Aconcio, Giacomo, 180
Africa, 224–26
After Babel (Steiner), 221
and modernity, 15
Amato, Giuliano, 212
ancient culture, 134, 136, 148
Andenas, Mads, 218
Anderson, Benedict, 30
Modernity at Large, 32
Arab Human Development Report, 236
Arendt, Hannah, 130, 136, 138, 185, 208–9, 220, 230
Arouet, François-Marie. See Voltaire
Asian values, 51, 54–55, 59–63, 217, 228, 230
Augustine, 20
Ayer, Alfred, 177
Babel (film), 222
Balibar, Étienne, 210
Barber, Benjamin, 28
Barbeyac, 89
Barthes, Roland, 222
Bataille, Georges, 136, 145, 149, 171
on Hegel, 145–46
The Notion of Expenditure, 145
on sacred and society, 149–50
on unproductive expenditure, 145–47
Baudrillard, Jean, 3
Bellah, Robert, 160
belonging, 219
Bendix, Reinhad, 140
Benveniste, 172
Berlin, Isaiah, 66, 103, 165–68, 173
Bhabha, Homi, 231
Bill of Rights (US), 99
Bin Laden, Osama, 64
biopolitics, 24–25, 39, 97, 189, 191, 217
Blumenberg, Hans, 110
Boccaccio, 179
Böckenförde, Ernst-Wolfgang, 88, 96, 205–7
Colloquium heptaplomeres, 180
border, 185–86, 189, 191–92, 244
defined, 186
Borges, Jorge Luis, 64
Brague, Rémi, 210
Bretton Woods, 133
Britain, 37
and European Union, 218
Brunner, Otto, 96
Caille, Alain, 142
Caillois, Roger, 145, 149–50, 171
Calas, Jean, 176
Calvino, Italo, 178
Candide (Voltaire), 178
Cangiani, Michele, 133
capitalism, 16, 59–60, 131, 134–36, 138–40, 148, 162
and crisis, 132
and domination, 25
and individualism, 217
print, 30
spirit of, 57
as universal uprooting, 162
and unproductive expenditure, 146
Cavalieri, Renzo, 227
Cereno, Benito, 127
Charter of Fundamental Rights (EU), 199–201, 210–11, 215, 219
China, 34, 48–50, 53, 55, 57–58, 60–62, 70, 153, 180–81, 227, 229–30
identity in, 231
choice, 234–35
Christianity, 55
and identity, 200
Ciampi, Carlo Azeglio, 200
Cipolla, Carlo, 227
citizenship, 39, 165, 183, 204, 207
civilisations:
clash of, 15, 27, 46, 226, 230
polycentric development of, 54
and religion, 15
See also Occident; Orient
civil law, 86, 99–100, 108n, 117, 170, 218
class, 161–63
Coca-Cola, 143
code, and nature, 191–92
Cohen, Jean, 104
collective, 163
collective democracy, 103
collective identity, 50, 164, 203–4
collective individual, 230
Collège de Sociologie, 142, 146, 149, 153, 171
Colloquium heptaplomeres (Bodin), 180
Columbus, Christopher, 9–10
common good, 168
common law, 86, 89, 99–100, 108n, 169, 218
communication, 19, 27, 30, 33, 80–81, 84, 193, 195, 204
See also media; technology
Communist Manifesto (Marx and Engels), 23, 163
community, 130
demand for, 30
democracy’s paradox, 173–74, 238, 244
imagined, 19, 30–31, 51, 58, 63–65
and colonisation, 51
in individual, 143–44, 193, 232
invention of, 65
return of, 72
conflict:
and identity, 15, 17, 19, 41, 44, 64–65, 73, 96, 104, 220
interest vs identity, 104
and neutralisation, 94–95, 120
Confucianism, 55–62, 227, 229–31
Constant, Benjamin, 121
constituent power, 205–9
constitution:
in Africa, 224–25
as foundation of state, 202
no studies on making of, 209
without state, 219
See also Europe, constitutionalisation of
continental model, 10, 86, 94, 98, 100, 103, 170
and difference, 243
and identity, 82–83
continuity:
and discontinuity, 4, 20, 241–42
and identity, 196
corporate pluralism, 42, 103, 133, 136
cosmic exile, 233
cosmopolitanism of difference, 232, 239
Crisma, Amina, 226
Critique of Pure Reason (Kant), 186
Croce, Benedetto, 118
The Crown as Corporation (Maitland), 89
cultural differences and group identity, 32–33
ancient vs primitive, 134, 136, 148
concept of, and supremacy, 49
and confrontation, 168
and difference, 31–32
global, 34
and identity, 223
importance of, 27–28
and perspective, 170
plurality of, 62
and subject, 103
US monopoly waning, 31
culture/nature, 189
Curtius, Ernst Robert, 109
cyberspace, 22
Dahl, Robert, 173
De Bary, William Theodore, 58
decisionism, 94, 107, 111–17, 123, 126
etymology of, 115
and political, 122
and state, 117
and technology, 122
Declaration of Independence (US), 100, 226
Declaration of the Rights of Man (1789), 100, 226
The Decline of the West (Spengler), 11
Dee, John, General and Rare Memorials Pertaining to the Perfect Art of Navigation, 37
De jure belli ac pacis (Grotius), 180
Deleuze, Gilles, 38, 79, 196, 245
A Thousand Plateaus, 79
Delors, Jacques, 209
collective, 103
conceptual problems, 170–71
deliberative, 104
end of, 97
and marginalisation, 169
paradoxical community, 173–74, 238, 244
and subject, 167
and tolerance, 182–83
Denninger, Erhard, 220
Derrida, Jacques, 5–6, 21–23, 25, 70, 147, 210
determinate market, 143
diagonal sciences, 150
différence, 156
difference, 15–16, 30, 43, 77, 82–83, 185–87, 192, 236
and contingency, 243
and culture, 31–32
and history, 167
and identity, 18, 183, 192, 196–97, 212, 245
Europe between, 212
normativity excluded, 104
politics of, 68, 72, 80, 104, 159, 217
production of, 33
sexual, 188–89
and universalism, 105, 161, 168, 170, 223, 243
and world, 196
Die Diktatur (Schmitt), 108
Discours sur l’histoire universelle (Bossuet), 180
disenchantment of world, 47, 54, 56, 58, 141
dispositif, 24, 41, 50, 93, 131, 135, 156, 159, 161, 172, 181, 191, 194, 197, 219
Dizionario di politica (Bobbio, Matteucci, and Pasquino), 160
Dopo il Leviatano (Marramao), 93, 152, 243
Douglas, Mary, 172
Drake, Francis, 9
Dumont, Louis, 162–63
Durkheim, Émile, 170
echo chamber, individual as, 78
economic animal, 145
economy, 132, 135, 139, 143, 148
and modernity, 141
defined, 39
and sovereignty, 39
of democracy, 97
of nation state, 97
of work, 21–22
of world, 7–8
enemy/friend, 118–19, 121, 126
environmentalism, 152
Enzensberger, Hans Magnus, 71
Epistle on Tolerance (Locke), 180
equality, liberty, fraternity, 157, 160–61
Essai sur le don (Mauss), 142, 147
ethics, 69, 73, 78–79, 84, 104, 164, 167
Europe:
constitutionalisation of, 199–220, 245
Charter of Rights, 199–201, 210–11, 215, 219
constituent power, 205–9
Grimm on, 202–3
Habermas on, 203–5
between identity and difference, 212
cultural heritage, 218
defined, 212
and euro, 215
exception of, 50–51
and globalisation, 217
from protected to risk, 201
xenophobia in, 216
European Law Journal, 202
European Union, 199, 202–3, 210, 212, 215–16, 218, 225
and Britain, 218
Ex Captivitate Salus (Schmitt), 108, 125
feminism, 43, 77, 82, 104, 187, 189, 192, 245
Fernández, Macedonio, 3
Ferrajoli, Luigi, 101–2
Figgis, John Neville, 99
Fischer, Joschka, 204
flourishing, 234–35
Focus, 209
Fondazione Basso, 199, 201, 218
Foucault, Michel, 93, 145, 171, 187
Fraenkel, Ernst, 103
Fraser, Nancy, 235
fraternity, 160–61
free market, 132–33
friend/enemy, 118–19, 121, 126
fundamentalism, 19, 54, 64, 169, 183, 232, 235
business, 57
and community, 30
and market, 142
and Occident, 80
proliferation of, 33
fundamental rights, 99–100
Galimberti, Umberto, 24
Geertz, Clifford, 171
Gehlen, Arnold, 158
Gellner, Ernest, 233
General and Rare Memorials Pertaining to the Perfect Art of Navigation (Dee), 37
Giannini, Massimo Severo, 96, 107
Gierke, Otto von, 99
gift, 147–48
Gilson, Etienne, 6
global:
criterion of, 25–26
false premise of, 131
as metanarrative, 20
as presence of the absent, 19
See also locality
global age, 2, 4, 20, 63, 126–27
globalisation, 1–68, 72, 97, 214–15
circumnavigable globe, 8–10
continuity/discontinuity, 4, 20, 241–42
and crisis of market, 131
and difference, 31
and Europe, 217
first use of, 13
and individualism, 230
lexicography of, 5
and modernity, 8–9
and mondializzazione, 5–8, 10, 12, 14, 25–26
originality of, 35
question of, 46
turning point of, 10–11
understanding of, 14
and unversalism, 215
and Western culture, 9–10
and world-picture, 8–9
See also localisation
globe:
circumnavigable, 8–10
The Globe (Shakespeare), 37
glocal, 14–16, 26–29, 31, 33, 36, 72, 97, 153, 185, 214, 216, 242
defined, 34–35
Gnoli, Antonio, 22
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 158
Gonzáles Iñárritu, Alejandro, 222
Gramsci, Antonio, Prison Notebooks, 143
The Great Transformation (Polanyi), 129, 133, 137
Grimm, Dieter, 202–4
‘Does Europe Need a Constitution?’, 202
Grotius, Ugo, De jure belli ac pacis, 180
Guattari, Félix, 38
A Thousand Plateaus, 79
Guéhenno, Jean-Marie, 97
Gutmann, Amy, 235
Habeas Corpus Bill (1679), 99
Habermas, Jürgen, 20, 35, 52, 66–67, 74–75, 140, 199, 202, 211–12, 214–15, 219, 228, 233, 243
on European constitutionalisation, 203–5
The Postnational Constellation, 199
Hamlet, 237
happiness, 234–35
Haraway, Donna, 82, 189, 192, 196, 245
Hardt, Michael, 38–39
Harvey, David, 26
Havel, Václav, 209
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 6, 8–10, 30, 103, 145, 167, 187, 197, 205, 221
Bataille on, 145–46
Lessons on the Philosophy of History, 48
on Orient/Occident, 48–49
Heidegger, Martin, 7–8, 11, 22–23, 52–53, 70, 84, 123, 187, 243
Heller, Herman, 117
Herder, Johann Gottfried, 6, 78, 103–4, 167–68
Hintze, Otto, 96
Hirschman, Albert O., 132
history, 6
and difference, 167
faith in universal, 53
Hobbes, Thomas, 13, 35–37, 40, 42, 89–90, 102–3, 109, 114, 124, 138, 159, 205, 211, 213–14, 219, 237
Hobsbawm, Eric J., 136
Honneth, Axel, 235
Hooke, Samuel, 171
human flourishing, 234–35
humanity, 158
Humboldt, Alexander von, 9
Hume, David, 196
Hunaidi, Rima Khalaf, 236
Huntington, Samuel, 14–15, 27, 29
hybrid, 232–33
Ianni, Octavio, 16
Ibn ‘Arabi, 231
identity, 233
Chinese, 231
and Christianity, 200
and conflict, 15, 17, 19, 41, 44, 64–65, 73, 96, 104, 220
and contingency, 82–83
and continuity, 196
crisis of, 189
and cultural differences, 32–33
and culture, 223
and difference, 18, 183, 192, 196–97, 212, 245
Europe between, 212
and subjectivity, 193
and technocracy, 98
and universalism, 156
Identity and Violence (Sen), 233
imagined community, 19, 30–31, 51, 58, 63–65
and colonisation, 51
India, 34, 48, 50, 53, 55, 60, 62, 153, 230–31, 234
collective, 230
community within each, 143–44, 193, 232, 245
defined, 72
as echo chamber, 78
and technocracy, 98
individualism, 60, 143–44, 161, 163, 217, 230
industrial revolution, 24, 126, 190, 214
inside/outside, 18–19, 36, 38, 53, 241
International Monetary Fund, 40, 133
Islam, 29, 34, 43, 46, 54–55, 60, 225–26, 232
Jameson, Fredric, 64
Origin and Goal of History, 47
Jellinek, Georg, 100
Jullien, François, 226
Jünger, Ernst, 2, 11, 123, 126
Jünger, Friedrich Georg, 23
jurisprudence, 124–25
justice, 75
Kafka, Franz, 79
Kant, Immanuel, 6, 8, 35, 78, 103, 113, 164, 186–87, 234
Critique of Pure Reason, 186
Kantorowicz, Ernst, 99
Kelsen, Hans, 40, 91–92, 94, 107–8, 113, 116–17, 120–21, 167–68, 206, 211
Keynes, John Maynard, 135, 137
Kirchheimer, Otto, 120
knowledge, concept of, and supremacy, 49
Kojève, Alexandre, 146
Kroeber, Alfred, 32
The Labyrinth, 171
La Mothe le Vayer, 181
Lamprecht, Karl, 139
land, 109, 125–26. See also sea language, 78–79, 191
Lasch, Christopher, 160
latitudinarianism, 179
law:
civil, 86, 99–100, 108n, 117, 170, 218
common, 86, 89, 99–100, 108n, 169, 218
jurisprudence, 124–25
and land, 125
negative conception of, 93
and Schmitt, 107–8
and sovereignty, 101–2
legality and legitimacy, 116, 205
Leninism, 162
Lessons on the Philosophy of History (Hegel), 48
L’Hôpital, Michel de, 105
liberty, equality, fraternity, 157, 160–61
life, 189
philosophy of, 115
See also biopolitics
limit-concept, 111, 114, 186–87
localisation, 5, 9, 19, 26–27, 35, 39, 72, 153, 189, 214–15.
See also global; globalisation; glocal; glocalisation
locality:
production of, 29–31, 33, 35, 242
Locke, John, 113, 177, 179–80, 182
Epistle on Tolerance, 180
Lukes, Steven, 155–56
Lyotard, Jean-François, 20, 26
Maastricht Treaty, 212
Machiavelli, Niccolò, 89
MacIntyre, Alasdair, 160
Magellan, Ferdinand, 9
Magris, Claudio, 71
Maier, Charles S., 103
Recasting Bourgeois Europe, 137
Maimonides, 231
Maitland, William, 99
The Crown as Corporation, 89
Malinowski, Bronisław, 148
Marcuse, Herbert, 182
marginalisation, 169
market, 138–39
determinate, 143
instability of, 132–33
religion of, 142
society irreducible to, 142–43
marketism, 139
Marramao, Giacomo:
Dopo il Leviatano, 93, 152, 243
Minima temporalia, 190
Potere e secolarizzazione, 20, 110
Die Säkularisierung der westlichen Welt, 110
Marsilio of Padua, 180
Marx, Karl, 16, 136, 138–39, 143, 162–63, 187, 227
mass society, 136–37
Matteucci, Nicola, 160
Mauss, Marcel, 145, 148–50, 170
Mayer, Hans, 120
media, 2, 4, 20, 30–31, 80–81, 203, 216
See also communication; technology
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, Signs, 49
metaphysics, 196–97
Minima temporalia (Marramao), 190
Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de, 182
modernity, 8–9, 13–15, 19, 30, 162, 226
and alterity, 15
beginning of, 126
and conflict, 237
decline of, 97
and economy, 141
and excess, 145
and nostalgia, 65
and Occident, 241
Polanyi on, 138
solid into liquid, 45
and sovereignty, 101
successive epochs of, 21
and tradition, 58
transition of, 223
as universal uprooting, 162
and unproductive expenditure, 147
and values, 148
Weber on, 59
and Westphalia, 36
Modernity at Large (Appadurai), 32
Mommsen, Wolfgang, 140
mondializzazione, 5–8, 10, 12, 14, 23, 25–26, 35. See also globalisation
Montaigne, Michel de, 180–81, 229
Morin, Edgar, 157
multiculturalism, 44, 77, 224, 232, 235
mundus, 5, 7, 10, 13, 24. See also global
Musil, Robert, 221
mythos to logos, 48
Myth and Ritual, 171
Nancy, Jean-Luc, 6
nation-state, 13
crisis of, 216
end of, 97
and fraternity, 161
as imaginary community, 19, 31
and nostalgia, 64
and technology, 23
and world-modernity, 41
and code, 191–92
concept of, 190
nature/culture, 189
Negri, Antonio, 38–39
Neumann, Franz, 137–38
neutralisation, 36, 41, 44, 73–75, 77, 94–95, 114, 120–24, 159
NGOs (non-governmental organisations), 40
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 24, 69, 115, 197
Nobel Prize, 158
nomos, 125
Der Nomos der Erde (Schmitt), 94, 109–10, 125–26
norm:
difference excludes, 104
and rationalism, 138, 142, 150–51
Notion of the State (Passerin d’Entrèves), 89
The Notion of Expenditure (Bataille), 145
Nous et les autres (Todorov), 156
object, and subject, 191
Occident:
assertions of, 165–66
continental model, 10, 86, 94, 98, 100, 103, 170
and domination, 151
and fundamentalism, 80
heterogeneity of, 54, 62, 230–31
and modernity, 241
oceanic model, 10, 86, 98, 169
and Orient, 10, 15, 47–63, 158, 231
Asian values, 51, 54–55, 59–63, 217, 228, 230
European exception, 50–51
Hegel on, 48–49
mythos to logos, 48
passage to, 4, 15–16, 65, 68, 241
two halves of, 86–87
See also Western culture; Western rationalism
ocean. See sea
oceanic model, 10, 86, 98, 169
Ockham, William of, 179
Oestreich, Gerhard, 96
Offe, Claus, 215
okzidentaler Rationalismus. See Western rationalism
Oppenheimer, Franz, 139
Orient:
heterogeneity of, 54, 62, 230–31
as homogeneous, 61
and Occident, 10, 15, 47–63, 158, 231
Asian values, 51, 54–55, 59–63, 217, 228, 230
European exception, 50–51
Hegel on, 48–49
mythos to logos, 48
Western supremacy, 48–52, 63, 151
Origin and Goal of History (Jaspers), 47
Ortiz, Renato, 16
Osterhammel, Jürgen, 227
and politics, 237
Panikkar, Raimon, 234
Panofsky, Erwin, 9
Reasons and Persons, 193
Parsons, Talcott, Structure of Social Action, 13
Pasqualotto, Giangiorgio, 227
Pasquino, Gianfranco, 160
Passerin d’Entrèves, Alessandro, 89
Notion of the State, 89
the people, 121, 163, 203–4, 207, 211
persona ficta, 90–91
persuasion, 159
Philoctetes (Sophocles), 82
Philosophical Dictionary (Voltaire), 181
Pizzorno, Alessandro, 171, 212
pluralism, 42–43, 62, 68, 167, 204, 232
Polanyi, Karl, 129–53
and economic, 138–39
on economy and society, 134, 136, 138
‘Economy as Instituted Process’, 139
and gift, 147–48
The Great Transformation, 129, 133, 137
‘Our Obsolete Market Mentality’, 134, 152
Primitive, Archaic and Modern Economies, 145
on rationalism, 130
on sacred and society, 149–50
state and market, 129–32
themes in, 134–35
and unproductive expenditure, 145–47
and Weber, 134, 138–41, 150–51
the political, 40–41, 123, 126–27
and decisionism, 122
defined, 118–20
justice, 75
and nomos, 125
vs political theology, 121
terms, 90
Political Liberalism (Rawls), 44, 74–75
Political Romanticism (Schmitt), 108, 116
Political Theology (Schmitt), 111
political theology, 111–17
vs political, 121
politics, 68
bio-, 24–25, 39, 97, 189, 191, 217
and conflict of values, 67
deficit of, 215
friend/enemy, 118–19, 121, 126
and other, 237
and perspective, 170
and public sphere, 185
techno-, 98
and technology, 2
of translation, 238
without state, 219
Popper, Karl, 182
postmodernism, 20–21
The Postnational Constellation (Habermas), 199
Potere e Secolarizzazione (Marramao), 20, 110
power, 70, 93, 100–101, 172–73
constituent, 205–9
Primitive, Archaic and Modern Economies (Polanyi), 145
primitive culture, 134, 136, 148
Prison Notebooks (Gramsci), 143
privatisation, 130
and politics, 185
Pufendorf, Samuel von, 89
rational behavior, 164–65, 167, 170
rational dialogue, 159
and crisis of state, 131
and economic, 139
Enlightenment, 112
and excess, 141
Polanyi on, 130
polycentric development of, 54
vs religion, 47
vs tradition, 56
and unproductive expenditure, 147
Western, 45–48, 50, 55, 59, 110, 119, 123–24, 134, 140–41, 151, 157, 160, 171, 234, 237
and domination, 151
and jurisprudence, 124
liberty, equality, fraternity, 157, 160–61
Rawls, John, 42, 44, 66, 165, 232, 243
Political Liberalism, 44, 74–75
A Theory of Justice, 74
Reasons and Persons (Parfit), 193
Recasting Bourgeois Europe (Maier), 137
recognition, 44–45, 151, 159, 165, 183, 217, 223, 235–37
indifference towards, 159
and tolerance, 183
Reflections on the World Today (Valéry), 1–3, 12, 53
Relectiones (Vitoria), 102
religion:
and civilisations, 15
of market, 142
vs rationalism, 47
of redemption, 56
universal, 56
See also tolerance
Resta, Eligio, 219
Revue du Mauss, 142
rex, 172
Rifkin, Jeremy, 22
rights, 97–100, 102, 165, 168, 182, 209, 219–20, 224–26, 228–29, 236–37
and belonging, 161
and sovereignty, 100
and technocracy, 98
ritual, 172
Roetz, Heiner, 48
Roman law, 86, 90, 108n, 117, 141
Rome, 6
Rorty, Richard, 160
Rusconi, Gian Enrico, 215
sacred, and society, 149–50, 170–71
Die Säkularisierung der westlichen Welt (Marramao), 110
Salsano, Alfredo, 130
Sandel, Michael, 160
Sassen, Saskia, 17
Schluchter, Wolfgang, 140
Schmitt, Carl, 2, 6, 37, 91–92, 94–95, 107–27, 148, 204, 206, 208
books by, 109–10
Ex Captivitate Salus, 108, 125
Die Diktatur, 108
and Hobbes, 109
and law, 107–8
legality and legitimacy, 116
Der Nomos der Erde, 94, 109–10, 125–26
‘Nomos Nahme Name’, 125
Political Romanticism, 108, 116
Political Theology, 111
on sovereignty, 112
‘Der Staat als Mechanismus bei Hobbes und Descartes’, 109
thought of, 110
and Weber, 116
‘Das Zeitalter der Neutralisierungen und Entpolitisierungen’, 121
Schröder, Gerhard, 204
Schumpeter, Joseph, 136
sea, 10, 37, 109, 119, 126–27. See also land
secularisation, 13–14, 18, 33–34, 37, 46, 86, 95, 102, 110, 121, 123–24, 141, 171, 226, 232, 242
security, 21
as echo chamber, 78
Sen, Amartya, 59–63, 66, 153, 217, 228, 231, 233
continuity thesis, 4
Identity and Violence, 233
on stereotypes, 61–62
Severino, Emanuele, 23
sexual difference, 188–89
Shakespeare, William, 37
Sieyès, Abbé, 207–8
signification, 7–8
Signs (Merleau-Ponty), 49
Sinibaldo dei Fieschi, 91
Sloterdijk, Peter, 8–9
Smith, Adam, 135
and economy, 134
irreducible to market, 142–43
mass, 136–37
and unproductive expenditure, 146–47
Sociology of Religion (Weber), 51, 54, 57, 59, 140, 227
Sophocles, Philoctetes, 82
Soros, George, 131–33
sovereignty, 13, 72, 86, 88, 90–92, 171, 173, 205, 207, 243
defined, 112–14
dispersal of, 212
and Empire, 39–40
erosion of, 41
fragmentation of, 97
and interiorization, 38
internal/external, 101–2
and law, 101–2
manager as, 98
and modernity, 101
neutralize conflict between subjects, 94–95, 120
and persona ficta, 90–91
pluralisation of, 103
and political, 119
and rights, 100
and subject, 103
twilight of, 85
as unproductive expenditure, 146
space-time compression, 19, 26–28, 63, 65
Spengler, Oswald, The Decline of the West, 11
Spinelli, Altiero, 205
state, 13, 35–36, 40–41, 72–73, 124, 137, 170
and class, 162
constitution as foundation of, 202
and decisionism, 117
defined, 88
early uses of, 89–90
and nature, 169
neutralize conflict between subjects, 94–95, 120
and nomos, 125
and nostalgia, 64
politics without, 219
and rights, 100
and technology, 23–24
without constitution, 219
Steiner, George, After Babel, 221
Stiglitz, Joseph, 131
Stirner, Max, 115
Structure of Social Action (Parsons), 13
artificial, 90–91
and culture, 103
and democracy, 167
as multitude, 245
and object, 191
production of, 242–43
and sovereignty, 103
state neutralizes conflict between, 94–95, 120
and technology, 122
and identity, 193
suffering, 238
Taubes, Jacob, 6
Taylor, Charles, 160
technocosm, 24
technocracy, 98
technology, 11–12, 14, 20, 22–25, 46, 72, 80–81, 84, 122, 124, 127, 152
and compression, 27
and decisionism, 122
Earth as spaceship, 126
metaphorical power of, 81
and nation state, 23
and politics, 2
and state, 23–24
and subject, 122
and work, 22
See also communication; media; time-space compression
technopolitics, 98
techno-science, 23
telephone, 80
Tenbruck, Friedrich, 140
theology, political, 111–17
A Theory of Justice (Rawls), 74
Thom, René, 18
A Thousand Plateaus (Deleuze and Guattari), 79
time-space compression, 19, 26–28, 63, 65
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 162
Todorov, Tzvetan, Nous et les autres, 156
tolerance, 176–83
and democracy, 182–83
in Encyclopédie, 182
and human condition, 182
in Philosophical Dictionary, 181
and recognition, 183
Tönnies, Ferdinand, 139
Touraine, Alain, 20
Toynbee, Arnold, 123
tradition:
and modernity, 58
Traité sur la tolérance (Voltaire), 175–79, 181, 238
Tu Wei Ming, 58
American Dream, 78
Bill of Rights, 99
Declaration of Independence, 100, 226
and Empire, 39
monopoly waning, 31
nation of citizens, 204
neoconservative ideology, 232
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 226
universalism, 139–40, 142–43, 151, 153, 226
big chill of, 159
citizenship vs belonging, 161
and class, 161–63
and destiny, 169
and difference, 105, 161, 168, 170, 223, 243
and globalisation, 215
liberty, equality, fraternity, 157, 160–61
paradoxes of, 155–64
and universal uprooting, 162
and values, 155–56
See also Western culture; Western rationalism
universal uprooting, 31, 84, 162
unproductive expenditure, 145–47
utilitarianism, 73–74, 142–43, 149, 164
Valéry, Paul, 38
Reflections on the World Today, 1–3, 12, 53
values, 66, 83, 167, 209–10, 224
conflict of, 74–76, 155, 164–66
and modernity, 148
and politics, 67
rules supplant, 98
and universalism, 155–56
and universal uprooting, 162
Vattimo, Gianni, 194
Veca, Salvatore, 25
Vitoria, Francisco de, Relectiones, 102
Volpi, Franco, 22
Voltaire, François-Marie Arouet de, 96, 175–83, 237
Candide, 178
latitudinarianism, 179
motifs in, 177
Traité sur la tolérance, 175–79, 181, 238
Zadig, 178
Wagner, Richard, 85
Wall Street Crash, 135
Wang Bin, 231
Weber, Max, 16, 47, 50–51, 54–60, 115, 123, 136, 145, 150, 153, 162, 170–71, 227, 242
legality and legitimacy, 116
marketism, 139
on modernity, 59 ‘only in the West’, 140, 145
and Polanyi, 134, 138–41, 150–51
and Schmitt, 116
Sociology of Religion, 51, 54, 57, 59, 140, 227
West. See Occident
Western culture, 140–41
ancient vs primitive, 134, 136
and globalisation, 9–10
See also Occident; universalism
Western-Eastern Divan, 53, 158
Westernisation, 10
Western rationalism, 45–48, 50, 55, 59, 110, 119, 123–24, 134, 140–41, 151, 157, 160, 171, 234, 237
liberty, equality, fraternity, 157, 160–61
See also Occident; universalism
Westphalia, 13, 35–37, 41–42, 94, 213, 216, 233
and modernity, 36
Winckelmann, Johannes, 140
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 11, 191, 193
work:
end of, 21–22
homogeneity of, 26
world:
change in order of, 1–3, 13, 245
circumnavigable, 8–10
and difference, 196
disenchantment of, 47, 54, 56, 58, 141
end of, 7–8
modernity, 14–16, 34, 41, 46, 58, 63–64, 230
notion of, 5
picture of, 8–9
sense of, 7
society, 17–19
World Conference on Human Rights (Asia), 228
Wright, Georg Henrik von, 92
Zadig (Voltaire), 178
zoon politikón, 143
economic animal, 145