of a man at a great dis tance, 16.

Generation, corruption necessary to it, i. 263; motion necessary to it, i. 343; what things are necessary to animal generation, v. 847

Geryon, v. 28

Ghosts, where said by Ennius to reside, i. 123. Sec- Images

Giants. Those who affirm that the heaven is perishable, are thought as impious as the giants who assailed it, v. 118

Giddiness, caused by whirling round, iv. 401

Glue, its tenacity, vi. 1068

Gods. Seems doubtful whether Lucretius believed in their existence or not. In v. 1160—119C, he seems to intimate that they were the mere offspring of imagin ation ; in vi. 76, he adverts to them as real beings, emitting images from their substance. Described as enjoying a state of profound tranquillity and un-

489

concern,!. 5S; ii. 647; did not make the world, v. 157; do not rule it, ii. 1090; cannot preserve even their own temples, v. 309

Gold, lirst discovery of it, v. 1240 Golden apples of the Hesperides, v. 33 Good men, the destruction of them by lightning, whilst the bad are spared, a proof that the fires of heaven are not wielded by a just deity, vi. 387 Government, monarchy was the first form of it, v. 1107; kings were envied and deposed, and anarchy ensued, v. 1135; but the wiser part of men taught the rest to re-establish a government of Borne kjnd, v. 1142. See Kings Grafting, v. 1360

Greeks, their philosophy difficult to he ex pounded in Latin verse, i. 137. Greek poets' description of Cybele and her rites, ii. 601

Hail. How hail, ice, snow, and hoar-frost are generated, it is easy to conceive when the nature of atoms is understood, vi. 527

Happiness, not to be attained without ex emption from fear of the future, i. 37

Hardness, see Solidity

Harmony. The soul not a harmony of the parts of the body, iii. 98

Hearing, produced by the impact of cor poreal atoms on the organs of hearing, Iv. 525; why many hear, when one speaks, iv. 565, 605 ; why we hear sounds through walls, iv. 597

Heat, a substance, though invisible, i. 495 ; necessary to life, and to the forma tion of the soul, iii. 270; abounded in the earth at the time of the first pro duction of animals, v. 804; no heat in which air is not mixed, iii. 235 ; heat and cold affect the senses differently, from the difference in their constituent atoms, ii. 431

Heavens, not immutable and imperish able, v. 92 ; not the abodes of the gods, whicli cannot be supposed to be in our world, v. 147; the formation of it, v. 468, 499; causes of its motion, and Jof that of the heavenly bodies, v. 510

Helen, i. 465

Helice and Bura swallowed up by an earthquake. Sfe jF.gium

Helicon, i. 119; iii. 133; iv. 549; vi. 786

Hell, tee Tartarus

Hellebore, poison to man, but fattens goats and quails, iv. 642 ; causes of such effects, iv. 644

Hrraclitus, his opinion that fire was the origin of things, i. 636 ; his style adapted rather to amaze the ignorant than to delight the learned, i. 640; but seems to have written with a certain elegance, i. 642 : his opinion about fire refuted, i. 646—705

Herbs and trees were produced before ani mals, v. 781. See Plants

Hercules, his labours, v. 22 ; of less bene fit to mankind than those of Epicurus, ib.

Hesperides, gardens of, guarded by a dragon, v. 33

Hoar-frost, see Hail

Homer. Ennius says that his shade ap peared to him, i. 125 ; his golden chain descending from heaven, ii. 1155

Homosomery of Anaxagoras, tee Anaxa-goras

Honey, pleasant to the taste from the smoothness and roundness of its parti cles, ii. 398; dead embalmed in honey, iii. 904 ; how its consistence differs from that of water, iii. 190; contains both smooth and sharp particles, iv. 673; physicians tinge the rims of cups with honey for children, i. 9-16; iv. 22; bees attracted by the smell of honey, iv. (ii-tl

Houses. The commencement of building houses, v. 1009

Human nature requires but little for its support, ii. 20. See Man

Hunger, caused by the emission of parti cles from the body, iv. 859

Hydra, killed by Hercules, v. 27

llyrcanian dogs, iii. 750

Ice, tee Hail

Ida, a phenomenon seen from it at sun rise, v. 6G2

Images, what is to be understood by them, and how they are produced, iv. 35, 46 ; retain the form and likeness of the body from which they pass, iv. 49 ; extreme tenuity of them, iv. 109 ; not more strange that images should fly off from objects than that odours should be dis charged from them, iv. 122; do not all come from objects; some are formed spontaneously, iv. 130; some are per petually flying off from objects, iv. 144, 726; why reflected only from smooth surfaces, iv. 147 ; the form which we see in a mirror, is not the effect of one image only, but of many.iv. 160; images are the sole cause of vision, h their swiftness, iv. 177; are dUjiMM'd in all directions, but we only perceive those on which we fix our attention, iv. 240; we know the distance of objects from the effect of their images on the eyes, iv. 245 ; why the image in a mir ror appears beyond its surface, iv LT.i . why the right hand of a person npiic:ir< to be the left when reflected in a mirror, iv. 293; transmission of images from mirror to mirror, iv. 303; an observation about images in concave or convex mir rors, (it is doubtful which of the two is meant,) iv. 312; why our image in a mirror seems to move with us, iv. 321 ; three sorts of images; those which ily

INDEX.

from objects, those which are panerated spontaneously, and those which are compounded, iv. 738; images of mon sters, how formed, iv. 743; how it is that we appear to see images of the dead, iv. 759, 730

Imagination, s/e Images, Thought

Impacts. This world not sustained by per petual impacts of surrounding matter, i. 1040

Impiety, Lucretius defends himself against the charge of, i. 81; many im pious deeds have been caused by fan cied religion, i. 84

Infinitude of the universe, i. 969

Invocation of Venus, i. I. See Venus

Ionian Sea, i. 720

Iphiger.ia, sacrifice of, i. 85

Iron, discovery of it, v. 1280; how at tracted by the magnet, vi. 907

Italy, called jEolia, i. 722

Jaundice, all things seem yellow to those

affected with it, iv. 333 Jupiter, folly of supposing that he hurls

thunder and lightning, vi. 337, 401

Kings, were first elected from regard to strength and beauty of person, v. 1110 ; were envied and slain, and the govern ment fell to the rabble, v. 1135; kings tremble at the supposed power of the gods, v. 1221 ; kings in their sleep dream of battles, iv. 1010

Knowledge. He that denies that there is any knowledge, whence has he that knowledge ? iv. 470

Lamps, see Candles

Laurel burns with a crackling sound, vi. 154

Laws, made to suppress violence and bloodshed, v. 1H3 ; improved by e'xperi-ence, v. 1447; came from Athens, vi. 3

Leaders, see Kings

Least; must be a least possible quantity in every kind of matter, or a point at which division ends, i. 552—635

Leprosy, frequent in Egypt, vi. 1113

LernEean Hydra slain by Hercules, v. 26

Letters, invention of, v. 1444

Life, what is necessary to preserve life in the body, iii. 120; no reason why we should seek to prolong it beyond the or dinary term, iii. 916; is given to none as a property, but to all for use, iii. 984; the life of some so inanimate that it may almost be called dead, iii. 1059; life passed in darkness, ii. 53; life of the wise most desirable, ii. 1; the directress of life is pleasure, ii. 172; commencement of vegetable and animal life, v. 781, teq.; tranquil life of the gocis, i. 57 ; ii. 646

Light, consists of exceedingly small atoms that move with great velocity, ii. 143 ;

passes through horn when water will not, ii, 387; particles of light perpetually passing off from the sun, v. 282 ; the flame of lamps constantly wasting, and constantly being renewed, by the agency of heat, v. 295

Lightning, produced by a concourse of ig neous atoms in the .clouds, vi. 160; a dry cloud may thus be burned up with a crackling like that of laurel leaves,.vi. 150; may be produced by wind heated from its own velocity, vi. 173, 295 ; or by the compression of clouds, vi. 211, 246 ; or by the rarefaction of a cloud, vi. 213; its penetrating power, vi. 223, 330, 348; heat in the clouds may be assisted by the sun's heat, vi. 273; may be pro duced by the impact on a cloud of wind not heated, vi. 309; its force, vi. 335 ; most prevalent in autumn, vi. 357; study of Etruscan auguries unprofitable, vi. 379; lightning not hurled by Jupiter or any of the gods, and why, vi. 387; more penetrating than ordinary flame, from the smallness of its atoms, ii. 381

Limbs, cannot retain life when separated from the body, ii. 912 ; not produced for use, but used because they were found serviceable, iv. 824; body will live when the limbs are taken away, iii. 120, 642

Lions, of a fierce disposition, iii. 297 ; shrink from a cock, iv. 714 ; lions draw the chariot of Cybele, ii. 602 ; the Par-thians attempted to use them in war, v. 1309; the Nemaean lion, v. 25

Liquids, composed of smooth and round particles, ii. 451

Loadstone, see Magnet

Looking-glass, see Mirror

Love and desire, the rise, progress, and force of them, iv. 1027 ; inconveniences of too great indulgence of the passion of love, iv. 1117; men, blind with desire, attribute to the beloved object qualities which she does not possess, iv. 1145 ; why plain women are often deserving objects of affection, iv. 1274 ; how a man is to rescue himself from the nets of love, iv. 1059, 1145

Magnet, first noticed in the country of the Magnetes, vi. 909; will attach to itself a number of iron rings, dependent one from another, vi. 912; causes of its power detailed, vi. 918—1088 ; atoms fly off from the magnet, and atoms of the iron rush into their places, giving an im pulse to the whole of the iron, vi. 1001 ; the air assists in impelling the iron, vi. 1021 ; its effect on Samothracian rings, and on filings of iron in a brazen basin, vi. 1043; reason why it acts on no sub stance but iron, vi. 1055 ; mutual adapt ation of the atoms and pores of the magnet and iron to one another, vi. 1083

Man. Dispositions of men differ, from the

491

greater or less influence of certain particles in their organization, iii. 308 ; man the most helpless of all animals in his infancy, v. 223; origin of man, v. 803; condition of the first men; a hardy race, v. 923; how they lived, v. 929— 1008; began by degrees to form socie ties, v. 1009; commencement of lan guage, v. 1027; no one man gave names to things, v. 10-10—1090; how men be gan to build cities, establish govern ment, and improve their condition, v. 1107—1456

Manes. Men sacrifice to the Dii Manes, iii. 52. Manes do not dwell in the Avenii, vi. 765

Mars in the lap of Venus, i. 33

Mask of plaster, iv. 297

Matter, must have existed always, since nothing can spring from nothing, i. lji>. if nothing could rise out of nothing, any thing might rise out of any thing, i. 160 ; and might rise at any time, i. 175 ; or increase to any size at once, i. 185; matter is imperishable; substances of every kind may be resolved into their atoms, but their atoms cannot be de stroyed, i. 216 ; were there no such dis tinct imperishable atoms, animals (and vegetables) could not be reproduced and nourished, generatim, according to their several kinds, i. 220 ; there mutt be atoms that resist all destructive force, i. 239, Ml, 552 ; the atoms of mat ter are invisible, i. 272; no portion of matter is solid, but all has some vacuity intermixed with it, i. 330—370 ; further arguments on this head, i. 371—400; atoms of matter, to be indestructible, must be solid, i. 48-1, 531 ; were there no vacuity in matter, all matter would be solid, and unable to move and act, i. 521 ; if the ultimate particles of matter were soft, there could be no solid sub stances fonned, i. 571 ; if the atoms of matter were not infrangible and imper ishable, the different kinds of animals and substances could not be kept dis tinct, i. 585; some arguments to show that matter is not infinitely divisible, i. 600—628; compound bodies could not subsist but for a constant supply of matter to renew the waste from them, i. 1034; certain combinations of matter generate certain productions, i. 170; ii. 871

Matuta leads forth Aurora at a certain time, v. 655

Meat, tee Food

Mediocrity, the state of most enjoyment, v. 112fi"

Memmius i. 27, et alibi, flee the Life of Lucretius.

Memory, lost by many in the plague at Athens, vi. 1212

Metals, how first discovered, v. 1240;

pervious to heat and cold, i. 496; vi. !»••!), '.'55. See Iron, Brass, Gold

Milk, pleasant to the taste from the smoothness and roundness of its parti cles, ii. 398

Mind, is a part of a man not less than the hand and foot, iii. 94; mind and soul are both material, as they act by corpo real touch, the mind on the soul, and the soul on the body, iii. 1C2; consist of the finest and most minute particles, iii. 180, 217, 426; swiftness of thought, iii. 1S3; mind and soul are so intimately connected as to form one substance, iii. 137,160; Lucretius, therefore, in prov ing them both mortal, uses the terms indiscriminately, iii. 422; mind hai greater influence than the soul in pre serving life, iii. 397 ; how the mind judges of the different figures of objects, iv. 231 ; mind sometimes suffers when the soul is free from pain or trouble, iii. 150; strong passion in the mind arises from the prevalence of hot particles in it, iii. 289 ; thoughts in the mind pro duced by images, iv. 724. See Soul

Mines, noxious effluvia from, vi. 811

M irrors, why a polished surface, as of mir rors, reflects the images of object!", when that of other substances does not, iv. 151; convex or concave mirrors, iv. 312. See Images

Moisture penetrates into many bodies that seem solid, i. 347

Monarchy, commencement of it, v. 1107. See Kings, Government

Monster. Such monsters as Chimeras and Centaurs never could have existed, ii. 705; v. 89!); when the earth began to produce animals, it generated many monsters and abortions, which of neces sity perished, v. 835—853

Moon, not much larger, according to Lu cretius, than she appears, v. 575; he does not decide whether she shines with her own or with borrowed light, v. 575, 703; cannot tell why she travels through the twelve signs in a month, when the sun takes a year to traverse them, v. 613; causes of the moon's phases proposed, v. 703—729 ; the old moon may decay, and a new one be pro duced, periodically, v. 730 ; possible causes of eclipses, v. 750—769

Morning, how it may be caused, v. 655— 678

Motes in the sun-beam, from their motions we may judge of those of the primordial atoms, ii. Ill

Motion, that of atoms was from their own weight, by which they descended through the infinity nf space, ii. s:s, l;t2. 137, 157, 201, 217; vi. ,i:!. r . • no body link any upward motion of itself, ii. l:il ; lint the motion of some atoms deviated from the right line, and hence collisions took

INDEX.

place, ii. 216, 292; unless there had been this commencement of deviation from the right line, there could have been no voluntary motion in animals, ii. 250; forced or involuntary motion in animals is checked by the exercise of the will, ii. 272; voluntary motion in animals begins from the heart or pectoral regions, ii. 269; there could be no motion without vacuum, i. 336, 371 ; descending bodies increase the swiftness of their motion as they proceed, vi. 340; bodies acquire heat by rapidity of motion, vi. 177; how men move whenever and wherever they please, iv. 878—892. Motion of the heavens, see Heavens Music, men took their idea of it from the voices of birds, v. 1378; Phrygian mu sic, ii. 621

Names of things, how introduced, iv. 1027; absurdity of supposing that one man gave names to all things, iv. 1040

Nature, her atoms always restless and at work, more or less, ii. 309. Nature of things, what Lucretius means by these words, iii. 1085. See Atoms, World, Things

Navigation, unknown in the earliest ages, v. 1004 ; its commencement, v. 1441

Necessity. Matter being such as it is, and having room to work, things are pro duced and maintained of necessity, without any interference of a higher power, ii. 1067—1104

Neptune, sea so called, ii. 655. See Ceres, Bacchus

Night, possible causes of, v. 650

Nile, causes of its inundations suggested, vi. 713—738

Nose, sharp in those that were dying of the plague, vi. 1192

Nothing is produced from nothing, i. 151 ; if things could rise from nothing, there could be no need of seeds or generating matter, i. 160; any thing might then rise anywhere ; but this is not the case, nothing arises but where there is matter to produce it, i. 167 ; nor at anytime but •when matter is supplied, i. 175; nor can things increase their size from no thing after they are produced ;—matter is necessary for their growth, i. 185— 215; no substance is reduced to nothing, i. 216—265. See Matter, Atoms

Novelty surprises and attracts, ii. 1030

Nymphs, dwell in groves and wilds, iv. 582 ; by rills and fountains, v. 947

Oars appear broken or bent when part is in the water, and part out, iv. 440

Odours, are material substances, as they act by touch on the sense, i. 299; con sist of small atoms, but not so small as those of sounds, tit., and iv. 700; are dispersed from substances in all direc

tions, iv. 675 ; different odours suit the senses of different animals, iv. 679; odours do not diffuse themselves so far as sounds, iv. 691 ; cause of this, ib. ; grow cool, as it were, from the slowness of their progress, before they reach the senses of persons at a distance, iv. 703

Oil, its dissimilarity to water is caused by the different shape of its particles, ii. 391; olive oil used in making unguents, as being inodorous, ii. 847

Omen, fee Augury

Oracles of Apollo, less true than the doc trines of Empedocles and other philoso phers, i. 738; and than those of Epicu rus and Lucretius, v. HI

Orcus, see Tartarus

Oxen, their disposition of a middle nature between that of lions and deer, iii. 303

Pain in animals caused by concussion and disturbance of their atoms, ii. 963. See Pleasure

Pallas, one of the Averni near her temple at Athens, vi. 751

Pan, the rustics think that they hear him piping in the woods, iv. 588

Panchaean odours, ii. 417

Pandion, people of, viz. the Athenians, vi. 1141

Parents. How children resemble one or other of their parents, or both, iv. 1205 ; how it is that parents have children re sembling their forefathers, iv. 1217; children ought to be moved by the kind nesses of parents, ii. C06 ; blandishments of children soften the rude dispositions of parents, v. 1016

Paris, i. 475

Parthians vainly tried to use lions in war, v. 1309

Peloponnesus, earthquake in, vi. 586

Pestilence, among men or other animals, how caused, vi. 1126; that at Athens described, vi. 1137; came from Egypt, vi. 1140 ; its effect on the religious feel ings of the people, vi. 1275

Phaethon, the fable respecting him, v. 397

Philosophy, advantages of the study of it, i. 1107 ; ii. 7, 58; v. 10; vi. 68, 80. See AVisdom

Phcebus, see Oracles of Apollo

Phrygian music excites the mind, ii. 621. Phrygian Curetes attendant on Cybele, ii. 630, 612

Piety, true; what it is not, and what it is, v. 1197—1202

Pipe, to play on, invention of, v. 1382

Plague, see Pestilence

Plants, spontaneously produced from the earth, ii. 1158; were the earth's first productions, v. 781 ; are nourished by particles rising from the ground, i. 253

Pleasure, produced by the removal of the cause of pain, ii. 966 ; no pleasure to

493

look on the sufferings of another, ii. 3. Pleasure the directress of life, ii. 172 ; pure pleasure to be sought, iv. 1071 ; only moderate pleasures required by na ture, ii. 24 ; use and experience have taught men pleasures, v. 1449

Poetry began soon after the invention of letters, v. 1443

Poets, tales of, terrify the minds of the ignorant, i. 103; Lucretius could him self have invented similar tales if he had thought fit, ih.

Pontus Euximis always flows towards the Mediterranean, v. 507

Portico. How a long portico, viewed from one end, seems to contract to a point at the other, iv 430

Power, political, first assumed by leaders who made themselves kings, v. 1107. A'w Kin^s, Government

Prester, a liery whirlwind, vi. 445

Priests of Cybele, why deprived of the power of propagating their kind, ii. G15

Principles of things, are atoms, accord ing to Epicurus and Lucretius, i. 50; tee Atoms. Ilcraclitus thought that fire was the great principle, i. 635 ; other philosophers united certain of the four elements to form principles, i. 713 ; Empedocles thought that the four ele ments were necessary principles of tilings, i. 715; the homoeomery of Anaxagoras, i. 830

Providence, none exercised over the world by the gods, ii. 651, 1090; v. 165

Purple and gold, not necessary to happi ness, ii. 51; v. 1422

Pythia, oracles of the, i. 740; v. 113

Quantity. That any quantity must neces sarily have an extreme, i. 600

Rain, general causes of, vi. 495—512; of moderate rain, vi. 513 ; of violent rain, vi. 517 ; of drought, vi. 519

Rainbow, vi. 524

Rattles, needed only by the young of man, v. 230

Religion has often been the cause of evil deeds, i. 84; life hopelessly oppn-ssi-il by religion before the time of Kpicurus, i. C4 ; the groundless terrors of religion are to be ejected from the mind only by the study of philosophy, ii. 37—60; re ligion fostered by a vain dread of the future, ii. 54 ; iii. 87 ; vi. 35 ; Lucretius glories in striving to free the mind from the shackles of religion, i. 931 ; iv. 7 , ignorance of natural causes generates in mankind a groundless fear of super natural powers, v. 87 ; vi.62; Lucretius shows how to set at nought the figments of the poets, i. 110

Hcpublics, institution of, v. 1140

Kings, SamoturaciaJi, vi. 1013

Rocks, porous, i. 349

Saffron, custom of strewing the theatres with it, ii. 416

Sailing, tee Navigation

Samothracian rings, vi. 1042

Saturn, Jupiter saved from being de voured by him, ii. 638

Satyrs, supposed to inhabit the woods, iv. 5H2

Savour, tee Taste

Sceptics, their doctrine that nothing can be known, refuted, iv. 470

Scyll.-i-, no such monsters exist, v. 890 ; how produced in the imagination, iv. 734

Sea, how it might he increased after it was first produced, ii. 1109 ; occupies a large portion of the globe, v. 304 ; foun tains supply the sea, i. 231, 591 ; various reasons why it does not increase in bulk, vi. 60S—639; how the water of the sea is sweetened by passing through earth, ii. 474 ; of what sorts of atoms compounded, ii. 471

Seeds, tee Atoms

Sense, cannot be possessed by a body ab solutely hard and solid, ii. 902—918; why no sense remains in the body when the soul is gone from it, iii. 324—337

Senses. Some substances are pleasing to the senses, and others offensive, from the difference of their constituent atoms, ii. 398—-143 ; senses are the great cri teria of truth, iv. 479—522; nothing external to the senses can refute them, 16.; nor will they refute one another, 16.; any reasoning against the senses is therefore mere empty words, iv. 512; all reasoning depends upon what we perceive by the senses, iv. 435 ; if, there fore, we could not trust our senses, all reasoning would be vain, iv. 521 ; in many cases the senses appear to be de ceived, but are not; thi-y always deliver true evidence to the mind ; any errors that occur, arise from the mistaken or defective judgment of the mind, iv. 380 —469

Sensible bein»s proceed from atoms void of sense, ii. 842—870, 871—901

Serpent, casts its skin, iv. 58; dies if touched with human saliva, iv. 640; may be severed without being killed, iii. 658

Shadow, what it is, iv. 369; how our shadow seems to move as we move, iv. 365

Ships, when sailing, seem to those on board to be stationary, and the object* on the shore to move, iv. 388; when first used, v. 1441 Shoes, Sicyonian, iv. 1121 Showers, ten Rain

Sicily, what is remarkable in it, beside* tlii'it it was the birth-place of Empcdo-cle», 1. 718—731 Sicyonian shoes, iv. 1121

INDEX.

Sidon, earthquake at, vi. 585

Sight, see Vision

Singing, began among men by imitating the notes of birds, v. 1378

Sisyphus. No Sisyphus among the dead, but many among the living, iii. 1008

Skins of beasts the earliest clothing, v. 1009, 1349

Sleep, a temporary death, iii. 9.12—943; how caused, and what is the state of the soul and mind in it, iv. 917—953 ; why sleep follows on taking food, iv. 955; soul is often awake when the body sleeps, iii. 112—117

Smell, the organs of it in different animals delighted or offended by different efflu via from substances, iv. C75—688

Snakes, see Serpent

Snow, see Hail; does not fall in the abodes of the gods, iii. 20

Society, commencement of, and its soften ing influences, v. 1009

Softness. How soft bodies are formed, and of what sort of atoms, i. 566 ; ii. 105; softness a necessary attendant on sense in bodies, ii. 902

Solidity. How hard or solid bodies are formed, and of what sort of atoms, ii. 99; primary atoms perfectly solid, i. 549,575,610; ii. 156; vacuum must be bounded by what is perfectly solid, i. 514; no substances appear to be perfectly solid except the primordial atoms, i. 434, seq.

Solstices, v. 616, 689

Soul. Opinions of the ancients about it were various, but all was uncertainty, i. 113; Lucretius endeavours to settle the nature of it, iii. 35 ; soul and mind so intimately connected as to form one substance, 137, 160; yet the soul is un der the direction of the mind, iii. 140, 145; mind acts upon the soul, and the soul upon the body, ib.; iii. 250; iv. 887; Lucretius refutes the doctrine of Shose who thought the soul merely a resulting harmony of the parts of the body, iii. 98—136 ; soul and mind proved to be alike corporeal, for they act and are acted upon by touch, and sympathize corporeally with the body, iii. 162—177 ; consist of the very smallest atoms, iii. 180; their removal detracts nothing perceptibly from the weight or size of the body,"iii. 209—231 ; soul and mind consist of four substances,—heat, air, a certain aura, and a fourth substance to which Lucretius gives no name, iii. 232 —288 ; origin of motion in the mind and soul is 'from the fourth nameless sub stance, iii. 246; mind and soul cannot be separated from the body without de struction to both, iii. 324—350; an opinion of Democritus respecting the soul refuted, iii. 371—396 ; soul has less power in retaining life in the body than

the mind, iii. 397—417 ; soul proved to be mortal, and to die with the body, by a series of elaborate arguments, iii. 418 —841; existence of the soul in the body compared to that of odour in a fragrant substance, iii. 328. See Mind

Sound, thought by Lucretius to be a cor poreal substance, i. 355 ; ii. 410; iv.o27; consists of smaller atoms than odours, iv. 700: articulate sounds, how formed, iv. 549; sounds weakened and confused by passing through much air, iv. 555; of echoes, iv. 565—580; harshness and sweetness in sounds proceed from the roughness and smoothness of their par ticles, iv. 553 ; why sounds pass through walls, dye., when images will not, iv. 597

Southernwood, iv. 124

Sowing and planting, Nature set men the example of them. v. 1360

Space, proved to be boundless, i. 957— 982; what would be the consequence if it were not boundless, i. 983; empty space and matter ultimately bound one another, i. 1007

Spectres, see Images. Place of spectres, i. 121; spectre of Homer appeared to Ennius, i. 125

Speech. From inarticulate sounds and gestures, (v. 1021,) men proceeded by degrees to the formation and use of words, v. 1027; it is not extremely wonderful that men should have framed speech, when even the inferior animals have a sort of speech, v. 1055—1089

Spirit, see Soul, Mind

Springs, see Fountain

Square. Why a square tower, seen at a distance, appears round, iv. 354

Stags, see Deer

Stars, fed by the sether, i. 232; v. 525; of their motions, v. 510 ; may be carried round with the heaven, ib.; may re volve while the heaven is stationary, v. 518 ; falling stars, ii. 209

Statues. Golden statues of youths as orna ments in houses, ii. 24

Stones porous, i. 349

Storm, see Tempest

Stymphalian birds slain by Hercules, v. 32

Substance and vacuum compose the uni verse, i. 420. 6'ee Matter, Atoms

Suicide, men have recourse to it, rather than live in perpetual dread of death, iii. 80

Sun, how formed, v. 433; cannot be much larger than it appears, v. 565 ; yet not wonderful that it should emit so much heat, v. 592; why the sun seems to move slower than the moon, the an cients did not understand, v. 613 ; opinion of Democritus on this point, v. 621 ; why the sun's diurnal course ter minates in night, v. 649; possible causes

^'o x :x-Jv<. x i *<&&«'

INDEX.

49.5

of his rising at .1 certain time, v. G55— 678; of the inequality of days and nights, v. 'iTO— "02 ; the sun perish able, like other things in the world, v. 116; fable of Phaethon and the sun's chariot, v. 397 ; ocular delusion, when the sun rises behind hills, iv. 405, or, apparently, out of the sea, iv. 433 .Sw.uis, fabled sweetness of their dying notes, iv. 547, 182, 911

Tantalus. Who is the real Tantalus in

life, iii. 993

Tartarus, dreaded more than an infamous lil'e. iii. 12; no man sent down into Tartarus, iii. 9/9

Taste. Difference of taste in substances arises from the difference in their con stituent atoms, iv. C19—628; tlie plea sure of taste is limited to the palate, iv. 629; why that which is bitter to some, may be sweet to others, iv. 635—GG4; atoms of the palate disordered in cer tain diseases, iv. 665—(174 Tempest, description of, vi. 281 ; how

produced, vi. 90. See Thunder Theban war, v. 327 Thessalian colour of shell-fish, ii. 500 Things, nature of, the subject of Lucre-tius's poem, i. 26 ; intends, by the cx-pri-ssion, the natural and moral world, iii. 1085

Thirst, like hunger, caused by the emis sion of particles from the body, iv. 859; violent thirst produced by atoms of heat in the stomach, iv. 872 Thought, produced by images, iv. 721; how men think on what they wish, iv. 781, 812

Thrace, horses of Diomede in, v. 30 Thunder, not supernatural, vi. 85—91 ; produced by winds and dense clouds contending, vi. 96; or sometimes by the waving and Happing of a cloud, like apiece of canvass, vi. 108; or by the corrasion of clouds, vi. 116; or by the rustling of the wind among the clouds, as among the branches of trees, vi. 132 ; or by the disruption of a cloud, vi. 137 ; or by the clouds moving tumultuously, like waves of the sea. vi. H2 ; or by the hissing of hot wind among watery clouds, vi. 145; or by the crackling of a cloud set on fire, vi. 150; or by the fall of hail and ice among the clouds, vi. l.'G: no thunder from a clear sky, vi.

: 17 .

Thunder and Thunderbolts, composed of and sulphureous, not of windy or watery, particles, vi. 219 Thyrsus. Lucretius struck with the thyr-

su , of the hope of praise, i. 922 Time, is nothing of itself, i. 4(10; cannot be contemplated apart from the progress of events, or their epochs, 1. 46.'); future time cannot affect the dead more than

the time before their birth affected them, iii. 842

Tityus. No Tityus among the dead, iii. 997 ; who is a Tityus among the living, iii. 1005

Touch, the chief of the five senses, ii. 434 ; all the other senses are the n 1 touch: 1. Seeing, iv. 240; 2. Hearing, iv. 525 ; 3. Taste, iv. (i!9; 4. Smelling. iv. 675. Nothing but bodily substam can touch or be touched, i. 305; niiiul and soul act upon the body tiy touclu iii. 166 ; substances affect the touch dif ferently, from the difference in their con stituent atoms, ii. 408

Towns, see Cities

Traffic by sea first practised, v. 1441

Transmigration of souls refuted, iii. 7.',!

Trees, their branches sometimes take fire from attrition, i. 89G ; vi. 459. ite Plants

Tripod of Apollo, i. 740; v. 113

Tropics bound the sun's course, v. Git). 669

True and false. Knowledge of what IP true, and what is false, is from the senses, iv. -180 ; tee Senses. Tr,. racter of a man shown in adversity and trials, iii. 55

Tuscan, tee Etruscan

Venus. Lucretius invokes her, i. 1 ; the inlluence of her appr" ich upon the earth and upon animals, i. U; great source of life and di Ii-.it, i. 22 ; beloved hy Mars, i. 33 ; ino-'ks lovers with images, iv. 1097; diminishes the strength of her votaries, v. 1010

Viper, tee Serpent

Vision, caused by means of images that are perpetually flowing off from the sur faces of bodies, iv. 215—239; how we know the distance of an object, 245— 256 ; why bright objects hurt the sicl-.t. iv. ;!25 ; jaundiced vision, iv. 333 ; vision often seemingly, but not really, deceiv ed, iv, 351—1C9

Universe, is boundless, ii. 1048; a of substance and empty space, i. 420; that there is substance, our senses teacli us; and there must be space in which substance is, 1. 42J ; were there no empty space, substances could not move, i. 330—316, 426—430; nothing that is, as it were, a third nature, dia. tinct 1'rum body and space, i. 431, 44G. tfUBt

Voice. \/-e Sound. That the voice it di vided, as that of a crier among the crowd, iv. 565, 605

Vacuity. Must lie vacuity in the world, or matter could not move and act, I. 330— 346; 371 — 384; many bodies th.' vliil have much vacuity in them, i. 317 —358; bodies are li r '!itrr nr in..-. they have more or less vacuity in them,

INDEX.

i. 3,59—S6S; vacuity must yield an equal passage to light and heavy bodies, ii. 239. See Space

Vultures, attracted by the smell of car casses, iv. 682

Vulturnus, wind so called, v. 744

Walls of the world, i. e. our heavens, i. 74

Water, its fluidity caused by the smooth ness and volubility of its atoms, iii. 190; perpetual circulation of water, i. 251; vi. 232; the mass of water wastes and is renewed, vi. 60S—639

Weight. Why bodies of equal bulk are not all of equal weight, i. 359. See Va cuity

Wells, water in, why colder in summer than in winter, vi. 841

Whirlwinds, fiery, called prestcres by the Greeks, vl. 423

Will, freedom of, whence it arises, accord ing to Lucretius, ii. 256, 292 ; restrain ing power of the will, ii. 276

Wind, a substance, though invisible, i. 278

Wine, why it passes through a strainer sooner than oil, ii. 390; sometimes dis persed by lightning, when the vessel coii^aining it remains uninjured, vi. 231

Wisdom. The advantages of the wise, ii. 7 ; true wisdom taught by Epicurus, v. 10

Words, origin of. See Spe«ch

World. This world was formed by the blind workings of senseless matter, i. 1020 ; other worlds have probably been formed in the same way, ii. 1'064— 1089; not made by superior intelligent powers, v. 157, seq.; not ruled by such powers, ii. 1090—1104; could not have been made for the sake of man, v. 157 ; is mortal, ii. 1145; so ill-contrived that it abounds with faults, v. 196

Worms spring from mud, ii. 871

Wormwood, iv. 123

Xerxes, his power could not save him from death, iii. 1042

Year, its four seasons, v. 736

Youth of man and horse, in the Centaur,

incompatible, v. 881 ; golden statues of

youths, ii. 24

Zephyr, the herald of spring, v. 737 ; its whisperings among the reeds were the origin of wind music, v. 1381

Zones, torrid and frigid, v. 205

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