Glossary

Roman Terms

Ala/alae (plural): Cavalry squadron(s)

Centurion: Commanding officer of a century, a unit of one hundred legionary soldiers

Equestrian: Though literally translated as “horseman,” the title is the equivalent of a knight, generally awarded to men of the property-owning class, a step below the Senatorial class

Lanciarius/lanciarii (plural): Light infantry skirmishers, best used for reconnaissance and loose formation fighting, considered the “special operators” of a Roman legion. Lanciarii were not a permanent fixture of a Roman legion until the 3rd century CE and are used here by the grace of artistic license.

Legatus: Equivalent to a modern general, the officer in command of a legion

Optio: Officer second to a Centurion, responsible for enforcing the Centurion’s orders, keeping the troops in order, and other administrative duties

Panem et circenses: Bread and circuses

Testudo: A type of shield wall formation named for its appearance to a tortoise

Tribune: Officer second to the Legate, above the Centurion, usually a young man of Equestrian rank

Usus: The Roman equivalent of a common law marriage, an informal agreement between two consenting adults who lived together

Germanic Terms

Baduhenna: Goddess of war and revenge, 

Donar: God of thunder

Haustblot: Fall festival celebrating the autumnal equinox

Landvættir: Guardian spirit of an area; nature spirit

Männerbund: Brotherhoods of male warriors who completed their warrior training together

Offnüng: Vent in the ceiling/roof

Ôstara: Goddess of Spring, celebrated at the spring equinox

Wald: Forest

Scalc: Slave or indentured servant

Tyr: God of war

Vetrnaetr: “Winter nights,” winter solstice festival

Wîblîhbund: a theoretical sisterhood of warriors

Wodan: Chief of the gods, the one who determines the outcome of battles