NOTES
A word on sources: We made every attempt to keep this book as historically accurate as possible (the sourcing alone took nearly a year) while at the same time providing a desirable reading experience. To this end, we scoured through thousands of documents from hundreds of different sources. The majority of the scenes we described in this book came from multiple sources where complete publishing information—the names and dates of the newspaper, magazine, or book—was available to us. But a small percentage of our sources, mostly newspaper clippings in Taylor’s scrapbook held at the Indianapolis State Museum, were undated and/or unnamed. Others were dated, but the writer did not specify the date for the scene he/she was referring to—a 1926 article describing the time Taylor was pulled over by French police sometime in 1901 comes to mind. In most cases, we were able to uncover these hidden dates through other corroborating newspaper articles. In those instances when we were unable to corroborate the dates of a given scene, we placed the event in the chronological order that we, having researched Major Taylor’s life for nearly a half decade, believe them to have taken place. Also, it should be noted that since we had no videos to aid in our race descriptions, we relied on published reports from various reporters covering the races. Because it is very difficult to write a play-by-play description of a race in which men are traveling at forty-plus miles per hour, these reports occasionally conflicted. Our descriptions reflect these disparate reports. Portions of Taylor’s scrapbook were obtained from microfilm held at the University of Pittsburgh Library. We have used the abbreviation UASP (unidentified articles scrapbook Pittsburgh) to annotate those sources obtained there. Finally, there were periods during Taylor’s life that were not heavily reported on, especially 1905 to 1906 and some of his final years. In cobbling these periods together, we did our best with what we had to work with.
xi. “Major Taylor Carnival trains” Cycle Age: May, 1901; Unidentified Australian newspaper clipping, Major Taylor scrapbook: Indianapolis History Museum.
xi. Four continents: North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia.
xi. Major Taylor billboards: Major Taylor autobiography, 9. 142.
xi. crowd marching to Taylor’s hotel: Andrew Ritchie, Out of the Shadows, A Biographical History of African American Athletes, edited by David Wiggins, p. 31.
xi. largest throng to witness a sporting event: Brooklyn Daily Eagle August 9, 1897; Baltimore Sun, August 10, 1897
xi. fifty thousand people watched him race: Worcester Telegram May 10, 1896; Baltimore Sun, August 10, 1897; The Flying Negro Major Taylor by Robert Coquille, La Vie Grand Air, March 19, 1901 pp. 130-131.
xi. Sporting Globe, August 12, 1939.
xi. thousands mobbed tracks just to watch his workouts: The Fastest Bicycle Rider in the World: The Story of a Colored Boy’s Indomitable Courage and Success Against Great Odd, An Autobiography by Marshall W. “Major” Taylor p.86; Chicago Daily Tribune, May 16, 1901.
xi. Taylor denied access to meals, restaurants, hotels, and sleeping in horse stables: The Columbus Enquirer, May 9, 1907; Syracuse Standard, November 4, 1898; The Daily Northwestern, March 16, 1901; Cycle Age, October 6, 1898; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, August 2, 1901; Worcester Telegram, August 2, 1901; Boston Daily Globe, August 2, 1901; The Lexington Herald, April 24, 1907.
xii. New York Times called the most talked about in sport: New York Times: Gossip of the Cycler’s; “The Negro in Racing” October 3, 1897
xii. Virgil Earp in cow town: William A Brady, The Showman (Curtis Publishing, 1936-37) p. 90, 91, 92, 93
xii. he traveled more than two hundred thousand grueling miles: The Extraordinary Career of a Bicycle Racer by Andrew Ritchie p. 217
xii. handicaps as far back as three-hundred fifty yards: The Fastest Bicycle Rider in the World; The Story of a Colored Boys Indomitable Courage and Success Against Great Odd; An Autobiography by Marshall W. “Major” Taylor p. 292
xii. Most heavily advertised man in Europe: Worcester Telegram, April 8, 1901; Boston Globe, April 7, 1901.
xii. Talked about in newspapers and cafes as often as presidents of countries: Cycle Age April 14, 1901; La Vie Grand Air March 10, 1901, pp. 130-131; Unidentified French article May 1901, Cycler’s News June 4, 1901
xii. Captured more attention than one of the world’s richest citizens: Chicago Daily Tribune, June 29, 1901.
Chapter 1
3. Later described as polished ebony: Brooklyn Daily Eagle August 7, 1897
3. Twelve of the first twenty-two Kentucky derbies: Joe Drape, Black Maestro (Harpers Collins 2006) p. 27.
4. Born November 26th, 1878: Major Taylor, The Fastest Bicycle rider in the World Autobiography (Wormly Publishing 1928) p. 1.
4. “All we had was just what we needed…” Sydney Daily Telegraph, January 7, 1903; quoting New South Wales Baptist article “Thirty-thousand Dollars for Conscience Sake”
4. Introduction to Daniel Southard: Major Taylor, Autobiography p.1.
4. Private tutor: Andrew Ritchie, The Extraordinary Career of a Champion Bicycle Racer Interview Sydney Taylor Brown (John Hopkins 1988) p. 15.
4. Siblings educated by Milton Lewis: The Freeman, July 30, 1904.
5. “boneshakers, hobby horses, velocipedes” The Evening Bulletin, February 7, 1896.
5. Original meaning of the term teamsters: www.answers.com DL December 6, 2006.
5. Ohio legislation: Robert Smith, Social History (American Heritage Press) p. 183.
5. Jersey City order: Ibid-p. 183.
5. Illinois legislature: Ibid-p. 184.
6. Boston and Hartford: Ibid-p. 49.
6. “For some reason the equine mind has a distinct aversion to motion” Brooklyn Daily Eagle May 29, 1883.
6. “He is not a pedestrian and cannot be catalogued as a horse” Ibid.
6. “the most powerful athletic group in the world” What Bicyclist have Done: New York Times September 11, 1892.
7. “Death by Wheel” http//moonrider.journalspace.com DL September 29, 2006.
7. Get a bicycle, you will not regret it if you live” www.quotegarden.com DL April 27, 2007.
8. “I dropped from the happy life of a millionaire kid: Major Taylor autobiography p. 2.
8. “bicycle row”: Flyman’s Handbook of Indianapolis, Max R. Hyman, Editor, M. R. Hyman Co., 1897, p. 378.
9. “My eyes nearly popped out of my head: Major Taylor autobiography p. 2.
9. I spent more time fondling that medal: Ibid-p. 2.
9. I know you can’t go the full distance: Ibid-p. 3.
10. It gave me a fresh start: Ibid-p. 3.
10. H.T. Hearshey’s: Ibid-p. 5.
10. Michaux Club: www.victorianstation.com DL June 29, 2006.
11. John D Rockefeller thirty-eight bikes: Newark Sunday Advocate June 9, 1895.
11. Riding academies replaced by bicycles: Joseph B. Bishop, New York Evening Post, June 20, 1896.
11. “why I feel as if I had never known my mother until…” Ibid June 9, 1895.
11. 1893 first year more bikes than horses: The Standard, April 4, 1893.
12. One third of all patents: “Major Taylor, Colonel Pope, and the General Commotion over Bikes,” The Ledger, Spring 2001.
12. “one of much larger importance than all the victories and defeats of Napoleon.” New York Tribune: 1895, quoted in Fred C Kelly, article “The Great Bicycle Craze: American,” Heritage Magazine: December 8, 1956.
12. “It is pleasant to read in our livery trade…” New York Times August 28, 1898.
Chapter 2
13. Birdie Munger born in Iowa 1863: Boston Globe: November 7, 1885.
13. Munger accident: Boston Globe: October 29, 1885.
14. “Western Flyer” San Antonio Daily Light August 24, 1893.
14. “he left after his voice” Unidentified clipping: Arthur Zimmerman scrapbook, Monmouth County Historical Society Freehold, NJ.
14. Munger Cycle Manufacturing Company: Newark Daily Advocate June 27, 1896.
14. “The Munger” Bearings Advertisement, date unknown.
14. “Munger lived, ate, talked, slept and breathed bicycles” Andrew Ritchie; The Extraordinary Career of a Champion Bicycle Racer (John Hopkins) p. 23.
16. “pickaninny” Chicago Daily Tribune: May 4, 1898.
16. No darkey had ever amounted to a pinch of snuff”: Bearings, July 1, 1897.
17. “We will bleach you and make you white”: UASP.
17. “Its effect was ludicrous”: The Daily Republican, August 2, 1901.
18. “he was as faithful and conscientious about the servile…” Newark Daily Advocate August 14, 1900.
18. “Mr. Munger became closer and closer attached to me . . .” Major Taylor Autobiography p. 13.
18. “took to Taylor as a duck takes to water”: The Sunday Herald Syracuse, August 22, 1897
18. Taylor first meeting Arthur Zimmerman: Major Taylor autobiography p. 11.
19. “We are in favor of Zimmerman for president” Unidentified clipping: Arthur Zimmerman scrapbook: Monmouth Historical Society Freehold NJ.
19. June 11, 1869 birthday August Zimmerman: Zimmerman Abroad and Points on Training, John M. Erwin and A.A. Zimmerman (Blakely Printing Company 1895) p. 7.
19. “I liked it so well that I jumped into the game” Peter Nye: Hearts of Lions p. 43.
20. Twenty-nine bicycles, horses, carriages, and half dozen pianos: New York Times June 30th, 1893.
20. Zimmerman Raleigh stock: Outing: Illustrated Monthly Magazine of Recreation (1885-1906) September 22, 1893 p. 6.
20. Earnings estimate $10,000: David v. Herlihy, Bicycle (Yale University Press 2004) p. 252, sourcing Bicycle World, April 20, 1894 using $40,000. Authors believe this to be exaggerated and believe conservative figures are more likely.
20. “It was as if the man was mounted on rails so complete is the absence of wobbling and the semblance of effort.” Victor Breyer Journalist/Founding member L’Union Cyclist Internationale quoting French spectator: Peter Nye; Hearts of Lions (W. W. Norton and Company 1988) p. 43.
20. “He at present runs a chance of being pictured . . .” Unidentified clipping, Zimmerman scrapbook, Monmouth Historical Society Freehold, NJ Echoes From Europe Column.
20. “a light warm up spin with the boys” Harpers Weekly, April 11, 1896 p. 286.
20. Zimmerman’s scientific workouts: Stevens Point Daily, May 12, 1897.
21. Perhaps I can stand a little more than my share of rest: Zimmerman Scrapbook; Monmouth County Historical Association.
21. “I’ll go down and clean out that office if they don’t set me right in the matter,” Unidentified clipping, Echoes from Europe column: Zimmerman scrapbook Monmouth Historical Society Freeborn NJ.
21. “What happened to our eccentric riders, why doesn’t she ask Zimmerman” Ibid.
21. “you have not only won from our athletes their praises and honor”: Ibid.
21. “he was simply the best peddler of all-time” Peter Nye, Hearts of Lions (W. W. Norton and Company 1988): p. 43, quoting Victor Breyer Journalist/Founding member L’Union Cyclist Internationale.
22. Riders from as far away as South Africa: Indianapolis Sun August 24, 1893.
22. “a trunk full of gold and silver”: unidentified clipping Arthur Zimmerman scrapbook Monmouth Historical Society, Freehold, NJ.
22. “Z” Ibid.
22. Parade route lit up with Chinese lanterns: Ibid.
22. “the town is yours”: Ibid.
22. “I was always the friend of the struggling amateur”: Arthur Zimmerman scrapbook Monmouth County Historical Association.
23. “He was surprised when I told him of that feat.” Major Taylor Autobiography p. 11.
23. “crowds greater than turned out to greet the king” Arthur Zimmerman scrapbook: Monmouth County Historical Society, Freehold, NJ. Editor Referee July 2, 1892.
23. “I am going to make a champion out of that boy.” Major Taylor autobiography p. 51.
23. “I have told Major Taylor that if he refrains.” Major Taylor autobiography p. 50.
23. “Mr. Munger is an excellent advisor”: Ibid-p. 51.
24. “looked at thou peopled with harlequins of some other time and place” Indianapolis Sun August 24, 1893.
24. “It was the most ridiculous exhibition of them all”: Indianapolis Sentinel: August 25, 1893.
24. “While on my way out to the track on errand…” Major Taylor autobiography p. 11-12.
24. “I was especially impressed with the friendliness”: Ibid: p. 12.
25. “he is closely watched by hundreds of critics as if he were a favorite candidate for the derby”: unidentified clipping: Monmouth County Historical Association: Arthur Zimmerman scrapbook.
25. “I think I will set a world record today boys”: Indianapolis Sentinel, August 25, 1893: Arthur Zimmerman clipping from scrapbook Monmouth Historical Society Freehold NJ.
25. “Zimmerman shot by the grandstands like a stone from a catapult.” Indianapolis Sentinel, August 25, 1893.
25. “They might as well have chased a locomotive” Ibid.
Chapter 3
27. “Three States steamboat en route carrying 500 passengers to the scene”: Philip Dray: At the Hands of Persons Unknown: (Modern Library 2003) p. 91.
28. “My name is C.J. Miller…“ Ibid-p. 92.
28. “Hell fiend” Ibid-p. 90.
28. “This is the man who killed my daughters… Ibid-page 91.
29. “under the circumstance however, a hanging would be acceptable.” Ibid-p. 92.
29. “They were all that remained of a notorious character…” Ibid-p. 93.
29. “In Kentucky, this Christmas the favorite decoration of trees is strangled Negroes” Joe Drape: Black Maestro (William Morrow & Co.) p. 21.
30. Ida Wells-Barnett Negroes killed by whites since 1865 @ 10,000”: Phillip Dray: At The Hands of Persons Unknown, p. 49.
30. “20,000 killed by Klan over four-year period”: Ibid-p. 49.
30. “Reach a mile high if laid one upon the other” Ibid-p. 49.
30. “It was there I was first introduced to that dreadful monster prejudice” Major Taylor Autobiography p. 1.
30. “The White Caps” Phillip Dray: At the Hands of Persons Unknown; p. 143; Major Taylor autobiography p. 23.
30. “Why kill out the race by lynching when subordinancy…” Newnan Herald & Advertiser May 12, 1899.
30. Supreme court Judge Simeon Baldwin humanitarian policy” Phillip Dray: At the hands of Persons Unknown, p. 144.
31. “how my poor little heart would ache..” Major Taylor Autobiography p. 1.
31. “no discrimination against wheelman” Brooklyn Daily Eagle May 26th, 1894.
32. “whites only” Lima Daily News April 21, 1898.
33. “This would be a good spot for my competitors to carry out their dire threats” Major Taylor Autobiography p. 9.
34. Meeting to discuss colored cyclists: New York Times, October 10, 1892; The Newark Advocate, July 28, 1896.
34. Games of ten cent poker: Charles Sinsabaugh, Who Me.
34. “She made me promise I would never ride a road race again”: Ibid-p. 9.
35. “St. Louis Flyer” Ibid-p. 7.
35. “It was the first time in my life I experienced such a reaction” Ibid-p. 7
35. “he looks as thou he going to need it” Ibid-p. 7.
37. “Down in my heart I felt that if I could get a even break” Ibid-p. 7.
38. Taylor had spun off an unpaced mile in 2:09 on old horse track: The Sunday Herald Syracuse August 22, 1897.
38. “I can ride a wheel almost as fast as some of the cracks” Newark Daily Advocate August 14, 1900.
39. “With that little darkey” Major Taylor autobiography p. 13.
39. “He will return to this city as champion bicycle rider of America” Ibid-p. 13.
Chapter 4
41. Griebler buying baby shoes prior to race: Bearings: August 6, 1896.
41. “I’m going to win one of the races” Ibid.
41. “poor Joe Griebler”: St. Cloud Journal, July 30, 1896.
41. “frightful speed” Bearings: August 6, 1896.
42. “soft pillow-shoes, I’m awful sick”: Ibid.
42. “passed him with his face set and riding like a wild man.” Ibid.
42. “bicycle heart, eye, walk, face, twitch”: Ibid-p. 67, 69, 70, 71.
43. Taylor knowing of a dozen deaths on tracks: Major Taylor autobiography p. 421.
43. “glassy eyes”: St. Cloud Journal, August 1, 1896.
44. “How to be plump” Reinier Beeuwkes & Rhonda Poe (Routledge Publisher).
44. He must abstain from drugs and alcohol: Major Taylor autobiography p. 308.
44. “dope fiends paradise” www.a1b2c3.com/drugs/opi003.htm DL 11/20/06.
45. 1890’s, sixteen thousand newspapers Advertisements for Halls: www.bottlebooks.com/medicinf.htm History of Patent Medicines: The story of Halls Catarrh Cure: DL December 8, 2006.
45. Tom Cooper face on National Ads: Bearings: January 7, 1897.
45. Use of cocaine and strychnine: The Philadelphia Inquirer, December 11, 1898.
45. “The prevalence of the drug habit is now startling the whole civilized and uncivilized world”: www.druglibrary.org The Peril of the Drug Habit p. 9 DL December 8, 2006.
45. “You have to be a masochist to suffer so much”: VeloNews: A Permanent Addiction; Mike Schatzman May 28, 2007.
46. “The drink that relieves exhaustion”: Mark Pendergrast, For God, Country and Coca Cola, The Definitive History of the Great American Soft Drink p.60. www.firehorse.com.au/addict/cocaine.html DL12/09/2006.
46. “The public was very curious to learn what Choppy Warburton handed Linton in a cup” New York Times June 24, 1894.
46. Choppy Warburton suspension: Bearings July 4, 1898.
46. Reggie McNamara “Iron Man” Ted Harper: Six Days of Madness (Pacesetter Press 1993) p. 82.
46. “Chop it off” Ibid-p. 82.
47. “Only the clumsy get themselves killed”: Les Woodland; Pro-Cycling Magazine, November 2006 article titled, “Using Your Head.”
48. “Disposing of 200 yards of adhesive tape, ten gallons of witch hazel…” Ted Harper, Six Days of Madness, p. 47.
48. Thomas Edison Day incident: Ibid-p. 44, 45.
48. “Sometime riders appeared on the track, done up in bandages from head to foot” Washington Post: September 10, 1901.
48. Dan Pisceone death: Peter Nye: Hearts of Lions, (W. W. Norton & Co.1988) p. 103.
49. “spills” Author interview with Jack Visceo Honorary member Cycling Hall of Fame, January 2006.
49. “get em back on the bikes as quick as you can” Ted Harper: Six Days of Madness p. 49.
49. “If you didn’t ride, you didn’t eat” Author’s interview with Jack Visceo Honorary member Cycling Hall of Fame January 2006.
49. “If spills had done it, I’d been back riding in thirty minutes . . .” Ted Harper, Six Days of Madness, p. 49.
49. Bing Crosby picking up the hospital tabs for injured riders: Peter Nye: Hearts of Lions (Norton Publisher) p. 108.
49. “I’ll never forget the time I sat up operations”: Ted Harper; Six Days of Madness p. 72.
50. Charles Walthour twenty eight fractures of right collarbone . . .” Peter Nye: Hearts of Lions p. 72.
50. “is the most dangerous sport in the entire catalogue, by the side of it football appears a game fit for juveniles only”: The Washington Post: September 10, 1901.
50. George Leander death: Les Woodland, Pro-Cycling Magazine, November 2006 article “Using Your Head.”
51. The fate of Harry Elkes: Ibid: Sunday Review, Decatur Illinois May 31, 1903.
51. “I want to ride again tonight” New York Times: May 31, 1903.
51. “He will someday drop from his wheel a corpse”: Boston Daily Globe, July 30, 1901.
51. “it is the danger in the sport that makes it thrilling” The Washington Post: September 10, 1901.
51. “flash”: Robert Smith: A Social History of the Bicycle: p. 149.
51. Cost of personal trainer valet between eighteen and thirty dollars a week. Ibid.
52. “Let us be content to applaud these few cycle stars”: Bearings, November 18, 1897.
52. Griebler treatment for eye problems: St. Cloud Daily Times.
52. “a few more dollars for the kids” St. Cloud Journal: July 30, 1896.
52. “he was doubtless thinking of the prize money would gladden the hearts of the children at home” Ibid.
52. “Well, I expect you will see me brought back dead before two weeks are gone” Ibid.
53. Joe Griebler’s mother buries other son: St. Cloud Times, August 1, 1896.
53. Joe Griebler is dead, you notify his wife telegram: Ibid.
53. “If I don’t get killed before the end of the season I am going to quit” Ibid.
53. Albert Einstein reference: “The Noblest Invention,” Bicycle Magazine, 2003 p. 30.
54. “The machine appears uncomplicated but the theories governing its motion are nightmarish…” Ibid-p.28.
54. It can carry ten times its own weight and uses energy more efficiently than a soaring eagle: “The Noblest Invention,” Bicycle Magazine, 2003, p. 32.
54. “hearing the bell on the last lap is like a powerful drug” VeloNews: A Permanent Addiction Mike Schatzman May 28, 2007.
54. “When the spirits are low, when the day appears dark…” Arthur Conan Doyle, Scientific American Magazine January 18, 1896.
55. Salvators record 1:35.50 HarpersWeekly April 11, 1896.
Chapter 5
57. Pope Manufacturing largest employer New England: Stephen B. Goddard, Colonel Albert Pope and His American Dream Machines; (McFarland & Co.1941) p. 5.
57. huge appetite for food, wine, and women: Ibid-p. 1.
57. Address as colonel: Ibid-p. 52.
57. Captain in civil war: Ibid-p. 51.
58. self-promoter: Ibid-p. 5.
58. “giving the air a rich equine flavor” Ibid-p.72.
58. Fifty-acre Cohasset estate, Hartford penthouse, and Boston office: Ibid-p. 6.
58. 3800 high powered sales agents: Ibid-p. 113.
58. Roosevelt riding in automobile with Pope cycle secret service: Ibid-p-184.
58. high school drop out: Ibid-p. 102.
58. “good roads movement” Ibid-p 1.
58. made up of 800 parts, inspected 500 times, by 24 quality control inspectors: Ibid-p 87.
58. Henry Ford reported visits Pope manufacturing: Ibid: Biographer unclear as the exact dates or purpose.
58. “If the Carnegies and Rockefellers were captains of industry” Ibid-p. 68.
58. Worcester Cycle Company: 1896 Bearings Advertisement.
59. largest trust in the country: New York Times January 17, 1896.
59. The Boyd & Lady Worcester: New York Times April 12, 1896.
59. The mechanical wonders of the world” Ibid.
59. “general office 45 Wall Street” Ibid.
59. “These models bare out all that was promised of them” New York Times January 11, 1896.
59. “speed boy” Major Taylor autobiography p. 308.
59. Taylor residing with Munger & wife at Bay State house. Worcester Telegram: February 21, 1898.
60. stock rise $5.00-$75.00: p. 71.
60. “The Birdie special is the fastest wheel made” New York Times; May 31, 1896.
60. Taylor joints Albion cycling club: Major Taylor Autobiography p 16.
61. “I was pleased beyond expression…” Ibid-p. 14.
62. Famous George Street Hill climb: www.majortaylorassociation.org/events
62. “Everyone who knew him, knew he was the only guy…” Author’s interview with Worcester resident Francis Jesse Owens August 10, 2006.
62. Telegram Trophy Race: Worcester Telegram May 10, 1896.
64. “I was in Worcester a short time before” Major Taylor autobiography p. 14.
64. Taylor competes Irvington-Millburn race: New York Times May 31, 1896.
64. Black rider Simmons banned from racing: New York Times May 24, 1894.
64. Arthur Zimmerman presence: Irvington-Milburn race: Ibid May 31, 1896.
65. Ice water thrown in Taylor’s face: Major Taylor autobiography p. 17.
65. Taylor finishes twenty-third: New York Times May 31, 1896.
65. “For some of the many kindnesses he extended to me” Major Taylor autobiography p. 16.
65. Capital city track record: Ibid-p 6.
66. Taylor sets track record 2:11” Ibid-p. 6.
67. As thou he knew where he was headed: Author’s citation: Over his career, Taylor kept enough newspaper clippings to fill seven scrapbooks. Custody of Indianapolis History Museum. Taylor later used these to aid in writing his extensive 432 page Autobiography.
67. Boston: Great fire of 72: www.wikipedia.org Article DL 12/20/2006.
67. Details of Pope manufacturing fire: Boston Daily Globe: March 13, 1896; The Wheelman: Number 61 November 2002.
69. “colonel pope is tired of the small dealers and makers”: Robert A. Smith, A Social History of the Bicycle, p. 36.
69. Pay cut notices Munger manufacturing: Brooklyn Daily Eagle June 14 & 15 1896.
69. Pope slashes prices: New York Times, May 31, 1896.
70. Plessy v. Ferguson case: www.historycentral.com DL 12/18/2006.
Chapter 6
71. “Pop” www.oldandsold.com Article: William Brady-The Gambler from the West (originally published 1930) DL November 1, 2004.
71. “Alice Brady” Ibid.
71. U.S. Presidents from Grover to Cleveland: Ibid.
72. Mother named O’Keefe and a father named Brady: Ibid-p 13.
72. “kidnapping” www.americanheritage.com Richard Snow, American Heritage Magazine; American Characters: May 1980 DL January 24, 2006.
72. “We fought all the time on the bowery…” William A Brady: Showman p. 98.
72. “plenty of times I sat hungry…” Ibid-p. 15.
72. “whatever cash was rusteable” Ibid-p. 14.
72. “I never met the late Horatio Alger…” Ibid.
73. “I felt the west owed me and I was destined to own it” Ibid-p. 25.
73. “Including some that never existed…” Ibid-p. 30.
73. “If you couldn’t starve well on occasion…” Ibid-p.43.
73. “After Dark” Edward Van Every: Brady Made History with Corbett and Jeff, International Boxing Hall of Fame Canasta NY, May 1950.
73. “It gave me such a swelled head…” William A Brady, Showman p.35.
73. “It was the worst pup I was ever sold…” Ibid-p.70.
73. “I was a upstart pigmy…” Ibid-p. 71.
73. “Under the Gaslight” Ibid-p. 72.
74. “James J. Corbett Champion of the World” Ibid-p. 98-99.
75. “deadheads” Ibid-p. 92.
75. “the kind of voice a rattlesnake would have if it could talk” Ibid.
75. “ Feminine theatre goers…” Ibid.
75. Complaints from the hatter, booksellers, watchmakers etc: Joseph B. Bishop; Editor: New York Evening Post, Article; Social and Economic Influence of the Bicycle: June 20, 1896.
75. Brady attempts to buy St. Louis Browns: The Marion Daily, June 26, 1897.
76. “was not the tariffs, not the currency, not the uncertainty of the McKinley financial position, but the bicycle” New York Evening Post: June 2, 1896.
76. Formation of American Cycle Racing Association and tracks they control: The Cycle Age, May 5, 1898.
76. Brady controlled Rochester track”: UASP.
76. “Neither of these men were known to purchase a dead horse”: Minneapolis Journal, November 16, 1897.
77. “engage” Major Taylor autobiography p.308. Unclear who took this call, William Brady or James Kennedy?
77. “Royal Suite”: Williams A. Brady, Showman, p. 77.
78. “It would stir the whole of New York . . .” Robert Coquille French Sports Journalist as quoted in Major Taylor autobiography p. 308-309.
78. “no Irish need apply, drug abusing monkeys, violent drunken apes, white Negroes”: Harpers Weekly www.nde.state.ne.us/SS/irish/unit DL December 22, 2006.
78. “Black or not, he was as fine and intelligent a man as ever walked” William A Brady: Showman p. 82.
79. “one of the greatest innovators in entertainment” Peter Nye: The Six Day Bicycle Races p. 30.
79. “he has sworn vengeance against everybody in connection with those acts” New York Journal: August 27, 1897.
79. Taylor as member of South Brooklyn Wheelman and Calumet: New York Times: December 6, 1896.
79. Taylor assigned number thirteen: New York American, July 22, 1898; The Philadelphia Enquirer, September 23, 1898.
79. “The training was rather rough…” The Sunday Herald Syracuse: August 27, 1897.
80. “Those men who were supposedly in the fast bunch” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: November 27th, 1896.
80. “a fine race” New York Times: November 27, 1896.
80. “promising” Ibid.
Chapter 7
83. The Forgotten Depression: A Look at the Causes of the 1893 Depression; http://bbrown.info/writings/html/1893.cfm DL October 4, 2004.
83. “carnivals of revenge” http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/carnegie/gildedage.html DL December 10, 2004.
84. “full dinner pail” Patricia Daniels & Stephen G Hyslop, citing President William McKinley: National Geographic Almanac of World History p.274.
84. Average American earning $345 per year: www2.pfeiffer.edu Hill House Maps & Papers DL March 29, 2006 www.e-scoutcraft.com DL April 6, 2007.
84. Popularity of lantern parades: Bearings May 1896.
85. “separate but equal” Plessy-Ferguson Act www.historycentral.com DL December 18, 2006.
85. “but a state of mind” Herald Tribune Editorial 1925 Referenced Garden of Dreams: George Kalinsky, p. 18.
86. “to get gloriously fried” William A. Brady: Showman p.232-233.
86. “Little ink stained fellow”: The Kansas City Star, December 6, 1896.
86. “Dark Horse”: Fort Wayne Gazette, August 25, 1901.
86. Eddie “Cannon” Bald; Cycle Age and Trade Review April 28, 1898.
86. Belmonts at six day race: New York Times, December 10, 1896.
87. “a runaway African” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: December 6, 1896.
88. “screaming themselves hoarse” Ibid.
89. Taylor defeats Eddie Bald: New York Times: December 6, 1896.
89. “laughed and chaffed at him” Worcester Telegram: December 10, 1896.
89. “looked as though he had been up all night” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: December 11, 1896.
90. “The star of the race thus far is Major” Worcester Telegram: December 10, 1896.
90. Food intake six-day races: Ted Harper; Six Days of Madness p. 40.
91. “It’s just too easy” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: December 12, 1896.
91. “The wonder of the race is Major Taylor” New York Times: December 9, 1896.
92. “peevish and fretful” Unidentified clipping Major Taylor scrapbook: Indianapolis History Museum.
92. “you fellows want me to stay here until my legs drop off so you can sell it to the doctor.” Ibid.
92. “I cannot go on safely for there is a man chasing me…” Bearings: The Crackajacks Corner by F. Ed. Spooner December 24, 1896.
92. “thin and emancipated” Ibid.
92. “he didn’t care about brick and stones…” Brooklyn Daily Eagle December 13, 1896.
92. Teddy Roosevelt, New York Police Chief: Colonel Albert Pope and his American Dream Machine Stephan Goddard (MacFarland Press) p. 98.
92. “it was nonsense. he died prematurely burned out I suppose just a month shy of ninety one.” William A. Brady; Showman p. 228-229.
93. “Six Days of Madness” Ted Harper: Six Days of Madness Pacesetter Press
93. $37,000 gate receipts six-day race: Bearings: December 17, 1896.
93. Hotel Bartholdi meeting: Brooklyn Daily Eagle; December 14, 1896.
93. Payment in shining double eagles: Ibid.
94. “I still feel half starved” Ibid.
94. “swelled knees” Ibid.
94. “worked hard” Ibid.
95. “the highlight of the event was flashed in the bicycle world in the form of a veritable black diamond” The Referee: December 10, 1896.
95. “I feel very well considering” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: December 14, 1896.
95. “Major Taylor was none the worse for his ride” New York Times; December 14, 1896.
95. “Men and women who normally did not care for blacks…” Bearings; December 17, 1896.
95. “Black cyclone,” “Ebony Flyer “Black Whirlwind” “Ebony Flyer” “The Black Zimmerman” Major Taylor Autobiography: p 143.
96. Photo Taylor alongside several elite white riders: Major Taylor scrapbook; Indianapolis History Museum.
97. Taylor riding Stearns and Munger bikes: Bearings; December 17, 1896
98. “He is fairly modest, and not overly proud nor stuck up” Major Taylor autobiography p. 146; quoting Erie Dispatch article date unknown.
98. Bald slipping on resin: New York, Times, December 6, 1896.
100. “kill his sprint.” Major Taylor Autobiography p. 19.
100. “The colored boy is already making a stir” Bearings July 1, 1897.
100. Providence R.I. race: Boston Globe: July 24, 1897.
100. Taylor’s mother dies: Daily News, July 12, 1901.
100. “was cheered to the echo by the crowd in the grandstands” Philadelphia Record: May 27, 1897.
100. 6000 fans Reading Pennsylvania: Bearings: August 12, 1897.
100. “his coming out will cause a ripple of surprise” Ibid.
100. “Taylor is one of the pluckiest little fellows of his race” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: August 2, 1897.
101. Eight million spectators spent $3.6 million to watch 2,916 bicycle races: Lou Dzierzak, The Evolution of American Bicycle Racing, p. 20.
101. One million paying fans attend bike races: Brooklyn Daily Eagle July 14, 1897.
102. “around fifty-thousand fans Willow Grove: Ibid: The Baltimore Sun August 10, 1897; Brooklyn Daily Eagle August 8-9, 1897.
102. Special bicycle excursion trains: Philadelphia Record, August 7, 1897.
102. “century rides” Ibid.
102. adding extra railcars to house thousands of bicycles at no additional charge” The North Adams Evening Transcript: July 18, 1897.
102. Large delegations from Omaha, Indianapolis, and Saratoga: Brooklyn Daily Eagle July 30, 1897; Nebraska State Journal August 1, 1897.
102. Supreme court justices plead: Bearings August 12, 1897.
102. “filled to the roof” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: July 28, 1897.
102. Trainers sleeping on tables and desks: Chicago Daily Tribune: August 6, 1897.
102. Presses broke down: The Philadelphia Inquirer, August 8, 1897.
102. Largest crowd for any sporting event in American History: Brooklyn Daily Eagle; August 9, 1897.
103. “skin covered in perspiration and shining like polished ebony” Brooklyn Daily Eagle; August 7, 1897.
103. “The most startling feature of the meet” The Baltimore Sun: August 10, 1897.
104. 100,000 cigars lit: Bearings August 1897.
104. “The league of the American Wheelman owned the town” New York Times: August 1, 1897.
104. “little Taylor the colored boy is surprising the whole country with his game riding” Brooklyn Daily Eagle August 2, 1897.
104. “Wheelman’s night” Philadelphia Press; August 6, 1897; New York Times August 2, 1897.
104. “yes the wheelman own the town and some of them seem to think they own the earth” Philadelphia Press; August 7, 1897; The Trenton Evening Times August 2, 1897.
105. Governor’s of every New England State presence: Daily Eastern Argus: August 19, 1897.
105. Lee Richardson cycling trick rider: Ibid: August 20, 1897.
105. “Horses and bicycles don’t jibe very well” Portland Evening Press: August 10, 1897.
105. “The graceful young rider has captured the hearts of the fairer sex” Ibid.
105. The horseman did not take kindly to the bicycle boys” Ibid.
105. Twenty thousand fans: Brooklyn Daily Eagle: August 21, 1897.
106. “Being owned by the horseman who have no love for the wheelman was left in a very rough state” Bearings: August 26, 1897.
106. “abashedly” Daily Eastern Argus: August 21, 1897.
106. “Roasted the boys pretty hard” Portland Evening Press: August 10, 1897.
106. “The position of the Negro is a trying one…” Bearings: September 16, 1897.
106. “easily the rider of the day” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: September 11, 1897.
107. “I have a dread of injury”: Worcester Telegram, September 20, 1897.
107. “A little more exercise might cure you”: UASP.
107. “I know of no reason the boys should be against me…” Ibid.
107. “considering the length of time he has been in the game…” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: August 2, 1897.
108. “It’s a pity that the old fogies” The Massillon Independent: September 10, 1896.
108. “tough as a pine knot.” The Steubenville Herald; September 7, 1896.
108. “play to the crowd” Bearings: January 1897.
109. “The black cloud led the way” Bearings: September 16, 1897.
108. Twenty-five thousand Springfield crowd attendance: Bearings, September 15, 1897. **Authors believe this estimate may have been exaggerated by Bearings.
109. “they have threatened to injure me…” Worcester Telegram September 20, 1897.
109. “Taylor, Taylor” The Daily Eastern Argus: September 11, 1897.
110. Becker choking incident: Boston Globe: September 24, 1897.
111. “nearly twenty minutes” New York Times; October 3, 1897.
111. “I was too badly injured to start” Major Taylor autobiography p. 20.
111. “Someone ought to give him a sound thrashing”: Cleveland Gazette, October 2, 1897.
112. “The Negro in Racing.” New York Times; October 3, 1897.
112. “Recover the manhood he seems to have lost”: The Philadelphia Inquirer, October 3, 1897.
112. “Becker will undoubtedly be punished with a lengthy suspension…” Bicycling World: October 1, 1897.
113. “to rule over the riders with a rod of iron” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: May 20, 1897.
113. “a mere disqualification from a race was too small a punishment…” Naugatuck Daily News: September 7, 1897.
113. Taylor arriving late Cleveland race: Boston Daily Globe, September 26, 1897; Washington Post, September 26, 1897.
113. “When racing men begin to kill each other”: Washington Post, September 6, 1897.
113. Becker no suspension: The News: Frederick Maryland; September 25, 1897.
113. Paltry $50 fine: Brooklyn Daily Eagle; September 28, 1897.
113. “They were willing to identify themselves”: Philadelphia Inquirer, October 3, 1897.
114. “I found that the color prejudice was not confined to the south…” Major Taylor Autobiography p. 20.
114. “caused more animated discussion than any event this year” New York Times: October 3, 1897.
114. “the southern meets would never stand his entry” Bearings: September 9, 1897.
114. Reference to special bicycle excursion trains: Iolanthe and Pickwick” Bearings; September 30, 1897.
115. “little Pete” Bearings: November 18, 1897.
115. “The colored boy thought discretion the better part of valor” Boston Globe: October 13, 1897.
115. Blacks barred from Fountain Ferry track: Boston Globe: October 17, 1897.
115. Bearings drawing criticism for including Taylor on thermometer: Bearings: August 19, 1897.
115. “I shall go to France, for there I can hold my own and will be thought something of maybe.” Boston Globe: October 13, 1897.
116. Worcester Cycle Manufacturer demise: Brooklyn Daily Eagle, August 4, 1897, November 2, 1900.
117. “beautiful Parisian women” Arthur A. Zimmerman: Zimmerman Abroad and Points on Training; The Bicycle Girl in Paris p.40-49.
117. “Taylor Yearns For France” New York Times; November 17, 1897.
Chapter 9
119. “was written up in more newspapers than Teddy Roosevelt” William A Brady, The Fighting Man: p. 152.
119. “always trying to find a champion” William A. Brady, Showman p. 207.
119. “Billy Brady has always had plenty of admiration for the colored boy” New York Journal: August 27, 1898.
120. “the homestead” Brooklyn Daily Eagle May 2, 1898.
120. “Taylor will not lack proper encouragement to race…” Unidentified clipping; Major Taylor scrapbook, Indianapolis History Museum.
120. Willis Troy, trainer extraordinaire; Brooklyn Daily Eagle June 28, 1895.
120. “I’m out to whip the champions this season…” Worcester Telegram undated clipping Major Taylor scrapbook: Indianapolis History Museum.
121. Best dressed man in the peloton: Newark Daily Advocate July 11, 1898: Clothing description: Linda McShannock Minneapolis Historical Society, December 1, 2006.
121. Eddie Bald as lavish dresser: Brooklyn Daily Eagle, August 9, 1899.
121. “Camp Thunderbolt” Brooklyn Daily Eagle April 21, 1897.
121. “I think the change to a warmer climate will improve my health”: UASP.
121. John Street Baptist Church; Reverend Hiram Conway: Melbourne Daily Telegraph, January 7, 1903.
121. Major Taylor adult baptism: Philadelphia Inquirer, January 1, 1898.
122. “place where there is no mud on streets because of the high temperature” Robert A. Smith A Social History of the Bicycle p. 72 referencing: J.B. Bishop (editor of New York Evening Post) Article: Social and Economic Influence of the Bicycle, Forum August 1896 pp 680-689 requested HCL 12/22/06.
122. “all members who have had their teeth filled with gold or who rode bicycles” Ibid-p. 75.
122. “watchful eye, full brotherhood” Boston Globe: January 2, 1899.
122. “a closer communion with God” Robert Smith: A Social History of the Bicycle; p. 73.
123. Reverend John Shaw canonizes the inventor if only he knew his name.” Ibid-p 73.
123. “I have the satisfaction of believing”: Melbourne Daily Telegraph, January 3, 1903 Interview with Major Taylor.
123. “I am glad to say I am a Christian” Ibid.
124. “we have no intention of pacing a nigger,” Savannah Press: March 19, 1898.
125. “Alright then, if you won’t pace me, I’ll pace you.” Ibid.
125. “Mister Taylor, if you don’t leave here before 48 hours you will be sorry” Ibid.
125. “White Cappers, tarred and feathered” The Philadelphia Record: August 8, 1897: New York Times: March 13, 1898: Major Taylor autobiography p. 23.
126. “Cowardly writer”: UASP.
126. “Major Taylor de coon rider from de north . . .” Savannah Press: March 19, 1898.
126. “It is useless for a colored person to attempt to get along in the south” New York Reporter: Unidentified clipping: Major Taylor scrapbook Indianapolis History Museum.
126. Brady sends telegraph to Taylor: UASP.
126. Luke 6:27 King James Bible www.mybiblescripture.com DL January 23, 2007.
127. “He gave the circuit chasers to understand…” New York Journal: August 28, 1898.
127. “must suffer with the others.” Unidentified clipping Major Taylor Scrapbook; Indianapolis History Museum.
127. “To step on Brady’s toes intentionally…” New York Times: January 8, 1950.
127. “unjust discrimination” Major Taylor autobiography p.24 quoting unknown newspaper.
128. “I beg to assure the gentleman that any time the Major enters a race” Unidentified clipping: Major Taylor scrapbook: Indianapolis History Museum.
128. “the promoter who could debar a good drawing card like Major Taylor” Ibid.
128. “I am not in favor of barring Taylor…” Philadelphia Press; April 12, 1898.
129. “He rides so low”: UASP.
129. “They can’t outride me anyway”: New York American, July 22, 1898.
129. Seven thousand fans: Ibid. Philadelphia Press; July 17, 1898.
129. “the idol of the meet” Ibid.
129. “Taylor, Taylor” Ibid.
130. Chairman Mott double-barreled opera glasses: Cycle Age July 21,1898.
130. “The nerve of the men in doing teamwork right under the eye of the chairman” Ibid.
130. “Leave the boy alone and he will land a winner every time.” Unidentified clipping Major Taylor scrapbook Indianapolis History Museum.
131. “He can beat any of them in a match race” Cycle Age July 21, 1901.
131. “the hero of all boyhood” Major Taylor autobiography p. 51.
131. Zimmerman near deadly case of Mexican Fever: Cycle Age: June 9, 1901.
131. Lack of racial prejudice Arthur Zimmerman: Major Taylor autobiography p. 12.
132. “I am very anxious to see you win the event…” Arthur Zimmerman quote; Major Taylor autobiography p. 52.
132. Jim Corbett starter for race: Cycle Age: July 28, 1901.
132. Papa Zimmie at race: UASP.
132. “No group of racing horse ever faced.” Major Taylor autobiography p.52.
132. “crossed the tape fully ten lengths ahead of Bald, three time winner of the Championship of America” Philadelphia Press: July 17, 1898.
133. “Our friend Birdie Munger was right about you” Major Taylor autobiography p.53.
133. “he shared the honors with Major Taylor”: Boston Globe: July 28, 1898.
133. “I have never seen a more happy man in my life than Arthur A. Zimmerman” Ibid.
Chapter 10
135. Brady cabled lucrative offers-of $1000 or more-to the “big four”, Bald, Gardiner, McFarland and Kiser.” Worcester Telegram Sept 20, 1897.
135. “I will match Major Taylor with any man…” Cycle Age: July 28, 1898.
136. “I want to race these men but they chose to ignore me entirely”: Boston Globe: July 31, 1898.
136. “would affect him socially” Major Taylor Autobiography p. 42.
136. “race of truth” Bicycle Racing Terminology: www.amgentourofcalifornia.com DL January 27, 2007.
136. Description Brady as fighting man: The Fighting Man; William A. Brady p.45.
136. “Midget” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: February 20, 1897.
136. “the athletic marvel of the century” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: September 28, 1898.
136. “minors” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: April 21, 1897: The Trenton Evening Times: August 2, 1897.
136. “Michaels opponents laughed out loud…” William Brady: Showman p. 225.
137. “invincible” New York Times: December 25, 1897.
137. “guaranteed minimum of $22,500” Cycle Age: April 28, 1898.
137. “Take a spill off a speeding bicycle on a hardwood track…” William A. Brady Showman p. 224.
137. Taylor receives Brady’s telegraph ordering him to New Jersey: UASP.
137. Jim Corbett training grounds: UASP; New York Times, September 1898.
138. President McKinley receives Jimmy Michaels at White House: Cycle Age: January 1897.
138. “I dare say, no bicycle race that was ever conducted in this country…” Major Taylor autobiography p. 43.
138. “was the cutest thing they ever saw” William A Brady: Showman p. 225.
138. “made so much money and received so much adoration from the ladies his head was badly turned” Ibid.
138. Brady makes side bet with Michaels manager Dave Shafer: The Sun: August 28, 1898; Brooklyn Daily Eagle: August 30, 1898.
138. Picture bicycle accordion fans: Major Taylor autobiography p.53.
139. “I have seen enthusiast gatherings at bike tracks” Major Taylor autobiography p. 47.
139. “bounding about like a rubber ball.” The Sun: August 28th, 1898.
139. “Taylor cried out to his pace men for more speed; but the pace was too much-all five men completely spent.” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: August 28, 1898.
140. Michaels was hissed by the crowd: The Decatur Review: August 28, 1898.
140. Jersey thirteen: New York American, July 22, 1898.
140. “I am announcing a sweeping challenge for another match race between these two men for a purse of $10,000 . . .” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: August 28, 1898; The Sun: August 28, 1898.
140. “The wildly popular challenge: The Philadelphia Inquirer, August 28, 1898.
140. “just a little present from one good sport to another” Major Taylor autobiography p. 49.
140. “we were always having a bottle of Champagne.” William A. Brady Showman p. 141.
140. “Those fine sportsman who paced me . . .” Major Taylor autobiography p 49.
140. “I want to thank your paper”: The New York Sun, August 1898.
140. “Was like an electric shock to many who did not believe a colored man could win.” New York Sun: August 30, 1898.
141. “I knew I had a world-beater.” Major Taylor autobiography p. 43.
141. “Coming as it did just after the unsuccessful efforts of certain race managers to debar him…” Unidentified New York newspaper reference Major Taylor autobiography p. 49.
141. T. Laing manager St. Louis Circuit City track: Brooklyn Daily Eagle: October 8, 1898.
141. “rebels” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: September 19, 1898.
142. Secret ballot: Syracuse Standard, November 4, 1898.
142. Meeting Trenton NJ: Formation American Racing Cyclist Union: New York Times: September 27, 1898: Worcester Telegram: September 26, 1898, Nebraska State Journal: September 27, 1898.
142. “the most historic day in cycling history”: Boston Globe; September 23, 1898.
142. “anxious” Hotel operator trying to ban Taylor; Cycle Age: October 6, 1898.
142. New organization: American Racing Cyclist Union: Philadelphia Press, September 26, 1898.
142. Refused lodging twice in Connecticut: Worcester Telegram, September 23, 1898.
143. “busy bees” Philadelphia Press: July 17, 1898.
143. “It’s against my religious scruples” Major Taylor autobiography p. 29.
143. Taylor winning percentage .517: Boston Globe: October 9, 1898.
143. Taylor beats Eddie Bald ten out of twelve times: Cycle Age: September 1, 1898.
143. “There are a few followers of the colored boys.” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: September 26, 1898.
144. “It is now a case of black and white” Boston Globe: October 9 1898.
144. Local citizens sign paper asking Taylor entry be permitted: Boston Globe: October 14, 1898.
144. Taylor eating in kitchen: Syracuse Standard, November 4, 1898.
145. Firing of black waiter: Major Taylor autobiography p. 29-30.
145. “Where local opinion permits, there shall be racing on any day of the week” Philadelphia Press: July 17, 1898.
145. “But we entered into a gentlemen’s agreement” Major Taylor autobiography p. 20.
146. Description Cape Girardeau incident: The Daily Northwestern: March 16 1901.
146. Taylor loses $10,000 in endorsements: The Washington Post: October 2, 1898.
146. Riders laugh at Taylor: Syracuse Standard, November 4, 1898.
147. Bible quote: John verse 14:27 www.mybiblescripture.com DL January 27, 2007.
147. “payment of lofty $400 fine” Worcester Telegram: May 28, 1898.
147. Taylor considered unofficial champion: Taylor’s autobiography, p. 27.
148. “I am in a good position to comment on the relative speed. . . . If it were possible to make him white all the boys would gladly assist in the job.” Unidentified Philadelphia newspaper comment by cyclist Howard Freeman referenced in Major Taylor autobiography p. 59-60.
148. Brady’s group wanting to cash in on Sunday racing: The Philadelphia Press, October 19, 1898.
148. Tom Cooper 1895& 1899 American Champion: New York Times: August 15, 1896; Cycle Age: June 20, 1901.
149. “Orient; offer to pay Taylor him $500 for each world record and $10,000 if he brought the mile record under one minute thirty seconds.” New York Times August 5, 1899; The Star November 16, 1898; Major Taylor autobiography p. 67.
149. Taylor obliterating 1/4, ½, ¾, 1 mile world speed records: Ibid-p.68.
149. “teeth were chattering from the cold” Boston Globe: November 13, 1898.
150. “It is a serious fact that last week, when the horse was monarch in New York . . .” The Evening Democrat: January 25, 1899.
150. “with it came the sublime thrill that was beyond the power of words to express.” Major Taylor autobiography p 67.
150. “unhampered he is simply the fastest man on the track.” Quote: William A Brady Unidentified New York paper referenced in Major Taylor autobiography p. 43.
Chapter 11
151. “married Grace George” Article: Richard F. Snow, American Heritage Magazine: April/May 1980.
151. “a real man should be known as a fighting man.” William A Brady, The Fighting Man (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1916).
151. “had a soft spot for Brady, the man with irons in the fire.” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: July 17, 1901.
152. Taylor on chainless bicycles: Brooklyn Daily Eagle: Nov 4, 16, 24, 1898: Cycle Age & Trade review, 1898.
152. “Every colored man and women is proud of Major Taylor, the champion bicyclist.” Pittsburgh Press: December 11, 1899.
152. Taylor handing out pamphlet’s cycle show Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune: January 8, 1899.
152. “You cannot imagine how much good it has done me” Cycle Age: July 1900.
152. “He demonstrated he can talk a wheel”: Philadelphia Inquirer, February 25, 1899.
153. Taylor tendency to ride dangerously close to pole: Boston Globe; January 18, 1901 & April 19, 1908.
153. “I do not get half enough sleep for I think all the time about those Montreal races” Boston Globe: August 3, 1899.
153. Taylor in Chicago with Birdie Munger: Major Taylor autobiography p. 78.
154. Blacks were barred from the NCA: Brooklyn Daily Eagle: May 19, 1899.
154. “The most unsportsmanlike move on record.” Ibid.
154. signing with Stearns: UASP.
155. “restore the supremacy of the white race,” Rick Knott: The Jack Johnson v. Barney Oldfield match race of 1910; What it says about race in America: January 2005 DL www.findarticles.com February 15, 2007.
155. Headquarters of sin between Chicago and Denver; Quote by Richard Ruhnke Ottumwa Iowa Public Librarian: Interview January 20, 2007.
155. “blind tigers” Steve Welker: Ottumwa recalls ‘red light’ days; Ottumwa Courier: July 1, 1976.
155. “303” Ibid.
155. “The road to hell” Ibid.
155. “Battle row” Ibid.
155. “The Klu Klux Klan was said to linger there”: Richard Ruhnke: Ottumwa Iowa Librarian: Interview January 20, 2007.
155. Stormy Jordan pouring whiskey on sidewalk to attract customers: Wapello County History: Self published by Ruth Sterling 1986 Sutherland Printing Montezuma Iowa.
155. “Taylor is a queer specimen, he is supremely arrogant…” Major Taylor autobiography referencing unidentified Ottumwa newspapers report on him p. 81.
156. “marble hearted…crowd did not like him” Ibid-p.78.
156. “something on the order of that lawn party and the skunk business.” Ibid-p. 81.
156. “I guess I spoiled their little party” Ibid-p. 81.
156. For that seedy job he sent Frank Gately: January 24, 1900.
156. “Little Chicago” Ottumwa Courier: July 1, 1976.
157. “Black Whirlwind” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: December 1, 1898.
157. “I have never received the benefit of a close decision.” Major Taylor Autobiography p. 77.
157. “most of the outlaw men are has-beens . . .” Montreal Daily Star: August 7, 1899.
157. Bald, Todd Sloan, lover of flesh pots” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: December 24, 1898; August 9, 1899.
157. “white flyer” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: June 16, 1897.
157. Ashinger Velodrome Builder: Brooklyn Daily Eagle: August 8, 1899.
158. Bell Telephone Company; Montreal Daily Star: August 10, 1899.
158. Montreal Mayor deemed it a civic holiday: Brooklyn Daily Eagle: July 17, 1899.
158. Governor General gave patronage: Ibid: July 24, 1899.
158. Race Headquarter Windsor Hotel; Ibid: July 17th, 1899.
158. Goldsmiths creating special medals; Ibid. July 17, 1899.
159. Henry Sturmeny a giant of a man; Montreal Daily Star: August 1899.
158. Waltham Massachusetts rail station one hundred riders waiting: Montreal Gazette: August 14, 1899.
159. ICA banning waiting NCA riders: Brooklyn Daily Eagle: August 9, 1899.
159. “give us Major Taylor and we can run the meet…” Montreal Gazette: August 7, 1899.
159. “He is a very pleasing looking boy with looks as soft as velvet” Montreal Daily Star: August 10, 1899.
160. “bicycle excursion trains.” New York Times: August 12, 1897.
160. Five thousand people being turned away: Major Taylor autobiography p. 87 quoting unknown Montreal Daily.
160. Forty thousand fans attendance World Championships: 12,000 The Herald; August 9, 1899, 13,000 Montreal Gazette; August 10, 1899; 12,000 Montreal Gazette; August 14, 1899; 11,000 The Montreal Herald August 11, 1899; some estimates were over 50,000, Le Velo; March 12, 1901.
160. “like a row of prisoners before the bar of the recorders” Montreal Daily Star: August 10, 1899
160. “official press organizer” Montreal Daily Star: August 11, 1899.
161. Every single man, women and child rose in unison: Montreal Daily Star: August 10, 1899.
161. Referee William Inglis; Ibid.
162. W.C Petrie inventor of photo finish: North Adams Transcript: February 10, 1898.
163. Grose’s Secret service present: Montreal Daily Star: August 10, 1899.
163. “well, alright, if that is your verdict gentleman I shall have to abide by it” The Montreal Gazette: August 10, 1899.
163. “There was only one mistake and it is extremely difficult to account for and that was why Major Taylor was deprived of a race that he won.” Ibid August 10, 1899.
163. “I was very nervous because I knew full well…”Major Taylor Autobiography p 89,90.
163. “Blessed are the meek” Matthew 5:5 King James Version Bible.
165. “the crowd fearing that their dark skinned boy began to be a little demonstrative” Montreal Star: August 11, 1899.
165. “The hold Taylor has taken upon the sympathies of the people in the grandstand is something wonderful” Ibid.
166. “I shall never forget the thunderous applause…” Major Taylor autobiography p. 92.
166. Even though next to the article in a Montreal paper praising him for his world championship title there was a article about another lynching back home: The Gazette Montreal: August 14, 1899.
166. “My National anthem took on a new meaning” Ibid-p.92.
166. “The Major hasn’t found his master”: UASP.
166. “Despite that joyous demonstration. . . . regret” Ibid: p 92.
167. “Eddie McDuffie dropping the world one mile record to 1 minute 21 seconds.” Ibid: p. 78.
167. “Taylor 1 minute 1.9 seconds one mile world record” Chicago Daily News November 18, 1899.
169. McDuffee retires from cycling: Chicago Daily Tribune: November 19, 1899.
169. “The colored boy who has astonished the world” Worcester Telegram: February 21, 1900.
169. “Major Taylor the wonder is now back home.” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: December 1, 1898.
169. Taylor and Bert Hazard stop at Sager’s: Worcester Telegram, February 9, 1900.
Chapter 12
171. ‘Shovelors’ earning twenty cents per hour. Brooklyn Daily Eagle: March 2, 1900.
171. Massive snowfalls dump 60 inches on New York: www.islandnet.com DL February 8, 2007.
171. Horses getting electrocuted due to snowstorm: Brooklyn Daily Eagle: February 28, 1900.
171. Northeastern seaboard was virtually cut off: Brooklyn Daily Eagle: March 1, 1900.
172. Little Hope for Major Taylor: Worcester Telegram: February 21, 1900.
172. NCA’s ban on blacks: Brooklyn Daily Eagle: May 19, 1899.
172. Taylor hires Attorney William Allen: Worcester Telegram: February 21, 1900.
172. “I fear my sentiments do not meet with favor in the minds of the majority of the officials of that body.” Ibid.
172. Massachusetts flooding eight feet deep: Brooklyn Daily Eagle: March 2, 1900.
172. Horses drowned in their stables: Ibid.
173. “Major Taylor’s chances of reinstatement into the NCA are just about one in a thousand” Worcester Telegram: February 21, 1900.
173. “Thus far they have resolutely refused to consider Taylor’s case” Ibid.
173. “If favorable action is not secured Taylor’s career as a racing man is ended” Ibid.
173. Continental Hotel in Newark New Jersey discussion of Taylor ban” Worcester Telegram: May 11 & 29th, 1900.
173. Advertisement Major Taylor sponsored bicycles: Cycle Age & Trade Review June 1898.
173. Advertisement Major Taylor fans: Major Taylor autobiography p. 53.
173. Advertisement Major Taylor name on cigarette package: Unidentified Australian newspaper clipping, Major Taylor scrapbook, Indianapolis History Museum.
173. “I and Stevie” Boston Globe: July 23, 1899; July 8, 1900.
174. “Almost certain defeat stares him in the face” Worcester Telegram: February 21, 1900.
174. Taylor billboards: Taylor’s autobiography, p. 140.
174. “The riders have drawn the color line, it is unconstitutional, un-American, unsportsmanlike…” Worcester Spy: April 29, 1900.
174. “If the NCA wants the endorsement of every fair minded lover of sports of the country it had better strike out that word “white” in its rules and strike it out quick.” Unidentified newspaper clipping Major Taylor scrapbook: Indianapolis History Museum.
175. NCA $500 fine and Taylor Payment: Worcester Telegram: May 29, 1900 p.6.
175. Purchasing home under assumed name: The Daily Northwestern: March 16, 1901.
176. “$2850 price paid for home” Worcester Telegram: January 24, 1900.
176. Cornelius Maher local realtor: Ibid.
176. “ideal residential locality” Unidentified clipping Major Taylor scrapbook; Indianapolis History Museum.
176. Is he a good Yankee? Worcester Telegram: January 24, 1900.
176. What’s his name? Ibid.
176. “you’ll see him soon enough” Chicago Daily Tribune: February 4, 1900.
176. “what do you mean by this outrage” Ibid.
177. “I consider it an injury to me to have him come in and squat down on my plot against my will.” Worchester Telegram: January 24, 1900.
177. “I don’t know why I haven’t as much right to buy a little place as any man in town.” Unidentified Worcester newspaper clipping: Indianapolis History Museum.
177. “There must be democrats out at Columbus Park” Worcester Telegram: January 24, 1900.
177. Taylor as registered republican: Worcester Telegram: November 28, 1899.
178. “How about it Major” Worcester Telegram: November 30, 1899.
178. “If I was married I didn’t know when it happened” Worcester Telegram: November 20, 1899.
178. “Just the work of some of those paragraphers” Ibid.
178. “they are always making me married” Ibid.
178. Description Daisy’s clothing: Linda McShannock Minneapolis Historical Society: St. Paul MN.
178. Daisy Victoria Morris, graduate of Hudson Academy: The Colored American Magazine: September 1902 p. 344.
179. “new women” Robert Smith: A Social History of the Bicycle. American Heritage Press p.76.
179. “a bicycle was a better matchmaker than a mother” Ibid: New York Herald: Date unknown: p. 79.
179. “bicycling by young women has helped more than any other media” Chicago Tribune: July 5th, 1896.
179. women weren’t capable of controlling a bicycle: Bucks County Gazette: July 29, 1897.
179. “weaker sex” Robert Smith: Social History of the Bicycle, American Heritage Press p. 65.
179. “heating of blood” Ibid-p. 65.
179. “it would be just as sweet and pleasant to make love to a women” Minneapolis Tribune August 17, 1895.
179. “cycling had come along just in time to rehabilitate the American women.” New York Herald: June 13 & 27, 1897.
180. “nervous force was wearing out.” Ibid.
181. Iver Johnson contract: The Cycle Age: October 25, 1900; The Bicycling World and Motorcycle Review, May 23 & 30, 1901; The Cycle Age and Trade Review December 20, 1900; Fitchburg Sentinel: April 3, 1901.
181. “The colored whirlwind is almost elephantine”: UASP.
182. Johnnie Fisher from Chicago: Worcester Spy: June 24, 1900.
182. Major Taylor Is Losing His Laurels: Ibid.
182. Frank Kramer: Born November 21, 1880: Fort Wayne Daily News: September 21, 1915.
182. Kramer retires for bed exactly nine o’clock each night: Velo News: January 15, 1996 by Peter Nye.
182. Kramer coming down with tuberculosis: Fort Wayne Daily News: September 21, 1915.
183. “He would earn as worldwide reputation as Arthur Zimmerman” Boston Globe; June 10, 1900; New York Times June 3, 1894
183. “Kramer is expected to clean up the whole bunch.” Major Taylor autobiography p.115.
183. “Kramer was riding like the wind” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: July 1, 1900.
183. If I ever meet Kramer in a match race”: The Colored Magazine, 1902, p. 342.
183. “Frank Kramer is the king-pin” Ibid: April 30, 1900.
184. Bookmakers: money chaser: Ibid. August 26, 1901.
184. “Experts pick Frank Kramer” Major Taylor autobiography p. 114.
184. “On the whole, Major Taylor is King Pin” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: July 1, 1900.
184. Frank Kramer legacy twenty-one years professional 1-year amateur: Peter Nye; Hearts of Lions, p.110.
184. Tom Cooper NCA champion 1899; Brooklyn Daily Eagle: December 1, 1899.
185. “July 13, 1900 Milwaukee $1000 purse” Ibid: July 14, 1900.
185. “interurban’s” www.indianahistory.org DL February 21, 2007.
185. Taylor toasted at banquet: Cycle Age, August 11, 1898; Chicago Tribune, August 10, 1898.
186. Civil War Grand Army Uniform descriptions: Linda McShannock Minneapolis Historical Society; December 9, 2005.
187. Description Newby Oval: Cycle Age and Trade Review June 30, 1898.
187. “Well son, there is one thing I don’t understand” Major Taylor autobiography p. 122.
187. “The innocence of old age.” Ibid: p 122.
187. “You can’t use my name sonny” Ibid: p. 141.
188. “You will go back to using your real name of Marshall and immediately refrain from using Major.” Ibid: p. 141.
188. “But I can’t stop all the kids in town from using my name.” Ibid: p. 142.
188. “You have performed on the race tracks of this country” Ibid: p.142
188. “I will uphold the proud name of Major” Ibid: p. 142.
188. Vailsburg Frank Kramer 10,000 fans, 1900” Ibid: p. 129 referencing Newark Dailies: July 5, 1900 New York Times: July 1, 1900.
189. “greeted with a storm of applause” Major Taylor autobiography p. 118.
189. “astonished cycle fans” Ibid: p. 118.
189. “the neatest rider who sits in a saddle” Ibid-p. 126 quoting unknown New Bedford newspaper.
189. “If America is to have a white champion this year” Ibid: p. 124 referencing unknown Buffalo Newspaper August 2-5, 1900.
189. “showed very plainly why the pro’s of this country took such care not to permit him to mettle against them” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: July 5, 1900.
189. Agitating for a match race to settle the issue once and for all: Ibid.
190. “Brady, I’ve been mixed up in cycling, boxing and the stage…” Mansfield News: April 17, 1901.
190. “they are really just smelling machines” William A. Brady: Showman: p. 47.
190. “the politicians were simply not getting there’s out of the big money in cycle races” Ibid: p. 228.
190. “I will never understand why Roosevelt signed that bill since he was both intelligent and a lover of sport.” Ibid: p. 229: Fighting Man, William A. Brady p. 159.
190. “They were veritable mints for their promoters” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: April 15, 1899.
190. The Collins Bill: Brooklyn Daily Eagle: April 15, 1899.
190. “Madison’s” www.cyclingnews.com DL February 21, 2007.
191. Taylor vs. Cooper: New York Journal: December 8, 1900.
191. Brady ACRA organization sponsoring Taylor/Cooper match race: The Washington Post: December 9, 1900.
191. “Bawb Tawm will now proceed to hand your little darkey…” Major Taylor autobiography p. 162.
191. Cooper financing Henry Ford: Henry’s attic; Wayne State University Press.
191. “If ever a race was run for blood, this one was.” Ibid: p. 165.
192. “standing on benches, tables, chairs and the railing to see the finish” New York Times: December 16, 1900.
192. “Taylor was simply toying with Cooper.” Robert Coquelle Editor Le Velo January 21, 1901; Referred to Major Taylor autobiography p 166.
192. “I have never seen a more humiliated pair of Tom’s in my life” Major Taylor autobiography p. 165.
192. ‘It is a fearfully hot pace” New York Times: December 12, 1900.
192. “name your terms” Major Taylor autobiography p. 165.
192. Taylor breaks two world records: New York Times: December 15, 1900.
193. “60,000 fans showed up six day race 1900” Ibid Dec. 9-15, 1900.
193. “will beat you as he has beaten all cyclist” Cycle Age: December 1900.
Chapter 14
195. Le Velo: French Cycling ‘daily’ Publication started by Pierre Giffard in 1892; ceased publishing November 1904: Info from Hennepin County Librarian, Minneapolis MN February 27, 2007.
196. “the fastest sprinter in the world” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: March 26, 1901.
196. Taylor a skilled boxer: Major Taylor autobiography; p. 272.
196. French racing legend: Cassingnard; A bronze bust statue of Cassingnard surmounts a pillar of marble overlooking the City of Bordeaux France where all of France honors his memory: Zimmerman Abroad and Points on Training by J. M Erwin and A. A. Zimmerman The Blakely Printing Co. 1895 p. 116-117.
196. Bourrillon: Major Taylor, the King of the Cycle, his Affearance and Career by Paul Hamelle and Robert Coquelle. Major Taylor autobiography p. 304.
196. Constant Huret: www.wikipedia.org DL February 17, 2007.
196. “When I have beaten everyone in speed, I feel the need to take on the rest of them to see what they have in their guts” Unidentified French article (in file).
196. Jacquelin clobbering other riders: Cycle Age, May 1901.
196. “Surprises, demoralizes”: The Philadelphia Inquirer, March 14, 1897.
196. “incorrectness of attitude” Cycle Age: May 19, 1901.
197. “unusual pleasures” of the Parisian night: Bearings: July 22, 1897.
197. “second rater” Boston Globe: January 13, 1901.
197. Jacquelin wins final of Grand Prix easily: Cycle Age: July 12, 1901.
197. As Jacquelyn’s managers: Worcester Telegram: January 10, 1901.
197. “pickaninny” Chicago Daily Tribune: May 4, 1898.
198. “It is the big sport, they go wild over cycle races in Paris” New York Times: July 27, 1900.
198. Refuses $15,000, Major Taylor Won’t Ride on Sunday: Worcester Telegram: Nov 29, 1899; The Daily Gazette: October 9, 1899.
198. Taylor’s coming, Taylor’s not coming: The Daily Northwester: March 16, 1901.
199. “Unless the champion is”: Cycle Age, April 28, 1898.
199. Gertrude Taylor buried April 20th 1900: Sue Staten, Staff Genealogist Crown Hill Cemetery Indianapolis, Indiana.
199. “I stand today just where I stood a year ago, and hope to stand a year hence” Worcester Telegram: December 21, 1899.
199. “all we had was just what we needed” New South Wales Baptist, undated 1903 clipping in Taylor scrapbook. Reprinted in Sydney Telegraph, January 7, 1903 due to overwhelming public interest in the subject.
199. “Taylor’s conscience still troubles him” Bangor Daily Whig and Courier: February 13, 1900.
199. “I have given up on France…” Boston Globe: February 5, 1900.
200. Thirty times the average Americans income for an entire year's labor: http://www2.pfeiffer.edu Hill House Maps & Papers DL March 29, 2006.
200. “immortalized in Carerra marble”: UASP.
200. “I am pleased indeed to know that there are still a few Christians left who possess the courage of their convictions” North Conway Reporter: April 5, 1900.
200. Everyday Taylor rolled into town to pick up another offer: Major Taylor autobiography p. 166.
200. “Mile-a-minute Murphy”: Scientific American, July 15, 1899.
201. Eddie Bald; “Twig of Laurel”; Brooklyn Daily Eagle: October 25, 1898.
201. Bald receiving ten to twenty letters a day from women wanting to be heroine: Cycle Age: May 5, 1898.
201. “a solitary and silent figure loomed up in the gloom of the auditorium in the middle isle” Brooklyn Daily Eagle October 25, 1898.
201. “stage struck, I collapsed” Ibid.
201. Vaudeville home trainers Charlie Murphy: Major Taylor autobiography p. 157.
202. Taylor at Keith’s theatre: Worcester Telegram: January 10, 1901.
202. “How do you like America?” La venue en France de Major Taylor, Cyclette-Reveue (Paris), March and April 1944.
203. “I believe in the saying that ‘a mother’s prayer will last forever,’ and I honestly believe it’s my mother’s prayers that are standing by me now” The Wheel: June 10, 1900.
203. Edison’s Vitascope: www.cinematreasures.org DL February 27, 2007.
203. All he could offer was $3000: Worcester Telegram: January 10, 1901.
203. Cutting off all negotiations with him and that he was going to devote all his energies towards managing his French legend: Ibid.
203. “All sorts of people have come to me—learned clever men—and tried to argue with me that Sunday racing is not wrong” New South Wales Baptist, undated 1903 clipping in Taylor scrapbook. Reprinted in Sydney Telegraph, January 7, 1903 due to public interest in the subject.
203. Brady stepped in negotiating $5000 European contract with no Sunday racing: Peter Nye: Hearts of Lions p.62.
204. European riders returned home mobbed by reporters asking questions about Taylor: Worcester Telegram: February 9, 1900: Major Taylor autobiography p. 166.
204. Contract to race Europe signed January 2, 1901: Le Velo, January 3, 1901.
204. Taylor on Contract. Great Sprinter Is to Ride All Europe: Worcester Telegram: January 10, 1901.
204. Jacquelin training at hippovelodrome: The Fort Worth Register, February 10, 1901.
204. “Let him come”: UASP.
204. Jacquelin owning apartments with servants: The Philadelphia Inquirer, January 21, 1897.
204. Jacqueline to name his donkey-sized dog Major: UASP.
204. Taylor leaves on Kaiser Wilhelm der Gross: New York Times: March 6, 1901.
204. William Buckner trainer: The Daily Northwester: March 16, 1901.
204. Charlie Miller, friend of William Brady: William A. Brady, Showman; p.228.
204. Accommodations on Kaiser Wilhelm de Grosse: www.greatoceanliners.com DL December 2, 2005.
205. charming mulatto: La Vie au Grand Air.
205. Most universally admired passenger: UASP.
205. Kid McCoy on board: UASP.
206. Investigation: Taylor on ship using assumed name” The Daily Northwestern: March 16, 1901.
206. “France is cabling frantically” Ibid: March 16, 1901.
206. “the bronze statue”: Le Velo, January 21, 1901.
Chapter 15
207. Major Taylor arrives Cherbourg France: Journal: La Vie au Grand Air, “Life Outdoors My Tour In Europe” by Major Taylor, May 4, 1901.
207. Taylor seasickness problems: Ibid.
207. Cluster European Journalist greeting Taylor in Cherbourg: Ibid.
207. Taylor wanting ship to turn back to New York: Ibid.
207. “Not since the great Zimmerman had a sports figure been so highly anticipated” “Le Negre a Paris”: Le Velo, March 12, 1901.
207. Customs employees ignore other passengers: UASP.
208. “They say he’s the best man in the world. Well, when I’m in form, we’ll see how I measure up to him right enough.” Ibid.
208. “Before I left home I swore to God that I would never race on the Sabbath, and I don’t like the idea of going to hell.” Ibid.
208. “La Belle Epogue . . . the beautiful period” www.clubmoulinrouge.com DL December 2 2005.
208. Pamphlet: Right to be lazy” http://debs.indstate.edu DL March 8, 2007.
208. Twenty-seven thousand cafes: www.clubmoulinrouge.com DL December 2, 2005.
209. Le Chabanais brothel” www.expatica.com DL October 5, 2004.
209. ‘selection salon’ Ibid.
209. Visiting wheelman,” claimed one historian, “marched through the entrée as thou they were kicking tires on a shiny new bike” Author Interview: Jack Visceo Cycling hall of fame, January 2006.
209. Brothel Patrons: Ernest Hemingway, Humphrey Bogart, Marlene Dietrich, Cary Grant, Britain’s King Edward Bertie” www.iafrica.com DL December 14, 2005.
209. French artist Henry de Toulouse-Lautrec Le Chabanais Address: www.metropoleparis.com DL March 12, 2007.
209. Japanese room wins award in Universal Exposition 1900: www.iafrica.com DL December 14, 2005.
209. Madame Kelly, high society Jockey Club; Ibid.
209. “pointy nose” “George the Cavalryman” Ibid.
209. Eroto-cycle: www.metropoleparis.com DL March 12, 2007.
210. “It has been three years”: “The Flying Black Major Taylor” by Robert Coquille, La Vie au Grand Air, March 10, 1901, pp. 130-131.
210. “Major Taylor has a happy facility of keeping in the public eye about as prominently as any theatrical star ever did.” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: August 2, 1901.
210. “Taylor’s arrival in France the heroic guardian of the Sabbath…” Worcester Telegram: May 8, 1901.
210. Taylor arouses curiosity all the more, and is surrounded by mystery because of the color of his skin.” Ibid: Major Taylor autobiography p. 307, 317.
210. “No man had ever been presented to the public in a more flattering fashion” Unidentified French article.
211. “Major Taylor is one of the most beautiful athletes you will ever meet”: “The Flying Black Major Taylor” by Robert Coquille, La Vie au Grand Air, March 10, 1901, pp. 130-131.
211. Reporters amassing at Hotel Scribe: UASP.
211. Newsroom overwhelmed: UASP.
211. “La Future Madame”: La Vie au Grand Air, May 4, 1901.
211. “who came to see me and looked at me right in the eyes”: La Vie au Grand Air, “My Tour in Europe” by Major Taylor, May 4, 1901.
211. “are blacks not seen in Paris he asked” Ibid.
211. everything from his birthday suit to a tuxedo: Unidentified French article.
211. Picture Major Taylor Henri Fournier: La Vie au Grand Air, May 4, 1901; Cycling and Outing; May 11, 1901.
211. Ominbuses wandering pitifully on the Champs Elysees” Ibid.
211. “The people of Worcester will be rather surprised to see me come back on a 16 Horsepower”: Ibid.
212. “The Europeans were absolutely crazy over him” Interview with Taylor’s trainer William Buckner: The Daily Northwestern: July 18, 1901.
212. Description Café Esperance: Zimmerman Abroad and Points of Training Interest by J. M. Erwin and A. A Zimmerman p. 33-37.
212. Presence of Famous French racers Huret, Bourillion & Morin at Café Esperence with Taylor and Jacquelin: Boston Globe: April 7, 1901.
213. Confetti tossed on the boulevard: UASP.
213. “You have splendid big legs” “Yes but yours are much prettier” “ That may be so but yours are so much stronger than mine. But suppose yours are quicker than mine.” Cycle Age: April 4, 1901. Boston Globe: April 7, 1901.
214. “A man comes to me and says, have a glass of beer, have a glass of wine” Sydney Daily Telegraph: January 7, 1903; quoting New South Wales Baptist article titled “Thirty-thousand Dollars for Conscience Sake”.
214. “there was such a big crowd on hand I thought there was a race meet on”: La Vie au Grand Air, May 4, 1901: Le Velo, March 16, 1901.
214. “On a bicycle his position is not disgraceful”: “The Flying Black Major Taylor” by Robert Coquille, La Vie au Grand Air, March 10, 1901.
215. “I do whatever pleases me”: La Vie au Grand Air, May 4, 1901.
215. “I am not superstitious” The Daily Northwestern: April 4, 1901.
215. “is said to attract the greatest delight…” Ibid.
215. “It strengthens the muscles and increases considerably the breathing” Journal: La Vie au Grand Air: Life Outdoors My Tour of Europe By Major Taylor: May 4, 1901.
216. Vive Taylor, Vive Taylor: Le Velo May 4, 1901.
216. Taylor takes in sites, Automobile Club, Palace de le Concorde: La Vie au Grand Air, May 4, 1901.
216. Reported claims Taylor one of them: UASP.
216. “They were throwing all kinds of money at him” Interview with Taylor’s trainer William Buckner: The Daily Northwestern: July 18, 1901.
216. Sleeper number 13: La Vie au Grand Air, May 4, 1901.
216. “The earth under Germany shook”: Rad-Welt, June 1, 1901.
217. Cold weather being a factor in Taylor decision to hesitate racing in France: Major Taylor autobiography p. 171.
217. fair weathered racer: The Referee, May 22, 1901.
217. Willie Arend preparations: The Referee, May 22, 1901.
217. Language barrier: The Daily Republican, August 2, 1901.
217. “If Americans are to go to France in numbers”: Ibid.
217. “They are not of the same class as the top four or five French riders” Ibid.
218. “When the American aces go near Europe they vanished like smoke” Major Taylor autobiography; Reprint from booklet “Major Taylor, The King of the Cycle, his affearance and Career” By Paul Hamelle and Robert Coquille p. 317.
218. “Watch on the Rhine” Major Taylor autobiography p. 171.
218. German chancellor and high military personnel attend race: Rad-Welt, June 1, 1901.
218. “that’s one of the greatest demonstrations I have ever seen on a bicycle track.” Ibid: p. 171.
219. “The sky seemed to be against our shivering son” Major Taylor autobiography; Reprint from booklet “Major Taylor, The King of the Cycle, his affearance and Career” By Paul Hamelle and Robert Coquille p. 317.
219. Taylor beats Arend out by twenty lengths: Brooklyn Daily Eagle: April 12, 1901: Cycle Age: May 20, 1901.
219. “The French Champion Jacquelin is the only sprinter in Europe who can defeat the man” The Flying Black Major Taylor by Robert Coquille La Vie au Grand Air: March 10, 1901: Cycle Age: May 1901.
219. five hundred star struck fans escorted Taylor back to the train station: Andrew Ritchie: The Extraordinary Career of a Champion Bicyclist p. 171.
219. “Nothing was missing to make me happy, flowers thrown at his feet” La Vie au Grand Air: May 4, 1901.
219. Crowd marching to Taylor’s hotel demanding he make appearance: Andrew Ritchie: Out of the Shadows, A Biographical History of African American Athletes; David K Wiggins Editor. p. 31.
220. Buckner wearing cowboy hat: Picture La Vie au Grand Air: May 4, 1901.
220. “I have never before met such a gentleman in every respect of the word” Cycle Age: May 20, 1901.
220. “My friends” Le Vie au Grand Air: May 4, 1901.
220. “I have the greatest of confidence in him Taylor referring to Buckner” Ibid.
220. Taylor’s left pedal hits concrete almost causing him to crash: Ibid.
220. “Room thirteen please” Ibid.
221. Taylor beats Grognia twice: The Referee, June 5, 1901.
221. Grognia Belgium National Champion undefeated on home track: Cycle Age: April 19, 1901.
221. “Alas, the new Zimmerman for whom we have waited” Cycle Age: May 1901.
221. “They gazed at the little Major and seemed not to understand whether he was an ordinary human being or a man having some kind of 4-5 horsepower motor in his body” Cycle Age: May 2, 1901.
221. “that part of the world hadn’t seen such fanaticism since the tulip craze” Author Interview: Cycling Hall of Famer Jack Visceo January 2006.
221. “he didn’t care to make his defeats too apparent” Cycle Age: May 1901.
221. “He’s the most marvelous racing man I have ever seen…” Cycle Age: May 1901.
221. “Groggy”: The Referee, June 5, 1901.
221. Major Taylor will have to ride faster than he ever did” Boston Globe: January 13, 1901.
222. “Taylor, was awaited like the messiah” Le Velo: January 27, 1901.
222. “civil” La Vie au Grand Air: May 4, 1901.
222. marble monument of the much-revered French hero Cassignard: Zimmerman Abroad and Points of Training Interest by J. M. Erwin and A. A Zimmerman p. 114.
222. “Neither the living or the dead could take exception to taking residence in Bordeaux” Ibid: p. 116.
222. Largest crowd ever seen in Bordeaux: Cycle Age: May 20, 1901.
222. “democratic” Zimmerman Abroad and Points of Training Interest by J. M. Erwin and A. A Zimmerman p. 115.
223. “flying Negro Volant” La Vie au Grand Air: November 1, 1898.
223. Riot in the stands Bordeaux France: New York Times: May 4, 1901: Naugatuck Daily News: May 4, 1901: Boston Globe: May 4, 1901.
223. “A French crowd is the most amiable thing extent, up to the point where it becomes convinced that an imposition is being practiced” Zimmerman Abroad and Points of Training Interest by J. M. Erwin and A. A Zimmerman p. 83.
223. “deplorable fiasco” Cycle Age: May 1901.
223. Ferrari and 333 meters in 20:1/5 second: Cycle Age: May 20, 1901.
224. “Besides five or six days that were passable, it rained constantly” La Vie au Grand Air: Life Outdoors My Tour in Europe” May 4, 1901 by Major Taylor.
224. Strummed the mandolin: La Vie au Grand Air: May 4, 1901.
224. “I’m an African not a European” Andrew Ritchie: The Extraordinary Career of a Champion Bicycle Racer; No source listed.
224. “spectator trains” Unidentified French article, in file.
224. “He is as much talked about as the premier”: Cycle Age, May 1901.
225. “What would I have to do to convince these half dozen stubborn journalist” Unidentified French article.
225. “Now they were going to unearth a Negro?” Ibid.
225. “He will have to undergo a miraculous change in form if he expects to defeat Major Taylor” Cycle Age: May 1901.
225. Major Taylor as spectator to Ellegaard race: Cycle Age: June 20, 1901.
225. Taylor 5-1 odds: Cycle Age: May 12, 1901.
225. Taylor wriggles into grandstand to watch Jacquelin Ellegaard match Nantes France: Cycling News: June 4, 1901.
225. Tire tape: Fort Worth Register, January 6, 1901.
225. “You will eat that American up next Thursday” Ibid.
225. Could not be had at even money” Ibid.
225. “If you think this darkey scares me”: UASP.
225. Interminable calculations: Unidentified French clipping.
225. Muscles of Taylor and Jacquelin examined: UASP.
226. “The French populace had gone practically crazy over the coming meets” Boston Globe: April 28, 1901.
226. “Those who are familiar with Jacqueline and understand the pedestal pose” The Sun: May 16th, 1901.
226. Taylor keeping scrapbook of newspaper articles: Ibid.
226. Tickets selling at twenty times face value: Cycle Age; May 1901; The Daily Northwestern: April 25, 1901.
Chapter 16
227. Dull and threatening weather: Cycler’s News, May 25, 1901.
227. Most anticipated sporting event in history: Unidentified French article: Cycle Age: May 1901.
228. “Major Taylor is having little trouble to trim the riders on the other side of the ocean” Naugatuck Daily News: May 14, 1901.
228. “all interest in cycling await the result with the keenest of interest . . .” New York Sun: May 16, 1901.
228. “Taylor is already more popular than Zimmerman was. Should he defeat Jacquelin I cannot venture to predict to what length people will go” Cycle Age: May 20, 1901: The Daily Northwestern: April 25, 1901.
228. People began gathering at the gates as early as six-o’clock in the morning: Cycle Age, May 1901.
228. Special trains: Ibid.
228. Sojourns over dusty roads: Cycle Age: May 27, 1901.
228. Ten access gates to Velodrome: Unidentified French Article.
228. Booth cost $16.00: Cycle Age: May 27, 1901.
228. infield seats $20: Ibid.
228. Vanderbilt’s and other wealthy bettors: Boston Globe: May 19, 1901.
229. Twelve Paris dailies, six with money on Taylor six on Jacquelin: Cycle Age May 27, 1901.
229. Track manager Desgrange hollering “No more” Ibid.
229. “Twenty eight thousand people” New York Times: May 17, 1901; Brooklyn Daily Eagle: May 16-17, 1901; The Portsmouth Herald: May 20, 1901; Chicago Tribune May17, 1901.
229. Five thousand fans outside: UASP.
229. Race start time Three-thirty p.m.: Chicago Tribune, May 16, 1901.
229. Jacquelin superstition about entering track first: Unidentified French article.
229. Picture Jacquelin eyes glaring down, chin up: La Vie Illustree, May 24, 1901, Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris.
229. “I do remember getting a kick out of seeing my adversary…” Unidentified French article.
230. “The silence was sublime” Cycle Age: Sport and Pastime: May 1901.
230. Jacquelin fell flat on his side: Ibid.
231. metal from his monster machine began bending: Unidentified French article.
231. Jacquelin 104 inch gear; Cycle Age: April 4, 1901.
231. Taylor 92-inch gear; Major Taylor autobiography p. 78.
232. masses waving hats, handkerchiefs, canes and umbrella’s: Cycle Age: May 1901.
232. Jacquelin defeats Taylor: New York Times, May 17, 1901; The Town and Country, July 6 and 13, 1901; Table Talk, June 27, 1901.
232. Jacquelin crossing the line a length in front: Cycle Age: May 1901.
232. “a scene which beggars description”: Cycler’s News, June 5, 1901.
232. tore after “prince of sprinters” with the force of a tidal wave: Unidentified French article.
232. Fans knocking over railings: UASP.
232. “acted as thou crazy” Cycle Age: May 1901.
232. fans could not utter a single word: Ibid.
232. “There is no way to describe it, it was as if some strong electric battery…” Cycle Age: Sport and Pastime, May 1901.
232. Band-playing Marseilles: Ibid.
233. “Villainous grimace” Ibid.
233. “Down with Taylor” Ibid.
233. Picture of Taylor leaving track in abject dejection: Cycler’s News, June 4, 1901: Titled “The Nigger, Major Taylor after his defeat by Jacquelin”.
233. Taylor sobbing: Cycle Age: May 1901.
233. “The turmoil had no precedence” Cycle Age: May 1901.
233. Picture Jacquelin after race: Cycler’s News, June 4, 1901.
233. “The flying Negro beaten”: La Vie Illustree, May 24, 1901.
233. “It was the most perfect speed event in the history of cycle racing” Cycle Age: Sport and Pastime May 1901.
233. “Jacquelin thumbed his nose at me”: Le Velo, May 18, 1901 Major Taylor autobiography p 176.
233. “was a warm day” Major Taylor autobiography p. 175.
Chapter 17
235. “I thought I had beaten Taylor so convincingly there would be no question of a revenge match. But if he wants one I am at his disposal whenever and wherever he wishes.” Le Velo, May 18, 1901.
236. “There was no more likable athlete than Major Taylor and he did not deserve that kind of treatment.” Journalist Maurice Martin, La Vie Illustree, May 24, 1901.
236. “The French promoters calculate that if Jacquelin should defeat Taylor” New York Sun: May 16, 1901.
236. “pretty” French actresses present at race: Cycle Age: May 1901.
236. largest throng to attend single day sporting event: Ibid.
236. “If they had them at the time, the whole continent would have had their ears pressed against a noisy vacuum tube radio, listening” Author Interview, Jack Visceo Cycling Hall of Fame; January 2006.
236. Taylor having met President Teddy Roosevelt: “Major Taylor, The Forgotten Champion” by Ted Carol, Our Sports Magazine, August 1953; Autobiography p 422.
236. Brady preparing Grand Prix races modeled after events Paris: Cycle Age: May 15, 1901.
237. “It is believed on this side of the Atlantic, he can ride the legs off anyone who has ever sat on a bicycle saddle” The Sun: May 19, 1901.
237. “the cycling athletes of this country still have faith” Ibid.
237. Be strong and courageous: www.myscriptures.com Deuteronomy Chapter 31:6. Exact bible reading at the time unknown: It is general knowledge Taylor kept a bible with him at all times.
237. Picture Taylor a study of quiet confidence: Parc des Princes: May 27, 1901 Jules Beau collection, Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris.
238. Taylor snapping pictures of Jacquelin with brownie camera: Le Velo, May 29, 1901.
238. “The Frenchman had the same arrogant smile as he mounted his wheel.” Major Taylor Autobiography p. 177.
238. “For the first time in his life someone had to wipe that big smirk of his Gallic face.” Author Interview: Jack Visceo Cycling Hall of Famer, January 2006.
238. Euro riders loafing: Fort Wayne Gazette, August 25, 1901.
239. “There is something mysterious about his power, and that mystery is itself a potent force.” Interview with Paul Hamelle by Robert Coquille, Le Velo, March 16, 1901.
240. First time Jacquelin cut to pieces: The Referee, July 24, 1901.
240. Daisy writing letters: scrapbook, Indiana Museum.
240. Taylor defeats Jacquelin: Los Angeles Times, May 28, 1901; New York Times, May 28, 1901; The Referee, July 1901; Table Talk, July 11, 1901.
240. Taylor being covered in bouquet of roses: Major Taylor autobiography p. 180.
240. “The redoubtable Jacquelin has been vanquished…” Lincoln Evening News: November 16, 1901.
241. Delancey Ward silver loving cup: Cycle Age: June 13, 1901.
241. 625,000 copies sold: Le Velo, June 13, 1901.
241. “New York Times circulation of just around 100,000 at the time.” Madison Square Garden 100 Years of History: Joseph Durso p. 93; Hennepin County Library: April 5, 2007.
241. Paris gendarme waiving off Taylor speeding ticket Le Champione; Worcester Telegram: December 18, 1926.
241. Knights of the track: Table Talk, June 27, 1901.
242. “Do the honor of sharing a drink with me”: Le Velo, May 29, 1901.
242. “Abstinence gives him spiritual pleasures”: La Vie au Grand Air, March 10, 1901.
242. “Considering the thrashing he just received Jacquelin probably finished the bottle himself” Author Interview: Jack Visceo Cycling Hall of Famer, January 2006.
242. long tasteful poem dedicated to Taylor: Cycle Age: April 11, 1901.
243. Taylor nearly broke down as he discussed his past treatment in the south: Cycle Age: March 28, 1901.
243. “whetted knives” Naugatuck Daily News: May 14, 1901.
243. Brady leasing Manhattan Beach track, making offer to foreign riders: Cycle Age: May 15, 1901.
243. Taylor defeats Jacquelin in open race: The Daily Northwester, July 18, 1901; The Referee, July 1901; Table Talk, July 18, 1901.
243. Taylor wired home cable to Brady he would head home June 28, 1901. Lincoln Evening News: June 21, 1901: Brooklyn Daily Eagle June 15, 1901. New York Times June 22, 1901.
243. “I received enough flags to tapestry my bedroom”: Chicago Tribune: June 29, 1901.
244. One of the world’s richest men went unnoticed: Ibid.
244. “Hullo my Baby”: La Vie au Grand Air, “My Tour in Europe” by Major Taylor, May 4, 1901.
244. “Remarkable singing voice” Ibid.
244. “messiah” Le Velo January 27, 1901.
Chapter 18
245. “Deutschland ship leaving France to New York” Le Velo: June 29, 1901.
245. Taylor arrives New York goes direct to Manhattan Beach track July 4, 1901: Naugatuck Daily News: July 4, 1901.
245. “Brady always does things on a big scale” Trenton Times: July 26, 1901.
245. “Wretched sailor”: UASP.
246. Taylor rides exhibition spin: New York Times: July 5, 1901.
246. Band plays way down Dixie: Andrew Ritchie: The Extraordinary Career of a Bicycle Rider: p.187.
246. Taylor Dr. Comey vaccination: Naugatuck Daily News: July 12, 1901.
246. “Rest and hydrate or face the possibility of a more serious illness” Worcester Telegram. August 2, 1901.
246. “shake hands without a look of agony on his face” Bearings: June 24, 1897.
246. “sick or not, tell him he must ride at once or he will be blacklisted” Cycle Age: July 18, 1901; Trenton Times: July 11, 1901; The Portsmouth Herald: July 11, 1901.
247. “when Zimmerman returned from overseas in similar condition a few years before no one dared to even question the returning superstar.” Cycle Age: July 18, 1901.
247. “public sympathy seems to be with the rider and not the National Cycling Association” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: July 15, 1901.
247. Taylor threatens to quit racing on American tracks: Naugutuk Daily News: July 12, 1901.
247. “You can put this down”: Daily News, July 12, 1901.
247. “Taylor was just being arrogant and pigheaded” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: July 15, 1901.
247. “A champion has got to put up with such things” Ibid: July 15, 1901.
247. Taylor so ill he can’t leave his house: Boston Globe: July 11, 1901.
247. Taylor appearance Hotel Hueblein with Batchelder until 1:30 in the morning: The Colored American Magazine, September 1902, p. 337. Boston Globe: July 16, 1901.
248. “You have the alternative of being kicked out or walking out quietly, incident Vanderbilt Hotel” Brooklyn Daily Eagle August 2, 1901; Worcester Telegram: August 2, 1901.
248. “What are you doing at that desk, get out of here” Ibid.
248. “I guess you don’t know who I am” Ibid.
248. Taylor switches to Yates Hotel, inflated price: Ibid.
248. “take his meals in his room” Atlanta Constitution: August 1, 1901.
249. “In all my travels over this country and Europe I have never been hurt more personally” Worcester Telegram: August 2, 1901.
249. Taylor threatens to sue hotel through his attorney Sam Packard: Ibid.
249. “Black whirlwind, white flyer” Major Taylor autobiography p. 34.
249. Buffalo Exposition crowd size, Taylor handicap win over Lawson: The Anaconda Standard: August 16, 1901. The Washington Post: August 16 & 18, 1901.
249. As Taylor train sped out of Buffalo, President McKinley last breath sighed into Buffalo. New York Times: September 15, 1901.
250. “Trim the nigger” Major Taylor autobiography p. 188.
250. “Many times the toss of a coin would decide which one would bring me down.” Ibid: p. 187.
250. “None of the track owners were satisfied with the way Kramer had acted and did not believe the riders had given him a fair shake.” The Colored American Magazine, September 1902, p. 339.
250. “perceptible limp” Atlanta Constitution: September 8, 1901.
250. “Whetted Knives” Naugatuck Daily News: May 14, 1901.
250. Taylor renting rooms away from track to avoid listening to bad language: The Colored American Magazine, September 1902, p. 338.
251. Taylor toe-clip broke: Ibid: p.337.
251. “hard luck” Naugatuk Daily News: September 29, 1901.
251. “The track promoters do not believe that the man lives that can defeat Taylor in an honest match race” Hartford Times: Quoted in The Colored American Magazine, Sept. 1902, p. 341.
251. “there was ill will between Kramer and myself.” Major Taylor autobiography p. 201.
251. Brady match race offers: Brooklyn Eagle, July 14, 1901; Taylor’s autobiography, p. 201.
251. “Trial of the century causing 100,000 rise in circulation New York Times” Madison Square Garden 100 Years of History Simon and Schuster p. 93.
251. It’s the one ambition of Kramer’s life”: Trenton Times, July 26, 1901.
252. “Taylor had blood in his eyes” Booklet: Major Taylor, the King of the Cycle, his Appearance and Career” By Paul Hamelle and Robert Coquelle, Major Taylor autobiography p 314.
252. One thousand five hundred watts of power possibility: Bob Williams, Director of National Sports Center Velodrome: Blaine MN; April 11, 2007.
252. “Whenever his knees began to wobble I knew he was in trouble” Ibid: p. 222.
252. Taylor defeats Kramer: Los Angeles Times, September 27, 1901.
252. “The spectator were obliged to admit, the real champion was not the one to hold the title” Booklet: Major Taylor, the King of Cycle, his Appearance and Career” By Paul Hamelle and Robert Coquille Major Taylor autobiography p. 314.
253. “my good friend, William Brady the present theatrical producer in New York always stood ready to make good on his offers.” Ibid: p. 201.
253. “demanded the presence of Major Taylor” Ibid: p. 204. Quoting Victor Breyer: Interview by sport writer of unidentified New York daily.
253. Announcement Taylor to leave for Europe racing: Trenton Times: December 20, 1901.
253. “I consider Major Taylor the greatest racer and drawing card of them all” Ibid: p. 204.
253. “I am delighted to sign him up again . . .” Ibid: p. 204.
253. Description Taylor marriage, Reverend Taylor: The Colored American Magazine, September 1902.
254. “The world’s fastest man” Reference Iver Johnson promoting bikes: The Cycle Age and Trade Review: October 25th, 1900; Fitchburg Sentinel: April 5, 1901.
254. Iver Johnson informs agents: Taylor’s autobiography, p. 155.
254. “I am absolutely convinced that his riding our wheel was a most profitable advertising investment” Cycle Age: July 22, 1901.
254. “Taylor literally annihilated”, the world champion Ellegaard: Le Auto-Velo, date unknown.
255. Jacqueline declines match with Taylor: The Colored American Magazine, September 1902, p. 342.
255. “He was looked upon as an idol and when he took departure for his native shores it was with universal regret.” Major Taylor autobiography p. 204; quoting Interview with Victor Breyer in unknown New York daily.
255. “The pastime took on a new lease on life.” Ibid: p. 204.
255. Taylor turns down offer to race in South America: Boston Globe: September 1, 1901.
255. Tour de France first prize money $ 20,000: Town & Country Journal: March 18, 1903.
255. Batchelder sends rep to Grand Central Station: The Colored American Magazine, September 1902, p. 342.
255. “Taylor rule” Major Taylor autobiography p. 210.
256. “Is there no way to prevent detestable tricks” New York Sun: July 30, 1902 Reprinted in The Colored American Magazine, September 1902.
256. Victory on borrowed bike Ottawa: The Ottawa Journal: August 4, 1902; The Citizen Ottawa Canada: August 4, 1902.
256. “Whether the skin color should be white or black he is entitled to what he is worth…” Major Taylor autobiography p. 224.
256. “Throughout this season Major Taylor has been harassed to a point of desperation by these cheap fellows…” Ibid: p. 225.
256. “With anything like a fair show or an equal chance” Ibid: p. 225.
257. Taylor defending himself from McFarland with 2x4: Major Taylor autobiography p. 228.
257. “When it is considered that he divides his winnings with no man, nor teams up with anyone, as others do, the reason for his unpopularity by circuit riders is quickly detected.” Naugatuck Daily News: September 28, 1901.
257. “That was the first time in my career I ever lost my head…” Major Taylor autobiography p. 228.
258. Taylor Daisy denied meals at three different restaurants on way to Newark’s Vailsburg track: Major Taylor autobiography p. 225-226.
258. Lithographic displays in windows throughout the city: Cycle Age: September 1902.
259. “Whetted knives” Naugatuck Daily News: May 14, 1901.
259. “I was satisfied I could never again regain my American championship title with the entire field of riders…” Major Taylor autobiography p. 232.
259. “his will be the last black face probably ever seen in the professional cycling ranks in America” Atlanta Constitution: December 28, 1902.
Chapter 19
261. “Huge Deal” Frank Van Straten: Huge Deal: The Fortunes and Follies of Hugh McIntosh (Lothian Books 2004).
261. Never before and never since, anywhere in the world had one man poked his prodigy fingers into so many pies” Ibid; Introduction.
261. “a distinctive blend of charlatan, genius, dreamer and bandit.” Australians-Nine Profiles and Norman Lindsay, the Embattled Olympians; Writer: John Hetherington; Reference on McIntosh titled; The Unrepentant Buccaneer pp. 43-48.
261. Bellevue Hill mansion: Frank Van Straten; Huge Deal: The Fortunes and Follies of Hugh McIntosh; p. 113.
262. It was the nearest approach to hell on earth I’ve ever known” Sporting Globe: July 22, 1939.
262. “But if there was a case of misapplied strength, it was me on a bicycle” Sporting Globe: August 12, 1939.
262. McIntosh representing Summer Nights Amusements: I REMEMBER; J.T. Lang McNamara’s Books Katoomba 1956 p. 284.
262. Numbers were bandied about: The Referee, November 19, 1902.
262. “McIntosh was not adverse to a good stoush, and he positively bristled with energy” Melbourne Punch: September 12, 1912.
263. “Offer of $7500 plus share of gate receipts and purses as high as $5000” The Sportsman: January 27 & March 24, 1903: Major Taylor Autobiography p. 240 & 300.
263. October 1, 1902 cable from Taylor to McIntosh, number of races too many: The Referee: October 28, 1903.
263. Referee, a newspaper McIntosh would one day own: Frank Van Straten: Huge Deal The Fortunes and Follies of Hugh McIntosh, p. 114.
263. “All doubts as to the comings of Major Taylor, the wonderful black rider, are now at rest” The Referee: November 19, 1902.
263 “I somehow figured that race prejudice only flourished in this country.” Major Taylor autobiography p. 233.
263 “My first thought upon getting this information was to cancel my Australian tour.” Ibid-p. 233.
264. Reference to seventeen pieces of luggage: Worcester Telegram: September 24, 1903.
264. “I am assuming the two of you are aware of the rigid color line in Australia.” Major Taylor autobiography p. 232.
264. “White Australian Policy” www.wikipedia.org/White_Australia_policy
264. Racism San Francisco city policy: www.city-date.com DL June 4, 2007.
264. Taylor’s being denied food and hotel accommodations: Major Taylor autobiography p. 233.
264. Boarded R.M.S. Ventura: Ibid-p. 235.
264. Conversation with Ship’s purser: Ibid-p. 233.
264. “What church or denomination do you belong to”: New South Wales article titled Thirty Thousand Dollars For Conscience Sake; reprinted in Sydney Daily Telegraph: January 3, 1903.
265. “It certainly was a distressing outlook” Major Taylor autobiography p. 233.
265. “Taylor Taylor” Ibid-p. 234.
265. “The most beautiful in the world” Ibid-p. 234.
265. McIntosh yacht capsizing: Smith’s Weekly; August 27, 1938.
265. “There in his yacht Mabel, that famously capsized due to too much champagne on board” Smith’s Weekly: August 27, 1938.
266. “look, look do you see all those American flags, do you hear those whistles and horns” Major Taylor autobiography p. 234.
266. “now do you think you will be allowed to land in Australia?” Ibid-p. 234.
266. “defeated everyone in America and Europe.” Major Taylor autobiography p. 235; quoting speech made by Lord Mayor of Sydney printed in unknown Sydney Daily.
267. “Majah Taylor” The Bulletin: December 27, 1902.
267. “No one may smoke in the presence of a cycling chieftain.” Australian Cyclist, February 3, 1904.
267. “The sole topic of conversation yesterday was the visit of the world champion Major Taylor” Major Taylor Autobiography p. 240.
267. “THIRTY THOUSAND DOLLARS FOR CONSCIENCE SAKE”; New South Wales Baptist article reprinted in Sydney Daily Telegraph: January 7, 1903.
268. “The Major Taylor Carnival” The Referee: Jan 14, 1903.
268. Sydney Cricket Grounds illuminated by cluster of electric arc lamps: Sports by Keith Dunstan, The Pedaling Passion (Casell, Melbourne 1973) p. 268.
269. Taylor sets ¼ mile Australian record in .26 seconds: The Bulletin: January 10, 1903.
269. Women in pinks and greens and heliotropes: The Bulletin: January 24, 1903.
269. “The scene was almost like fairyland” The Town & Country Journal: January 14, 1903.
269. “Never before has enthusiasm been so prolonged.” Major Taylor autobiography p. 268; quoting unknown Sydney Daily.
269. More than one hundred thousand fans: The Sportsman: February 10, 1903.
269. Quarter million people attending twelve races: The Bulletin: February 7, 1903.
269. “one of the most fascinating of a fascinating sex”: UASP.
269. “representatives of the world of fashion” The Town & Country Journal: January 13, 1903; The Bulletin: January 24, 1903.
269. “Put away the brooms boys here comes Mac, he’s go after anything with hair on it” Frank Van Straten: Huge Deal; The Fortunes and Follies of Hugh McIntosh; Author Interview with Roy Purvers, 1977.
269. “Sometimes so many women surrounded him that H.D. himself could not be seen” Ibid: Author Interview with Charles Covell, 2004.
269. “He would have been cheap at half the price.” The Sportsman: January 27, 1903.
270. “I cannot emphasize too strongly the pressure off my mind upon learning I would have no worry from the color line” Major Taylor autobiography p. 237.
270. “surging crowd. monster welcome reception…” No one present had heard anything of his ability as a speaker…” Major Taylor autobiography p. 272.
271. “McIntosh gave away enough champagne to christen every battleship in Europe” Smiths Weekly: August 27th 1938.
271. “no one present, he felt sure, had heard anything of his ability as a speaker” Major Taylor autobiography p. 272.
271. Taylor gets fever 104 temperature: The Sportsman: January 27, 1903.
271. “the newspapers treated me with the utmost respect” Major Taylor autobiography p. 271.
271. “What Major Taylor is as a record breaker”: The Sportsman: January 27, 1903.
271. Our cigarettes do not injure one in training.” Clipping Major Taylor scrapbook Indianapolis History Museum.
271. “It’s no use he’s just to good.” The Sportsman: March 3, 1903.
272. “Major Taylor is a very cleanly built neatly packed parcel of humanity . . .” Major Taylor autobiography p. 273; quoting unknown Melbourne newspaper.
272. Taylor presence at Benefit Race: The Sportsman: January 27, 1903.
272. eight-thousand fans in attendance: Ibid: February 7, 1903.
272. Profit on race $1250: Ibid: March 17, 1903.
272. “It being nothing short of heroism to venture out at all” Ibid: February 17, 1903.
272. “Just the fortunes of war.” Ibid.
272. “I didn’t congratulate and shake Morgan’s hand for show, I meant it.” Ibid.
272. “Morgan could not suppress his feeling” Ibid.
272. “It was the proudest moment of my life.” Ibid.
272. “Although I was a sick man when I reached Melbourne I left that city in a blaze of glory.” Major Taylor autobiography p. 280.
272. One hundred fifteen riders entered in Sydney Thousand Handicap: The Town & Country Journal: March 7, 1903.
273. Railroad commissioners emergency meetings: Ibid.
273. ‘Besieged” Unidentified Australian newspaper clipping Major Taylor scrapbook Indianapolis History Museum.
273. “I could have bought a place in the final of the Sydney Thousand but I’m here to win races not buy them.” The Sportsman: March 24, 1903.
273. Fifty-five thousand fans showed up: The Town & Country Journal: January 21-28, 1903.
273. Taylor leaves Sydney en route to Adelaide: The Referee: March 25, 1903.
273. “McIntosh turned on the parties as thou there was no future” Frank Van Straten: Huge Deal: The Fortunes and Follies of Hugh D. McIntosh p. 105, quoting Sporting Globe, February 3, 1940.
274. “Experts here are now satisfied, that he is really the marvel that the continental and American press proclaimed him to be.” Major Taylor autobiography p. 287 quoting unknown Sydney Daily.
274. “He simply won as he liked.” The Sportsman: March 17, 1903.
274. “puts the league on velvet.” Ibid: March 31, 1903.
274. Incapacitation of rider named Wayne: The Referee: January 14, 1904.
274. Major and Daisy pay sympathy visit to injured rider: The Bulletin: May 2, 1903.
275. April 16, 1903 Taylor departure from Australia to Europe: The Sportsman: April 15, 1903.
275. Taylor wins twenty-three first places out of twenty-seven races: Major Taylor autobiography p. 300.
275. “The events aroused a pitch of enthusiasm that has never been witnessed here before” Major Taylor autobiography p. 241: quoting unknown Sydney Daily.
275. “Major Taylor who combines cycling with preaching in the Methodist chapels on Sundays is far on his way to making a fortune far more than the best paid editors, university professors, or nine-tenths of the legal profession. New York Times: February 16th, 1903.
275. “It will be many long years before the Americans phenomenal rides are forgotten.” Major Taylor autobiography p. 279.
275. 1903 Europe record: Twenty-eight first, twenty-one seconds and nine thirds; Ibid-p. 301.
275. 85,000 attendance multi-day meet Paris: The Daily Northwestern: February 13, 1901.
275. People of India present cane: Boston Daily Globe, September 28, 1903.
275. “Taylor defeats Ellegaard” The Bulletin: Jan 17, 1903.
275. Taylor sleeping upright: The Colored American Magazine, September 1902.
276. “up-to-date” raiment Daisy: The Referee: November 4, 1903.
276. “gentlemanly bow with cap in hand” Ibid.
276. Babe Ruth earning $20,000: Velo News, January 15, 1996.
276. “How many today are able to show the bank account”: The Daily Republican, August 2, 1901.
276. $40,000-$50,000 richer: Major Taylor in Australia, Jim Fitzpatrick, Star Hill Studio.
276. William Rockefeller and Cardinal James Gibbons on return Ship to America: Worcester Telegram: September 24, 1903.
276. “I am satisfied I have done enough.” Ibid.
** More than 100,000 fans Sydney races: The Sportsman: February 10, 1903.
** Taylor visit talked about this day: www.cyclingnews.com March 2005.
Chapter 20
279. McIntosh never being taught meaning of no” Punch: September 12, 1912.
279. Reference to McIntosh: “pedaling pies at racetracks” National Library of Australia DL September 11, 2006 www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A100280b.htm
279. Barrage of cablegrams: The Referee: October 28, 1903.
279. “retirement” Ibid.
279. “Renault car. poodle car ride” Worcester Telegram: November 13, 1904.
279. “if I ever ride again it will be right here in Australia.” The Sportsman: April 20 & 23, 1903.
279. Taylor renovating his home: The Sun, November 13, 1902.
279. “a school of sharks” Frank Van Straten: Huge Deal: The Fortunes and Follies of Hugh D McIntosh, p. 12.
279. “Cannot leave before Aerangi; will not guarantee to race more than three times weekly for L2000 exclusive of prizes” The Referee: October 28, 1904.
280. “Taylor had a change of heart.” Worcester Telegram: November 13, 1904.
280. “To note accept such an offer was like passing up too good a thing.” Ibid.
280. Leaving Worcester November 13, 1903 for San Francisco: Ibid.
280. Taylor stop in New Zealand: The Referee: December 23, 1904.
280. Taylor arrives Australia for second tour: The Bulletin: December 27, 1904.
280. Floyd McFarland from San Jose: Peter Nye, Hearts of Lions p. 63.
281. “rioting” reference to Floyd McFarland: New York Times: November 11, 1900, January 8 & February 5, 1902.
281. Henry Desgrange banned McFarland from Parc des Princes track: Cycle Age and Trade Review: October 25, 1900: December 20, 1900.
281. “trim the nigger” Major Taylor autobiography p. 188.
281. “exception rule” Atlanta Constitution: December 8, 1902.
281. MacFarland as an autocrat: UASP.
281. “What do you take me for a . . . Kangaroo.” Curley H. Grivel: Australian Cycling in the Golden Days, p. 52 Unknown word not exact, author’s assumed meaning of word.
282. “Bull Williams” knocked senseless: Peter Nye: Hearts of Lions, p. 82.
282. “human motor” “warhorse” “handicap king” Australian Cyclist and Motor-Car World February 11,1904; The Referee: January 27th, 1904.
282. “Floyd McFarland, my arch enemy of many years standing was the kingpin of all the schemes against me.” Major Taylor autobiography p. 337.
282. “oh that damm nigger” The Referee: March 9, 1904.
282. “He made hacks out of Australia’s best” The Sportsman: April 17, 1903.
282. Lawson second place 1902 American Championship: New York Times: July 21, 1902.
282. “the melancholy dane sober sided-athlete” The Referee: January 6, 1904.
282. “he carries the brand of the track yet” The Referee: March 9, 1904.
282. Lawson McFarland teaming: The Referee: March 30, 1904.
283. Taylor was the only rider to receive a large down payment: Australian Cyclist: December 31, 1904: Major Taylor scrapbook Indianapolis History Museum.
283. “His legs and riding capabilities have been sold to a syndicate that negotiates for him.” Ibid: Australian Cyclist: December 31, 1904 Unidentified newspaper clipping Major Taylor scrapbook.
283. Iver Lawson on Columbia bicycle, MacFarland on Cleveland: Advertisement; The Australian Cyclist: February 11, 1904.
283. “The visiting Americans have brought their prejudice with them and want to atone for past defeats by Taylor” The Referee: January 20, 1904.
284. Taylor on Massey – Harris Ibid.
284. “No man in the world can have a chance against Iver Lawson when he has McFarland working in his interest.” Major Taylor autobiography; quoting unknown Melbourne paper p. 344.
284. “It was as plain as a pike staff even to the palest faced laymen.” Ibid:-p. 343.
284. McFarland out one month suspension, $125 fine for abusive language: The Referee: January 20, 24, 1904 & February 24, 1904; March 2, 1904.
284. Taylor went on grass on his own accord: Ibid.
284. MacFarland given option of paying reduced fine: The Referee: February 3, 1904.
284. “There is no love lost between the two factions here just now and every time Taylor meets his compatriots the curry is very hot” Australian Cyclist and Motorcar World: February 2, 1904.
284. “dead heat” Punch: February 4, 1904.
284. Prime minister in attendance: UASP.
285. “How would a jockey get on if he thought he had won and abused the judge and stewards that way” Major Taylor autobiography p. 353.
285. “McFarland donning clothes and leaving track” Punch: February 4, 1904.
285. battalion of police converges on track: The Referee: Feb 17, 1904.
286. “It was a big event in my life to beat Major Taylor” Ibid.
286. “Instead of watching the struggles of the world’s champions”: Australian Cyclist & Motor Car World: February 11, 1904.
286. “If this is your summer”: The Sportsman: April 15 & 21, 1903; Major Taylor scrapbook Indianapolis History Museum.
286. “He is as fit as a fiddle” Sid Melville trainer: The Referee: February 23, 1904 Sydney Sportsman: February 5, 1904.
286. On trams and trains impassioned debates: Australian Cyclist, February 11, 1904.
286. To-Night-To Night cycling championship of the world, Meeting of the worlds cycling giants!!” Advertisement: Major Taylor scrapbook March 4, 1904 Indianapolis History Museum.
286. “Major Taylor is not invincible” “200 wins-only 12 losses” Australian Cyclist and Motor Car World: February 11, 1904.
287. “Major Taylor Carnival” Australian Cyclist: February 18, 1904; Major Taylor scrapbook Indianapolis History Museum.
287. Extra turnstiles: UASP.
287. seventy-five bookmakers: Mansfield News, May 5, 1904.
287. Most influential people: The Lowell Sun, February 12, 1904.
287. “with McFarland out of it Lawson’s feeding bottle was dry” Major Taylor autobiography p. 344; The Referee: January 27, 1904.
287. “He seems to be useless without him. Major Taylor autobiography: p. 344.
287. “I felt doubly sure I could defeat Lawson on even terms every time we started.” Ibid-p. 402.
287. “Whatever you do, do not let Taylor win.” Ibid-p. 403.
287. “he’s a fine game nigger, but he won’t come out in this race” The Referee: March 1904.
288. Lawson in pink gown: UASP.
288. Collision, Taylor goes unconscious from accident: The Town & Country Journal: February 18, 1904.
289. “that’s the most treacherous thing I have ever seen” Major Taylor autobiography p. 403.
289. “Lawson will go out for life for this.” Ibid-p. 403.
289. “It looked like murder” Ibid-p. 403.
289. Lawson claiming it was Taylor’s fault: Mansfield, News, May 5, 1904.
289. “yells, hoots, groans and threats of dismemberment.” Australian Cyclist: February 18, 1904.
289. “no race” Australian Cyclist and Motor Car World: February 18, 1904.
290. “Major Taylor’s injury in Australia is likely to deprive the track”: The Mansfield News: March 14, 1904.
290. Lawson, McFarland leave for Adelaide, MacFarland wins six consecutive races: The Town & Country Journal: February 1904, Punch: February 25, 1904.
290. track officials examine scar marks over fifteen feet of track: Major Taylor autobiography p. 403.
290. Emergency meeting Port Phillip Hotel, twenty witnesses: Ibid-p. 358.
290. What rubbish the public is asked to follow” Ibid-p. 360 quoting unknown Melbourne paper.
290. Lawson boards Melbourne express: The Referee: March 2, 1904.
291. “Chairman Callaghan decision; your hereby suspended from racing anywhere in the world for one year.” Major Taylor autobiography p. 358.
291. “All things considered Lawson may consider himself lucky he is not wanted in Australia…” Ibid-p. 358.
291. McIntosh escorts Lawson to ship to see him off: The Referee: March 16, 1904.
291. “And this is what they call justice” The Referee: March 2, 1904.
291. “He was taking meals off the mantelpiece” The Referee: March 9, 1904.
291. “Taylor’s injuries are even more serious” The Mansfield News: March 14, 1904 Major Taylor autobiography p. 360.
291. “He will carry the sears in his buttock and arms the rest of his life” The Referee: March 2, 1904.
292. “Some of your officials have all along entertained a disgusting prejudice against me” The Town and Country Journal: April 27, 1904: The Referee: April 27, 1904.
292. “I am not a petrol machine, I am flesh and blood like the rest of you.” The Sportsman: April 17, 1903.
292. “dealt with” The Referee: April 27, 1904.
292. “keep your eyes open” The Town & Country Journal: April 13, 1904.
292. “the entire field was going after me with a vengeance. I am frightened to race. The Referee: April 20, 1904.
292. “After what happened . . . the combinations and tricks employed in order to prevent him from winning has been heartbreaking.” Ibid.
292. “We can’t have the same man winning all the time” Keith Dunstan Sports: The Pedaling Passion, 1973 p. 269.
293. Thirty two thousand fans at Sydney Thousand: The Referee: March 3, 1904.
293. “Rather than submit to a licking by Major Taylor he has taken the rather undignified course of backing out of the match altogether. “ The Referee: March 30, 1904; Major Taylor autobiography p. 375.
293. “While the giants were still winded after their ride, he would lay them out one at a time” Frank Van Straten: Huge Deal: The Fortunes and Follies of Hugh D. McIntosh, p. 16, sourcing Smith’s Weekly: August 27, 1938.
293. “you bastard” Ibid-p. 14.
293. Keep your fist to yourself MacFarland” Ibid-p. 14.
293. “you can’t fight any better than you can ride” Ibid.
293. MacFarland three year suspension: The Referee: April 13, 1904.
293. “I was robbed” New York Times: June 2, 1904.
293. Lawson suspension one year: Punch March 18, 1904; Clipping Major Taylor scrapbook Indianapolis History Museum.
293. “It was injustice”: UASP.
294. “If these are carried out much further nearly all riders will be disbarred” Major Taylor autobiography p. 383 quoting unknown Australian paper.
294. “It was a strange revelation for me to note how McFarland’s victorious campaign”: Ibid:-p. 337.
294. “It is said that other riders with whom McFarland and Lawson were intimate, have taken up their quarrel.” Ibid-p. 399.
294. “I will never race in South Australia again.” The Referee: April 27, 1904.
294. Sydney birth announcement: The Referee: May 18, 1904.
294. “Had been awaiting certain interesting developments” Major Taylor autobiography p. 406.
294. “start him on his fast career to championship fame and glory.” Ibid-p. 406.
294. “of course he was going to be a champion bicycle rider.” Ibid.
295. “Would make me the proud recipient of the greatest prize of them all.” Worcester Telegram: July 6, 1904.
295. Sydney Taylor lives 102 years old: obituary, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, May 13, 2005.
295. June 6th Taylor’s Don Walker departure Australia on Samoa: The Referee: June 8, 1904.
295. Hugh McIntosh and dignitaries present for sendoff: Ibid.
295. 1904 was the single most amazing season of cycle racing in the history of Australia: Jim Fitzpatrick: Major Taylor Down Under on Tracks of Glory, p. 4.
295. Taylor brings home cockatoos, parrots and wallaby: The Referee: June 6, 1904.
295. “It’s all such a disgrace” Major Taylor autobiography p. 396; quoting unknown Melbourne newspaper.
296. Being turned away in San Francisco hotels & restaurants: Major Taylor autobiography p. 408
296. “Not my kind of hotels.” The San Francisco Call, June 28, 1904.
296. “So this is the America about which you have been boasting in Australia”: Ibid-p. 408.
296. Taylor expert boxer flattens man insulting Daisy: Andrew Ritchie: The Extraordinary Career of a Champion Bicycle Racer: Author Interview with Sydney Taylor Brown p. 202-203.
297. “Took the heart out of him.” Worcester Telegram: July 31, 1904.
297. “I suffered a collapse” “This was caused by my recent strenuous campaign in Australia augmented by the incidental worries of life.” Major Taylor autobiography p. 410; The Chicago Defender: May 29, 1948.
297. Death of Taylor’s father: The Freeman, July 30, 1904. It’s unclear exactly when Taylor first learned of his father’s death.
** One year suspension for Lawson reduced to three months: The Referee: April 6, 1905.
** Iver Lawson wins 1904 World Championship: New York Times: September 11, 1904.
Chapter 21
299. Coquille sues for $10,000: Major Taylor autobiography p. 410.
300. “Little did they realize the great physical strain . . .” Ibid-p. 420.
300. April 1905 $35 speeding fine: Andrew Ritchie: The Extraordinary Career of a Champion Bicycle Racer, p. 205.
300. Taylor in auto accident $1000 damages: Boston Daily Globe: July 12, 1905.
300. “auto hospital” Ibid: May 19, 1906.
301. Poem: Taylor’s autobiography, p. 426.
302. “You may take a break but you’ll always come back” VeloNews: Mike Schatzman; May 28, 2007.
302. Coquille personal meeting: Major Taylor autobiography p. 410.
302. “I wanted the suit ended…” Ibid.
302. “free from the chance of losing such a sum of money” Ibid.
303. 1907 Average Life expectancy black male 32.5 years: www.cdc.gove/nchs/date/dvs/nvsr52_14t12.pdf DL April 19, 2007.
303. “I advised him to do it” L’ Auto: April 2, 1907.
303. La Touraine French Liner warned titanic www.greatoceanliners.com DL April 19, 2007.
303. “THE RESURECTION OF THE NEGRO” L’Auto: March 7, 1907.
303. Peugeot bicycle sponsor: The Evening Telegram: July 29, 1907.
303. “Le Negre Volant” L’Auto: April 20, 1907: “Major Taylor est arrive!”
303. “Major Taylor is with us once more” La Vie au Grand Air: May 11, 1907.
304. “You look as if you have put on weight” Robert Coquille: L’ Auto: April 2, 1907.
304. May 9, 1907 loss to Poulain: The Washington Post: May 10, 1907.
304. “Had his stock traded on Wall Street . . .” Author interview: Jack Visceo Cycling Hall of Famer, January 2006
305. “just say the word, I’m just striking my winning form” Major Taylor autobiography p. 412.
305. “I did not want to leave Europe” Ibid-p. 412.
305. Taylor beats 6 Champions from five countries: New York Times: September 2, 1907.
305. “In all our great match races…” Major Taylor autobiography p. 414.
306. “We had the last laugh and the papers were profuse in their apologies for rushing to conclusions” Ibid-p. 415.
306. : 25 2/5 and: 42 1/5 records at Buffalo track: Ibid-p. 413.
306. “Once he got going he cleaned them all up” Worcester Telegraph: October 25 1909.
306. “the most extraordinary, the most versatile, the most colorful…” Robert Coquille and Paul Hamelle. Major Taylor, Ses Debuts, Sa Carriere, Sa Vie, Ses Aventures. Paris, 1904.
306. “Birdie Munger in Paris on business” Andrew Ritchie: The Extraordinary Career of a Champion Bicycle Racer, p. 208.
307. “The advancing years have put on him the handicap which nothing can beat out” Worcester Telegram: October 25, 1909.
Chapter 22
309. Daisy raising Sydney at home with maids and servants: Steve Levin, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette; Obituary: Sydney Taylor Brown, May 18, 2005.
310. “I was obliged to break my rule…” Major Taylor autobiography p. 410.
310. “I did not expect that, for I believed Taylor would stick to his decision not to race on Sunday’s until he died” Boston Globe: June 21, 1900.
310. Daisy my dear wife…everything is beautiful but the weather: Letter date unknown Major Taylor scrapbook Indianapolis State Museum.
311. “only a few lines to say that I did not do as well” Ibid, letter June 14, 1909.
311. “I failed again in the Grand Prix of Buffalo” Ibid, letter August 1, 1909.
311. Net worth approximately $75,000; Andrew Ritchie: The Extraordinary Career of a Champion Bicycle Racer, p. 220.
311. “I am so pleased that you are a home loving girl” Major Taylor scrapbook Indianapolis State Museum, letter date unknown.
311. “now dearie, about coming home” Ibid, letter August 15, 1909.
312. Taylor meets with McIntosh in Paris: Worcester Telegram: October 25, 1909.
312. “gates of 50,000-60,000 were commonplace”: Sporting Globe: August 12, 1939.
312. “he was almost as good a preacher as he was a cyclist” Ibid.
313. “I am getting down to weight slowly” Major Taylor scrapbook, Indianapolis State Museum, letter date unknown.
313. “I rode yesterday against Poulain, Meyers and Arend” Ibid: letter date unknown.
313. “Why don’t you write any more dearie . . . its been almost two weeks” Ibid, letter August 9, 1909.
314. “My darling little Sydney, here is a letter and some post cards” Ibid, letter August 5, 1909.
314. “I am going to make one more desperate attempt” Ibid, letter August 28, 1909.
315. “Well dearie, I had a talk with Coquille about next season” Ibid, letter October 1, 1909.
316. Taylor double victory over Charles Dupre: Worcester Telegram: October 25, 1909. **This was Taylor’s last European race, he did take part in insignificant races in United States in 1910.**
316. “in my opinion, he’s the greatest racing cyclist in the world” Sporting editor of unknown Sydney Australia newspaper; Major Taylor autobiography p. 423-424.
316. “It is not likely that we shall look on his like again” Ibid.
316. “In his prime, Jacquelin was a faster rider than any of the men on the wheel today” Worcester Telegram: October 25, 1909.
317. Taylor boards La Provence in Harve for stormy ride home: Ibid.
317. “say dearie, how anxiously I am counting every minute” Major Taylor scrapbook Indianapolis State Museum, letter October 1, 1909.
317. “It seemed as if it would be its last” Worcester Telegram: October 25, 1909.
317. “Orchestra playing music” Ibid.
317. “When the nose of the ship pointed down after climbing over an immense wave it seemed as if it would never point upward again” Ibid.
Chapter 23
319. Munger’s exploits, car problems, driving day and night with stops only for meals and repairs getting to the old timers race: Newark Evening News: September 17, 1917 p. 14.
319. “The rheumatic stakes for aged bikers” Ibid; September 15, 1917 p. 16.
320. “some of the champions competed during Lincoln’s first administration” Ibid.
320. “Few had seen such highly developed beer muscles” Ibid.
320. “One of the articles of agreement is that all wheels be shrouded in cob webs” Ibid.
320. “with both feet” Ibid.
320. Stands filled to capacity 12, 500 spectators day of old timers race: Peter Nye: Hearts of Lions, p. 99.
320. Taylor telling a reporter he would never invest in risky investments: New York Sun.
320. Being turned down at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute: Peter Nye: Hearts of Lions, p. 81.
320. Taylor loses $15,000 in automobile tire business: Worcester Telegram: December 17, 1926.
320. Other wealthy investors including old bike sponsor Iver Johnson: Ibid.
320. Picture Taylor old-timer race: Ibid.
320. Taylor wins old-timer race: Oneonta Star.
321. “Well Birdie, you started me in my first race and you’re starting me in my last race.” Newark Evening News; September 17, 1917.
321. “No rider before or since his day ever developed a stretch the equal of Taylor’s”: Newark Evening News: September 15, 1917.
321. “He received a greater ovation then I or anyone else, he was one of the greatest athletes of all time” Ted Carrol: Our Sport Magazine, August 1953 p. 17. DL www.majortaylor.com January 17, 2007.
322. Peered inside the window of Magay and Barrons 368 Main Street: Worcester Daily Telegram: December 17, 1926.
322. Taylor’s resettle into apartment 14 Blossom Street: Ibid.
322. “VOICE OF PRAISE FOR MAJOR TAYLOR” Worcester Telegram: December 24, 1926.
323. Fund set up by Harry Worcester Smith: Ibid.
323. Famous horse jockey Earl Sande: Major Taylor autobiography: p. 429.
323. “I believe Major Taylor, the black man needs an interested and friendly audience more than ever…” Worcester Telegram: December 17, 1926.
323. “I wish it were more, but a five year illness has left me…” Worcester Evening Gazette: December 24, 1926.
323. “a friend” Ibid.
323. John Hancock Insurance Company contribution to fund: Ibid.
323. “I think the response to my appeal . . .” Worcester Sunday Telegram: December 26, 1926 p. 12.
323. “The black man racing against whites . . .” Worcester Telegram: December 17, 1926.
324. Having arrived at that time of life when I find myself more inclined to reminisce: Worcester Telegram: December 24, 1926.
324. Taylor contribution to San Francisco earthquake victims: Major Taylor autobiography p. 409.
324. Verse of Matthew: Matthew 25:36, New International Version.
324. Mrs. Harry Worcester Smith: please tell the Major: Worcester Telegram: December 24, 1926.
324. Fund grew to $1000: Worcester Telegram: December 24, 1926.
324. Apart from a good cocktail: Ibid.
325. Picture Taylor thick overcoat, bowler hat: Ibid: December 18, 1926.
325. “his humiliation was his fuel” www.findarticles.com Article; Lance Armstrong & Major Taylor: A century and a World Apart, Cycling’s two legends show courage in motion-Sports Trailblazers DL April 10, 2007.
325. “I’m in need of rest, wish all my friends a Merry Christmas” Worcester Telegram: December 26, 1926.
325. “The years have a trick of crowding a man” Ibid: December 18, 1926.
325. Daisy miscarriage: Andrew Ritchie: The Extraordinary Career of a Champion Bicycle Racer; Author interview with Sydney Taylor Brown p. 229.
326. “the neatest dresser you have ever seen…” Author Interview: Worcester resident Francis Jesse Owens August 10, 2006.
326. “Major Taylor does not appear as a critic of anything” Cycle Age: July 28, 1898.
326. “Even though he loved his country and his race…” Andrew Ritchie: The Extraordinary Career of a Champion Bicycle Racer; Author Interview with Sydney Taylor Brown p. 229.
326. I don’t think her heart was in it” Ibid-p. 235.
327. “It’s the biggest job I ever tackled” Ibid-p. 234. Copy of letter to Robert Coquille, March 1923, Taylor paper’s Pittsburgh.
327. “I don’t think he made out good” Author Interview: Francis Jesse Owens: August 10, 2006.
328. “my wife” mentioned fifteen times in Taylor’s autobiography.
328. “is remarkable for the absence of bitterness against the men who treated him so unfairly” Robert Smith: A Social History of the Bicycle: (American Heritage Press) p. 164.
328. Report of Taylor in stands December 1927 Six Day Race Madison Square Garden: Peter Nye: Hearts of Lions, p. 121-122.
Epilogue
329. Munger successful inventor, automotive executive: The Daily Northwestern: December 19, 1899.
330. Major Taylor autobiography dedication: To my true friend and Advisor, Louis D. Munger” Marshall W. Taylor Autobiography Copyright 1932 Printed in the U.S.A. by The Commonwealth Press Worcester, Massachusetts Wormly Publishing Company 14 Blossom Street Worcester Massachusetts.
331. Circumstances of Floyd MacFarland death: New York Times: April 18th & 22nd, 1915; Nevada State Journal: April 18, 1915; The Syracuse Herald: April 18, 1915.
331. “He was a villain, but a likable one” Frank Van Staten: Huge Deal: The Fortunes and Follies of Hugh D McIntosh, p. 14.
332. “ticker-fiend” William A. Brady: Showman p. 276.
332. “laid an egg” Ibid.
332. “Depression A, Depression B” Ibid-p. 77.
332. Brady acquires “Street Scene”: Richard F. Snow; American Heritage article, April/May 1980; William A. Brady; Showman, p. 277.
332. “a champion streaking around the track…was the epitome of human speed” Ibid-p. 229.
332. “Madison” reference to two man six-day races: Ibid-p. 227.
332. “Major Taylor is the greatest rider on earth” The Syracuse Herald: September 4, 1898.
332. “nobody has a better right to run a thing down than the fellow who invented it” William A Brady: Showman p. 230.
332. Brady tossing preemies to riders: Author interview with Jack Visceo January 2006.
333. “I remember when cigarette packages . . .” Ibid-p. 224.
333. “We left our mark on the business” Ibid-p. 225.
333. “Zimmerman’s retirement was regretted just as much as Babes departure from baseball” Newark Daily News: October 22, 1936.
333. “Just as Babe Ruth was the idol of baseball fans and Bobby Jones of golf followers, Zimmie was the favorite of the racetrack patrons.” Ibid.
333. “I was the proudest boy in the world . . .” Major Taylor autobiography p. 12.
333. “There was no race prejudice in his make-up..” Ibid-p. 12.
333. “Flying Yankee” Newark News: October 22, 1936.
333. “Flying Negro” Brooklyn Daily Eagle: August 17th, 1898.
333. “The hero of all boyhood, as well as my own” Major Taylor autobiography p. 51.
334. Portions of the track still rise up standing as a testament to the one time popularity of Zimmerman” Newark Daily News: October 22, 1936.
334. Taylor meeting Levy: Christopher Sinsabaugh, Who Me? Forty Years of Auto History, p. 33.
334. Taylor traveling Worcester to Chicago selling book: Francis Jesse Owens, telephone interview, August 10, 2006.
334. Four hundred times $3.50: Taylor 1st edition on Abe books $1,400.
334. “I do not know how it may have been in other places but in Chicago, the city seemed to have died” www.roosevelt.edu/chicago history/mod3-chap2.htm DL May 12, 2006.
335. 750,000 Chicagoans nearly half the work force unemployed: Ibid.
335. 160,000 Chicago families received relief: Ibid.
335. Colored Y Bronzeville www.ci.chi.il.us/landmark/W/WabashYMCA.html DL May 12, 2006.
335. Carter G. Woodson, P.H.D. historian starting black history month: www.naperymca.org/history.htm DL May 12, 2006.
335. Chicago stadium teetering on bankruptcy: Appleton Post-Crescent: August 30, 1930.
336. 125,000 race-goers twice a year: Ibid.
336. “All the kids talked about Major Taylor” Author Interview with Francis Jesse Owens: August 10, 2006.
337. Last photograph taken of Taylor: Chicago Defender: July 2, 1932.
337. James Bowler becoming Taylor’s benefactor: Ibid.
337. “And as I have always said, I’m not living for one day or two . . .” Sydney Daily Telegraph: January 7,1903; quoting New South Wales Baptist article, Thirty-thousand Dollars for Conscience Sake.
338. Major Taylor obituary: Chicago Defender: June 25, 1932, Ibid July 2, 1932.
338. “I didn’t realize it then…” William C. Rhoden: Forty Million Dollar Slaves, (Crown publishing 2006), Author interview with Sydney Taylor Brown, p. 91.
338. Daisy Taylor deceased: April 21, 1965 Major Taylor Association (confirmation obituary never printed local Pittsburgh paper).