First published in Great Britain in 2001 by Osprey Publishing, Elms Court,

Chapel Way, Botley, Oxford OX2 9LP, United Kingdom.

Email: info@ospreypublishing.com

© 2001 Osprey Publishing Ltd.

All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Enquiries should be addressed to the Publishers.

Print ISBN: 978 1 84176 181 7

EPUB e-book ISBN: 978 1 4728 0304 7

PDF e-book ISBN: 978 1 84603 540 1

Editor: Lee Johnson

Design: The Black Spot

Indexer: Alan Rutter

Maps by The Map Studio

3D bird’s eye views by The Black Spot

Battlescene artwork by Alan & Michael Perry

Origination by Grasmere Digital Imaging Ltd, Leeds, UK

Printed in China through World Print Ltd.

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Dedication

I would like to dedicate this book to Frederic A. Sharf who has been a constant source of inspiration and encouragement to me.

Acknowledgments

I would like to acknowledge the Jean S. and Frederic A. Sharf Collection for supplying many of the original photographs used in this publication. Information on the battlefield today was supplied by Mr. James Hoare of the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London, to whom I am most grateful.

Artist’s note

Readers may care to note that the original paintings from which the colour plates in this book were prepared are available for private sale. All reproduction copyright whatsoever is retained by the Publishers. All enquiries should be addressed to:

Michael Perry

Flat 3,

8 Peveril Drive

The Park

Nottingham

NG7 1DE

The Publishers regret that they can enter into no correspondence upon this matter.

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Every effort has been made by the Publisher to secure permissions to use the images in this publication. If there has been any oversight we would be happy to rectify the situation and written submission should be made to Osprey Publishing.

KEY TO MILITARY SYMBOLS

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