Index

8 March coalition: election results (2009); formation; Jumblat’s role; Nasrallah’s position; opposition; presidential crisis; supporters

14 March coalition: aims; cabinet; campaign to impeach Lahoud; difficulties; election results (2005); election results (2009); formation; Hizbullah relations;

Jumblat’s role; leaders; presidential crisis; Siniora government; supporters

9/II

Abbas, Mahmoud, President

Abd al-Qblawi, Umm

Abdul-Nour, Ziad

Abdullah, King of Jordan

Abdullah, King of Saudi Arabia

Abdullah, King of Transjordan (later Jordan)

Abraham Lincoln, USS

Abrams, Elliot

Abu Jihad

Abu Khalid

Abu Nidal

Acheson, Dean

Adam, Uzi

Adelman, Kenneth

Afghanistan

Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud

Ain al-Hilweh

Ain al-Rummana

Aita al-Shaab, village

Alawites

Albright, Madeleine

Amal: defectors; government role; Hizbullah battles; Hizbullah relations; Hizbullah settlement; Islamic resistance; leadership; militia; Open Letter; political party; structures and tenets; Syria relations; ‘war of the camps’; West Beirut invasion (2008)

American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC)

American Thinker, The

American University of Beirut

Ames, Robert

Amnesty International

Annan, Kofi,

Ansar concentration camp

Anti-Defamation League

anti-Semitism

Aoun, Michel, General

Arab Awakening

Arab Deterrent Force

Arab governments (‘kings and presidents’): Arab public opinion of; Arafat’s appeal to; Nasrallah’s criticisms of; response to Gaza war; response to Hizbullah; response to Israeli attacks on Palestinians; response to Israeli invasion of Lebanon (1982); response to Qana massacre

Arab-Israeli Wars: first (1948); second (1956); third (1967, Six-Day War); fourth (1973); fifth (1982); sixth (2006-day war)

Arab League

Arab Liberation Army (ALA)

Arab Liberation Front

Arab Nationalist Movement (ANM)

Arab peoples

Arab Revolt

Arab Revolutionary Cells

Arab summits

‘‘Arab system’

Arafat, Yasser: appeal to Arab governments; Camp David summit (2000); criticized for ‘moderation’; demands for safety of Palestinian civilians; driven out of Beirut; Fatah; fedayeen; Gaza activities; Hamas relations; Hitler comparison; Iran relations; Israeli strategy against; Lebanon activities; ‘moderation’; Oslo accord; ‘peace process’ diplomacy; PLO; search for diplomatic solution; US policy towards; West Bank activities; West Beirut activities

Arbour, Louise

Arens, Moshe

Argov, Shlomo

Arida, Antoine, Patriarch

Ariel, Rabbi Israel

Armitage, Richard

Army of Free Lebanon (AFL)

Asad, Bashar al-: Hariri assassination issue; Hariri confrontation; Hizbullah relations; Lebanon ‘joint security regime’; Lebanon policy; response to UNSCR 1701, Syrian presidency; US relations

Asad, Hafiz al-, President: Amal relations; death; defeat (1982); Egypt relations; Gemayel relations; Geneva summit (2000); Hizbullah relations; invasion of Lebanon (1983); Iran relations; Lebanon invasion (1976); Lebanon ‘joint security regime’; Lebanon policy; Pax Syriana; ‘peace process’; ‘proxy war‘; religion; US relations; ‘war of the camps’

Asad, Rifa’at al-

Asher, tribe of

Ashrafiyah

Association of the Ulema of Jebel Amil

Athens, airport attack (1968)

Avnery, Uri

Azziya, air attack

Baalbek: Amal; Hizbullah; Islamicisation; Israeli bombing; Nasrallah election; rally (1974); Revolutionary Guards

Baathists: Druze view; Hizbullah view; Iranian view; Iraq; Lebanon; Syria

Bacevitch, Andrew

Badrakhan, Abd al-Wahhab al-

Baer, Robert

Bahrain

Baker, James

Bakunin, Mikhail

Balfour Declaration (1917): Arab responses to; Bevin’s policy; origins; perceived as calamity; terms; territory; Zionist policies

Bamabame

Barak, Ehud

Basal, Ali

Basi, Mahmoud

Bazouriyah, village

Beaufort Castle

Begin, Menachem: Beqa‘a Valley policy; election (1977); interventionist policy; Irgun activities; Kiryat Shmona pledge; Lebanon invasion; Lebanon occupation policy; Lebanon peace policy; Maronite relations; meeting with Gemayel (1982); ‘peace offers’; racist terminology; reasons to attack Lebanon; response to ‘artillery war’; response to Kahan Report; response to occupation of Lebanon; Sabra and Shatila massacres; US relations; warnings of genocide

Beirut: airport (1983); airport (2006); airport attack (1968); airport security (2008); American University; artillery duels; Ashrafiyah; ‘belt of misery’; Christian community; demarcation lines; demonstrations (March 2005); Fakhani district; Hizbullah direct action; Hizbullah HQ; intra-Muslim tensions; Israeli advance on (1982); Israeli bombing (2006); Israeli commando expedition (1973); Palestinian Jews; power stations; presidential palace; refugee camps; ‘sectarian cleansing’; Shiites; siege (1982); slums; tourism; US embassy bombing; US Marine barracks; West Beirut; Zionist activity

Bellinson, Moshe

Ben-Gal, General

Ben-Gurion, David: Begin-Hitler comparison; belief in righteousness; interventionist policies; Iron Wall; Jordan relations Lebanon relations; Plan Dalet; policy towards Palestinians; security policy; Sharett’s opposition to; Suez (1956); Syria relations; territorial policy; war plot (1956); warrior

Ben Yishai

Ben Zvi, Yitzhak

Beqa’a Valley: anti-bandit operations; election forecasts; Hizbullah; Israeli victories; kidnappers; Shiite territory; Syrian control; Syrian forces; US plans

Berman,Julius

Berri, Nabih

Bevin, Ernest

Big Pines

bin Faisal, Turki, Prince

bin Hamid, Salim, Sheikh

bin Laden, Osama

bin Sultan, Bandar, Prince

Bint Jbeil

Bismarck, Otto von

‘Black Saturday’ (1975)

‘Black September’ (1970)

Blair, Tony

Blanford, Nicholas

Bliss, Daniel

Blitzer, Wolf

Bolton, John

Bourj al-Brajneh

Bourj al-Rahal

Boutros-Ghali, Boutros

Britain: Balfour Declaration; Iran policy; Iraq war (2003); Israel policy; Lebanon border; Mandates; Suez (1956); Sykes — Picot agreement; WWI Arab policy

Brzezinski, Zbigniew

Buchanan, Patrick

Buckley, William

Burns, Nicholas

Bush, George, President

Bush, George W, President: approval rating; ‘Axis of Evil’ speech; Cedar Revolution relations; cluster bomb supplies; Hizbullah relations; Iran relations; Iraq war; Israel relations; Lebanon policy; Middle East policy; neoconservative influence on; religious views; response to Hamas election victory; Sharon’s influence on; Syria relations; view of Arafat; ‘war on terror‘

Cairo: agreement (1968); popular support for Hizbullah; University

Caix, Robert

Camp David: agreements; summit (2000)

Carter, Jimmy

Casey, George

Catastrophe, the, see Nakba

Chamoun, Camille, President

Charles Martel

Charter of National Reconciliation

Chehab, Fuad, General

Cheney, Dick

Chirac, Jacques, President

Christopher, Warren

CIA

Clarke, Richard

Claymore mine

Clean Break

Clinton, Bill, President: Camp David summit (2000); Geneva summit (2000); Iran relations; Israel relations; Middle East policy; response to Qana; Sharm al-Sheikh conference; view of Hizbullah

Clinton, Hillary

cluster bombs

Cohen, Richard

Cold War

Collett, Alec

Commentary

communists

Cremieux, Adolphe

Creveld, Martin van

Crooke, Alistair

Crusader kingdoms

Dabshe, Israeli position

Dagan, Meir

Daher, Khalid al-

Dahiya, al-: Amal position; CIA-ordered car-bombing; elections; Hizbullah position; Israeli bombing; kidnappers; Lebanese army shelling; name; Nasrallah’s television address; Palestinians; Shiites; Syrian position

Dahiya Doctrine

Damascus: agreement (1989); capture (1918)

Damur

Dankner, Amnon

Daoud, Daoud

Davidson, Larry

Dayan, Moshe

de Charette, Hervé

de la Sabliere, Jean-Marc

Dean, Howard

Dean, John Gunther

Deir Yassin, massacre

Dershowitz, Alan

Deuxieme Bureau

DiFranco, Eddie, Lance-Corporal

Dira, Yusuf Muhammad

Dodge, David

Doha talks (2008)

Douglas, Leigh

Draper, Morris

Drori, Amir, General

Druzes: alliances; civil war (1958); elections; fighting (1980s); history; Hizbullah relations; Israeli attacks; leadership; Maronite relations; militia; parliamentary bloc; Shiite relations; Syria relations; ‘uprising’

Dulles, John Foster

Dustur al-

Ebl Saqi

Eddé, Emile, President

Egoz unit

Egypt: Gaza border; Gaza tunnels; Hizbullah relations; Israeli invasion; Nasser coup; Palestinian relations; parliamentary elections; peace treaty with Israel; popular support for Hizbullah; response to Israeli war with Lebanon (2006); Six-Day War (1967); Suez (1956); war with Israel (1973)

Eiland, Giora, General

Eisenberg, Laura Zittrain

Eisenhower, Dwight, President

Eisenhower Doctrine

Eisenkot, Gadi, General

Eitan, Raful: Beirut siege; ceasefire violations; Fifth Arab-Israeli War (1982); Sabra and Shatila

Elul, Lieutenant

Epstein, Professor

Europe, Israel policy

Even, Yaakov, Brigadier-General

Exocet missiles

Fadlallah, Sayyed Hussein

Fahd, King

Faisal, Amir (King of Syria and Iraq)

Faisal, King of Saudi Arabia

Fakhani

‘Fakhani Republic’

Falastinuna

Farouk, King of Egypt

Fatah: ‘Black September’ (1970); first raid into Israel; forces; Hamas relations; Israel relations; Jordan base; leaders; Lebanon base; magazine; origins; PLO; raids; reputation; security apparatus (Force 17); training camps

fedayeen

Fijian peace-keepers

Fishman, Alex

fitna

Fleihan, Basil

Fleischer, Ari

Force

‘Four Mothers’ campaign

Foxman, Abraham

France: ceasefire diplomacy; Israel relations; Lebanon creation; Lebanon relations; Lebanon territories; Maronite relations; Suez (1956); support for Iraq; Sykes-Picot agreement; Syria relations; UNIFIL forces; UNSCR 1559, US relations

Frangieh, Suleiman

Frank, Hans

Frem, Fadi

Furhan, Abdul Raman

Furhan, Muhammad Hassan

Future Movement

G8 summit (2006)

Gadafi, Colonel

Gaffney, Frank

Galant, Yoav, General

Galilee: massacres; protection of; settlements

Gantz, Benny, General

Gardiner, Sam

Gaza: abduction of Israeli soldier; border monitoring; ceasefire (2009); Egypt relations; elections; Fatah activities; Hamas government; Israeli attack (1955); Israeli attack (2008 — 9); Israeli objectives; Karive-A arms affair; living conditions; Palestinian exodus to; Palestinian ‘two-state solution’; PLO leadership; Reagan peace plan; Sharon’s plans; tunnels to Egypt

Geagea, Samir

Gemayel, Amin

Gemayel, Bashir: assassination; Begin relations; Begin-Sharon meeting (1982); Beirut campaign; National Salvation Committee; Phalangist militia command; presidential election; presidential successor; Sharon’s plans for; US policy towards

Gemayel, Pierre: Ain al-Rummana incident (1975); background; Cairo agreement; Phalange party; policies; sons

Geneva summit (2000)

Geraghty, Tim, Colonel

Ghandouriyah

Ghor Valley

Ghorayeb, Issa

Gilber, Yoav

Gillerman, Dan

Gingrich, Newt

Goksel, Timur

Golan Heights: Israeli conquest; peaceful frontier; Syrian recovery issue; Zionist claim

Golani Brigade

Goldstein, Baruch

Goldwasser, Udi

Grabowski, Avi, Lieutenant

Graham, Bob

Great Rebellion

Great Arab Unravelling

Greater Lebanon: creation; Maronite dominance; re-establishment aim; territory; Zionist attitude to

Greek Orthodox Church

Grossman, Steve

Grunzweig, Emil

Guardian, London

Guevara, Che

Gulf War

Gumhuriyah, al-

Gur, Mordecai, General

Gush Emumim

Gush Shalom (Peace Bloc)

Haaretz

Habash, George

Habib, Philip: Arafat negotiations; ‘artillery war’ diplomacy; Beirut evacuation plan; Beirut guarantees; deputy; on Sharon; Sharon’s response to his diplomacy; Syrian response to his diplomacy

Haddad, Saad, Major

Hadera

Hagana

Haifa

Haig, Alexander, General

Hallak, Elie

Halutz, Dan: air strategy against Hizbullah; arrogance; change of strategy; hostage ultimatum; investment dealings; resignation; response to UNSCR 1701, Web of Steel operation

Hama, siege (1982)

Hamade, Marwan

Hamas: blamed by ‘moderates’; effects of Hizbullah victory (2006); election victory; Fatah relations; formation; Gaza government; Hizbullah relations; hostage-taking; influence; Iranian support for; Islamo-nationalist force; missile attacks; name; Obama’s stance; PA relations; suicide operations; Sunni; weaponry

Hamishmar, al-

Hamzeh, Ahmad Nizar

Hanit

Haniyah, Ismail

Hankin, Yehoshua

Harb, Raghib, Sheikh

Harel, Amos

Hariri, Rafiq: assassination; background and beliefs; France relations; funeral; Hizbullah relations; Israel relations; parliamentary elections (2005); premiership; presidency extension issue; Syria relations; trial of killers; UN investigation into assassination

Hariri, Saad: defeat by Hizbullah; Future Movement; memories of Asad’s treatment of his father; political allies; supporters; Syria relations

Harris, William

Hashemite dynasty: attitude to Jews; Iraq; Jordan, WWI

Hayat, al-

Hebron, Ibrahimi Mosque

Helou, Charles, President

Hermon, Mount

Hersh, Seymour

Herzl, Theodor

Higgins, William, Colonel

Higher Shiite Islamic Council

Hiram, King

Hitler, Adolf: Arafat comparison; Begin comparison; British comparison; genocide; influence on Phalange; Iran comparison; racist legislation; refugees from

Hizbullah: aims; Amal battles; Amal relations; Amal settlement; assassinations question; authority; Baalbek HQ; capture of Israeli soldiers (2006); casualties; ceasefire (UNSCR 1701); Christian support for; coup; defence lines; disarmament issues; domestic strategies; election performance (2009); emblem; emergence; fatwa against; finances; flag; forces (2006); government role; hostage-taking; international reputation; Iranian sponsorship; ‘Islamic state’ plans; Islamo-nationalist force; Israeli strategy towards; jihadist movement; kidnapping of foreigners; leadership; Lebanese public opinion of; manifesto; military capabilities; name; ‘nature reserves’; Open Letter; political party; relationship with other militias; relationship with Palestinians; religious faith; ‘reminder operations’; Sidon parade (1985); strategy; suicide bombers; Syria relations; telecommunications network; territory; UN disarmament resolution; US policy towards; victory (2006); video footage of exploits; war (2006); ‘war of the camps’; weaponry; West Beirut invasion (2008)

Hobbes, Thomas

Hobeika, Eli

Holocaust

Hormuz, Straits of

Hoss, Salim al-

hostage-taking

Houle, border village

Hourani, Albert

Hout, Shafiq al-

Howell, Kim

Human Rights Watch

Hussein, grandson of the Prophet

Hussein, King of Jordan

Hussein, Sherif of Mecca

Husseini, Haj Amin, Mufti of Jerusalem

Ickes, Harold

Independent

Indyk, Martin

Institute for National Security Studies

International Red Cross

Intifada: first; second

‘Intifada of the camps’

Iran: Amal relations; armed forces; arms supplies to Gaza; arms supplies to Hizbullah; foreign policy; Hamas relations; Hizbullah relations, involvement in hostage-taking; Islamic Jihad relations; Islamic Republic of; Israel relations; Lebanon relations; nuclear policy; nuclear weapons issue; PLO relations; reputation; response to Hizbullah victory (2006); response to Intifada; Revolution (1979); Revolutionary Guards; ‘sword’; Syria relations; US arms deliveries; US policy towards; war with Iraq; weaponry

Iran-Libya Sanctions Act, US

‘Irangate’

Iraq: arms supplies to Lebanon; Baathists; British Mandate; elections (2005); Gulf War defeat; invasion of (2003); Kurds; monarchy; popular support for Hizbullah; proposed transfer of Palestinians to; revolution; Shiite ascendancy; Sunni jihadists; US strategy; war with Iran

Irgun

Irish peace-keepers

Iron Wall

Islam

Islamic Jihad: Hizbullah relations; influence; Iran relations; Islamo-nationalist force; kidnappings; leadership; US embassy bombing; US Marine barracks bombing

‘Islamic order’

‘Islamic resistance’: Amal; characteristics; Hamas; Hizbullah; influence; jihad; Lebanese support for; Taif; Tripoli

Israel: air power; army; Army Rabbinate; birth of; border wars; casualties in Lebanon; civilian casualties (2006); cross-border reprisals; ‘deterrent power’; elections (2009); ethnic cleansing of Palestinians; Gaza attack (2008-9); Gaza ceasefire (2009); Gaza war aim (2008-9); Hizbullah strategy; invasion of Egypt (Suez War); invasion of Lebanon (1978); invasion of Lebanon (1982); invasion of Lebanon (2006); Iran relations; Jordan peace treaty; Knesset; Lebanon occupation; Lebanon peace agreement (17 May 1983); Lebanon relations; Lebanon Wars; Lebanon withdrawal (1978); Lebanon withdrawal (1985); Lebanon withdrawal (2000) Lebanon withdrawal strategy (2006); massacres of Palestinians; peace treaty with Egypt; peace with; ‘periphery doctrine’; public opinion; reputation after Gaza (2009); responses to Sabra and Shatila massacres; ‘right to exist’; settlements; strategy against Hizbullah; territorial expansion policy; territory proposed; US relations weaponry

Israel Defence Forces (IDF): attacks on civilians; ethics; Gaza (2009); Lebanon (2006); name; role; Sabra and Shatila

Israel Insider, The

Issacharoff, Avi

Jaber, Ali

Jabotinsky, Vladimir

Jamal, Khalil al-

Japanese Red Army

Javits, Jacob, Senator

Jawad, Wahib

Jazeera, al-

Jazira plain

Jebel Amil

Jerusalem, East, Jewish settlements

Jerusalem, liberation: as common Muslim cause; Hizbullah aim

Jerusalem Day

Jerusalem Post: on 9/11; on Grunzweig’s death; on Hizbullah; on Israeli army; on Lebanon invasion (1982); on Qana-II; on Sabra and Shatila

Jewish Agency

Jewish Council

Jezzin, resort

Jibril, Ahmad

Jibsheet, village

Jihad : goals; Hizbullah activities; Hizbullah aim; Iran policy; Saudi policy; Sudan call for; volunteers from Syria

Jihad al-Bina (Jihad for Construction Foundation)

Johnson, Lyndon, President

Jordan (earlier Transjordan): army; Ben-Gurion’s partition plan; ‘Black September’ (1970); expulsion of Arafat; Fatah base; Hashemite monarchy; Israel relations; Israeli peace treaty; Palestinian refugees; response to Israeli war with Lebanon (2006); US ally

Jordan river

Jumblat, Kemal

Jumblat, Walid: Hizbullah relations; imprisonment; Iran relations; Lebanese opposition leadership; on Lebanese situation; political manoeuvring; Syria relations

Junieh, port

Kaddoum, West Bank settlement

Kahan, Itzhak

Kahan Commission and Report

Kahhaleh

Kaouk, Nabil, Sheikh

Kaplinsky, Moshe

Kaplinsky, Or

Karameh, battle of

Karami, Omar

Karami, Rashid

Karime-A affair

Kaspit, Ben

Kassir, Samir

Katyusha missiles: Beirut artillery duels; firing positions; Hizbullah arsenal; Hizbullah cross-border use; inaccurate; Israeli defence against; Karine-A affair; Kiryat Shmona hit by; Lebanese; payment for; Palestinian arsenal; Qana claims; range

Kayban

Kaylani, Joseph

Kenaan, Ghazi, General

Khaddam, Abdul Halim

Khalde: junction; port

Khalidi, Rashid

Khalidi, Walid

Khalil, Hussein

Khamenei, Ali, Ayatollah

Khatami, President

Khatib, Ahmad, Lieutenant

Khomeini, Ruhollah, Ayatollah: Arafat relations; ceasefire (1988); death; expulsion from Iraq; Hizbullah origins; Iraq war; ‘Islamic order’; Israel policy; Lebanon policy; ‘martyrdom operations’; overthrow of Shah; Palestinian relations; political gospel; portraits; Syria relations; US policy

Khorramshahr, port city

Khouri, Bishara al-, President

Khouri, Rami

kidnappings

Kilburn, Peter

Kima, Adam, Lieutenant

King-Crane Commission

Kiryat Shmona: Begin’s pledge; first missile attack; guerilla raid; hang-glider attack on barracks; Israeli revenge threat; missile targeting; refugees; rocket attacks; shelters

Kissinger, Henry

Kivunim

Kol Ha‘’ir

Koran

Kristol, William

Kurds, Iraqi

Kuwait, Iraqi invasion

Labour Party, British

Labour Party, Israeli

Lahd, Antoine, General

Lahoud, Emile, President

Latvia

Lavon, Pinhas

League of Arab States

League of Nations

Lebanese Arab Army (LAA)

Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Factions

Lebanese Central Bank

Lebanese Forces

Lebanese Front

Lebanese National Resistance Front

Lebanon: air force; army; assassinations of anti-Syrian personalities; Baath party; birth of; border controls; ‘cantons’; ceasefire (2006); civil war (1958); civil war (1975-90); civil war (1975-6); civilian casualties (2006); disintegration prospects; elections; Fatah relations; French mandate; government (coalition); government (‘security regime’); history; Hizbullah coup; Hizbullah election performance (2009); Hizbullah status; independence (1943); Independence Intifada (Cedar Revolution); Iran relations; ‘Islamic resistance’; ‘Islamic state’ plans; Israel relations; Israeli invasion (1978); Israeli invasion (1982); Israeli invasion (2006); Israeli occupation; Israeli withdrawal (1978); Israeli withdrawal (1985); Israeli withdrawal (2000); Israeli withdrawal strategy (2006); Israeli withdrawal from Strip (2000); Israeli withdrawal from Strip (2009); Jewish community; kidnapping of foreigners; location; municipal elections; newspaper industry; ‘opposition’ (‘8 March’); Palestinian refugees; Palestinian withdrawal; parliament; parliamentary elections; peace agreement (17 May 1983); population; premiership; presidency; presidential crisis (2007); presidential election (1982); public opinion; religious communities; ‘second Republic’; ‘security regime’; security services; ‘Sheba‘a Farms’; Shiite community; size; Syrian presence 204; territory; tourism; ‘uprising’ (February 1984); war (2006)

Lebanon, Mount

Lebanon Wars: First (1982); Second (2006)

Ledeen, Michael

Levy, David

Libya, US raid

Lieberman, Avigdor

Lieven, Anatole

Likud Party

Litani river: buffer zone; Hizbullah activities; Hizbullah positions; Israeli advance (1948); Israeli advance (2006); Israeli interventionist policy; Operation Litani; ‘security zone’; strategic importance

Little Pines

Livni, Tzipi

Lloyd, Selwyn

London, assassination attempt

‘Lovers of Zion’

Lubrani, Uri

Maariv

MacBride, Sean

McFarlane, Robert

Madrid peace conference

Maglan reconnaissance unit

Mahdi

Malakiyya, capture

Malik, Charles

Maliki, Nouri

Mamluks

Manar, al- (television station)

Manchester Guardian

Mao Zedong

Marcus, Yoel

Maronite Church

Maronites: ‘Arabists’; history; intra-Maronite civil war; Israeli policy towards; Lebanese Front; Lebanese presidency; loss of primacy; militias; ‘pro-Zionists’; relationship with Palestinians; support for Hizbullah; Zionist relations

Maroun al-Ras

Marounistan

‘martyrdom’

Martyrs’ Foundation

Marwaheen, village

Maslakh-Karantina

Mehlis, Detlev

Meidoun, Hizbullah stronghold

Meir, Golda

Meretz

Meridor, Yaacov

Mesha’al, Khalid al-

Middle East Airlines

Misrah, Haim, Major

Mitchell, George

Mohtashemi, Ali Akhbar: ambassador to Damascus; Hizbullah relations; hostages issue; Palestinian relations

Mollet, Guy

Monitoring Group

Montazeri, Ahmad

Montazeri, Hussein Ali, Ayatollah

Montefiori, Sir Moses

Mossad

Motevasselian, Ahmad

Mousavi, Mir-Hussein

Moussa, Amr

Movement of the Deprived

Mubarak, Husni, President

Mubarak, Ignace, Archbishop of Beirut

Mufti of Damascus, Grand

Mufti of Jerusalem, see also Husseini

Mughniyah, Imad, Haj

Mugrabi, Dalal

Muhaidily, Sanaa

Muir, Jim

mujahideen: achievements; Dabshe assault; Egyptian; families of; hostages issue; Nasrallah’s policy; religious zeal

Munich Olympic Games (1972)

Murawiec, Laurent

Murphy, Robert

Musawi, Abbas, Sheikh

Musawi, Hussein

Muslim Brotherhood

Mussolini, Benito

Muzaber, Mona

Naba’a

Nabatiyah

Naftali, tribe of

Nahar, al-

Nahariya: Begin-Sharon- Gemayel meeting; rocket attacks

Nahr al-Barid

Nakba, al- (the Catastrophe)

Nasr Brigade

Nasrallah, Hassan: Amal defection; background; Beirut demonstration (2005); birthplace; capture of Israeli hostages (2006); direct action (2006-7); Egypt relations; election results (2009); exchange of prisoners; funeral oration for Mughniyah; Gaza policy; Hizbullah arms policy; Hizbullah career; Hizbullah election; Iran relations; Israeli assassination threat; Israeli attacks on (2006); Israeli view of; jibad policy; Lebanese government relations; Lebanese public opinion of; military capabilities; on Arab ‘kings and presidents’; on Hizbullah ‘global reach’; on Islamic Jihad; on origins of Hizbullah; on Palestinian suicide bombing; policies; promise to secure Quntar release; reputation and status; response to Gaza (2008-9); response to Hariri’s assassination; UN relations; US relations; victory address (2000); victory address (2006); view of Israel; war policy (2006); war strategy (2006)

Nasser, Gamal Abdel, President: fedayeem incursions; Israel relations; Lebanon relations; Nasrallah comparison; Nasserism; overthrow of Farouk; Palestinian relations; pan-Arab nationalism; power struggle; Six-Day War (1967); Suez (1956); US relations; weaponry

National Bulletin

National Movement

National Pact

National Salvation Committee

National Syrian Socialist Party (NSSP)

Nationalist Group in Syria and Lebanon

NATO

‘nature reserves’

Ne’eman, Yuval

Netanyahu, Binyamin

New York Times

Newman, Louis, Rabbi

newspapers

Newsweek

Nicaragua, Contra insurgency

Norwegian peace-keepers

Obama, Barack, President

Obeid, Abdul Karim, Sheikh

Olmert, Ehud: boasts; ceasefire diplomacy; Gaza siege; Israeli public opinion of; Lebanon war (2006); military leadership; response to prisoner exchange; US relations; view of ‘one-state solution’; war policy; war strategy (2006)

Olympic Games (1972)

Operation Accountability: aftermath; aim; ceasefire; fiasco; Iran influence; strategy

Operation Cast Lead

Operation Deir Yassin

Operation Desert Storm

Operation Grapes of Wrath: aftermath; aim; fiasco; Iran influence; origins; Qana massacre; strategy; US view

Operation Hiram

Operation Just Reward

Operation Litani

Operation Peace in Galilee

Operation Shield

Operation Summer Rains

Operation True Promise

Operation Web of Steel

Oppenheimer, Yariv

Organization of Islamic Countries

Organization of the Oppressed of the Earth

Orient Le Jour

Orr, Ori, General

Oslo: accord (1993); peace process

Ottoman Empire

Ouzai, port

Oz, Amos

Padfield, Philip

Palestine: Balfour Declaration; border lands; British Mandate; independence wishes; partition proposals; population; problem

Palestine Liberation Army

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO): Arafat’s role; Beirut departure; Beirut HQ; creation; Fatah; Hamas relations; Hizbullah relations; Israeli strategy against; ‘moderation’; origins; renunciation of territorial rights; renunciation of violence; status

Palestine National Charter

Palestine National Council (PNC)

Palestinian Authority (PA)

Palestinians: as ‘Arabs‘; ethnic cleansing of; guerillas in Lebanon; Hizbullah relations; nationalism; refugees; removal proposed; ‘the Return’; solidarity with

pan-Arab nationalism: ANM; Baathism; British response to; Lebanese position; Nasser’s role; rise; words for; Zionist relations

Paris student uprising

Pappe, Ilan

Pax Americana

Pax Israelica

Pax Syriana

Peace Now movement

‘peace process’: Arafat’s role; Asad’s participation; goal; Hizbullah designated enemy of; interminable; Iran’s policy; Kissinger; Oslo; pronounced dead; Sharm al-Sheikh conference; today; US role

Peel Report

Peres, Shimon,

Peretz, Amir

Perle, Richard

Perry, Mark

Persian Gulf

Phalange party, Phalangists: Bashir assassination; foundation; Gemayel regime; Hizbullah’s view of; intelligence chief; Israel relations; Lebanese army relations; militias; Palestinian relations; presidential election (1982); Sabra and Shatila; sectarian cleansing; Syria relations; West Beirut salient

Phoenicians

Picco, Giandomenico

Plan Dalet

Podhoretz, Norman

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP): Athens airport attack; General Command; Hizbullah relations; leadership; murders of UN peace-keepers; origins; policies; rocket attacks; Tel Aviv airport massacre

Porat, Yehoshua, Professor

Powell, Colin

pre-emption, policy of

Progressive Socialist Party

Qaeda, al-: appeal for Sunni — Shiite unity; OIC response to; role; Syrian intelligence; US association with Hizbullah; US neoconservative approach; US view of; Wahhabite extremists

Qana: massacre (1996, Qana-1); massacre (2006, Qana-11)

Qardawi, Yusif al-, Sheikh

Qasim, Naim

Qassam, Izzeddin, Sheikh

Qassam: brigades; rockets

Qassir, Ahmad

Quntar, Samir

Rabin, Yitzhak

Rafah crossing point

Rafsanjani, Ali Akhbar

Ramat Yochanan

Ramazani, R. K.

Ramon, Haim

Rapaport, Amir

Reagan, Ronald, President: 17 May agreement; Asad relations; cluster bombs; ‘Irangate’; Israel relations; Lebanon relations; peace plan; response to Israeli air onslaught; response to Marine barracks bombing; response to Sabra and Shatila; response to Shiite uprising; special envoy

Reagan peace plan

refugee camps: demolition by Israeli invaders; Hizbullah flags; Intifada of the camps; Palestinians in Lebanon; ‘war of the camps’; see also Bourj al-Brajneh, Sabra and Shatila

Regev, Eldad

Revisionist Zionists

Revolutionary Organization of Socialist Muslims

Rice, Condoleezza: ceasefire diplomacy; Lebanon policy; ‘new Middle East’ policy; response to Qana-II massacre

Ritter, Scott

Roed-Larsen, Terj

Rokach, Livia

Rothschild, Baron Edmond-James de

‘rules of the game’, Lebanese warfare

Rumsfeld, Donald

Russia

Saad, Maarouf

Saad-Ghorayeb, Amal

Sabra and Shatila refugee camps: aftermath of massacre; attacked by Lebanese forces; al-Dahiya; ‘Fakhani Republic’; guarantees of safety; Intifada of the camps; Israeli air raids; Israeli forces; living conditions; massacre; Sharon’s strategy; ‘war of the camps’

Sadat, Anwar, President: Asad relations; assassination; peace-seeking diplomacy; peace treaty with Israel; pilgrimage to Jerusalem

Saddam Hussein: arms supplies; Asad relations; defeat (2003); expulsion of Iranians; Gulf War; Iran war; Israel relations; Kuwait invasion; Shiite relations; US neoconservative policy towards

Sadr, Baqr, Ayatollah

Sadr, Musa

Safavid dynasty

Safir al-

Saiqa

Salam, Saeb

Salibi, Kamal

Saliha massacre

Salman, Talal

Salti, Rasha

SAM missiles

Samaha, Joseph

Samne, George

Sarkis, Elias

Sassoon, Isaac

Saud al-Faisal, Prince

Saudi Arabia: CIA truck-bombings payment; Consultative Council; Israel relations; Palestinian relations; response to Israeli war with Lebanon (2006); Shiite community; Sunni jihadists; Taif Agreement; US relations; Wahhabite Islam

Sayigh, Rosemary

Sayyid, Jamil

Schiff, Zeev

Schlesinger, James

Schulze, Kirsten

Scott, C. P.

Sderot, border town

Second World War

Seurat, Michel

Sfard, Michael

Sfeir, Butros, Cardinal

Sfeir, Najib

Sfeir, Nasrallah, Archbishop

Shalit, Gilad, Corporal

Shamir, Yitzhak

Shamkani, Ali

Shamran, Mustafa

Sharett, Moshe

Shari‘a

Sharm al-Sheikh: conference; occupation of

Sharon, Ariel, General: Bashir Gemayel presidency; Bush relations; cross-border raids; defence minister; incitement of second Intifada; interventionist policy; Iran policy; Kahan Report on; Lebanon strategy; Palestinian policy; premiership; Sabra and Shatila massacres; Syria policy; US policy towards

Sharon Plan

Sharqiyah

Shatila refugee camp, see Sabra and Shatila

Shawkat, Asef

‘Sheba‘a Farms’

Shiite Muslims: attitude to Israelis; attitude to Palestinian refugees; clerics; communities in Middle East; defections from national army; effects of Israeli invasion; holy cities; intra-sectarian battles; intra-Shiite wars; Iran; Iraq; Lebanese border; Lebanese civil war; Lebanese politics; Lebanese population; militia, see Amal; refugees; response to Hariri’s death; ‘Shiite crescent’; territory; ‘uprising’

Shiqaqi, Fathi

Shira’a, al-

Shishakli, Adib, Colonel

Shlaim, Avi

Shouf mountains

Shultz, George

Siddiqin, capture

Sidon: annexation (1920); Israeli evacuation (1985); Israeli landing (1982); Israeli visitors; Muslim community; refugee camps; street protests (1969); Zionist colony

Sinai

Sinai II

Siniora, Fuad: abduction of Israeli soldiers; Asad’s view of; Hizbullah relations; premiership; presidential crisis; US relations

Sixth War (2006)

Siyam, Abdullah

Sneh, Ephraim

Sneh, Moshe

Solomon, King

Souq al-Gharb front

South Lebanese Army (SLA): captured by Hizbullah; casualties; creation; Hizbullah actions against; Israeli relations; Lebanese army integration; refugees from

Soviet Union: Afghan war; arms supplies; collapse; Egypt relations; PLO recognition; PLO relations; relationship with Arab regimes; Syria relations; US relations

Stern Gang

Strip (‘security zone’): artillery; birth of; Hizbullah occupation; Hizbullah operations; Israeli casualties; Israeli parliamentary visit; Israeli plans; Israeli presence; Israeli withdrawal (2000), Israeli withdrawal (2009); leadership; PLO operations; size

‘Student Revolution’

Sudan, support for Hizbullah

Suez War

suicide operations: Hamas; Hizbullah; Iraq; Islamic Jihad; Israeli; Israeli retaliation for; ‘martyrdom’; new weapon; Palestinian; resistance operations; US embassy bombing; US Marine barracks; volunteers

Suker, Jesse

Suleiman, Michel, General

Sulh, Riad

Sunni Muslims: Arab order; Beirut defeat (2008); Hamas; Iraq; Lebanese population; Lebanese premiership; Lebanon; Jerusalem liberation culture; militias; Palestinians; relationship with Zionists; response to Lebanese Shiite militias; support for Hizbullah; Syria; territory; West Beirut

Sur al-Gharbiyah, village

Sykes-Picot agreement (1916)

Syria: Amal relations; army in Lebanon; Baathist regime; Damascus declaration (2005); defeat (1973); fall of Shishakli regime; Fatah relations; French mandate; Hizbullah relations; independence wishes; Iran relations; Iraq policy; Lebanese civil war; Lebanon policy, Lebanon withdrawal (1982); Lebanon withdrawal (2005); Palestinian relations; pan-Arabism; peace feelers; response to Hizbullah victory (2006), ‘Sheba’a Farms’; ‘shield’; Shiite Muslims; Soviet relations; support for Lebanese rebels; Taif Agreement; US relations; wars with Israel

Syrie, la

Taheri, Amir

Taif Agreement (1989)

Tal, Wasfi al-

Tal al-Za’atar

Taliban

Tegart Line

Tehiya Party

Tehran: conference (1989); Evin gaol

Tel Aviv: airport massacre (1972); army HQ; Hizbullah threat to; Lebanese visitors; services; trade fair

‘terror’ and ‘self-defence’

Tigers, Maronite militia

Tiran, Straits of

tourism

Transjordan: British Mandate; emirate; see ealso Jordan

Treaty of Brotherhood, Co-operation and Co-ordination

Tripoli

Troutbeck, Sir John

Tufayli, Subhi al-, Sheikh

Tveit, Karsten

TWA airliner hijacking (1985)

Tyre: annexation; Israeli advance (2006); Israeli landings (1982); Israeli visitors; killing of Lebanese fishermen (1977); population; refugee camps; suicide bombing

Umma

UNIFIL: buffer zone deployment; ceasefire reports; ceasefire role (2006); creation; Hizbullah attacks; Hizbullah ‘nature reserves’; Israeli invasion of Lebanon; Israeli view of; Israeli withdrawal; peace-keepers killed; Qana massacre; reports on Hizbullah; witnesses to Israeli brutality

Unit

United Nations (UN): Charter; General Assembly; Hariri assassination investigation; Lebanon’s representative; Palestine recommendations (1947); Relief and Works Agency; Security Council Resolution 425 (1978); Security Council Resolution 1559 (2004); Security Council Resolution 1701 (2006); Truce Supervision Organization

United States (US): ambassador to Beirut; Eisenhower Doctrine; forces in Lebanon; ‘friends’ of America; ‘friends of Israel’; Gaza border security agreement; Hizbullah policy; Iran policy; ‘Irangate’; Iraq war (2003); Israel relations; Jewish lobby; Lebanese public opinion of; Lebanon ceasefire diplomacy (1996); Lebanon intervention (1958); Lebanon peace negotiations (1983); Lebanon policy; Lebanon’s delegate in; Marines; Middle East policy (1919); National Security Strategy (2002); neoconservative Middle East strategy; responses to Sabra and Shatila massacres; Sixth Fleet; Syria relations; view on invasion of Lebanon; ‘war on terror’; West Beirut guarantee

Ussishkin, Menahem

Van Kappen, Frank

Vast, Vali

Veliotes, Nicolas

Versailles peace conference (1919)

Village Leagues

Vilnai, Matan

Wadi Abu Jamil

Wadi Salouqi

Wahhabite Muslims

Warger, Jarle, Private

Warsaw Ghetto

Washington Institute for Near East Policy

Washington Post

Washington Times

Wazzan, Shafiq

Weekly Standard

Weinberger, Caspar

Weitz, Joseph

Weizmann, Chaim: Arab-Israeli war (1948); Faisal agreement; land purchases; Lebanon government relations; Maronite relations; on Mufti; on Qassam’s movement; planning for Jewish state; Sidon plans

Weizmann, Ezer

Welch, David

West Bank: Abbas regime; elections; Fatah activities; guerilla raids (1982); Israeli Jordanian deal; Israeli re-invasion (2002); Jewish settlements; Palestinian exodus to; Palestinian ‘two-state solution’; PLO leadership; Reagan peace plan; Sharon’s plans; Village Leagues

Wilkinson, Ray

Wilson, Woodrow

Wingate, Orde

Winograd commission

Wolfowitz, Paul

World Zionist Organization

Yafi, Abdullah

Yammoune, village

Yarin, AFL offensive

Yaron, Amos, General

Yassin, Ahmad, Sheikh

Yediot Aharonot

Yemen, support for Hizbullah

Yezid, Caliph

Ymon, Oded

Yishai, Eli

Yishuv

Yisrael Beitenu party

Young, Michael

Zaim, Husni, General

Zangwill, Israel

Zionist movement: Arab relations; Arab view of; Balfour Declaration; British relations; businesses in Lebanon; development of Jewish state; King-Crane Commission; Lebanese government relations; Lebanon land purchases; Lebanon visitors; left-wing; Maronite relations; militia; Revisionist school; territorial ambitions; terrorist groups; view of Arabs

Zionist Organization in Palestine

Zur, Guy, General