Letters to and from Elizabeth Macarthur, and between her immediate family members, can be found in the Macarthur Papers, First and Second Collections, Mitchell Library, Sydney. The sources for other letters and documents are provided in the notes below.
Transcripts of some of the Macarthur letters can be found in:
Hughes, J. (ed), The Journal and Letters of Elizabeth Macarthur 1789–1798, Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales, Sydney, 1984.
Macarthur-Onslow, S. M., The Macarthurs of Camden, Rigby, Adelaide, 1973 (first published 1914).
1. The Lost Comforts of Home
1 Elizabeth Macarthur to her mother Grace Leach, 18 March 1781, Macarthur Papers, Mitchell Library, Sydney.
2 Elizabeth Macarthur’s Journal, undated, Macarthur Papers, Mitchell Library, Sydney.
3 Elizabeth Macarthur to her mother Grace Leach, 8 Oct 1789.
4 Collins, An Account of The English Colony in New South Wales 1788 to 1801, published 1802, subsequently Reed, Sydney 1975, Chapter X.
5 Tench, A Complete Account of the Settlement at Port Jackson, J. Nichol, 1793, Chapter vii.
6 Collins, An Account of The English Colony in New South Wales, Chapter X.
7 Tench, Chapter vii.
8 Collins, An Account of The English Colony in New South Wales, Chapter X.
9 Captain William Hill to Samuel Wathen, 26 July 1790, Historical Records of New South Wales, vol. 1, Part 2, p. 369.
10 Rev Johnson to Mr Thornton, July 1790, Historical Records of New South Wales vol. 1, Part 2,—Phillip, p. 386.
11 Extract from a letter, Historical Records of New South Wales vol. 1, Part 2,—Phillip, p. 767.
12 Rev Johnson to Mr Thornton, July 1790, Historical Records of New South Wales vol. 1, Part 2,—Phillip, p. 386.
13 Collins, An Account of The English Colony in New South Wales, Chapter X.
14 Rev Johnson to Mr Thornton, July 1790, Historical Records of New South Wales vol 1, Part 2,—Phillip, p. 387.
15 Tench, Chapter vii.
16 Collins, An Account of The English Colony in New South Wales, Chapter X.
17 Tench, Chapter vii.
2. An Ill-advised Marriage
1 Episcopal visitation Returns 1779, viewed online, 2 September 2013, <www.foda.org.uk/visitations/1779/Chanter232B/Bridgerule.htm>.
2 Bridgerule Baptisms 1754–1812, transcribed by J. Upton, viewed online, 25 Feb 2011, <genuki.cs.ncl.ac.uk/DEv/Bridgerule/Baptisms1754.html>.
3 Devon Freeholders Book, 1741, viewed online, 11 February 2011, <www.foda.org.uk/ freeholders/QS7/20/blacktorrington.htm>.
4 Bridget Kingdon to Elizabeth Macarthur, 15 September 1799.
5 Bridgerule Baptisms 1754–1812, transcribed by J. Upton, viewed online, 25 February 2011, <genuki.cs.ncl.ac.uk/DEv/Bridgerule/Baptisms1754.html>.
6 King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, Sydney University Press, 1980, p. 4.
7 Undated handwritten note in the Macarthur Papers, vol. 10, A2906.
8 Davidoff and Hall, Family Fortunes: Men and Women of the English Middle Class, 1780–1850, The University of Chicago Press, 1987, p. 105.
9 Atkinson, ‘John Macarthur before Australia Knew Him’, Journal of Australian Studies No. 4, Melbourne, June 1979, p. 25.
10 Plymouth Data, viewed online 13 February 2011, <www.plymouthdata.info/Roads-Streets-Fore%20Street%20DEv.htm>.
11 Atkinson, Journal of Australian Studies, No. 4, p. 28.
12 Ibid., p 26.
13 Ellis, John Macarthur, Angus and Robertson, 1978, p. 6.
14 Devonport Online, viewed online, 13 February 2011, <devonportonline.co.uk/historic_devonport/transcriptions/1791_directory.aspx>.
15 Atkinson, Journal of Australian Studies, No. 4, p. 29.
16 Ibid.
17 Ibid., p. 30.
18 Ibid.
19 James Macarthur to Roger Thierry, 24 February 1859, as cited in Atkinson, Journal of Australian Studies, No. 4, p. 31.
20 Elizabeth Macarthur to Eliza Kingdon, March 1816.
21 Porter, English Society in the Eighteenth Century, 1988, pp. 190–92.
22 Elizabeth Macarthur to Bridget Kingdon, 1 September 1798.
23 Bridget Kingdon to Elizabeth Macarthur, 15 September 1799.
24 Atkinson, Journal of Australian Studies, No. 4, p. 33.
25 Elizabeth veale conveys to James vowler, gent of Bridgerule, 8 closes called Two Broad Parks, Longmoore and Longland. Conditions: no timber to be taken. Consideration £340. viewed online, 25 February 2011, <http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/17fddf90-c2f5-42e8-9dd6-87a5a7f2d8f7>.
26 Stone, The Family, Sex and Marriage in England 1500–1800, 1977, p. 46.
27 Watercolour on ivory miniature, reputedly Elizabeth Macarthur, 1785–1790, viewed online, 1 March 2011, <acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/item/itemDetailPaged.aspx?itemiD=431535>.
28 vickery, The Gentleman’s Daughter: Women’s Lives in Georgian England, 1998, p. 40.
29 Elizabeth Macarthur to Bridget Kingdon, 1 September 1798.
30 Portrait of John Macarthur, c. 1850s, Artist unknown, oil, viewed online 1 March 2011, <www.sl.nsw.gov.au/events/exhibitions/2008/politicspower/images/2.html>.
31 King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, 1980, p. 7.
32 Bridgerule Marriage Register 1754–1837, viewed online, 11 Feb 2011, <genuki.cs.ncl.ac.uk/DEv/Bridgerule/Marriages1754.html>.
33 Atkinson, Journal of Australian Studies No. 4, p. 33.
34 Ibid. The letter was dated 10 March 1789.
35 Hill, ‘Macarthur, Sir Edward (1789–1872)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, volume 5, 1974, pp. 122–23.
36 Stone, The Family, Sex and Marriage in England 1500–1800, p. 35.
37 vickery, The Gentleman’s Daughter: Women’s Lives in Georgian England, 1998, p. 45.
38 Stone, The Family, Sex and Marriage in England 1500–1800, p. 504.
39 King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, 1980, p. 9.
40 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 10.
41 Flannery (ed), The Birth of Sydney, 1999, p. 49.
42 Wantrup, ‘The voyage of the First Fleet’, Latrobe Journal No. 41, 1988, pp. 30–34.
43 Elizabeth Macarthur to her mother, Grace Leach, 8 October 1789.
3. Honour and a Small Victory
1 British National Maritime Museum, scale model, viewed online, 25 April 2017, <http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/66321.html>.
2 Flynn, The Second Fleet: Britain’s Grim Convict Armada of 1790, 1993, p. 33.
3 Rees, The Floating Brothel, 2001, p. 59.
4 Lavery, Jack Aubrey Commands: An Historical Companion to the Naval World of Patrick O’Brian, 2003, pp. 29–30.
5 internet Family History Association of Australia, viewed online, 25 April 2017, <www.historyaustralia.org.au/ifhaa/ships/2ndfleet.htm>.
6 For convict numbers, refer to Historical Records of New South Wales, vol. 2, p. 432.
7 Duffy, Man of Honour, 2003, p. 31.
8 Historical Records of New South Wales, vol. 2, p. 427.
9 Elizabeth Macarthur’s shipboard journal.
10 Ibid.
11 Historical Records of New South Wales, vol. 2, p. 428.
12 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 18.
13 As cited in Flynn, The Second Fleet, 1993, p. 38.
14 Devonport Online, viewed online, 13 February 2011, <www.devon.gov.uk/localstudies/111166/1.html>.
15 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 19.
16 Flynn, The Second Fleet, 1993, p. 38.
17 Duffy, Man of Honour, 2003, pp. 36–40.
18 Elizabeth Macarthur’s shipboard journal.
19 Flynn, The Second Fleet, 1993, p. 65.
20 Elizabeth Macarthur’s shipboard journal.
21 Ibid.
22 Flynn, The Second Fleet, 1993, p. 38.
23 Ibid., p. 36.
24 Ibid., p. 39.
25 Ibid.
26 Ibid.
27 Elizabeth Macarthur’s shipboard journal.
28 Flynn, The Second Fleet, 1993, p. 33.
29 Elizabeth Macarthur’s shipboard journal.
30 Ibid.
4. From the Neptune to the Scarborough
1 Flynn, The Second Fleet, 1993, p. 59.
2 Ibid., p. 61.
3 Elizabeth Macarthur’s shipboard journal.
4 Ibid.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid.
7 All Darcy Wentworth references from the Australian Dictionary of Biography, viewed online, 25 April 2017 <http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/wentworth-darcy-1545/text3917>.
8 Flynn, The Second Fleet, 1993, p. 34.
9 Letter written by Rev Johnson, in Flannery, Birth of Sydney, 1999, pp. 101–102.
10 Elizabeth Macarthur’s shipboard journal.
11 Ibid.
12 Flynn, The Second Fleet, 1993, p. 33.
13 Ibid.
14 Elizabeth Macarthur’s shipboard journal.
15 Ibid.
16 Flynn, The Second Fleet, 1993, p. 56.
17 Ibid.
18 Bown, Scurvy: How a Surgeon, a Mariner, and a Gentlemen Solved the Greatest Medical Mystery of the Age of Sail, 2003, p. 19.
19 Ibid.
20 Ibid., pp. 20–21.
21 Historical Records of New South Wales, vol. 2, p. 751.
22 Elizabeth Macarthur’s shipboard journal.
23 Ibid.
24 Ibid.
25 Ibid.
26 Ibid.
27 Ibid.
28 Ibid.
29 Ibid.
30 Ibid.
31 Ibid.
32 Ibid.
33 Ibid.
34 Ibid.
35 Ibid.
36 Elizabeth Macarthur to her mother, Grace Leach, 20 April 1790.
37 Elizabeth Macarthur’s shipboard journal.
5. The Tempestuous Southern Ocean
1 Elizabeth Macarthur to her mother, Grace Leach, 10 April 1790.
2 Ibid.
3 Flynn, The Second Fleet, 1993, p. 25.
4 Mundle, Bligh: Master Mariner, 2010, p. 207.
5 Rees, The Floating Brothel, 2001, p. 180.
6 Ibid.
7 Collingridge, Captain Cook: The Life, Death and Legacy of History’s Greatest Explorer, 2003, p. 341.
8 Flynn, The Second Fleet, 1993, p. 44.
9 Ibid., p. 70.
10 Rev Johnson, in Historical Records of New South Wales, vol. 1.
11 Historical Records of New South Wales vol. 1, p. 438.
12 Elizabeth Macarthur to her mother, Grace Leach, 10 April 1790.
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid.
17 Elizabeth Macarthur’s shipboard journal.
18 Flynn, The Second Fleet, 1993, p. 59.
19 Elizabeth Macarthur’s shipboard journal.
20 Flynn, The Second Fleet, 1993, p. 59.
21 Ibid.
22 Rev Johnson to Mr Thornton, July 1790, Historical Records of New South Wales, vol. 1, Part 2–Phillip, p. 386.
23 Collingridge, Captain Cook, 2003, p. 176.
6. Heavenly Bodies, Botany and Piano Lessons
1 There are about 29 clan groups of the Sydney metropolitan area, referred to collectively as the Eora Nation. Barani: Sydney’s Aboriginal History, viewed online, 11 Jan 2018, <http://www.sydneybarani.com.au/sites/aboriginal-people-and-place/>.
2 Tench, 1788: A Complete Account of the Settlement at Port Jackson, 2009, p. 168.
3 Clendinnen, Dancing with Strangers, 2005, p. 99.
4 Ibid., p. 101.
5 Elizabeth Macarthur to Bridget Kingdon, 7 March 1791.
6 Ibid.
7 Ibid.
8 Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, August 1790, 1802.
9 Edward Macarthur was baptised at St Phillips, Sydney, on 1 April 1791. Smee, Born in the English Colony of New South Wales 1788–1800, 2009.
10 Elizabeth Macarthur to Bridget Kingdon, 7 March 1791.
11 Ibid.
12 Ibid.
13 Ibid.
14 As cited in Clendinnen, Dancing with Strangers, 2005, p. 155.
15 Tench, 1788, 2009, p. 183.
16 viewed online, 1 May 2016, <http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-06-30/arthur-phillip-five-surprising-things/6580852>.
17 Elizabeth Macarthur’s shipboard journal.
18 Elizabeth Macarthur to her mother, Grace Leach, 18 March 1791.
19 Elizabeth Macarthur to Bridget Kingdon, 7 March 1791.
20 Elizabeth Macarthur to her mother, Grace Leach, 18 March 1791.
21 Macarthur-Onslow, The Macarthurs of Camden, 1973, p. 20.
22 Elizabeth Macarthur to Bridget Kingdon, 7 March 1791.
23 Elizabeth Macarthur to her mother, Grace Leach, 18 March 1791.
24 Tench, 1788, 2009, p. 178, also, Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales.
25 Elizabeth Macarthur to Bridget Kingdon, 7 March 1791.
26 Tench, 1788, 2009, p. 179.
27 As cited in Clendinnen, Dancing with Strangers, 2005, p. 117.
28 Ibid., p. 120.
29 Elizabeth Macarthur to Bridget Kingdon, 7 March 1791.
30 Ibid.
31 Ibid.
32 Ibid.
33 Ibid.
34 Ibid.
35 Ibid.
36 Ibid.
37 Tench, 1788, 2009, footnote pp. 163–164.
38 Tench, 1788, 2009, pp. 165–166. Clendinnen, Dancing with Strangers, 2005, pp. 172–173.
39 Tench, 1788, 2009, footnote p. 166.
40 Elizabeth Macarthur to Bridget Kingdon, 7 March 1791.
41 Ibid.
42 Dawes’ notebooks were considered lost until in 1977 they were discovered in the Library of the Royal Society in London (Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Journal, No. 58 (2009) pp. 83–98).
43 Elizabeth Macarthur to Bridget Kingdon, 7 March 1791.
44 Ibid.
45 Ibid.
46 Ibid.
47 Ibid. Tench, 1788, 2009, p. 151.
48 Ibid.
49 Ibid., p. 234.
50 Elizabeth Macarthur to Bridget Kingdon, 7 March 1791.
51 Elizabeth Macarthur to her mother, Grace Leach, 18 March 1791.
52 Frost, Botany Bay Mirages, 1995, p. 218.
53 Tench, 1788, 2009, footnote, p. 102.
54 Ibid., p. 239.
55 Ibid., p. 236.
56 Ibid., p. 243.
57 Ibid., p. 242.
58 As cited in Clendinnen, Dancing with Strangers, 2005, p. 49.
59 Hunter, as cited in Egan, (ed), Buried Alive: Sydney 1788–92 Eyewitness Accounts of the Making of a Nation, 1999, p. 227.
60 Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, Part v, Ch. 12.
61 Elizabeth Macarthur to Bridget Kingdon, 7 March 1791.
62 Ibid.
63 Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, April 1791.
64 Elizabeth Macarthur to her mother, Grace Leach, 18 March 1791.
65 Dictionary of Sydney, viewed online, 11 January 2018, <https://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/parramatta>.
66 Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, July 1791.
67 Elizabeth Macarthur to Bridget Kingdon, 7 March 1791.
68 Elizabeth Macarthur letter to England, extract, 18 November 1791.
69 Ibid.
70 Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, July 1791.
71 Ibid.
7. A Change in Fortune
1 Shaw, ‘King, Phillip Gidley (1758–1808)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, viewed online, 14 September 2012, <http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/king-Phillip-gidley-2309/text2991>.
2 Elizabeth Macarthur letter to England, extract, 18 November 1791.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid.
5 Bassett, The Governor’s Lady: Mrs Phillip Gidley King, 1992, pp.112–114.
6 Elizabeth Macarthur letter to England, extract, 18 November 1791.
7 Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, October 1791.
8 Shaw, ‘King, Phillip Gidley (1758–1808)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, viewed online, 14 September 2012, <http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/king-Phillip-gidley-2309/text2991>.
9 Elizabeth Macarthur letter to England, extract, 7 December 1791.
10 Tench, 1788, 2009, p. 210.
11 As quoted by Lt Ball, in Egan, Buried Alive, 1999, p. 267.
12 Tench, 1788, 2009, p. 225.
13 Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, December 1791.
14 As quoted in Egan, Buried Alive, 1999, p. 282.
15 Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, December 1791.
16 Egan, Buried Alive, 1999, p. 283, see also Grose’s entry in Australian Dictionary of Biography.
17 As cited in Egan, Buried Alive, 1999, p. 283.
18 Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, p. 144.
19 Queensland Museum, viewed online 2 November 2012, <www.qm.qld.gov.au/Find+out+about/Histories+of+Queensland/Transport+Maritime+History/HMS+Pandora>.
20 Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, p. 151.
21 Ibid., pp. 151–153.
22 Grose to Phillip, 4 October 1792, Historical Records of Australia, i, i, p. 381.
23 Phillip to Grose 4 October 1792, Historical Records of Australia, i, i, p. 381.
24 Ibid.
25 Ibid.
26 Phillip to Dundas, 14 Oct 1792, Historical Records of Australia, i, i, p. 398.
27 Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, p. 160.
28 Ibid.
29 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 50.
30 Ibid.
31 Ibid.
32 Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, Ch. XiX.
33 Ibid., pp.164–165.
34 Ibid., Ch. XiX.
35 Ibid.
36 Ibid.
37 Phillip to Dundas, 4 October 1792, as cited in Egan, Buried Alive, 1999, p. 298.
38 As cited in Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, pp. 58–59.
39 Elizabeth Macarthur letter to England, extract, incorrectly dated 21 December 1793 (correct date March 1793).
40 Flannery, The Birth of Sydney, 1999, p. 118.
41 Elizabeth Macarthur letter to England, extract, incorrectly dated 21 December 1793 (correct date March 1793).
8. Elizabeth Farm
1 Elizabeth Macarthur letter to England, extract, 22 August 1794.
2 Elizabeth Macarthur to Bridget Kingdon, incorrectly dated 1 September 1795 (correct date September 1798).
3 Ibid.
4 This concept is beautifully and thoroughly described in Gammage, The Greatest Estate on Earth: How Aborigines Made Australia, 2012.
5 Gammage, The Biggest Estate on Earth, 2012, p. 2.
6 viewed online, 6 May 2016, <http://www.williamdawes.org/patyegarang.html>.
7 Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, May 1792.
8 Ibid.
9 Connor, The Australian Frontier Wars 1788–1838, 2002, pp. 39–40.
10 Sir William Macarthur, Notes on Aborigines, items 178–189, volume 39: Sir William Macarthur letters and miscellaneous papers, 1824–1882, Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW.
11 Karskens, The Colony: A History of Early Sydney, 2009, p. 537.
12 Elizabeth Macarthur letter to England, extract, 22 August 1794.
13 Hadlow, The Strangest Family: The Private Lives of George III, Queen Charlotte and the Hanoverians, 2015, p. 200.
14 Elizabeth Macarthur to Bridget Kingdon, 1 September 1795 (incorrectly dated, should be 1798).
15 Ibid.
16 Atkinson, The Political Life of James Macarthur, PhD thesis, 1976, p. 20.
17 T.W. Plummer to Colonel Macquarie, 4 May 1809, Historical Records of New South Wales, vol. 7, p. 120, as cited in Summers, Damned Whores and God’s Police, 1994, p. 315.
18 Ibid., p. 321.
19 Elizabeth Macarthur letter to England, extract, 22 August 1794.
20 Ibid. Elizabeth claimed the dogs killed about 300 pounds of meat per week (136 kilograms)—the equivalent is 2–3 kangaroos (at 50 kilograms each) and dozens of ducks (1 kilogram each).
21 Broadbent and Hughes, Elizabeth Farm, Parramatta: A History and a Guide. Sydney, 1984, p. 75.
22 Clarke, A Colonial Woman: The Life and Times of Mary Braidwood Mowle, 1986, p. 220.
23 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, March 1827.
24 Yarwood, Samuel Marsden: The Great Survivor, 1977, p. 30.
25 Ibid., p. 41.
26 Judge Advocate Ellis Bent, as cited in Whitaker, ‘Mrs Paterson’s Keepsakes: The Provenance of Some Significant Colonial Documents and Paintings’, 2004.
27 Ralph Clarke, as cited in Macmillan, ‘Paterson, William (1755–1810)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, viewed online, 20 June 2013 <http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/paterson-william-2541/text3455>.
9. Babies, Bluster and Boasting
1 Auchmuty, ‘Hunter, John (1737–1821)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, viewed online, 22 June 2013, <http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hunter-john-2213/text2873>.
2 Harris Papers, as quoted in Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 37.
3 The writer was Surgeon Balmain. See Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, pp. 89–91.
4 Steven, ‘Macarthur, John (1767–1834)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, viewed online, 15 November 2017, <http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/macarthur-john-2390/text3153>.
5 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 107.
6 As cited in Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 107.
7 Ibid., p. 112.
8 Ibid., p. 124.
9 Elizabeth Macarthur to Bridget Kingdon, 1 September 1795 (incorrectly dated, correct date 1798).
10 Ibid.
11 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 139.
12 Bassett, The Governor’s Lady, 1992, p. 114.
13 Elizabeth Macarthur to Bridget Kingdon, 1 September 1795 (incorrectly dated, correct date 1798).
14 Ibid.
15 Ibid.
16 Bridget Kingdon to Elizabeth Macarthur, 15 September 1799.
17 The Australian, 2 December 1831, as cited in Hirst, Freedom on the Fatal Shore: Australia’s First Colony, 2008.
18 Elizabeth Macarthur to Bridget Kingdon, 1 September 1795 (incorrectly dated, correct date 1798).
19 Massy, The Australian Merino, 1990, pp. 26–27.
20 Elizabeth Macarthur to Bridget Kingdon, 1 September 1795 (incorrectly dated, correct date 1798).
21 Ibid.
22 Carruthers, The Horse in Australia, 2008, p. 5.
23 Yarwood, Samuel Marsden, 1977, pp. 93–94.
24 Elizabeth Macarthur to Bridget Kingdon, 1 September 1795 (incorrectly dated, correct date 1798).
25 Ibid.
26 Ibid.
27 Ibid.
28 Bridget Kingdon to Elizabeth Macarthur, 15 September 1799.
29 Ibid.
10. Pistols at Twenty Paces
1 As cited in Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 134.
2 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 169.
3 Ibid., pp. 178–82.
4 Bassett, The Governor’s Lady, 1992, pp. 91–92.
5 Matthew Flinders, as quoted in Bassett, The Governor’s Lady, 1992, p. 78.
6 Bassett, The Governor’s Lady, 1992, p. 65.
7 Ibid., p. 36.
8 Harriet Abbott was buried in the cemetery of St John’s, Parramatta, index viewed online, 30 April 2017, <http://austcemindex.com/?cemid=789>.
9 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 198.
10 Ibid., p. 200.
11 As cited in Ellis, John Macarthur, p. 202.
12 Ibid., p. 203.
13 Governor King to Christopher Lethbridge, 30 June 1802.
11. Managing Alone
1 Wright, Beyond the Ladies Lounge: Australia’s Female Publicans, 2003, p. 20.
2 For entire paragraph, see Atkinson, The Europeans in Australia: A History, vol. 1, 1998, pp. 199–200.
3 Levi and Bergman, Australian Genesis: Jewish Convicts and Settlers 1788–1850, 1974, pp. 19–29.
4 Elizabeth Macarthur to John Piper, 15 April 1804, as cited in King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, 1980, p. 30.
5 Massy, The Australian Merino, 1990, p. 27.
6 Sydney Gazette, 26 March 1803.
7 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 225.
8 Ibid., p. 243.
9 Elizabeth Macarthur to John Piper, 15 April 1804, as cited in King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, 1980, p. 30.
10 Davidoff and Hall, Family Fortunes, 1987, p. 274.
11 Matthew Flinders to Elizabeth Macarthur, 7 July 1803. Matthew Flinders—Private letters, vol. 1, 1801–1806, Safe 1/55, p. 50, letter No. 46, Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales, viewed online, 14 May 2014, <http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/_transcript/2013/D17747/a050.html>.
12 Elizabeth Macarthur to John Piper, 15 April 1804, as cited in King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, 1980, p. 30.
13 Matthew Flinders to Mrs Kent, 28 July 1803. Matthew Flinders—Private letters, vol. 1, 1801–1806, Safe 1/55, pp. 55–56, letter No. 49, Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales. viewed online, 14 May 2014, <http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/_transcript/2013/D17747/a050.html>.
14 Atkinson, The Europeans in Australia, 1998, p. 270.
15 Ibid., p. 269.
16 Yarwood, Samuel Marsden, 1977, p. 93.
17 Dyer, The French Explorers and Sydney, 2009, p. 59.
18 Matthew Flinders to Elizabeth Macarthur, 28 July 1803. Matthew Flinders—Private letters, vol. 1, 1801–1806, Safe 1/55, p. 51, letter No. 47, Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales, viewed online, 14 May 2014, <http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/_transcript/2013/D17747/a050.html>.
19 Cooper, ‘Flinders, Matthew (1774–1814)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, viewed online, 22 August 2014, <http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/flinders-matthew-2050/text2541>.
20 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 3 August 1810, as transcribed in Macarthur-Onslow, The Macarthurs of Camden, 1973, p. 201.
21 Macarthur Papers, vol. 39: Sir William Macarthur letters and miscellaneous papers, 1824–1882. William Macarthur’s memories noted by his niece, 18 March 1870, items 240–43.
22 Ibid.
23 Atkinson, The Europeans in Australia, 1998, p. 251.
24 Ibid.
25 Elizabeth Macarthur to Captain Piper, 15 April 1804, Mitchell Library, Microfilm : CY A 256, Captain John Piper papers and Correspondence, 1790–1845, Call # A 256, pp. 419–30.
26 Ibid.
27 Ibid.
28 Ibid.
29 Flannery, The Birth of Sydney, 1999, p. 199.
30 Elizabeth Macarthur to Captain Piper, 15 April 1804, Mitchell Library, Microfilm : CY A 256, Captain John Piper papers and Correspondence, 1790–1845, Call # A 256, pp. 419–30.
31 Atkinson, The Europeans in Australia, 1998, p. 270.
32 Elizabeth Macarthur to Captain Piper, 15 April 1804, Mitchell Library, Microfilm : CY A 256, Captain John Piper papers and Correspondence, 1790–1845, Call # A 256, pp. 419–30.
33 Ibid.
34 Sydney Gazette, 27 January 1805.
35 Hill, Paper Houses: John Macarthur and the 30-year design process of Camden Park, PhD Thesis, 2016, p. 72.
36 Sir William Macarthur—Notes on Aborigines, items 178–189, vol. 39: Sir William Macarthur Letters and Miscellaneous Papers, 1824–1882, State Library of NSW.
37 Karskens, The Colony, 2009, p. 537.
38 Sir William Macarthur—Notes on Aborigines, items 178–189, vol. 39: Sir William Macarthur Letters and Miscellaneous Papers, 1824–1882, State Library of NSW.
39 William’s fragment of reminiscence does not provide a date for the activities he describes. But he does say that at the time his father ‘was absent in England’. Over the course of his life John Macarthur was absent in England only twice, and the second time he took William with him, so the event described here must have happened during his first absence, between 1801–05. And given that William wasn’t born until December 1800, it seems more likely he would remember events occurring later during that period. As well, the article in the Sydney Gazette that notes that Gogie, or Goguey, had previously been involved in a ceremonial spearing and had been responsible for the subsequent death is dated 17 March 1805.
40 Sydney Gazette, 17 March 1805.
41 Ibid., 28 April 1805.
42 Richard Atkins to Governor King, 8 July 1805, Historical Records of New South Wales, vol. v, No. 654.
43 Bassett, The Governor’s Lady, 1992, p. 92.
44 Sydney Gazette, 31 March 1805.
12. The King’s Merinos
1 King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, 1980, p. 36. For a similar list see also Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 235.
2 Davidoff and Hall, Family Fortunes, 1987, p. 223.
3 viewed online, 12 September 2014, <http://www.merinos.com.au/merinos.asp?pageid=16>.
4 Massy, The Australian Merino, 1990, Ch. 1.
5 Ibid., p. 34.
6 Ibid., p. 22.
7 Ibid., p. 30.
8 Hughes, John Macarthur and the Wool Industry, 1984, p. 5. O’Brian, Joseph Banks, A Life, 1993, p. 271.
9 Massy, The Australian Merino, 1990, p. 30.
10 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, pp. 227, 234.
11 Atkinson, Camden: Farm and village life in early New South Wales, 1988, p. 10.
12 Copy of a letter received by John Macarthur from Henry Waterhouse, 12 March 1804, viewed online, 21 April 2017, <http://archival.sl.nsw.gov.au/Details/archive/110578994>.
13 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 235.
14 Ibid., p. 234.
15 King to Banks, 21 July 1805, as quoted in King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, 1980, p. 38.
16 As cited in Bassett, The Governor’s Lady, 1992, p. 92.
17 As cited in Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 242.
18 Macarthur Papers vol. 39: Sir William Macarthur Letters and Miscellaneous Papers, 1824–1882, William Macarthur’s memories noted by his niece, 18 March 1870, items 240–43.
19 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 240.
20 Ibid., pp. 242–43.
21 Ibid., p. 250.
22 Sydney Gazette, 8 December 1805.
23 viewed online, 30 April 2017, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mak_Sai_Ying>.
24 Marsden Online Archive, Journal: Reverend Samuel Marsden’s First Visit to New Zealand in December 1814, viewed online, 3 October 2014, <http://www.marsdenarchive.otago.ac.nz/MS_0176_001>.
25 Walsh, ‘Huon de Kerillieu, Gabriel Louis Marie (1769–1828)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, viewed online, 31 August 2015, <http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/huon-de-kerilleau-gabriel-louis-marie-2215/text2877>.
26 Atkinson, The Political Life of James Macarthur, 1976, p. 21.
27 Dyer, The French Explorers and Sydney, 2009, p. 59.
28 Kohen, ‘Pemulwuy (1750–1802)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, viewed online, 23 June 2013, <http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/pemulwuy-13147/text23797>.
29 Ibid.
30 Elder, Blood on the Wattle: Massacres and Maltreatment of Aboriginal Australians since 1788, 2003, p. 11.
31 Connor, The Australian Frontier Wars 1788–1838, 2002, p. 39.
32 Karskens, The Colony, 2009, ‘Pemulwuy’s War’ pp. 474–481.
33 Macarthur Papers, vol. 39: Sir William Macarthur Letters and Miscellaneous Papers, 1824–1882, A few Memoranda Respecting the Aboriginal Natives, items 178–189.
34 Ibid.
35 ‘Told me by Sir William Macarthur, my great uncle’, Recollections by JW Macarthur-Onslow, AiATSiS Library.
36 Atkinson, The Europeans in Australia, 1998, p. 167.
37 While each of the three rectangular grants remained twice as long as they were wide, united they ran for some seven miles (twelve kilometres) along the river, but only four miles (seven kilometres) inland.
38 Atkinson, Camden: Farm and village life in early New South Wales, 1988, p. 11.
39 ‘Davidson, Walter Stevenson (1785–1869)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, viewed online, 24 July 2015, <http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/davidson-walter-stevenson-1960/text2361>.
40 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 263.
41 As cited in Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 264.
42 Evatt, Rum Rebellion, 1975, pp. 19–20.
13. Malignant Falsehoods
1 ‘Death of Admiral Lord viscount Nelson’, Sydney Gazette, 3 August 1806.
2 Evatt, Rum Rebellion, 1975, p. 68.
3 Historical Records of New South Wales, vol. iv, p. 189.
4 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 261.
5 Elizabeth Macarthur to Eliza Kingdon, 29 January 1807.
6 Macarthur Papers, vol. 39: Sir William Macarthur Letters and Miscellaneous Papers, 1824–1882, A few Memoranda Respecting the Aboriginal Natives, items 178–189.
7 William Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 4 July 1840.
8 As cited in Macarthur-Onslow, The Macarthurs of Camden, 1973, p. 472.
9 Edward Macarthur to his father John Macarthur, 19 November 1809.
10 Sydney Gazette, 19 October 1806.
11 As cited in Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, pp. 269–270.
12 Elizabeth Macarthur to Eliza Kingdon, 29 January 1807.
13 Dando-Collins, Bligh’s Other Mutiny, 2007, pp. 3–4.
14 Edmund Griffin’s evidence at the trial of John Macarthur, 4 February 1808, Historical Records of Australia vol. i, p. 323.
15 Sydney Gazette, 21 Dec 1806.
16 Bassett, The Governor’s Lady, 1992, p. 95.
17 Elizabeth Macarthur to Eliza Kingdon, 29 January 1807.
18 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 356.
19 viewed online, 11 December 2015, <http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polio/basics/symptoms/con-20030957>.
20 Karskens, The Colony, 2009, pp. 171, 186.
21 As cited in Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, pp. 299–301.
22 As cited in Karskens and Waterhouse, Journal of Australian Colonial History, vol. 12, pp. 13–14.
23 As cited in Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 304.
24 Ibid., p. 305.
25 Atkins to Macarthur, 14 December 1807, Historical Records of Australia vol. i, No. 6, p. 307.
26 As cited in Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 309.
27 Ibid.
28 Historical Records of Australia vol. i, No. 6, p. 315.
29 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 316.
30 As cited in Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 317.
31 Ibid., p. 328.
32 Historical Records of Australia vol. i, No. 6, pp. 225–227.
33 As cited in Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 346.
34 Ibid.
14. Rebellion and Consequences
1 Karskens, The Colony, 2009, p. 187.
2 Dando-Collins, Bligh’s Other Mutiny, 2007, p. 73.
3 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 27 December 1830, as transcribed in Macarthur-Onslow, The Macarthurs of Camden, 1973, p. 463.
4 As cited in Dando-Collins, Bligh’s Other Mutiny, 2007, p. 90.
5 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, likely date 30 January 1808, as transcribed in Macarthur-Onslow, The Macarthurs of Camden, 1973, p. 153.
6 Ibid.
7 Ibid.
8 As cited in Dando-Collins, Bligh’s Other Mutiny, 2007, p. 98.
9 Ibid., p. 101.
10 Ibid., p. 103.
11 Ibid., p. 104.
12 Ibid., p. 107.
13 John Macarthur to Captain Piper, 24 May 1808.
14 Hughes, The Macarthurs: A Brief Family History, 1984, p. 11. See also King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, 1980, p. 51.
15 Sydney Gazette, 22 January 1809.
16 As cited in Dando-Collins, Bligh’s Other Mutiny, 2007, p. 181.
17 Ibid., p. 194.
18 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 30 July 1809, as transcribed in Macarthur-Onslow, The Macarthurs of Camden, 1973, p. 181.
1 Description of Parramatta in Naval Chronicle, vol. XXii, July–December, 1809, pp. 478–481.
2 Macquarie’s diary, viewed online 3 May 2017, <http://www.mq.edu.au/macquarie-archive/journeys/1810/1810a/nov6.html>.
3 Karskens, The Colony, 2009, p. 248.
4 Description of Parramatta in Naval Chronicle, vol. XXii, July–December, 1809, pp. 478–481.
5 Cameron, ‘Parramatta’s General Hospital,’ in The Old Parramattan, 2016, viewed online, 18 August 2016, <https://theoldparramattan.wordpress.com/2016/08/17/parramattas-general-hospital/>.
6 As cited in Karskens, The Colony, 2009, p. 340.
7 Edward Macarthur to his mother, Elizabeth Macarthur, 15 January 1809.
8 Ibid.
9 Ibid.
10 Ibid.
11 Edward Macarthur to Thomas Thompson, 5 December 1809.
12 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 28 November 1809.
13 Edward Macarthur to his father, John Macarthur, 19 May 1809.
14 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 28 November 1809.
15 Edward Macarthur to Walter Davidson, 28 February 1809.
16 Edward Macarthur to his father, John Macarthur, 17 November 1809.
17 Edward Macarthur to his mother, Elizabeth Macarthur, 15 November 1809.
18 Edward Macarthur to his father, John Macarthur, 29 November 1809.
19 Letter from Governor Macquarie to his brother Charles, as cited in Walsh (ed), In Her Own Words, The Writings of Elizabeth Macquarie, 2011, p. 45.
20 Walsh, In Her Own Words, 2011, p. 44.
21 Dando-Collins, Bligh’s Other Mutiny, 2007, p. 244.
22 As cited in Dando-Collins, Bligh’s Other Mutiny, 2007, p. 216.
23 Sydney Gazette, 14 April 1810.
24 Ibid.
25 Whittaker, Distracted Settlement: New South Wales After Bligh, 1998, p. 123.
26 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 394.
27 Macarthur Family Papers, 1789–1930 [First Collection], State Library of NSW, Call # A 2909, pp. 9–11.
28 Lancaster, The First Fleet Piano: A Musician’s View, 2015, Ch. 13.
29 viewed online, 29 April 2016, <http://www.colonialdance.com.au/piano-of-the-first-fleet-29.html>.
30 As cited in Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 406.
31 King, Elizabeth Macarthur and her World, 1980, p. 62.
32 Macquarie’s diary, viewed online, 27 May 2016, <http://www.mq.edu.au/macquarie-archive/journeys/1810/1810a/nov16.html>.
33 Ibid.
34 Ibid.
35 Ibid.
36 Ibid.
37 Presumably from the Aboriginal word benkennie, meaning high, dry land.
38 Macquarie’s diary, viewed online, 27 May 2016, <http://www.mq.edu.au/macquarie-archive/journeys/1810/1810a/nov16.html>.
39 Elizabeth Macarthur to Eliza Kingdon, March 1816.
40 Elizabeth Macarthur to John Piper, 13 November 1811, Piper Papers, A 256, Mitchell Library.
16. Bad Debts and Sharp Words
1 Macarthur-Onslow, The Macarthurs of Camden, 1973, p. 186.
2 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, pp. 405-06, 411.
3 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 11 November 1810.
4 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 14 May 1812.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid.
7 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 11 December 1809.
8 As cited in Evatt, Rum Rebellion, 1975, p. 212.
9 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 3 May 1810.
10 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 3 August 1810.
11 As cited in Dando-Collins, Bligh’s Other Mutiny, 2007, p. 230.
12 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 18 November 1812.
13 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 4 March 1812.
14 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 26 July 1814.
15 As quoted in Hughes, John Macarthur and the Wool Industry, 1984, p. 8.
16 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 18 November 1812.
17 Ibid.
18 Ibid.
19 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 411.
20 Ibid., p. 416.
21 Ibid., p. 411.
22 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 14 May 1812.
23 Mrs E., Advice to a Young Lady in the Colonies, 1979, p. 70.
24 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 14 May 1812.
25 Dunlop, ‘Oxley, John Joseph (1784–1828)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, viewed online, 10 June 2016, <http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/oxley-john-joseph-2530/text3431>.
26 Ibid.
27 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 31 May 1828.
28 Hannibal Macarthur to John Macarthur, 10 November 1812.
29 Karskens, The Colony, 2009, p. 137.
30 Kercher, Debt, Seduction and Other Disasters: The birth of civil law in convict New South Wales, 1996, p. 73–75.
31 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, pp. 426–427.
32 Elizabeth Macarthur to Eliza Kingdon, March 1816.
33 Hannibal Macarthur to John Macarthur, 3 July 1813.
34 As cited in King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, 1980, p. 90.
35 For details of Thomas Herbert and his family see <http://australianroyalty.net.au/individual.php?pid=i62450&ged=purnellmccord.ged>, viewed online, 22 July 2016.
36 Atkinson, Camden: Farm and village life in early New South Wales, 1988, pp. 16–17
37 As quoted in Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 430.
38 Elizabeth Macarthur to Eliza Kingdon, March 1816.
17. Frontier Bloodshed
1 William Macarthur, ‘Observations upon the various Objections Urged in England upon the State in which Australian Wool is usually Sent to Market, Together with Some Account of an improved Mode of Washing Sheep Practiced at Camden.’ As transcribed in Macarthur-Onslow, The Macarthurs of Camden, 1973, pp. 441–47.
2 Roberts, ed. Miss D & Miss N an Extraordinary Partnership: The Diary of Anne Drysdale, 2009, p. 101.
3 Ibid., p. 102.
4 Ibid., p 100.
5 Hannibal Macarthur to John Macarthur, 3 July 1813.
6 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 26 July 1814.
7 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 31 August 1813.
8 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 26 July 1814.
9 From Blake, ‘And did those feet in ancient time’, 1808.
10 Macquarie’s diary, viewed online, 19 August 2016, <http://www.mq.edu.au/macquarie-archive/journeys/1815/1815b.html>.
11 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 26 July 1814.
12 Ibid.
13 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 8 December 1814.
14 Ibid.
15 Ibid.
16 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 30 June 1814.
17 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 8 December 1814.
18 Ibid.
19 Elizabeth Macarthur to Eliza Kingdon, March 1816.
20 Hannibal Macarthur to John Macarthur, 16 August 1813.
21 Hannibal Macarthur to John Macarthur, 16 May 1814.
22 Ibid.
23 Sydney Gazette, 28 April 1805.
24 As cited in Karskens, The Colony, 2009, p. 493.
25 Ibid., p. 505.
26 Governor Macquarie, as cited in Connor, The Australian Frontier Wars 1788–1838, 2002, p. 51.
27 Connor, The Australian Frontier Wars 1788–1838, 2002, p. 51.
28 Elizabeth Macarthur to Eliza Kingdon, March 1816.
29 Ibid.
30 As cited in Karskens, The Colony, 2009, p. 510.
31 Governor Macquarie, as cited in Connor, The Australian Frontier Wars 1788–1838, 2002, p. 52.
18. Prosperity
1 Elizabeth Macarthur to Eliza Kingdon, March 1816.
2 Ibid.
3 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 14 May 1812.
4 As cited in King, Elizabeth Macarthur and her World, 1980, p. 87.
5 John Macarthur to Walter Davidson, 3 September 1818.
6 Atkinson, The Political Life of James Macarthur, 1976, p 29.
7 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 29 April 1815.
8 Ibid.
9 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 23 April 1816.
10 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 432.
11 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 28 July 1816.
12 Ibid.
13 Goulburn to John Macarthur, as quoted in Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 434.
14 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 18 February 1817.
15 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 24 March 1817.
16 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 18 November 1812.
17 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 18 February 1817.
18 John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 30 September 1817.
19 Postscript from James Macarthur; John Macarthur to Elizabeth Macarthur, 30 September 1817.
20 Elizabeth Macarthur to Eliza Kingdon, 11 December 1817.
21 Ibid.
22 Ibid.
23 John Macarthur to Walter Davidson, 3 September 1818.
24 Ibid.
25 Ibid.
26 Yarwood, ‘Johnston, George (1790–1820)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, viewed online, 3 May 2017, <http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/johnston-george-2278/text2927>.
27 Elizabeth Macarthur to Eliza Kingdon, 17 May 1818.
28 King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, 1980, p. 194.
29 Hill, Paper Houses, 2016, p. 216.
30 John Macarthur to Lord Bathurst, 1 August 1816.
31 in 1825 James and William attempted, unsuccessfully, to have Aboriginal men Bundle and Johnny appointed as constables on the Camden Park side of the Nepean, on full pay and rations. viewed online, 20 May 2013, <www.lib.mq.edu.au/all/journeys/people/profiles/bundle.html>
32 As cited in Atkinson, Camden: Farm and village life in early New South Wales, 1988, p. 23.
33 Graham, A Treatise on the Australian Merino, 1870, p. 10.
34 viewed online, 17 April 2017, <http://www.populstat.info/Oceania/australc.htm>.
35 Robert Scott to his mother, May 1822. As quoted in Broadbent, The Australian Colonial House: Architecture and Society in New South Wales 1788-1842, 1997, p. 269.
36 Elizabeth Macarthur to son John Macarthur, 7 June 1824.
37 Ibid.
38 Miss Elizabeth Macarthur to Eliza Kingdon, 8 March 1818.
39 Miss Elizabeth Macarthur to Eliza Kingdon, 15 July 1818.
40 Ibid.
41 Elizabeth Macarthur to Bridget Kingdon, 1 September 1798.
42 ‘Life at Government House in the Macquarie Era’, viewed online, 16 December 2017 <https://sydneylivingmuseums.com.au/stories/life-government-house-macquarie-era>
43 Walsh, In Her Own Words, 2011, p. 224–25.
44 Macquarie’s diary, June 1816, viewed online, 26 August 2016, http://www.mq.edu.au/macquarie-archive/lema/1816/1816june.html.
45 Sydney Gazette, 13 November 1823.
46 Elizabeth Macarthur to Eliza Kingdon, 7 June 1824.
47 Ibid.
48 Elizabeth Macarthur to Eliza Kingdon, 6 February 1825.
49 Ibid.
50 Elizabeth Macarthur to Eliza Kingdon, 7 June 1824.
51 isabella’s bible, inscribed with the names of her daughters and grandchildren, is to this day treasured by her Canadian descendants. viewed online, 27 January 2017, <http://www.islandregister.com/bibles/ehenry.html>. it is also worth noting that Elizabeth Macarthur did name her second daughter Mary isabella, perhaps in honour of her sister.
52 Helenus Scott to his mother, August 1824, as cited in Broadbent and Hughes, Elizabeth Farm Parramatta, 1984, p. 40.
53 John Macarthur to Walter Davidson, 3 September 1818.
54 Sydney Gazette, 25 March 1826.
55 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 477.
19. Headaches and Public Humiliations
1 Elizabeth Macarthur to son Edward Macarthur, 17 December 1826.
2 Ibid.
3 Elizabeth Macarthur to son John Macarthur, 29 June 1826.
4 John Macarthur to son John Macarthur, 10 April 1830.
5 Elizabeth Macarthur to Eliza Kingdon, 4 February 1826.
6 Elizabeth Macarthur to Eliza Kingdon, 4 September 1822.
7 Elizabeth Macarthur to Eliza Kingdon, 28 June 1825.
8 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 25 March 1827.
9 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 4 March 1827.
10 Ibid.
11 Governor Darling to Under-Secretary Sir Robert Hay, 2 September 1826; as cited in Hill, Paper Houses, 2016, p. 102.
12 Darling to Under-Secretary Hay, 1 May 1826, as cited in King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, 1980, p. 129.
13 Darling to Under-Secretary Hay, 24 May 1826, as cited in King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, 1980, p. 130.
14 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 5 June 1832.
15 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 17 December 1826.
16 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 4 March 1827.
17 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 17 December 1826.
18 Ibid.
19 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 27 December 1830.
20 Why the cottage was named Hambledon is not clear. There are two villages called Hambledon in England, another called Hambleden (with an e), and a fourth place called Hambledon Hill. Several British naval vessels also bore the name Hambledon. if Penelope Lucas had ties to any one of them, they have since been lost to history.
21 James Macarthur to his brother John Macarthur, 17 May 1827.
22 Sydney Gazette, 14 and 16 May 1828.
23 As cited in Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 513.
24 Sydney Gazette, 14 and 16 May 1828.
25 For details regarding the Australian Agricultural Company see Atkinson, The Political Life of James Macarthur, 1976, pp. 63–65.
26 James Macarthur to his father John Macarthur, 24 June 1829.
27 Sydney Gazette, 18 February 1828.
28 Gray, ‘Bowman, James (1784–1846)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, viewed online, 22 October 2016, <http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/bowman-james-1812/text2067>.
29 Hart v Bowman 1828, NSW SupC 104, viewed online, 4 November 2016, <http://www.law.mq.edu.au/research/colonial_case_law/nsw/cases/case_index/1828/hart_v_bowman/>.
30 Hirst, Convict Society and its Enemies, 1983, p. 105. See also <http://sydneylivingmuseums.com.au/stories/mr-butler-macarthurs-butler> viewed online, 17 April 2017.
31 Sydney Monitor, 22 December 1832.
32 Ellis, John Macarthur, 1978, p. 492.
33 Marsh & Ebsworth to John Macarthur, 17 August 1821, cited in Atkinson, The Political Life of James Macarthur, 1976, p 42.
34 Harriet King to her husband, Phillip Parker King, 3 November 1828, as transcribed in Walsh, The Admiral’s Wife, 1967, p. 103.
35 American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th Edition), p. 124. See also Hill, Paper Houses, 2016, Ch. 4.
36 Sydney Gazette, 25 April 1828
37 As transcribed in Walsh, The Admiral’s Wife, 1967, p. 86.
38 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 31 May 1828.
39 Joseph Faringdon, as cited by Dr Marion Diamond, viewed online, 24 December 2016, <https://learnearnandreturn.wordpress.com/tag/history-of-sexuality/>.
40 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 21 December 1830.
41 Ibid.
42 Massy, The Australian Merino, 1990, p. 77.
43 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 21 December 1830.
44 Ibid.
45 Ibid.
46 Elizabeth Macarthur to husband John Macarthur, 1830.
47 Ibid.
48 Ibid.
49 Elizabeth Macarthur to son John Macarthur, 23 April 1831.
20. The End of a Marriage
1 William Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, September 1831.
2 John Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, March 1833.
3 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, March 1832.
4 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, May 1832.
5 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 31 May 1828.
6 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 4 March 1827.
7 Edward Macarthur to John and Elizabeth Macarthur, 25 April 1831.
8 Ibid.
9 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, May 1832.
10 Ibid.
11 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 30 June 1832.
12 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 3 July 1832.
13 Ibid.
14 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 9 June 1832.
15 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 3 July 1832.
16 Ibid.
17 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 25 May 1833.
18 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 2 November 1832.
19 Letter in the Australian from ‘An Observer’, letter dated 14 May 1833, published 17 May 1833.
20 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 25 May 1833.
21 Ibid.
22 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 25 May 1833. Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 23 January 1834.
23 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 23 January 1834.
24 Ibid.
25 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 31 May 1828.
26 Elizabeth Macarthur to her daughter Elizabeth, November 1830.
27 Papers of Sir Thomas Mitchell, Journal, November 1831, as cited in King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, 1980, p. 119.
28 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 29 September 1833.
29 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 23 March 1832.
30 Ibid.
31 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 12 May 1831.
32 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 23 March 1832.
33 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 23 March 1834.
34 Ibid.
35 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 23 March 1832.
36 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 25 May 1833.
37 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 17 May 1834.
38 Hill, Paper Houses, 2016, p. 252.
39 Lord Aberdeen’s secretary to Edward Macarthur, 5 January 1835.
40 Postscript by daughter Elizabeth Macarthur, added to a letter from her mother Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 11 September 1835.
41 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, October 1834.
42 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 20 February 1835.
43 Captain Phillip Parker King’s son (named Phillip Gidley King after his grandfather) was also aboard the Beagle, as a junior officer. Governor King’s grandson and Darwin had entered into a friendship that would continue their whole lives, even after Phillip Gidley King married one of Hannibal’s daughters and retired from the navy to live and work in New South Wales. Years later, in 1842, another of Hannibal’s daughters, Anna, would also marry one of the officers from Charles Darwin’s Beagle voyage, a man called John Clements Wickham. They moved to Brisbane, and lived in a property as fine as the vineyard, called Newstead.
44 viewed online, 6 Jan 2016, footnote 197 <www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/bsparcs/covingto/chap_7.htm#note>.
45 Ibid.
46 Flannery, Birth of Sydney, 1999, p. 256.
47 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 11 September 1835.
48 Anne Deas Thompson to her brother Dick Bourke, 11 November 1835, as cited in King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, 1980, p. 165.
49 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 1 March 1836.
50 Ibid.
51 James Macarthur to his father, John Macarthur, 7 April 1829.
52 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 30 December 1836.
21. Family Feuds
1 Sibella Norman to G.W. Norman, 15 June 1838, as cited in Atkinson, The Political Life of James Macarthur, 1976, p. 213.
2 Rev T.H. Scott to Elizabeth Macarthur, 14 June 1838, as cited in King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, 1980, p. 171.
3 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 27 April 1838.
4 Ibid.
5 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, January 1842.
6 Gray, ‘Bowman, James (1784–1846)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, viewed online, 21 April 2017, <http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/bowman-james-1812/text2067>.
7 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 28 November 1838. Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 5 May 1838.
8 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 28 November 1838.
9 Patrick Leslie to his father William Leslie, 29 November 1839, as quoted in an email to the author from Dr Marion Diamond, received 29 January 2016.
10 As cited in Massy, The Australian Merino, 1990, p. 288.
11 Massy, The Australian Merino, 1990, p. 77.
12 William Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 4 July 1840.
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid.
17 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 5 October 1841.
18 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, January 1842.
19 Ibid.
20 Ibid.
21 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 12 October 1842.
22 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 28 August 1842.
23 Ibid.
24 Ibid.
25 William Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 6 May 1848.
26 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 25 December 1842.
27 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 26 May 1832.
28 As cited in Hughes, The Macarthurs: A Brief Family History, 1984, p. 9.
22. The ‘Dear Old Lady’
1 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 12 October 1842.
2 Emmeline Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 1829, as cited in Hughes, The Macarthurs: A Brief Family History, 1984, p. 21.
3 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 4 March 1827.
4 As cited in King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, 1980, p. 183.
5 Ibid., p. 184.
6 Auction Catalogue: ML Series 02: A 4240/item 3: Papers Concerning Stock and Wool: Extensive Sale of Australian Horses. Catalogue of Seventy One valuable Horses…To Be Sold At Public Auction, by Messrs. Tulloh and Co…Monday, 16th December and Saturday, 21st December 1844, viewed online, 21 April 2017 <http://archival.sl.nsw.gov.au/Details/archive/110368563>.
7 Elizabeth Macarthur to her son Edward Macarthur, 17 October 1845.
8 Ibid.
9 isabella Hacker’s Bible. viewed online, 27 January 2017, <http://www.islandregister.com/bibles/ehenry.html>.
10 As cited in King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, 1980, p. 193.
11 Ibid.
12 Emmeline Parker to Edward Macarthur, 1844, as cited in Hughes, The Macarthurs: A Brief Family History, 1984, p. 9.
13 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 14 December 1844.
14 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 30 August 1846.
15 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur. As cited in King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, 1980, p. 194.
16 As cited in Atkinson, “The Moral Basis of Marriage’ in Push from the Bush 2, 1978.
17 As cited in King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, 1980, p. 197.
18 As cited in Atkinson, “The Moral Basis of Marriage’ in Push from the Bush 2, 1978.
19 As cited in King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, p. 196.
20 Hughes, The Macarthurs: A Brief Family History, 1984, p. 21.
21 As cited in King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, 1980, p. 199.
22 Ibid., p. 200.
23 Ibid.
24 Ibid.
25 Ibid., p. 201.
26 Arthur Phillip to Lord Sydney, 15 May 1788, Historical Records of New South Wales vol. 1, p. 122.
27 Badger, ‘The Lamentable Death of Lady Mary Fitzroy’ Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society, 1 December 2001.
28 Nairn, ‘Macarthur, Hannibal Hawkins (1788–1861)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, viewed online, 29 January 2017, <http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/macarthur-hannibal-hawkins-2388/text3149>.
29 As cited in King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, 1980, p. 203.
30 Ibid.
31 Australian Town and County Journal, 13 May 1903, p. 31, viewed online, 5 May 2017, <http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/71481134/5333997>.
32 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, 1 August 1849.
33 Elizabeth Macarthur to Bridget Kingdon, 7 March 1791.
34 Elizabeth Macarthur to Edward Macarthur, as cited in King, Elizabeth Macarthur and Her World, 1980, p. 193.
35 Death Notice, Sydney Morning Herald, 16 February 1850, viewed online, 22 December 2017. <https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/12915786?searchTerm=elizabeth%20macarthur&>.
36 Emily Macarthur to Aunt Martin, 10 July 1850, as cited in ‘The Macarthur Collection: its Contribution to Australian Historiography’, Joy Hughes, Elizabeth Farm Bicentennial Seminar, 24 October 1993.
Epilogue
1 viewed online, 3 Feb 2017, <http://familypedia.wikia.com/wiki/James_Kinghorne_Chisholm_(1830-1912)>.
2 See Broadbent, Elizabeth Farm Parramatta: A History and a Guide, 1984, for examples.