UNION INFANTRY DEFENSE

1.  This order of battle attempts to list all Union units involved in the Union defense of Longstreet’s Assault. Elements of the Third Union Army Corps brought to the center of the Union line to support the Second Corps are also listed here. Commandeers for July 3, 1863 were determined using multiple sources but most especially Edmund J. Raus, Jr. A Generation on the March: The Union Army at Gettysburg (Gettysburg, PA: Thomas Publications, 1996) and the Official Records.

2.  The report of this regiment says the men of the command did “fire an occasional shot at a few sharpshooters….” The regiment occupied a second line. See the OR, 27/1: 326.

3.  This regiment occupied a second line of battle behind the Vermont Brigade. OR, 27/1: 340.

4.  This regiment occupied a second line of battle behind the Vermont Brigade and supported Rorty’s Battery. OR Supplement, Part I, Reports, Vol. 5, Serial 5, 185-186.

5.  Standard was wounded in leg during the attack. Ladd, Bachelder Papers, 3: 169.

6.  Hancock was painfully wounded in the groin on July 3, 1863.

7.  Gibbon was wounded in action July 3, 1863 in the left shoulder. Gibbon, Personal Recollections of the Civil War, 152.

8.  Messick was killed in action on July 3, 1863 by a shell fragment which struck his head. OR, 27/1: 425; Busey, Union Casualties at Gettysburg, 1: 320.

9.  Webb was wounded in action on July 3, 1863 by a grazing round to his thigh. Ladd, Bachelder Papers, 1: 19.

10. He was killed in action on July 3, 1863. OR, 27/1: 431.

11. Lieutenant Colonel Hesser survived the battle only to be killed in action on November 27, 1863 at Mine Run, Virginia.

12. Only companies A and B of this regiment took part in the action at Pickett’s Charge. They were under the command of Captain John J. Sperry.

13. Macy was wounded in action on July 3, 1863 in the left hand. Raus, A Generation on the March, 39. He apparently was also wounded further up on his arm. Ladd, Bachelder Papers, 1: 253; Busey, Union Casualties at Gettysburg, 1: 209. The wound necessitated amputation of the extremity.

14. He was killed in action on July 3, 1863. OR, 27/1: 448. Shot in the head. Busey, Union Casualties at Gettysburg, 1: 259.

15. It appears that Captain Plumer commanded part of the company at Gettysburg on West Cemetery Hill while First Lieutenant Luke Emerson Bicknell led part of the company at the Bryan Farm against Pettigrew’s Division. Ladd, Bachelder Papers, 2: 984-985; James L. Bowen, Massachusetts in the War 1861-1865 (Springfield, MA, 1889), 864-865. According to Bicknell he took about 20 sharpshooters into action on July 3, 1863 see Edmund Rice, “Repelling Lee’s Last Blow,” Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, 3: 391-392.

16. This unit acted as the provost guard for the 3rd Division, 2nd Corps and took Confederate prisoners on July 3, 1863.

17. Eight companies of the 4th Ohio remained on East Cemetery Hill during the July 3 action. Captain Peter Grubb, commanded companies G and I of this regiment. These troops were left on West Cemetery Hill and participated in the repulse. Grubb was wounded in action on July 2. OR, 27/1: 460-461; Raus, A Generation on the March, 98; Busey, Union Casualties at Gettysburg, 2: 725. On July 3, Sergeant Longworth apparently commanded the two companies of skirmishers. Richard A. Baumgartner, Buckeye Blood: Ohio at Gettysburg (Huntington, WV, 2003), 87.

18. Colonel Smyth received a wound during the cannonade July 3, 1863. Ladd, Bachelder Papers, 1: 407.

19. Smith was killed in action by cannon fire on July 3, 1863. OR, 27/1: 469; William P. Seville, History of the First Regiment of Delaware Volunteers (Baltimore, MD, 1986), 82. Leadership of this regiment on July 3, 1863 is disputed. First Lieutenant John L. Brady claimed he was in command. Ladd, Bachelder Papers, 3: 1334.

20. Sherrill was mortally wounded on July 3, 1863. OR, 27/1: 473. Shot through the bowels. Ladd, Bachelder Papers, 2:343. He died at the George Spangler Farm, 11th Army Corps Hospital.

21. He was wounded in action July 3, 1863. Raus, A Generation on the March, 61; New York at Gettysburg, 1: 285.

22. He was wounded on July 3, 1863 by a gunshot wound to the left forearm. Bachelder Papers, 3: 1762.

23. The units listed here for the Third Corps for the most part were in place at the left center of the Union line on July 3, 1863 during the attack. In many cases it is unknown as to what extent they played in the defense and/or repulse of the attack.

24. This regiment moved to Cemetery Ridge at 3:00 p.m. to support a battery in Doubleday’s Division. OR, 27/1: 497.

25. At 3:00 p.m. on July 3, 1863 this regiment moved to the left center. OR, 27/1: 498.

26. This regiment supported a battery on July 3, 1863 at the left center of the Union line. OR, 27/1: 499; Raus, A Generation on the March, 116.

27. OR, 27/1: 501.

28. This regiment arrived at the left center on the afternoon of July 3, 1863. The regiment supported Cowan’s Battery. OR, 27/1: 114.

29. This regiment supported a battery with Webb’s Brigade on July 3, 1863. OR, 27/1: 506.

30. The regiment was ordered to the left center at 11:00 a.m. OR, 27/1: 506.

31. Lakeman claims in his official report that his regiment arrived on July 3, 1863 at Webb’s front after the enemy was repulsed. OR, 27/1: 509.

32. The 4th Maine supported the Second Division of the Second Corps. OR, 27/1: 510.

33. This unit assisted in removing damaged guns of Cushing’s Battery after the cannonade. OR, 27/1: 513-514.

34. This New York regiment supported a battery in the center of the Union line. OR, 27/1: 512.

35. On July 3, 1863 this regiment occupied a spot behind the Union battle line just north of Pleasonton Avenue as identified by a memorial to the regiment commemorating the action on July 3.

36. While both regiments of “Berdan’s” Sharpshooters were assigned to Ward’s Brigade they often worked independently as a division and/or corps level asset. It appears seven companies of the 1st regiment of sharpshooters supported the 9th MI Light Artillery Battery under the command of Captain Jabez J. Daniels during Pickett’s Charge. Three companies were with the Fifth Corps. OR, 27/1: 517.

37. At least some portion of the eight companies of this regiment were engaged on July 3, 1863. Twelve volunteers did make an effort to silence Confederate artillery west of the Emmitsburg Road. They lost one man killed and one man wounded in the mission. OR, 27/1: 519.

38. This regiment supported the 9th MI Battery. OR, 27/1: 522.

39. This regiment was sent to support the Second Division of the Second Corps. No casualties were reported. OR, 27/1: 524.

40. The 5th MI moved at 2:00 p.m. on July 3, 1863 to the center of the Union line.

41. Two men were wounded July 3, 1863. OR, 27/1: 529.

ENGAGED UNION ARTILLERY

1.  This order of battle attempts to list all federal Union artillery units which fired in the cannonade, attack, and/or repulse of Pickett’s Charge.

2.  One of Cooper’s guns was dismounted in the fighting on July 1, but apparently was remounted and used in the action on July 3. OR, 27/1:365. This battery reported for duty 3:00 p.m. on July 3.

3.  In a postwar account, Stewart claimed the battery did fire in the cannonade. Stewart stated after July 1 the battery had four serviceable guns. Brady and Freeland, The Gettysburg Papers, 373-377.

4.  This battery was transferred from the artillery reserve to the 2nd Corps on July 1. The 14th New York Battery was attached to Rorty’s command. Rorty was killed in action on July 3, 1863 having commanded the battery but a single day. OR, 27/1: 480. The nature of his mortal wound is not exactly known. “James McKay Rorty A Worthy Officer, A Gallant Soldier, An Estimable Man” by Brian C. Pohanka. Battery B, 1st NY Light Artillery File, ALBG, GNMP.

5.  All Parrott Rifles are 10-pounder models unless otherwise stated.

6.  The assigned commander of this battery, 1^st Lieutenant, T. Fred Brown, was wounded in the neck on July 3, 1863 and Lieutenant Perrin took command. OR, 27/1: 481.

7.  All Napoleons listed are 12-pounder models. Two guns of this battery were sent to the rear on July 2 with four guns in action on July 3. OR, 27/1: 478.

8.  Woodruff was mortally wounded by a gunshot wound to his back on July 3, 1863. He died the next day at the Granite School House not far from the front. OR, 27/1: 480-481; Busey, Union Casualties at Gettysburg, 2: 1075.

9.  Cushing was killed in action July 3, 1863 by a gunshot wound through the mouth. OR, 27/1: 480; Testimony of Frederick Fuger, Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, 129. Of the six guns in action that day with the battery, two were placed on the wall and used during the attack. It appears four disabled guns, damaged in the cannonade, were removed by the 99th Pennsylvania when they reported for duty near the Union center. OR, 27/1: 514.

10. Captain Martin says in his report, “On the 3d instant the battery opened upon the enemy at intervals throughout the day.” OR, 27/1: 659. In a postwar account, Rittenhouse says all his guns participated at some time during the assault. Brady and Freeland, The Gettysburg Papers, 526.

11. While the brigade commander of this battery, Augustus Martin, wrote in his report that this battery was not engaged on July 3, 1863, Captain Gibbs noted that artillerymen of his unit were “… occasionally working the battery.” OR, 27/1: 662.

12. This battery was engaged but only fired four rounds of solid shot on July 3. OR, 27/1: 689.

13. The battery was split with five guns going into action south of the Copse of Trees and one gun just north. OR Supplement, Part I, Reports, Vol. 5, Serial 5, 212. For more detail as to this battery’s participation in the defense see Cowan’s complete account 211-216.

14. This battery was detached from Cemetery Hill to aid the Second Corps and arrived in time to fire in the attack and repulse. OR, 27/1: 753.

15. The center and right section of this battery, four total guns, were in action to repulse Pickett’s Charge. OR, 27/1: 756-757.

16. This battery had six total guns with only four in action on July 3.

17. This battery fire in the cannonade from Cemetery Hill. New York at Gettysburg, 3: 1247.

18. Ransom was wounded in the right leg in action on July 2, 1863. It is not known who succeeded him to command for July 3. Busey, Union Casualties at Gettysburg, 2: 1079.

19. Four of these guns were lost on July 2 but retaken. It is not known to what extent this battery participated on July 3. OR, 27/1: 873.

20. Mason stated the entire battery was “… engaged throughout the whole day.” OR Supplement, Part I, Reports, Vol. 5, Serial, 225. It appears three guns fired at a time then being relieved by the other three Napoleons of the battery.

21. This battery suffered terribly July 2. The battery lost four of its’ guns to the Confederates that day, but the guns were later recovered on July 2. Two guns were brought to the center of the Union line on July 3. It is unclear to what extend the battery participated in the action, if at all, on July 3. OR, 27/1: 886; Ladd, Bachelder Papers, 3: 1973; Eric A. Campbell editor, “A Grand Terrible Dramma,” From Gettysburg to Petersburg” The Civil War Letters of Charles Wellington Reed (New York, 2000), 117-121.

22. This battery was normally part of John B. McIntosh’s 1st Brigade, 2nd Division of the Calvary Corps. On July 3, battery, really just one section of two guns, was serving as light artillery under the immediate supervision of Colonel McGilvery. OR, 27/1: 166, 883; Pennsylvania at Gettysburg, 2: 934.

23. This battery repulsed the Florida Brigade. OR, 27/1: 885. Also has the 10th New York Battery attached.

24. Wounded in action July 3, 1863. OR, 27/1: 888. Hart described this wound as “slight.”

25. This unit lost one gun to the enemy on July 2, 1863. OR, 27/1: 890.

26. Taft exercised command of the brigade with one of his officers commanding his battery. At the beginning of the cannonade at least two of his guns fired to the west. These guns were later relieved by three more of Taft’s battery. New York at Gettysburg, 3: 1297; OR, 27/1: 891.

27. The 11th New York Battery was attached. Fitzhugh was the senior officer and commanded the combined battery. The commander of the two guns attached to Fitzhugh from the 11th were under the command of 1st Lieutenant John E. Burton. Ladd, Bachelder Papers, 1: 573-574; New York at Gettysburg, 3: 1250.

CONFEDERATE INFANTRY FORCES

1.  Wounded in the groin. Robert A. Bright, “Pickett’s Charge at Gettysburg,” Confederate Veteran XXXVIII (1930), 266. See also Jack Welsh, M.D., Medical Histories of Confederate Generals (Kent, OH, 1995), 125. “He was struck by a minie ball on the inside cavity of the left thigh, near the femoral artery. The ball glanced up the femur, passed through the cavity of the body, and lodged near the spine.”

2.  Mortally wounded when Federal fire struck him in the shoulder and he fell on his own sword, impaling himself. Richmond Times Dispatch, December 13, 1903.

3.  Wounded in the hand. Richard M. McMurry, Virginia Military Institute Alumni in the Civil War (Lynchburg, VA, 1999), 171; Handwritten biography, undated, no author, Joseph Mayo, Jr., Student File, VMI Archives, Lexington, VA.

4.  Mortally wounded at the Emmitsburg Road by a gunshot wound, which passed through both his jaws. He died at Pennsylvania (Gettysburg) College on July 21, 1863. See biographical sketch of Patton in Walker, Memorial, Virginia Military Institute, 425-425; McMurry, VMI Alumni, 175.

5.  Wounded in the shoulder. OR Supplement, Part I, Reports, Vol. 5, Serial 5, 328; Hilary V. Harris to Father, July 7, 1863, Hilary V. Harris Papers, 1863, Pearce Civil War Collection, Navarro College, Corsicana, TX; McMurry, VMI Alumni, 182.

6.  Some accounts list Terry as wounded in the attack but there are currently no contemporary primary sources to support the claim.

7.  Killed in action in front of the Union works by a bullet to the head. R. H. Irvine, “Brig. Gen. Richard B. Garnett,” Confederate Veteran XXIII (1915), 391; OR Supplement, Part I, Reports, Vol. 5, Serial 5, 313.

8.  Wounded in right leg just below the knee. OR Supplement, Part I, Reports, Vol. 5, Serial 5, 309.

9.  This officer was wounded and captured. Henry T. Owen to Henry A. Carrington, January 27, 1878. A copy of this correspondence is in the 18th VA Volunteer Infantry Regiment File, ALBG, GNMP; “Autographs from an old Album,” Confederate Veteran, XXXII (1924), 130; Henry A. Carrington, CMSR, RG 109, M 324, Roll 599; George C. Cabell, “Colonel H. A. Carrington,” Southern Historical Society Papers, Vol. 32, 217; Richmond Times-Dispatch, February 28, 1904.

10. Wounded in the face. Had his teeth shot out. Also wounded in left arm. Henry A. Gantt, CMSR, RG 109, M 324, Roll 360; War Record of Colonel Henry Gantt given to his niece Mrs. W. D. Patterson by Private William P. Londeree of Company D, 19th Virginia, March 1910, Henry A. Gantt, Student File, VMI Archives, Lexington, VA; Handwritten biographical sketch by Thomas P. Gantt, undated, Henry Gantt, Student File, VMI Archives, Lexington, VA.

11. Killed in action. Allen was shot twice in the head and once in the shoulder. “Echoes from Gettysburg,” Confederate Veteran XXI (1913), 430; Richmond Times Dispatch, date unknown; Robert C. Allen, Student File, VMI Archives, Lexington, VA; Miss Gates Moffett, “Colonel Robert Allen,” Robert C. Allen, Student File, VMI Archives, Lexington, VA.

12. Mortally wounded at the onset of the advance. George W. Finley, “Bloody Angle, “Buffalo Evening News, May 29, 1894; Wm. Couper, Colonel, Executive Officer & Historiographer to Mr. J. A. Stuart, Buena Vista, CA states time of death was at 3:50 a.m. on July 29, 1863, William D. Stuart, Student File, VMI Archives, Lexington, VA.

13. Armistead was hit by two bullets inside the angle. One bullet struck him in the left leg and another hit him in the right arm. He died on July 5, 1863. Ladd, Bachelder Papers, 1: 358-359. Contrary to other sources, and according to one of the doctors who treated him, Armistead was not wounded in the chest as often depicted.

14. While Owens is listed on the Order of Battle after Gettysburg as a major, his rank in Pickett’s Charge was colonel. James J. Phillips to Francis H. Smith, July 18, 1863, VMI Archives, Lexington, VA. Owens was mortally wounded in the groin and died July 4, 1863. Clement A. Evans ed., Confederate Military History Extended Version (Wilmington, NC, 1987), Vol. 4, 288-289.

15. Killed in action within a few feet of the stonewall on Cemetery Ridge. James F. Crocker, “James Gregory Hodges,” Southern Historical Society Papers, Vol. 37, 193-195. Colonel Hodges’ body was never recovered.

16. Killed in action by a Union rifle bullet, which pierced his skull. OR Supplement, Part I, Reports, Vol. 5, Serial, 333. Edmonds was followed in command of the regiment by Lieutenant Colonel Powhatan Whittle and then Major Joseph Cabell.

17. Wounded in action during the cannonade, and subsequently did not make the charge. John C. Timberlake to the editor of the Richmond Times Dispatch, October 29, 1887, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, VA. Lieutenant Colonel Rawley W. Martin led the regiment in the attack. He was wounded in both legs and captured inside the famous “Angle.”

18. Mortally wounded by two rifle bullets in the chest and arm. He died as a prisoner of war on July 5, 1863. William H. Stewart, “Col. John Bowie M’Gruder,” Confederate Veteran VIII (1900), 329; William H. Stewart, “Colonel John Bowie Magruder,” Southern Historical Society Papers, Vol. 27, 205-210.

19. Wounded in hand. OR, 27/2: 321-362; OR, 27/2: 640-641. T. J. Cureton of the 26th North Carolina Infantry stated that Pettigrew was wounded in the arm. OR Supplement, Part I, Reports, Vol. 5, Serial 5, 430.

20. Two sources claim that Davis was wounded in the attack on July 3, but this is questionable. Welsh, Medical Histories of Confederate Generals, 51; John C. Rietti, Military Annals of Mississippi, 148. Davis’s CMSR indicates he was furloughed from Hospital # 4 in Richmond, VA on July 30, 1863 suffering from engorgement of the liver and general disability. Joseph R. Davis, CMSR, NARA, RG 109, M 331, Roll 72.

21. The Colonel of the 2nd Mississippi, John Marshall Stone was wounded in the side by shrapnel on July 1. OR, 27/2: 648; Ladd, Bachelder Papers, 1: 329; T. P. Williams, The Mississippi Brigade of Brig. Gen. Joseph R. Davis (Dayton, OH, 1999), 86. It appears that despite being wounded on July 1, Stone viewed Pickett’s Charge but did not lead his regiment in the assault. Stone was wounded again on July 3 near the front while he was attempting to return to a Confederate field hospital. See Biographical & Historical Memoirs of Mississippi. Vol. 2 (Spartansburg, SC, 1978), 650-653. With Colonel Stone out of action the regiment was led on July 3 by Lieutenant Colonel David W. Humphreys. He was killed in action on July 3. David W. Humphreys, CMSR, RG 109, M 269, Roll 117.

22. Wounded in action on July 3. Baxter M‘Farland, “Casualties of the Eleventh Mississippi Regiment at Gettysburg,” Confederate Veteran XXIV (1916), 410-411. McFarland was not at Gettysburg although he was a member of the regiment until June 1863.

23. Miller was mortally wounded in the left breast and right knee on July 3. He was captured and died in captivity July 19, 1863. Rev. Dr. T. D. Witherspoon, “Prison Life at Fort McHenry,” Southern Historical Society Papers, Vol. 8, 77; Hugh R. Miller, CMSR, RG 109, M 269, Roll 396; Williams, Davis’s Brigade, 225; Coco, Wasted Valor, 119-121.

24. Killed in action on July 3. On July 1, Colonel John Kerr Connally was severely wounded, succeeded by Lieutenant Colonel Maurice Thompson Smith who was killed, succeeded by Major Alfred Horatio Belo who was also wounded, leaving Captain Gilreath in command on July 3. Walter B. Clark ed., Histories of the Several Regiments and Battalions from North Carolina in the Great War 1861-‘65, Vol. 3 (Wilmington, NC, 1996), 299-301; Jordan, North Carolina Troops, 13: 386 and 444. Upon Gilreath’s death, command passed to 1st Lieutenant Marcus C. Stevens.

25. Colonel Robert M. Mayo, commander of the 47th Virginia filed the official report of the brigade for the action at Gettysburg. A former subordinate H. H. Walker replaced Brockenbrough very shortly after Gettysburg. Brockenbrough was present and in command on July 3. J. M. Brockenbrough to Jefferson Davis, July 27, 1863, John M. Brockenbrough, Student File, VMI Archives, Lexington, VA; H. J. Horner, Confederate Veteran VI (1898), 68; William S. Christian to John W. Daniel, October 24, 1904, John W. Daniel Papers, University of Virginia, Richmond, VA.

26. Betts was wounded at Gettysburg and later captured July 5, 1863. Date of wound is unknown therefore either he or Davis commanded in the charge. Thomas E. Betts, CMSR, RG 109, M 347, Roll 852.

27. Captured during the retreat from Gettysburg, July 14, 1863 at Falling Waters. James Dinkins, “The Negroes as Slaves,” Southern Historical Society Papers, Vol. 35, 62; “Colonel William Steptoe Christian,” Confederate Veteran XIX (1911), 350.

28. While the OR lists Major John S. Bowles in command of this unit on July 3, it was actually under the leadership of Tayloe. Jaquelin M. Meredith, “The First Day at Gettysburg Tribute to Brave General Harry Heth who Opened the Great Battle,” Southern Historical Society Papers, Vol. 3, 24, 185.

29. Fry was the commander of the 13th Alabama Infantry. When General Archer was captured on July 1, Fry assumed command of Archer’s Brigade. During Pickett’s Charge on July 3, Fry was wounded in the right shoulder by a shell during the artillery barrage preceding the advance. He remained in command, however, until he was shot in the thigh (fracturing the bone) and captured. OR, 27/2: 608; OR, 27/2: 65; Fry, “Pettigrew’s Charge,” 7: 91-93. The successor to brigade command was NOT Lieutenant Colonel S. G. Shepard as stated in the OR. Shepard did write the report for the brigade’s actions at Gettysburg on August 10, 1863, and clearly states “I beg leave to state that, although I was not in command of the brigade, yet I was in each of the engagements, and upon my own observation and the testimony of the officers of each of the regiments I predicate my statements,” OR, 27/2: 646-648.

30. Wounded and captured July 3, 1863. Reports differ on whether he was wounded or not, but Colonel Birkett Fry states George was wounded by Fry’s side. OR, 27/2: 289 lists Major Felix G. Buchanan as in command, but George’s CMSR and multiple sources including OR, 27/1: 467-468, identify him as being captured on July 3; Ladd, Bachelder Papers, 1: 516-520; Fry, “Pettigrew’s Charge,” 7: 92-93.

31. OR, 27/2: 289 lists Shepard in command but he was not. Colonel Fite was in command and captured on July 3. OR, 27/1: 467-468; Evans, Confederate Military History, 8: 201; Gustavus W. Dyer and John Trotwood Moore, The Tennessee Civil War Veterans Questionnaires (Easley, SC, 1985), 816-819. This source is Fite’s own account. See also John Fite, CMSR, RG 109, M 268, Roll 144; OR, 27/1: 467-468.

32. Wounded in thigh and captured in Pickett’s Charge, July 3 while crossing the wall. OR, 27/2: 289 lists Captain B. L. Phillips as in command, but Lockert was senior, present, and in command until wounded. Krick, Lee’s Colonels, 241; F. S. Harris, “Heroism in the Battle of Gettysburg,” Confederate Veteran IX (1901), 16; James Lockert, CMSR, RG 109, M 268, Roll 175.

33. Killed instantly by two bullets in the forehead. Jennings Cropper Wise, The Military History of the Virginia Military Institute from 1839 to 1865 (Lynchburg, VA, 1915), 450; F. Lewis Marshall to Uncle, October 6, 1863, VMI Archives Manuscript # 0165, Lexington, VA. Available online at www.vmi.edu/archives/manuscripts/ms0165.html.

34. Francis W. Bird, CMSR, RG 109, M 270, Roll 191.

35. Wounded by a shell fragment on July 1, but remained on the field. Knocked down by a shell and stunned on July 3. Jordan, North Carolina Troops, 7: 463; Evans, Confederate Military History, 4: 189.

36. Severely wounded in the shoulder and foot, July 3. OR, 27/2: 645; Jordan, North Carolina Troops, 11: 244. Nathaniel L. Brown of the 47th North Carolina says in a letter that Faribault was “…slightly wounded in the right arm.” See Don Ernsbereger, Also For Glory The Pettigrew Trimble Charge (No City, 2008), 172.

37. Wounded in both thighs July 3, and captured. OR, 27/1: 467-468; Jordan, North Carolina Troops, 12: 415.

38. Major General William D. Pender was mortally wounded on July 2, 1863. James H. Lane assumed command of the division on the evening of July 2, Trimble took command from Lane on July 3. Trimble was wounded by a Federal bullet, which struck him in the left leg near the Emmitsburg Road. Ladd, Bachelder Papers, 2: 934; Isaac R. Trimble, “Civil War Diary of I. R. Trimble,” Maryland Historical Magazine (1922), 1-2.

39. Wounded in action July 3 with a “ball through the body” and received a contusion on the “…instep of his foot…” OR Supplement, Part II, Records of Events, Vol. 48, Serial 60, 476; OR Supplement, Part I, Reports, Vol. 5, Serial 5, 447. He spent time at the Lutheran Theological Seminary Hospital and Camp Letterman. On September 21, 1863, Turner arrived at a hospital in Baltimore. J. McLeod Turner, CMSR, RG 109, M 270, Roll 178. After Turner was disabled the command of the regiment fell to Captain James Gilmer Harris. See OR Supplement, Part I, Reports, Vol. 5, Serial, 5, 454.

40. Wounded in action in left thigh. OR, 27/2: 668.

41. Wounded in action bruised by an artillery fragment. OR, 27/2: 668.

42. Wounded in action. H. A. Brown, “Col. W. M. Barbour,” Confederate Veteran VII (1899), 30.

43. General Scales was wounded on July 1. Lowrance was wounded in action on July 1 but reported for duty and commanded the brigade during the attack. OR, 27/2: 659; Evans, Confederate Military History, 15: 518.

44. Wounded in action. Clark, NC Regiments, 1: 698.

45. While the OR lists Captain Leroy Stowe in command of this regiment at Gettysburg, Stowe was wounded in action on September 1, 1862 and was not present at Gettysburg. See OR, 27/2: 290; Leroy W. Stowe, CMSR, RG 109, M 270, Roll 247. Captain Cloud was in command of the regiment and captured on July 3, 1863. See Abel S. Cloud, CMSR, RG 109, M 270, Roll 242; OR Supplement, Part I, Reports, Vol. 5, Serial 5, 468-469; Jordan, North Carolina Troops, 6: 46-47.

46. Colonel Conner was wounded at the Battle of Mechanicsville in 1862. While absent for some time, according to his CMSR, he is back with the regiment on April 1, 1863 and signs for stationary through the period of June 30, 1863. He resigned from the service on account of his wound on August 13, 1863. James Connor, CMSR, RG 109, M 270, Roll 286. While there is some question, he appears to be present at Gettysburg with his command.

47. Wounded in the leg. Jordan, North Carolina Troops, 9: 251; George T. Gordon, CMSR, RG 109, M 270, Roll 388. According to his CMSR the wound was in his left leg.

48. Captain Thornburg was acting major of the regiment on July 3. He was wounded in action on July 1, but was present on July 3. As senior officer, he assumed command of the regiment on July 3. During the assault, Thornburg was severely wounded in the face which resulted in the destruction of his right eye. See OR Supplement, Part I, Reports, Vol. 5, Serial 5, 464-465; Clark, NC Regiments, 2: 692; Jordan, North Carolina Troops, 7: 10; George W. Flowers, “The Thirty-Eighth N. C. Regiment,” Southern Historical Society Papers, Vol. 25, 259-260.

49. Lang commanded Perry’s Brigade as General Edward A. Perry was absent sick with Typhoid. Evans, Confederate Military History, 7: 150.

50. Fleming was in command on July 3 as Major Walter R. Moore, commanding, and Captain Ballantine, second in command, were both wounded on July 2. Walter R. Moore, CMSR, RG 109, M 251, Roll 39; Evans, Confederate Military History, 16: 152, 155, 219, and 262.

51. Holleyman (also spelled as Hollyman) was in command on July 3 as Captain Richmond N. Gardner, commanding, was wounded (lost an arm) on July 2. Richard N. Gardner, CMSR, RG 109, M 251, Roll 62; Evans, Confederate Military History, 16: 155. One source mentions that a Captain Bryan commanded between Gardner and Holleyman, but this is not verified elsewhere; Francis S. Fleming, Memoir of Capt. C. S. Fleming, of the Second Florida Infantry, C. S. A. (Alexandria, VA, 1985), 87.

52. Baya was in command as Colonel Lang was temporarily commanding the brigade. Baya, anglicized from Balla, was the only Spanish-American to command a Confederate unit at Gettysburg. Biography found in Evans, Confederate Military History, 16: 221-222; David W. Hartman and David Coles compilers, Biographical Roster of Florida’s Confederate and Union Soldiers, 1861-1865, Vol. 2 (Wilmington, NC, 1985), 808.

53. Wounded, finger shot off on July 2. Remained in command. OR, 27/2: 619-621.

54. Shelley succeeded to the command of the 10th Alabama after Colonel William H. Forney was severely wounded on July 2. OR, 27/2: 619-620.

55. Tayloe commanded on July 3 as Colonel J. C. C. Sanders was wounded in the knee by a minie ball on July 2. W. Brewer, Alabama: Her History, Resources, War Record, and Public Men. From 1540 to 1872 (Tuscaloosa, AL, 1872), 268-269; OR, 27/2: 619-62.

56. Broome commanded on July 3 as Colonel Lucius Pinckard had been wounded (right arm broken) on July 2. Coincidentally, both Broome of the 14th Alabama and Tayloe of the 11th were graduates of the Virginia Military Institute. Evans, Confederate Military History, 7: 520.

ENGAGED CONFEDERATE ARTILLERY

1.  Frequently given as Mathias, Henry’s first name was actually Mathis. Proceedings of the Clarke County Historical Association, Vol. VI, 1946, 53-60.

2.  Hereafter all Parrott cannon are 10-pounder models unless otherwise stated. A post-war source states this battery also had 12-pounder Howitzer. “Hugh Garden’s Battery,” Sumter Herald, August 29, 1902.

3.  Latham received two captured Parrott Rifles from Smith’s 4th NY Independent Battery. Two of his original guns were disabled July 2, 1863.

4.  During Pickett’s Charge Colonel Cabell had two horses shot from beneath him and he was slightly wounded in the left side. He did, however, remain in command. See S. Basset French, Biographical Sketches, Archives Division, Library of Virginia; “The Cabells and Their Kin,” Confederate Veteran XVI (1908), 562-563.

5.  Captain John C. Fraser, the battery commander, was mortally wounded on July 2 and died July 11. John C. Fraser, CMSR, RG 109, M 266, Roll 104. This battery was so crippled on July 2, 1863, that Colonel Cabell took two 3” Rifles and attached them to Basil Manly’s battery. Lieutenant John C. Payne, one of Manly’s subordinates, commanded these guns on July 3, 1863. The remaining Parrott Rifles were left under the immediate command of 1st Lieutenant William J. Furlong of Fraser’s battery. OR, 27/2: 375.

6.  Carlton was severely wounded. OR, 27/2: 384. Columbus Motes takes command.

7.  Only the two Parrott Rifles were engaged in the cannonade on July 3. All four guns were moved to the Emmitsburg Road during the advance and fired in support of the assault. See OR, 27/2: 384.

8.  On July 3, Manly had six total guns under his command with two 3” Rifles assigned to him from the crippled Pulaski Artillery (Furlong’s battery).

9.  The armament of this battery is disputed. The war department plaque on the battlefield states this battery had two 20-pounder Parrott Rifles. Michael J. Andrus, The Brooke, Fauquier, Loudoun, and Alexandria Artillery (Lynchburg, VA, 1990), 77 states the battery received six new Napoleons May 16, 1863. An extract dated July 1, 1863 also states this battery had six Napoleons at Gettysburg. OR Supplement, Part I, Reports, Vol. 5, Serial 5, 341. Dearing says Alexander gave him a 20-pounder Parrott Rifle, and in exchange, Dearing gave Alexander a 12-pounder Howitzer. OR, 27/2: 391.

10. While Walton was the senior artillery officer in Longstreet’s command, Colonel E. Porter Alexander exercised defacto control of all of Longstreet’s artillery on July 3, 1863. Alexander noted he was third in seniority, with Colonel Cabell’s date of rank prior to his. Gallagher, Fighting for the Confederacy, 224.

11. On July 3, 1863 Major Frank Huger commanded the battalion while Alexander exercised command over all of Longstreet’s guns.

12. Operated separate from the rest of the battalion on July 3, 1863. See OR, 27/2: 430.

13. Captain Pichegru Woolfolk, was wounded in action on July 2, and the battery command fell to his brother. OR, 27/2: 430.

14. This battery is also known as Rhett’s battery. The battery’s commander S. Capers Gilbert was wounded in the left knee at Gettysburg, most likely July 2. OR, 27/2: 431; S. Capers Gilbert, CMSR, RG 109, M 267, Roll 94.

15. Two of these guns were dismounted on July 2, 1863. Gallagher, Fighting for the Confederacy, 240. James Dearing finds another howitzer on July 4 and states it was Alexander’s. OR, 27/2: 391.

16. One gun was defective July 3, 1863 and not used in the cannonade. OR Supplement, Part I, Reports, Vol. 5, Serial 5, 367.

17. Captain Squires, this battery’s commander, held a staff position at Gettysburg, and his one gun was attached to the Third Company during the fighting. OR, 27/2: 434; Charles W. Squires, “My Artillery Fire Was Very Destructive,” Civil War Times Illustrated, June 1975, 20. Brown was wounded on July 3, and later taken prisoner at Gettysburg. Squires reassumed command of the battery afterwards. Charles H. C. Brown, CMSR, RG 109, M 320, Roll 63.

18. To add to these cannons, on the morning of July 3, 1863, Captain Richardson ordered off the field an abandoned 3” Ordnance Rifle from Consolidated Battery C & F, Independent Pennsylvania Artillery, Captain James Thompson commanding. OR, 27/2: 434. The one howitzer of this company was held in reserve under 1st Lieutenant George E. Apps and did not fire in the cannonade. Both 12-pounder Howitzers of the battalion (Second and Fourth Company) did fire after the Confederate infantry was repulsed. Lieutenant Apps commanded both these howitzers and was wounded at Gettysburg on July 3 as well as had a horse shot from under him. George E. Apps, CMSR, RG 109, M 320, Roll 62.

19. The Third Company also had and additional gun from Squires (Brown’s Fourth Company).

20. Norcom was wounded July 3 by a piece of shell and left the field. Command of the battery fell to 1st Lieutenant Henry A. Battles. OR, 27/2: 434.

21. The 12-pounder Howitzer was held in reserve on July 3, 1863, and did not fire in the cannonade. OR, 27/2: 434-435. It did, however, fire after the repulse. See footnote # 18.

22. This battery had four total guns but the two Napoleons did not fire on July 3. OR, 27/2: 603.

23. Griffin’s first name is often incorrectly listed as William. “Capt. Wiley Hunter Griffin,” Confederate Veteran V (1897), 247-248; “Hunter Griffin’s Career,” The Galveston Daily News, November 25, 1896.

24. The armament for this battery is disputed. Major Latimer ordered this battery, which was normally part of the horse artillery, to the Confederate center. W. W. Goldsborough, The Maryland Line in the Confederate Army 1861-1865 (Gaithersburg, MD, 1987), 285.

25. Brown replaced the wounded Stapleton Crutchfield, Jr., who lost his leg at Chancellorsville.

26. While this battery did have four total guns only three where in action on July 3. On gun was sent to the rear because of the lack of men and ammunition to service rifled guns. White, “Contributions to the Richmond Howitzer Battalion,” 206-207.

27. This battery is Dance’s battery.

28. This battery was detached from the battalion and sent to Benner’s Hill where it fired on July 3, 1863. OR, 27/2: 604-5; Joseph Graham, “An Awful Affair,” Civil War Times Illustrated, April 1984.

29. This was Captain Abraham Hupp’s battery.

30. Two Napoleons of this battery were held in reserve on July 2 and 3 and not engaged. OR, 27/2: 604.

31. Nelson’s battalion was composed of three batteries at Gettysburg. According to the war department plaques only Milledge’s battery of the battalion fired on July 3. Colonel Nelson stated in his report that the battalion fired only “…20 or 25 rounds….” OR, 27/2: 606.

32. Given the extended range of the Third Corps batteries to the Union defensive line it is doubtful any smoothbore howitzer assigned to A. P. Corps fired in the cannonade on July 3, 1863.

33. The battalion’s permanently assigned commander was Lieutenant Colonel Allen S. Cutts. Cutts was absent during the Battle of Gettysburg and did not report back to the organization until July 15, 1863. OR, 27/2: 636. Some sources refer to this organization as Cutts’s battalion.

34. The howitzer was detached and sent to General Wilcox on July 2, 1863. It is not known if it fired on July 3, 1863. OR, 27/2: 635.

35. Captain Wingfield’s leg was bruised by a Union shell fragment on July 3, but he stayed in command of his battery. OR, 27/2: 636.

36. This battery was new to the battalion, being assigned to the command on June 21, 1863 at Berryville, VA. For detail related to the action of this battery at Gettysburg see the letter of Joseph Graham in “An Awful Affair,” Civil War Times Illustrated, April 1984, 46-49.

37. The regular captain of this battery was James V. Brooke. He was not present at Gettysburg. Brooke resigned his commission on July 24, 1863 on account of an injury he received in 1862. He was also elected a representative from Fauquier County to the Virginia House of Delegates in May 1863. James V. Brooke, CMSR, RG 109, M 324, Roll 347.

38. Captain Hurt was wounded at Gettysburg but the specific day and nature of the wound is unknown. See Evans, Confederate Military History, 8: 317-318; Brewer, Alabama: Her History, Resources, War Record, and Public Men, 697. One Whitworth gun was damaged on July 1, 1863, by enemy fire and repaired. The gun broke again on July 3 after firing and was removed from the field. OR, 27/2: 675.

39. One 3” Rifle was damaged on July 1, 1863 and sent to the rear. OR, 27/2: 675.

40. Major William J. Pegram was ill right before the battle, but arrived for duty and assumed command of the battalion on June 30, 1863. Pegram’s second in command, Captain Ervin B. Brunson, exercised command of the battalion during Pegram’s absence, and filed the official report of the action at Gettysburg. OR, 27/2: 610, 639, 652.

41. Captain Crenshaw was in Europe at the time of the battle. 1st Lieutenant John H. Chamberlayne was in command of the battery until he was captured right before the battle of Gettysburg. John H. Chamberlayne, CMSR, RG 109, M 324, Roll 291. Chamberlyane was succeeded by 1st Lieutenant Andrew B. Johnston. “Annual Reunion of Pegram’s Battalion,” May 21, 1886, Southern Historical Society Papers, Vol. 14, 34.

42. Two 12-pounder Howitzers of this battery were not engaged on July 3. One gun of this battery was permanently disabled during the battle. OR Supplement, Part II, Record of Events, Vol. 70, Serial 82, 419.

43. When Pegram reported for duty June 30, 1863, it is likely Captain Brunson returned to his battery. Brunson was wounded at Gettysburg but the date is not known. Joseph Woods Brunson, Pee Dee Light Artillery of Maxcy Gregg’s (Later McGowan’s) Brigade, First South Carolina Volunteers (Infantry) C.S.A. A Historical Sketch (Auburn, AL, 1983), 28. On July 3, 1863 it is possible that Lieutenant William E. Zimmerman commanded this battery.

44. One gun was disabled on July 1, 1863. It may or may not have been repaired for July 3. OR, 27/II: 678.

45. The armament for this battery is disputed. According to the war department plaque located on the battlefield it contained the four guns listed above. The Battery may have used 3” Rifles instead of the Parrott Rifles at Gettysburg. It seems accounts vary on the types of rifles this battery possesses. See Robert K. Krick, The Fredericksburg Artillery (Lynchburg, VA, 1986), 51.

46. Sometime during the fighting at Gettysburg, “…one Napoleon gun [was] disabled and afterwards captured by the enemy while it was with the wagon train.” OR Supplement, Part II, Record of Events, Vol. 70, Serial 82, 379.