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OYSTER PARTS

Culture

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Literature should be my staff

but not my crutch

(Scott: Lockhart’s Life 1830)

There’s little doubt that as a culture we have a passion for a good story well told:

anecdotard (1894) an old man given to telling stories

ackamarackus (US slang 1934) a specious, characteristically involved tale that seeks to convince by bluff

SHAZAM (1940) Solomon’s wisdom, Hercules’ strength, Atlas’s stamina, Zeus’s power, Achilles’ courage and Mercury’s speed (an acronymic magic word like ‘abracadabra’ used to introduce an extraordinary story)

shark-jump (US media jargon 1997) instances that signal the imminent decline of a TV series by introducing plot twists inconsistent with the previous plot

bridges, bridges! (c.1880) a cry to arrest a long-winded story

THE BEST WORDS IN THE BEST ORDER

Poetry too seems to be in the blood, and judging by the activity in pubs around the nation, in no danger of declining:

genethliacon (1589) a poem written for someone’s birthday

amphigory (1809) a poem that seems profound but is nonsense

randle (b.1811) a set of nonsensical verses, repeated in Ireland by schoolboys and young people, who have been guilty of breaking wind backwards before their companions

rhapsodomancy (1727) fortunetelling by picking a passage of poetry at random

musophobist (Swinburne 1880) a person who regards poetry with suspicious dislike

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PENMEN

Scribblers still throng a land where people have long been under the illusion that there is something glamorous about the business of writing:

purlicue (1808) a dash or flourish at the end of a written word

wegotism (1797) the excessive use of ‘we’ in writing (particularly in newspaper editorials)

parisology (1846) the use of ambiguous language or evasive writing

macaronic (1638) mixing words from different languages

Patavinity (1607) the use of local slang or expressions when writing

cloak-father (c.1639) a pretended author whose name is put forth to conceal the real author

CRITICAL MASS

The best advice for authors is Somerset Maugham’s: ‘Don’t read your reviews, dear boy. Measure them’…

Zoilist (1594) a critic, especially one who is unduly severe or who takes joy in faultfinding (after the fourth-century Greek critic)

histriomastix (Tudor–Stuart) a severe critic of playwrights

squabash (1818) to crush with criticism

praise sandwich (US slang Houston 1987) criticism prefaced by and followed by compliments

BOOKS DO FURNISH A ROOM

There remains one important group that no one in the business can afford to take for granted – the dear old readers:

enchiridion (Late Latin 1541) a book carried in the hand for reference

thumbscall (Shropshire) a piece of paper or card inserted in a book to mark a page

bibliotaph (1824) a person keeping his or her books secret or locked up

grille-peerer (1940s) one of a group of clergymen who used to haunt the stacks of the London Library to look up the skirts of women browsing above

to have a face-ticket (British Museum Reading Room 1909) to be so well known to the janitors that one is not asked to present one’s ticket

ARE YOU WORKING?

Sitting in a corner with a mere book has never been enough for another creative group who flourish in our supposedly inhibited culture:

oyster part an actor who appears and speaks or acts only once (like an oyster he opens but once)

nap-nix (c.1860) an amateur playing minor parts for experience

crawk (1930s) a performer acting as an animal imitator

cabotinage (1894) behaviour typical of a second-rate actor or strolling player, implying a tendency to play to the gallery or overact

come back Tuesday pseudo-friendly advice from theatrical directors and management to hopefuls really meaning ‘go away!’

flag-fallen (16C) unemployed (used first of actors: the playhouse flag was lowered where there was no performance)

AGAIN FROM THE TOP

Many are the tricks of the trade to be learnt in this most demanding of callings; and theatre has developed a fine jargon to describe it:

swallow the cackle to learn a part

ping to speak one’s lines softly, with no special emphasis

pong to speak in blank verse after forgetting one’s lines

stagger the first rehearsal without a script in one’s hands

wing to fasten one’s script to one of the wing flats or some part of the scenery when one has failed to learn it properly and thus needs an occasional reference during the performance

Mummerset (J. B. Priestley: Festival at Farbridge 1951) fake peasant accents adopted by actors to denote a supposed rural origin (from a mix of Somerset and mummer)

SMOKE AND MIRRORS

Normal costume apart, a range of cunning accessories assist the thespian’s art:

heart the padding out of their tights by acrobats, actors etc. to prevent an otherwise painful fall

wafters (Geordie) swords made with blunt edges for performers

bronteon (Ancient Greek 1849) a device used in theatre or movies to create thunder

scruto (1853) a spring trap-door, flush with the floor of a stage, for a ghost to rise through, for sudden falls and other effects

pepper’s ghost a trick used to create a ‘ghost’ on stage by using an inclined sheet of plate glass onto which an actor can be projected as if ‘walking through air’

bird’s nest crepe wool used to construct false beards

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LIGHTS UP

But once you’re out there, darling, all you can do is stick to the script and hope for the best:

ventilator a play so appallingly bad that the audience leaves well before the final curtain, and their seats are filled only with fresh air

exsibilation (1640) the collective hisses of a disapproving audience

handcuffed an actor’s description of an audience who will not applaud

stiff (1930s) a terrible joke, rewarded only by silence

soso (1930s) a joke rewarded by a smile, but not a laugh

gravy easy laughs from a friendly audience

crack the monica (music hall jargon c.1860) to ring the bell to summon a performer to reappear

BUMS ON SEATS

Though you may be deep into your role, you’ll still have one eye on the view beyond the footlights:

plush family empty seats in the auditorium (i.e. the plush-covered seats that can be seen from the stage)

paper the house to give away free theatre tickets in order to fill up an undersubscribed performance

whiskey seats seats on the aisle (popular both with critics, who need to get out before the rush and phone in their reviews, and those who like to escape to the bar when the action palls)

baskets are in a full house (from the one-time practice of leaving the prop baskets as security against the income of a touring company: if the house didn’t guarantee the payment of the theatre’s rent, the props were theoretically forfeit)

MAGIC CIRCLE

But let’s please never forget that the stage is not simply a venue for actors. Other fine artists offer equally enjoyable entertainment:

burn (conjuring jargon) staring at the magician’s hands without averting your gaze, no matter what misdirection is thrown

riffle (conjuring jargon) to let cards come out of the hand, creating a noise

grimoire (French 1849) a magician’s manual of black magic for invoking demons

cultrivorous (1846) actual or illusory knife-swallowing

drollic (1743) pertaining to a puppet show

swazzle (1942) a mouthpiece used by a puppeteer to make the squeaking voice of Mr Punch

MORE WHIFFLE

Other performers don’t even need a stage. From break to Morris dance, a pavement or floor is more than enough:

gaff a dancer’s belt, the protection under his tights for his genitals

garlic (17C) a lively jig

applejack (1980s) a basic move to challenge another breakdancer to a competition, squatting down, falling back onto your hands, and kicking one leg high in the air, then springing back onto both legs

whiffler the man with the whip in Morris dancing

CROONERS

Singers, too, can operate anywhere:

griddle (b.1851) to sing in the streets

woodshedding (1976) spontaneous barbershop singing (originally meaning a place to rehearse music privately)

barcarole (French 1779) a gondolier’s song

rumbelow (1315) a meaningless song or refrain sung by sailors while rowing a boat (e.g. Heave Ho or Hey-Ho)

aubade (Franco-Provençal 1678) a song at sunrise

scolion (Ancient Greek 1603) a song sung in turn by the guests at a banquet

ROCK FOLLIES

Though why be a busker when you could be a star? Or at least get as near to one as possible…

guerrilla gig a performance by a band in an unlikely venue, where they play until they are evicted

mosh to engage in uninhibited, frenzied activities with others near the stage at a rock concert (mosh pit the place near the stage at a rock concert where moshing occurs)

wollyhumper a bouncer employed by a rock band to make sure no fans manage to climb on stage while they play or, if they have climbed up, to throw them down again

résumé on a rope a backstage pass

woodpecker people who nod their heads to the music being played while paying no attention

GOGGLE BOX

There is one contemporary venue where almost all performers are happy to be seen; and behind the scenes in TV land, too, a whole rich lingo has grown up:

toss in television news, an onscreen handover from one host to another

golden rolodex the small handful of experts who are always quoted in news stories and asked to be guests on discussion shows

bambi someone who freezes in front of the camera (like a deer caught in headlights)

clambake the possibility of two or three commentators all talking over each other and thus confusing listeners

goldfishing one politician talking inaudibly in an interview (you can see his lips move but only hear the reporter’s words)

WORD JOURNEYS

explode (16C from Latin) to reject; then (17C) to drive out by clapping, to hiss off the stage

tragedy (16C from Ancient Greek) a goat song

anecdote (from Ancient Greek) unpublished things; then (17C) secret history

charm (from Latin carmen) a song; then (13C) an incantation, the singing or reciting of a verse that was held to have magic power

enthusiasm (from Ancient Greek) divinely inspired; then (17C) possession by a god, poetic frenzy; misguided religious emotion