Aaron (biblical figure), 73, 74
Abraham (biblical figure), 47, 59
Act of God, An (Javerbaum), 45
active listening, 207
Adelphi University, 142
ADL. See Anti-Defamation League
afikomen, 210
African Americans, 77–78, 144, 145, 150, 163, 248n85
age/generation
intermarriage and, 195
Israeli-Palestinian conflict, opinions on, 171
peoplehood concept and, 92–93
agnosticism, 6, 45, 48, 56, 241n25
AIPAC. See American Israeli Public Affairs Committee
AJC. See American Jewish Committee
Akiva, Rabbi, 50
Albright, Joseph, 40
Albright, Madeleine, 39–44, 78, 123, 223
Alpines (racial classification), 63
Altzman, Russ, 72
American Israeli Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), 173–174, 175, 176, 177, 183, 187, 279n20
American Jewish Committee (AJC), 129, 143, 146, 149, 154–155
American Jewish Congress, 143
American Revolution, 135
ancestry. See descent/ancestry
Anderson, Benedict, 89
Andrews, Beth, 119–120
Anti-Defamation League (ADL), 143, 150–151, 153, 157, 158, 182
anti-Semitism, 3, 6, 7, 16, 82, 94, 95, 129–164, 222, 224
American Jews’ concerns about, 129, 149, 151–153, 261n1, 272n139
as an attitude, 146–148, 154–157
challenge of decline in, 130, 163
from colonial period to 1880, 134–138
current day, 148–149
falling of barriers, 143–144
hate crimes and incidents, 150–153
hostility toward Israel and, 158–161
immigration and, 140–143
institutionalized, decline of, 129, 144–146, 149
intermarriage linked to decline in, 192–193
racial, roots of, 61–62
reasons for US dearth of, 161–164
shared responsibility to fight, 88, 95
social segregation and, 138–140
sources of in US, 130–133
stereotypes and, 154–157
Zionism as a response to, 83
Aryan, The (Lapounge), 63
Aryans (racial classification), 63, 65
Ashkenazim, 71, 72, 73, 246n58,59
assertiveness, 207
Associated Press, 40
Atlantic, The, 148
Auschwitz concentration camp, 40, 123
Azoulay, David, 182, 284n53,54
Balfour Declaration, 251n21
Baptist Church, 270–271n132
bar/bat mitzvah, 2, 3, 4, 183, 212, 216
Barnard College, 142
Bar-Yehuda, Israel, 101
Batnitzky, Leora, 82
BDS (Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions) movement, 158–161, 173, 177–178, 179, 181, 281n33, 283n48
Beecher, Henry Ward, 265n68
Belitz, Hannah, 231
Ben-Ami, Jeremy, 176
Ben-Gurion, David, 98–99, 102, 103, 109, 255n8,9
Benkler, Yochai, 231
Berenson, Zvi, 106–107, 108, 259n69
Berman, Marshall, 13–16, 19, 24, 30, 222–223
Beth Adam, 48–49
Big-Tent standard, 10, 116, 117–127, 224
categories of people included in, 119–123
critiques, questions, and answers, 123–127
defense of inclusiveness, 118
origin of term, 260n3
premises of, 117–118
binational consociational democracy, 278n19
birth control, 52
Birthright Israel, 214–215, 281n34, 294n34
Bloom, Ariana, 231
Blum, Gabby, 231
See also Anti-Defamation League
B’nai B’rith Youth Organization (BBYO), 213
B’nai Jeshurun, 200
B’nai Keshet, 283n48
b’nai mitzvah, 216
Boas, Franz, 64
Boesky, Ivan, 148
books and reading (for children), 210–211, 219
Books of Moses, 50
Boston Psychoanalytic Society and Institute, 28
Boston Review, 148
Boundaries of Judaism, The (Hartman), 115
brachycephalic racial category, 63
Bradman, Neil, 74
Brandeis, Louis, 85–86
Brandeis University, 196–197, 214, 216
BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic mutations, 76
Breaking the Silence (BtS), 283n48
Bronfman, Charles, 215
Brother Daniel case, 104–110, 111, 116, 122, 123, 257–259n46,53,59,62
Brown, Erica, 86, 88, 89, 93, 94, 95
Brudney, Alicia, 231
Buchdahl, Angela Warnick, 38–39, 223
Burek, Josh, 231
Burt, Caroline, 215
Bush, George W., 170
Butler, Judith, 160
Butler, Susan, 57–58
Camp Thunderbird, 213–214
Canavan disease, 59
Carvajal, Doreen, 121–122
Case for Jewish Peoplehood, The (Brown and Galperin), 86
Catholicism, 61–62, 93, 122–123, 132, 193
See also Brother Daniel case
Caucasoids (racial classification), 63
Center for Jewish Genetics, 75, 76
Central Conference of American Rabbis, 198
Central Synagogue, 38
Chabad, 214
Chabad.org, 36–37
Charlottesville, VA rally, 129, 149, 152
children, 203–219
building a Jewish identity in, 207–215
of intermarriage, 110–112, 119, 195–197, 203–205, 214, 225
negotiations between spouses/partners and, 203–207
role of grandparents and extended family, 215–219
Chilton, Mary, 57
Chilton Club, 57
Christianity, 121–122, 131–133
anti-Semitism decline in, 147
in colonial period, 136
Erikson’s relationship to, 22–26
faith role in, 45
See also Catholicism
Christmas, 2, 9, 204, 205, 290n1
Christmas trees, 2, 4, 9, 198, 204, 291n2
Chyet, Stanley, 135
Citizenship Law of 1952 (Israel), 98
City College of New York, 143
Civil Rights Act of 1964, 144
Cohanim, 73–74
Cohen, Asher, 100
Cohen, Haim, 101
Cohen Modal Haplotype (CMH), 74
Cohn, Haim, 108
Coles, Robert, 16
Columbia University, 64, 142, 146
Columbus Platform, 250n16, 251n32
Community Federations, 86
Conference of Presidents of Major Jewish Organizations, 175
Congregation Shearith Israel, 134
Conservative Judaism, 120, 166, 175, 212, 217
founding of, 53
halacha and, 53–54
intermarriage and, 9, 54, 192, 199–201
matrilineal principle and, 37, 54
Orthodox Israelis on, 183, 184, 185, 186–187
percentage of US Jews practicing, 54
Constitution, US, 135
conversion
to Judaism, 31, 32, 101, 103, 113, 114, 125–126, 183, 198, 199, 217, 285n1
from Judaism to another religion, 31, 61–62, 121–123, 131–132 (see also Brother Daniel case)
Corbin, Austin, 139
Cornell University, 142
Coughlin, Father, 141
Country Club, 57
Cowan, Paul, 205
Cowan, Rachel, 230
Curfman, Hope, 23–25
Dale, Jim, 231
Daniel Deronda (Eliot), 59
Daroff, Sophie, 231
Dartmouth College, 142
David (biblical figure), 32
Dearborn Independent, 141, 143
Declaration of Independence (Israel), 98, 254n3
Dershowitz, Alan, 8
descent/ancestry, 6, 74–75, 77–78, 222
Big-Tent standard and, 118, 125
peoplehood and, 91–92
remote Jewish, 121–122
See also matrilineal principle; patrilineal descent
developmental model of identity, 12
Dienstag, Isaac (author’s grandchild), 232
Dienstag, Joshua, 232
Dienstag, Sophia (author’s grandchild), 213, 232
Difficult Conversations (Stone, Heen, and Patton), 206
Dinnerstein, Leonard, 131
Disraeli, Benjamin, 59
divorce (in Israel), 98–99, 181, 254–255n4,5
DNA. See genetic testing; genetics
dolichocephalic racial category, 63
Dor Yeshorim, 75–76
Double or Nothing? (Fishman), 193
Dreyfus, Alfred (Dreyfus Affair), 84
Duke University, 142
DuPont, 145
Dutch West India Company, 134
education
commitment to, 225–226
religious, 211–213
Eichler, Israel, 182
Eiran, Udi, 5
Elazar, Daniel, 126
Eliot, George, 59
empathy, 207
employment discrimination, 145–146
endogamy, 7, 189, 190–191, 222
genetics and, 72
Orthodox Judaism and, 52
race and reinforcement of, 60
shift to, 32–35
See also intermarriage
Enlightenment. See Jewish Enlightenment
Episcopal Church House of Bishops, 147
Eretz Israel project, 170, 171
“Erik Erikson, the Man Who Invented Himself” (Berman), 13–16
Erikson, Erik, 11–30, 39, 43–44, 95, 123, 222–223
ambiguous national and professional identities, 26–28
author’s acquaintance with, 11–13
biological father of, 18–21
Christianity and, 22–26
death and cremation of, 24
developmental model of identity, 12
Gandhi’s Truth, 12
Life History and the Historical Moment, 13–16
personal identity and, 17–26
professional training of, 11
refusal to sign loyalty oath, 235n39
Young Man Luther, 12
Erikson, Joan, 11, 21–22, 23, 24, 27
Ethiopia, 165
ethnic/national identity
Big-Tent standard and, 122–123
decline in, 93–95
peoplehood based on, 79, 83–86
See also race
eugenics movement, 63–65, 140, 244n35
Facing History and Ourselves, 226
Fair Housing Act of 1968, 144
faith, role of in Judaism, 45–49
Feldman, Marcus, 70–71
Feldman, Noah, 230
Ferdinand, King of Spain, 61
Final Solution, 66
financial crisis of 2008, 148
Fingerhut, Eric, 180–181
Fisher, Isaac, 183
Fishman, Sylvia Barack, 86–87, 92, 193
Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 140
Ford, Henry, 133, 141, 143, 163, 266n83, 267n95
Foreign Policy, 183
Fourteenth Amendment, 136
Freeman, Tzvi, 37
French Revolution, 82
Furrow, Burford, Jr., 273n143
Gafni, Moshe, 182
Galanter, Marc, 109
Galperin, Misha, 86, 88, 89, 93, 94, 95
Gandhi’s Truth (Erikson), 12
Gatekeepers, The (documentary), 187
Gates, Bill, 91
Gaucher disease, 59
Gavison, Ruth, 101
Gelbfish, Isaac, 231
General Order No. 11, 137
Jewish identity not determined by, 78
Gentleman’s Agreement (novel and film), 147
Goodman, Micah, 99
Grand Union Hotel, 138–139
grandparents
helping to raise Jewish grandchildren, 215–219
Jewish status determined by, 120–121
Grant, Madison, 63
Grant, Ulysses S., 137–138, 163, 264n53
Graves, Philip, 133
Great Depression, 141
Great Gatsby, The (Fitzgerald), 140
greedy Jew stereotype, 132–133
Green Line (Israeli-Palestinian), 167–168
Greenblatt, Jonathan, 153, 182
Grossman, Matt, 213
Hadassah magazine, 39
halacha (traditional Jewish law), 241n37
attitudes toward by denomination, 50–54
declining dominance of, 192
defined, 50
in Israel, 101, 102, 182, 184–185, 257n31
matrilineal principle in, 31
sources of, 50
hamantaschen, 210
Hamas Covenant, 133
Handbook of Identity Theory and Research, The, 28–29
haplogroups, 71
Hartman, Donniel, 81, 115, 230
Hartman Institute, 99
Harvard Law School, 4–5, 212, 231
Harvard Negotiation Research Project, 231
Harvard University, 11–12, 28, 142, 146, 159, 269n120
Haskalah movement. See Jewish Enlightenment
hate crimes, 150–153, 272–273n140,141,142,143
Hebrew language, 52, 98, 113, 185, 211
Heen, Sheila, 206
Heineman, Ben, 230
Hemingway, Ernest, 140
Herberg, Will, 193
High Holy Days, 2, 3, 4, 55, 211
Hillel (organization), 214, 228, 281–282n36,38,40, 283n48
Hillel (sage), 50
Hillel International, 178–181
Hillel Israel Guidelines, 179
hiloni, 185
Hilton, Henry, 139
Hitler, Adolf, 22, 27, 63, 65, 140, 266n83
Hobson, Laura Z., 147
Hoffman, David, 119–120
Hollinger, David, 95–96
Holocaust, 57, 78, 86, 94, 100, 104–105, 109, 130, 143, 144, 151, 165, 171
Albright’s family and, 40, 42, 43
racial justification for, 65–67
See also Nazism
Holub, Kathy, 232
Homburger, Karla Abrahamsen, 14, 17–20, 26–27
homosexuality/gays, 52, 53, 150
See also same-sex marriage
Hopkins, Ernest, 142
House of Mirth, The (Wharton), 140
housing discrimination, 142, 145, 268n109
How Judaism Became a Religion (Batnitzky), 82
“Human Life Cycle, The” (Erikson course), 11–12
Humanistic Judaism, 48, 240n20
identity. See Jewish identity
identity cards (in Israel), 99–100, 255–256n11,20
identity crisis
Erikson’s development of concept, 12
iGENEA, 70
imagined community, 89
1880-1945, 140–143
diversity in, 162
scientific racism and, 64–65
Immigration Act of 1917, 65
Immigration Act of 1924, 65, 244n34
inclusiveness (peoplehood criterion), 87–88
ingathering of exiles, 84, 98, 102
Inquisitions, 61–62, 121, 134, 243n24
Big-Tent standard and, 118, 119–120, 127
children of, 110–112, 119, 195–197, 203–205, 214, 225
Conservative Judaism and, 54, 192, 199–201
by denomination, 192
genetic evidence for, 72
increase in, reasons and meaning, 190–194
matrilineal principle and, 31, 37, 44
Orthodox Judaism and, 9, 192, 194, 198–199
peoplehood and, 95–96
perceived problem with, 194–197
prohibition of, 32–35
rabbinical responses to, 197–201
Reform Judaism and, 8–9, 53, 119, 191, 192, 197–198, 199
status of non-Jewish spouse, 119–120
two schools of thought on, 190
by year of marriage, 191
See also endogamy
International Jew, The (Dearborn series), 141
international Jewish conspiracy myth, 133
International Psychoanalytic Association, 28
Intifada, Second, 179
Iranian nuclear program, 174, 176
Isaac (biblical figure), 59
Isabella, Queen of Spain, 61
Israel, 47, 86, 94, 96, 121, 149, 165–187
American Jews’ attachment to, 165, 276n1
anti-Semitism attributed to critics of, 158–161
author’s feelings toward, 165
BDS movement and, 158–161, 173, 177–178, 179, 181, 281n33, 283n48
children traveling to, 214–215
comparison with US Jewish community, 184–185
Declaration of Independence, 98, 254n3
Erikson on, 12–13
etymology of word, 239n12
homecoming and citizenship in, 98
identity cards in, 99–100
legal conflicts over Jewish status in, 97–114
Orthodox Judaism in, 7, 97, 98–99, 101–103, 112–113, 166–167, 181–187, 225
Palestinian conflict (see Israeli-Palestinian conflict)
personal status issues, 98–99
Registration of Inhabitants Ordinance, 99–100, 104, 107, 111–112
secular Jews in, by percentage, 185
self-declaration standard and, 100–101
self-declaration standard changed in, 101–103
shared support for, 88, 91, 95, 222
War of Independence, 167, 168–169
West Bank occupation (see West Bank occupation)
Israeli-Palestinian conflict, 166, 167–181, 225
“ambivalent centrism” in US Jews, 176–181, 187
author’s views and work on, 4–5, 167, 171–172, 175
binational state solution, 278n19
divisions among US Jews on, 171–175
example of conflict among US Jews, 175–176
one-state solution, 172–173
reasons for lack of progress in resolving, 170–171
two-state solution, 167–171, 172–173, 174, 181, 187, 277n11
Italy, 162
J Street, 174–176, 279–280n21,24,26
J Street U, 178–181, 282n40, 283n48
Jacob (biblical figure), 47, 59
Jacobs, Rich, 175
Jaffe, Howard, 198
Jesuits, 62
Jesus Christ, 23, 26, 105, 123, 131–132, 136, 147, 157, 270n131
Jewish Agency, 183
Jewish Book Council, 211
Jewish Enlightenment, 81, 82, 249–250n7,9
Jewish head, 225–226
Jewish holidays and rituals, 208–211, 218
Jewish identity
author’s experience, 1–5, 221–222
in children, building, 207–215
Erikson and (see Erikson, Erik)
Israel’s legal conflict over, 97–114
peoplehood limits for sustaining, 92–96
Jewish Outreach Institute, 260n3
Jewish quotas, 3, 76–77, 142, 144
“Jewish race.” See race
Jewish social networks, 213–214
Jewish spark, 5
Jewish Voice for Peace (JVP), 173
John, Gospel of, 131
John Paul II, Pope, 122
Johns Hopkins, 142
Jones, Jack, 157
Joseph (biblical figure), 32
Josephus, Flavius, 59
Jost-Creegan, Kelsey, 231
Jubus, 261n16
Judah (biblical figure), 32
Judaism, 45–56
author’s fundamental tenets of, 47
behavior emphasized in, 50–54
children’s observance of, 211–213
conversion and (see conversion)
denomination by percentage, 54
faith role in, 45–49
limits of religious observance standard, 56
See also Conservative Judaism; Orthodox Judaism; Reform Judaism
Judenstaat, Der (Herzl), 84
Kaback, Michael, 247n79
Kamenetz, Rodger, 261n16
Kansas City Country Club, 146
Kaplan, Mordecai, 48, 86, 102–103, 252n34
See also kosher dietary laws
Kaufman, Lisa, 231–232
Kellner, Menachem, 47–48
Kennedy, Randall, 230
Keppel, Frederick Paul, 142
Kerem Shalom, 119–120
Kibbutz Galuyot. See ingathering of exiles
Kierkegaard, Søren, 17, 22, 24
King, Mary-Claire, 70–71, 76–77
Knesset, 100, 104, 107, 108, 109, 111–112, 183, 184
Kogan, Eugene, 231
Korbel, Josef, 40
kosher dietary laws, 51, 53, 55, 185, 255n9
La Jolla, CA, 145
Landau, Moshe, 108, 258n59, 259n62, 260n69
Lapouge, Georges Vacher de, 63
Law of Return of 1950 (Israel), 98, 100, 104, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112, 113, 121, 257n31
League of Nations, 85
Lee University, 142
Legacy (Ostrer), 72
Levi, Leo, 60
Levin, Richard, 146
Levinson, Sanford, 231
Lewittes, Adina, 200–201
Lewontin, Richard, 70–71
Liberal Judaism (Borowitz), 48
Lieberman, Joseph, 148
Life History and the Historical Moment (Erikson), 13–16
limpieza de sangre. See blood purity
Lincoln, Abraham, 137, 138, 163, 264n53
listening, 206–207
local discretion standard, 118
Look magazine, 7–8
Lowell, A. Lawrence, 142
Lustiger, Jean-Marie, 122–123, 259n68
Lutheran Church, 270–271n132
lynching, 140–141
Magid, Shaul, 96
Maimonides, Moses, 46–47
Malewitz, Lea, 231
marriage (in Israel), 98–99, 112–113, 181, 254–255n4,5
See also intermarriage
“mater certa, pater incertus” principle, 36, 38
matrilineal principle, 16, 30, 31–44, 45, 53, 54, 59, 77, 223, 224
arbitrariness of, 44
Big-Tent standard vs., 118
defined, 31
exceptions to, 236n27
in Israel, 100, 103, 110–112, 113
major benefit of, 44
overinclusiveness of, 39–44
roots of, 31–39
underinclusiveness of, 38–39
Matthew, Gospel of, 131
Mayer, Egon, 260n3
Mayyim Hayyim, 217
McClure’s magazine, 141
Mead, Rebecca, 194
Mediterraneans (racial classification), 63
Menorah Hospital, 90
Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare), 132–133, 262n16, 267n96
Meyer, Aviva, 231
Michaelson, Jay, 87
Milken, Michael, 148
millennials, 196, 201, 288n31,32, 290n1, 294n31
Miller, Orlea, 231
millet system, 99
Ministry of the Interior (Israel), 100, 106, 111
Minow, Martha, 231
MIT, 159
Mixed Blessings (Cowan), 205
Mnookin, Allison, 1, 3, 4, 8–9, 189, 198, 232
Mnookin, Dale, 1–5, 8, 13, 57, 208, 226, 232
Mnookin, Jennifer, 1–5, 221, 231, 232
Mnookin, Jimmy, 209, 216–217, 218, 219, 294n36
Mnookin, Wendy, 215–219, 231, 294n36
Mohammed (Islamic prophet), 46
Mongoloids (racial classification), 63
Montagu, Ashley, 67
Moses (biblical figure), 32, 37, 80–81
Must a Jew Believe Anything? (Kellner), 47–48
Myerson, Bess, 143–144
Naimark, Maria, 231
Nakba, 168–169
National Academy of Sciences, 71
National Insurance Law (Israel), 255n5
National Jewish Population Survey (NJPS), 196
National Origins Immigration Act of 1924, 140
National Religious Party (NRP) (Israel), 101, 102, 103, 111
National Religious settlers, 170, 171–172
Nationalist Socialist Party of America, 69
nationality. See ethnic/national identity
Nazism, 15, 17, 27, 40, 62, 65–67, 86, 133, 143, 144, 223, 243n18,24, 245n39
See also Holocaust; neo-Nazism
Negroids (racial classification), 63
neo-Nazism, 69, 129, 147, 149, 152
Netanyahu, Benjamin, 174, 175, 176, 182–183, 184, 280n31, 284n53,54
New England Holocaust Memorial, 152
New Israel Fund, 90
New Testament, 131
New York Times, 13, 18, 41, 42, 74, 76, 138–139, 153
New Yorker, 194
nontheism, 48–49
Nordics (racial classification), 63
Northwestern University, 142
Nostra Aetate, 270n131
NPR, 45
NRP. See National Religious Party
Obama, Barack, 170, 172, 176, 280n29
Ohio State University, 142, 283n48
Olcott, Cornelius, V, 8–9, 92, 232
Olcott, Cornelius, VI (Eli) (author’s grandchild), 232
Olcott, Hailey (author’s grandchild), 213, 232
oleh, 98
Omer, Corey, 231
one-state solution, 172–173
Open Hearts & Open Door, 291n10
Open Hillel, 179
Oranim College, 86
“ordinary meaning” standard, 107
Oren, Michael, 175
Ornan v. The Minister of the Interior, 256n12
Orthodox Judaism, 8, 46, 55, 73, 127, 171, 212
genetic testing in community, 75–76
halacha and, 50–52
intermarriage and, 9, 192, 194, 198–199
in Israel, 7, 97, 98–99, 101–103, 112–113, 166–167, 181–187, 225
matrilineal principle and, 37, 45
percentage of US Jews practicing, 54, 166, 184
Oslo Peace Process, 167, 280n31
Osnos, Peter, 231
Ostrer, Harry, 72
Oswald Rufeisen v. Minister of the Interior. See Brother Daniel case
Palestinian National Liberation Movement, 170
Palestinian refugees, 168–169, 173
Palestinian-Israeli conflict. See Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Passing of the Great Race, The (Grant), 63
Passover Seder, 4, 55–56, 210, 218, 242n47
patrilineal descent, 32, 34, 38, 92, 197
Patton, Bruce, 206
Peck, Gregory, 147
Penn State, 142
peoplehood, 79–96, 165, 223–224
appeal of, 89–91
author’s experience of, 89–91
boundary question not answered by, 91–92
ethnic/national aspect, 79, 83–86
limits of without religion, 92–96
meaning of, 86–89
origins of dual collective, 80–81
Peoplehood Commissions, 86
Pesner, Jonah, 271n135
Pew surveys, 49, 79, 92, 93, 124, 148–149, 165, 195, 196
Phagan, Mary, 140–141
Philadelphia Conference, 250n15
Phillips, Benjamin, 196
Pianko, Noam, 88
Pilate, Pontius, 131
Pittsburgh Platform, 83, 250n16, 251–252n32, 292n15
“plain meaning” standard, 116
Plonit v. The Regional Rabbinical Court Tel Aviv, 254–255n5
Pollack, James, 231
Pollack, Robert, 78
population, Jewish
Israeli, 186
Population Registry Law (Israel), 255n11, 257n31, 259n69
Portugal, 162
Portuguese Inquisition, 61–62, 134
post-ethnicity, 95–96
Pozen, Robert, 231
Prague Winter (Albright), 43
“Premarital Counseling Guide for Clergy” (Reform movement), 197
Prevention of Family Violence Law (Israel), 255n5
Princeton University, 142, 146
Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School, 4–5
Protestantism, 193
Protocols of the Elders of Zion (fraudulent document), 133, 141
public self-identification standard, 117–118
Purim, 210
Putnam, Robert, 193
quotas. See Jewish quotas
Rabbinic Center for Research and Counseling, 291n10
Rabbinical Courts, 98
Rabbinical Courts Jurisdiction (Marriage and Divorce) Law, 254n4
anti-Semitism and, 61–62
as a badge of honor among Jews, 59–61
current US views on, 67–69
the Holocaust and, 65–67
scientific racism and, 62–65, 140
See also ethnic/national identity
Races of Europe, The (Ripley), 63
Ratisbonne, Marie-Théodor, 259n68
Raymond, Melissa, 232
Reconstructionist movement, 48, 86, 103
Reform Judaism, 2, 4, 81, 120, 166, 175, 204, 212
halacha and, 52–53
intermarriage and, 8–9, 53, 119, 191, 192, 197–198, 199
matrilineal principle abandoned by, 37, 53
nontheistic approach and, 48–49
Orthodox Israelis on, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186–187
percentage of US Jews practicing, 54
Pittsburgh Platform, 83, 250n16, 251–252n32, 292n15
on Shabbat observance, 208–209, 242n40
size of in US, 53
Registration of Inhabitants Ordinance (Israel), 99–100, 104, 107, 111–112, 255n11, 259n62
Reich, David, 74–75
“repairing the world” doctrine. See tikkun olam
restrictive deed covenants, 142, 145, 268n109
Revelle, Roger, 145
right of return (Palestinian), 169, 170–171, 173
Rights of Victims of Crime Law (Israel), 255n5
Ripley, William Zebina, 63
Rivlin, Reuven, 88
Roosevelt and Stalin (Butler), 57
Rosenbloom, Seymour, 200
Rothschild, Zalman, 231
Rudenstine, Neil, 269n120
Ruderman, Jay, 284n54
Rufeisen, Oswald, 104–110
See also Brother Daniel case
Russian Revolution, 133, 140, 249n6
Rutgers University, 142
Sabbath. See Shabbat/Sabbath
Salant, David, 231
Salomonsen, Valdemar Isidor, 18, 19, 27
same-sex marriage, 53, 54, 200
Sapiro, Aaron, 267n95
Sarna, Jonathan, 138, 161, 163
Sasson, Theodore, 196
Saudi Education Ministry, 133
Saxe, Leonard, 8, 195, 196, 197
Schulweis, Harold, 48
scientific racism, 62–65, 140, 243n18, 244n30
Second Vatican Council, 147
Seder. See Passover Seder
Seidler, David, 231
Seligman, Jesse, 139
Seligman, Joseph, 138–139, 265n68
Sellout: The Politics of Racial Betrayal (Kennedy), 230
sexual relations, 52
Shabbat/Sabbath, 51, 54, 55, 208–209, 210, 211, 218, 219, 242n40, 255n9
Shakespeare, William, 132–133, 262n16, 267n96
Shalit, Benjamin, 110–112, 259–260n69
Shapiro, Edward, 143–144
Shapiro, Harold, 146
Sharansky, Natan, 284n57
shared past and future (peoplehood criterion), 88
shared responsibility (peoplehood criterion), 88, 95
Shas, 184
Shelley v. Kraemer, 145, 268n109
Shelton-May, Caryn, 231
Sher, Gilad, 230
Sherman, Wendy, 176
Shin Bet, 187
shiva, 191
Sh’ma, 39
Shonk, Katie, 231
Shultz, George P., 253n49
Shweder, Richard, 230
Silberg, Moshe, 106, 107–108, 258n53, 260n69
Simana, Shelly, 231
Singer, Peter, 91
Sittenfeld, George M., 12, 90, 142, 232
Solomon (biblical figure), 32
Somerset Club, 57
Southern Poverty Law Center, 152
Sovern, Michael, 146
Soviet Jews, 88, 95, 113, 253n49
Spanish Inquisition, 61–62, 121, 134
Stalin, Joseph, 57
Standards of Partnership (Hillel International), 179
Stanford University, 90
Statement on Principles for Reform Judaism, 252n32
“Statement on Race, The” (UNESCO), 67–68
Steele, Claude, 157
Stein, Ilan, 231
Steinhardt, Michael, 215
Steinitz, Maya, 231
stereotypes of Jews, 154–157
sterilization, compulsory, 65, 244n35
Stone, Doug, 206
Stuyvesant, Peter, 134
summer camps, 213–214
Sun Also Rises, The (Hemingway), 140
Supreme Court (Israel), 103–112
Brother Daniel case, 104–110, 111, 116, 122, 123, 257–259n46,53,59,62
Ornan case, 256n12
Plonit case, 254–255n5
Shalit case, 110–112, 259–260n69
Supreme Court (US), 69, 145, 148
Susser, Bernard, 100
Sweden, 162
Switzerland, 162
symbolic ethnicity, 93–94, 124
Taoultsides, George, 231
Tay-Sachs disease, 59, 75–76, 247n77,79
Temple Isaiah, 198
Tenants’ Protection Law (Israel), 255n5
Terezin concentration camp, 40
terrorism, 168
teshuvah, 211
theism, 47–49
“Thirteen Fundamental Principles of the Jewish Faith” (Maimonides), 46–47
Thomas, Mark, 74
Tillich, Paul, 22
Times of London, 133
Torah, 32, 36, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 73, 208, 211, 212, 225
traditional Jewish law. See halacha
Trump, Donald, 149, 152, 169–170, 172
Turner, Fredrick Jackson, 64
23andMe, 70–71
two-state solution, 167–171, 172–173, 174, 181, 187, 277n11
tzedakah, 211
tzedakah box, 209
Union for Reform Judaism, 175, 183
United Nations Economic and Social Council (UNESCO), 67–68
United Nations Security Council, 172
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2334, 278n15
United Nations Special Committee on Palestine, 99
United Torah Judaism, 184
unity (peoplehood criterion), 88
University of California Berkeley, 28, 180, 235n39
University of California Berkeley Law School, 1, 11
University of California San Diego, 145
University of Cincinnati, 142
University of Haifa, 47
University of Illinois, 142
University of Kansas, 142
University of Minnesota, 142
University of Texas, 142
University of Virginia, 142
University of Washington, 142
US Golf Association, 269n123
usury, 132
“Vanishing American Jew, The” (Look article), 7–8
Vatican Council, Second, 147
“vehicle” in the park problem, 116–117
Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, 28
Voting Rights Act of 1965, 144
Wade, Nicholas, 74
Wallerstein, Robert, 11, 13, 22–23, 25
Walzer, Michael, 79
War of Independence (Israel), 167, 168–169
War of the Jews (Josephus), 59
Washington, George, 135, 263n31
Washington Post, 40–41, 42, 43, 180
Wattenberg, Ben, 64
Waxman, Chaim, 90
Weintraub, Benjamin, 231
Welsh-Horst, Michelle, 232
West Bank occupation, 7, 158, 166, 167, 177, 276–277n5,6,12, 281n31
Israeli opposition to, 187
Jewish settlements, 168, 170, 171–173, 174–175, 187
origin of, 168
West Jerusalem, 169
Western Wall, 73, 182–183, 184, 187, 284n55,57
Wharton, Edith, 140
Windmueller, Steven, 143
Wine, Sherwin T., 240n20
Wise, Isaac Mayer, 163
women and gender roles, 52, 54, 200
World War I, 140
World Zionist Organization, 85
Yiddish, 82
Yisrael, Agudat, 99
Yosef, David, 182
Young Man Luther (Erikson), 12
Zanuck, Darryl F., 270n129
Zionism, 8, 81, 98, 99–100, 109, 143, 185
AIPAC and, 174
American Jews’ attitudes toward, 85–86, 165
opposition to, 158–161
origins of, 83–84
peoplehood concept and, 83–86
Zionist Organization of America (ZOA), 86, 172–173, 175, 278n18