“As long as the earth endures, seedtime and harvest, cold and heat, summer and winter, day and night will never cease.”
~ Genesis 8:22
“The apostles said to the Lord, ‘Increase our faith!’ He replied, ‘If you have faith as small as a mustard seed, you can say to this mulberry tree, “Be uprooted and planted in the sea,” and it would obey you.’ ”
~ Luke 17:5–6
In the summer of 1965 I was 12 years old. On this particular morning my family was asleep. It was 6:30 a.m. when I stepped into our back yard.
The doughty St. Augustine grass irritated my virgin feet, too long the captive of black Keds. The uninvited crabgrass was surreptitiously invading our lawn, unobserved by our 68-year-old colored yard “boy” Aubry. Flexing my feet reminded me that neither I nor the crab grass belonged here this morning. This lawn belonged to my paternal grandmother, whom I cautiously called Mammaw, for she resented being called anything that remotely betrayed her caducity. My cousins called her Granny, but this cognomen was even more unappreciated.
Nonetheless, she was my grandmother and I had to call her something. Thus I tried my best to lay claim to my grandmother by calling her Mammaw but I knew that she really belonged to an era and could never really belong to one little boy, no matter how congenial and fervent his claim was. The rest of the white world called her Mammaw while the African-American world called her Mrs. Mammaw. I don’t think I ever heard her called Mrs. Stobaugh (our last name).
Monday through Friday Aubry rode his bicycle to our property to care for Mammaw’s lawn and flower garden. Today I would hug Aubry and call him friend. Then, he was another colored man, a man with no last name, under the employment of my moneyed family for wages that were scandalously low.
A Southern garden was both afflicted and blessed by a ten-month growing season. It was constantly battling interloping Johnson grass and ravenous rodents. As a result, while Northern flowers, shrubs, and perennials sported vivid colors and vigorous stems vitalized by cool summer evenings and short growing seasons, southern Arkansas begonias and roses had to endure endlessly long, hot summer days. Their paleness was the result of too much sun, not too little. However, commitment to task assured ardent redolence if not inspired accretion.
I loved flowers. I loved my grandmother’s arsenal of yellow daffodils and I loved the skirmish line of black-eyed Susans that allegedly guarded my father’s tomato patch from unscrupulous felines and their hygienic practices, as much as I loved our luscious poor boys. If anyone asked, with fervent self-righteousness we both lied that Mammaw made us do it.
My embarrassingly small feet would do very little damage to Mammaw’s St. Augustine. Russell had size ten and Ricky had size eleven Ds! Russell could bench press 250 pounds and Ricky had run for over a thousand yards last football season. I only sported eight or maybe an eight and a half if I could stuff paper at the end, and I was cut from the football team. It was another of those things that made me different.
After less than two decades I already knew that I was different. For one thing, I liked to hunt game but not to kill game. This made me a human oxymoron. Among Southern notions of chivalry and manliness one planted gardens to raise crops, not flowers. One hunted to kill, not to admire nature. I had already displayed both derelictions.
It was in nature though, in my grandmother’s yard, in the deepest most foreboding Arkansas duck-hunting swamp, that I found repose and insight that I so desperately needed in these halcyon days before the 1960 race riots and assassinations. The forest, the land, was immutable. As long as the earth endures, seedtime and harvest, cold and heat, summer and winter, day and night will never cease. I yearned to be part of this. And although I did not commit my life to Christ until five years later, I found His peace and solitude in this yard, in the surrounding forests, in loving relationships.
“What I like in a good author is not what he says, but what he whispers.”1
— Logan Pearsall Smith
Observation Analysis
The name Protophytes (Protophyta) has been applied to a large number of simple plants, which differ a good deal among themselves. Some of them differ strikingly from the higher plants, and resemble so remarkably certain low forms of animal life as to be quite indistinguishable from them, at least in certain stages. Indeed, there are certain forms that are quite as much animal as vegetable in their attributes, and must be regarded as connecting the two kingdoms.
These curious organisms are among the most puzzling forms with which the botanist has to do, as they are so much like some of the lowest forms of animal life as to be scarcely distinguishable from them, and indeed they are sometimes regarded as animals rather than plants. At certain stages they consist of naked masses of protoplasm of very considerable size, not infrequently several inches in diameter. These are met with on decaying logs in damp woods, on rotting leaves, and other decaying vegetable matter.
However, why are these organisms plants or animals? How can a scientist prove what they are? Which of the following criteria are appropriate?2
- Do they breathe?
- Do they eat anything?
- Do they create waste?
- Do they move independently?
- I
- II
- III
- IV
- All
Slang
Rewrite the following sentences in a more formal style.
- They can go everywheres.
- He spends all his time grinding.
- There ain’t a sightlier town in the state.
- He ate the whole hunk of cake.
- Smith’s new house is very showy.
Adverb Clauses
Pick out the adverbial clauses in the following paragraph.
As I was clearing away the weeds from this epitaph, the little sexton drew me on one side with a mysterious air, and informed me in a low voice that once upon a time, on a dark wintry night, when the wind was unruly, howling and whistling, banging about doors and windows, and twirling weathercocks, so that the living were frightened out of their beds, and even the dead could not sleep quietly in their graves, the ghost of honest Preston was attracted by the well-known call of “waiter,” and made its sudden appearance just as the parish clerk was singing a stave from the “mirrie garland of Captain Death.”
Reading Between the Lines
In the old days Hortons Bay was a lumbering town. No one who lived in it was out of sound of the big saws in the mill by the lake. Then one year there were no more logs to make lumber. The lumber schooners came into the bay and were loaded with the cut of the mill that stood stacked in the yard. All the piles of lumber were carried away. The big mill building had all its machinery that was removable taken out and hoisted on board one of the schooners by the men who had worked in the mill. The schooner moved out of the bay toward the open lake, carrying the two great saws, the travelling carriage that hurled the logs against the revolving, circular saws and all the rollers, wheels, belts, and iron piled on a hull-deep load of lumber. Its open hold covered with canvas and lashed tight, the sails of the schooner filled and it moved out into the open lake, carrying with it everything that had made the mill a mill and Hortons Bay a town.
The one-story bunk houses, the eating-house, the company store, the mill offices, and the big mill itself stood deserted in the acres of sawdust that covered the swampy meadow by the shore of the bay.
Ten years later there was nothing of the mill left except the broken white limestone of its foundations showing through the swampy second growth as Nick and Marjorie rowed along the shore. They were trolling along the edge of the channel-bank where the bottom dropped off suddenly from sandy shallows to twelve feet of dark water. They were trolling on their way to set night lines for rainbow trout.
“There’s our old ruin, Nick,” Marjorie said.
Nick, rowing, looked at the white stone in the green trees.
“There it is,” he said.
“Can you remember when it was a mill?” Marjorie asked.
“I can just remember,” Nick said.
“It seems more like a castle,” Marjorie said.
Nick said nothing. They rowed on out of sight of the mill, following the shore line. Then Nick cut across the bay.
“They aren’t striking,” he said.
“No,” Marjorie said. She was intent on the rod all the time they trolled, even when she talked. She loved to fish. She loved to fish with Nick.
Close beside the boat a big trout broke the surface of the water. Nick pulled hard on one oar so the boat would turn and the bait, spinning far behind, would pass where the trout was feeding. As the trout’s back came up out of the water the minnows jumped wildly. They sprinkled the surface like a handful of shot thrown into the water. Another trout broke water, feeding on the other side of the boat.
“They’re feeding,” Marjorie said.3
Given this conversation between Marjorie and Nick, what can you infer about their relationship?
“If you think dogs can’t count, try putting three dog biscuits in your pocket and then giving Fido only two of them.”4
— Phil Pastoret
Geometry
Find the length of the missing side of a triangle with a longest side that measures 20 inches and a shortest side that measures 9 inches. The perimeter of the triangle is 46 inches.
Double Check
The ACT for Dummies5 suggests that there are nine points to double-check on your ACT:
1. Exponents: Add exponents when you multiply x or other bases.
2. Common sense: Does your answer match the question? If the question is asking you the weight of an automobile and your answer is 500 pounds, it is wrong. Common sense tells you it is wrong.
3. Decimal points: If a math question has three or more answers with the same digits but different decimal points watch out! Solve the problem and check very closely to see if you have your decimal point in the right place.
4. Operations: Did you put a + when you should have put a - ? Did you add when you should have subtracted? Inevitably there is a “sucker” answer that will grab you and cause you to miss the question.
5. Political correctness: Always write politically correct essays in the writing section. Unless the Holy Spirit tells you otherwise, find another venue to advance your religious convictions.
6. Usage: Careful! Lie and lay cannot be used interchangeably. The ACT essay graders want to give you a good score. Don’t put obstacles in their way.
7. Context: When taking the English and reading tests, be careful to read the context around each passage.
8. Grammar: Most of you speak with decent grammar. Does the sentence you write or evaluate sound “right” to you?
9. Completed grid: I do not want to see any, not one, blank grid. Fill them in. All of them! Again, remember, there is no penalty for guessing.
Hamlet6
William Shakespeare
Hamlet, prince of Denmark, is at school in Wittenberg, Germany, when his father, King Hamlet, dies, or, as Hamlet discovers, is murdered. He comes home to Elsinore Castle to find his mother, Queen Gertrude, married to his Uncle Claudius, the late king’s younger brother. Claudius has had himself crowned king. Soldiers guarding Elsinore report to Hamlet through his friend Horatio that his father’s ghost has been seen on the battlements. Hamlet goes with them to see the ghost that Claudius has murdered the king by pouring poison in his ear and that he, Hamlet, must avenge his father’s murder. Hamlet swears to do this.
Suggested Vocabulary Words
- A mote it is to trouble the mind’s eye.
In the most high and palmy state of Rome,
A little ere the mightiest Julius fell,
The graves stood tenantless, and the sheeted dead
Did squeak and gibber in the Roman streets;
As, stars with trains of fire and dews of blood,
Disasters in the sun; and the moist star,
Upon whose influence Neptune’s empire stands,
Was sick almost to doomsday with eclipse:
And even the like precurse of fierce events —
As harbingers preceding still the fates,
And prologue to the omen coming on —
Have heaven and earth together demonstrated
Unto our climature and countrymen —
But, soft, behold! lo, where it comes again!
- Think it no more:
For nature, crescent, does not grow alone.
- Then weigh what loss your honour may sustain
If with too credent ear you list his songs,
Or lose your heart, or your chaste treasure open
To his unmaster’d importunity.
- Out of the shot and danger of desire.
The chariest maid is prodigal enough.
- And in the morn and liquid dew of youth
Contagious blastments are most imminent.
Be wary then; best safety lies in fear:
Youth to itself rebels, though none else near.
Go to Answers Sheet