1. Ventricular tachycardia refers to a rhythm composed of _____ or more ectopic ventricular complexes in a row with a rate above _____ BPM.
2. The typical rates for VTach are from ____ to ____ BPM.
3. If the rate is above 200 BPM and the morphology of the complexes blend to form a sinusoidal pattern, the more accurate term for this rhythm is ___________ __________.
4. If all of the ventricular complexes are identical or nearly identical, the rhythm is known as a(n) _________ ventricular tachycardia.
5. If a run of monomorphic VTach lasts less than 30 seconds, it is known as _________________.
6. If a run of monomorphic VTach lasts greater than or equal to 30 seconds or if the rhythm requires an intervention in order to break it due to clinical symptoms, it is known as _________________.
7. Approximately what percentage of VTachs are due to reentry?
A. 30%
B. 50%
C. 70%
D. 90%
E. All of them are due to reentry.
8. A notch in the downstroke of the S wave in an ectopic ventricular complex is known as:
A. Notch
B. Johnson’s sign
C. Bruscetta’s sign
D. Josephson’s sign
E. Brugada’s sign
9. A length of greater than or equal to 0.10 seconds between the onset of the QRS complex to the very bottom of the S wave is known as:
A. Wide notch
B. Johnson’s sign
C. Bruscetta’s sign
D. Josephson’s sign
E. Brugada’s sign
10. The QRS complexes in VTach are always negative in lead II. True or False.
11. VTach can be slightly irregular at the onset of the run. However, after 20 to 30 complexes, the rhythm usually is very regular. True or False.
12. Many runs of VTach are triggered by a:
A. Ventricular escape complex
B. Premature atrial contraction
C. Premature junctional complex
D. Premature ventricular contraction
13. AV dissociation is a common finding in VTach. In fact, close observation yields positive evidence of AV dissociation in about ____% of the cases.
14. Indirect evidence of AV dissociation includes:
A. Inverted P waves
B. Capture beats and fusion beats
C. Abnormal P-wave axis
D. A and C
E. All of the above
15. The most common cause of sustained monomorphic VTach is a(n)________ _________ ________.