JOHN KEATS Ode to a Nightingale

My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains

My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk,

Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains

One minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk:

’Tis not through envy of thy happy lot,

But being too happy in thine happiness, –

That thou, light-winged Dryad of the trees,

In some melodious plot

Of beechen green, and shadows numberless,

Singest of summer in full-throated ease.

O, for a draught of vintage! that hath been

Cool’d a long age in the deep-delved earth,

Tasting of Flora and the country green,

Dance, and Provençal song, and sunburnt mirth!

O for a beaker full of the warm South,

Full of the true, the blushful Hippocrene,

With beaded bubbles winking at the brim,

And purple-stained mouth;

That I might drink, and leave the world unseen,

And with thee fade away into the forest dim:

Fade far away, dissolve, and quite forget

What thou among the leaves hast never known,

The weariness, the fever, and the fret

Here, where men sit and hear each other groan;

Where palsy shakes a few, sad, last gray hairs,

Where youth grows pale, and spectre-thin, and dies;

Where but to think is to be full of sorrow

And leaden-eyed despairs,

Where Beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes,

Or new Love pine at them beyond to-morrow.

Away! away! for I will fly to thee,

Not charioted by Bacchus and his pards,

But on the viewless wings of Poesy,

Though the dull brain perplexes and retards:

Already with thee! tender is the night,

And haply the Queen-Moon is on her throne,

Cluster’d around by all her starry Fays;

But here there is no light,

Save what from heaven is with the breezes blown

Through verdurous glooms and winding mossy ways.

I cannot see what flowers are at my feet,

Nor what soft incense hangs upon the boughs,

But, in embalmed darkness, guess each sweet

Wherewith the seasonable month endows

The grass, the thicket, and the fruit-tree wild;

White hawthorn, and the pastoral eglantine;

Fast fading violets cover’d up in leaves;

And mid-May’s eldest child,

The coming musk-rose, full of dewy wine,

The murmurous haunt of flies on summer eves.

Darkling I listen; and, for many a time

I have been half in love with easeful Death,

Call’d him soft names in many a mused rhyme,

To take into the air my quiet breath;

Now more than ever seems it rich to die,

To cease upon the midnight with no pain,

While thou art pouring forth thy soul abroad

In such an ecstasy!

Still wouldst thou sing, and I have ears in vain –

To thy high requiem become a sod.

Thou wast not born for death, immortal Bird!

No hungry generations tread thee down;

The voice I hear this passing night was heard

In ancient days by emperor and clown:

Perhaps the self-same song that found a path

Through the sad heart of Ruth, when, sick for home,

She stood in tears amid the alien corn;

The same that oft-times hath

Charm’d magic casements, opening on the foam

Of perilous seas, in faery lands forlorn.

Forlorn! the very word is like a bell

To toll me back from thee to my sole self!

Adieu! the fancy cannot cheat so well

As she is fam’d to do, deceiving elf.

Adieu! adieu! thy plaintive anthem fades

Past the near meadows, over the still stream,

Up the hill-side; and now ’tis buried deep

In the next valley-glades:

Was it a vision, or a waking dream?

Fled is that music: – Do I wake or sleep?

JOHN KEATS Ode on a Grecian Urn

Thou still unravish’d bride of quietness,

Thou foster-child of silence and slow time,

Sylvan historian, who canst thus express

A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme:

What leaf-fring’d legend haunts about thy shape

Of deities or mortals, or of both,

In Tempe or the dales of Arcady?

What men or gods are these? What maidens loth?

What mad pursuit? What struggle to escape?

What pipes and timbrels? What wild ecstasy?

Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard

Are sweeter; therefore, ye soft pipes, play on;

Not to the sensual ear, but, more endear’d,

Pipe to the spirit ditties of no tone:

Fair youth, beneath the trees, thou canst not leave

Thy song, nor ever can those trees be bare;

Bold Lover, never, never canst thou kiss,

Though winning near the goal – yet, do not grieve;

She cannot fade, though thou hast not thy bliss,

For ever wilt thou love, and she be fair!

Ah, happy, happy boughs! that cannot shed

Your leaves, nor ever bid the Spring adieu;

And, happy melodist, unwearied,

For ever piping songs for ever new;

More happy love! more happy, happy love!

For ever warm and still to be enjoy’d,

For ever panting, and for ever young;

All breathing human passion far above,

That leaves a heart high-sorrowful and cloy’d,

A burning forehead, and a parching tongue.

Who are these coming to the sacrifice?

To what green altar, O mysterious priest,

Lead’st thou that heifer lowing at the skies,

And all her silken flanks with garlands drest?

What little town by river or sea shore,

Or mountain-built with peaceful citadel,

Is emptied of this folk, this pious morn?

And, little town, thy streets for evermore

Will silent be; and not a soul to tell

Why thou art desolate, can e’er return.

O Attic shape! Fair attitude! with brede

Of marble men and maidens overwrought,

With forest branches and the trodden weed;

Thou, silent form, dost tease us out of thought

As doth eternity: Cold Pastoral!

When old age shall this generation waste,

Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe

Than ours, a friend to man, to whom thou say’st,

Beauty is truth, truth beauty, – that is all

Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.

JOHN KEATS To Autumn

Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness,

Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun;

Conspiring with him how to load and bless

With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run;

To bend with apples the moss’d cottage-trees,

And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core;

To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells

With a sweet kernel; to set budding more,

And still more, later flowers for the bees,

Until they think warm days will never cease,

For Summer has o’er-brimm’d their clammy cells.

Who hath not seen thee oft amid thy store?

Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find

Thee sitting careless on a granary floor,

Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind;

Or on a half-reap’d furrow sound asleep,

Drows’d with the fume of poppies, while thy hook

Spares the next swath and all its twined flowers:

And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep

Steady thy laden head across a brook;

Or by a cyder-press, with patient look,

Thou watchest the last oozings hours by hours.

Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they?

Think not of them, thou hast thy music too, –

While barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day,

And touch the stubble-plains with rosy hue;

Then in a wailful choir the small gnats mourn

Among the river shallows, borne aloft

Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies;

And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn;

Hedge-crickets sing; and now with treble soft

The red-breast whistles from a garden-croft;

And gathering swallows twitter in the skies.

JOHN KEATS Ode on Melancholy

No, no, go not to Lethe, neither twist

Wolf’s-bane, tight-rooted, for its poisonous wine;

Nor suffer thy pale forehead to be kiss’d

By nightshade, ruby grape of Proserpine;

Make not your rosary of yew-berries,

Nor let the beetle, nor the death-moth be

Your mournful Psyche, nor the downy owl

A partner in your sorrow’s mysteries;

For shade to shade will come too drowsily,

And drown the wakeful anguish of the soul.

But when the melancholy fit shall fall

Sudden from heaven like a weeping cloud,

That fosters the droop-headed flowers all,

And hides the green hill in an April shroud;

Then glut thy sorrow on a morning rose,

Or on the rainbow of the salt sand-wave,

Or on the wealth of globed peonies;

Or if thy mistress some rich anger shows,

Emprison her soft hand, and let her rave,

And feed deep, deep upon her peerless eyes.

She dwells with Beauty – Beauty that must die;

And Joy, whose hand is ever at his lips

Bidding adieu; and aching Pleasure nigh,

Turning to poison while the bee-mouth sips:

Ay, in the very temple of Delight

Veil’d Melancholy has her sovran shrine,

Though seen of none save him whose strenuous tongue

Can burst Joy’s grape against his palate fine;

His soul shall taste the sadness of her might,

And be among her cloudy trophies hung.

JOHN KEATS

Bright star! would I were steadfast as thou art –

Not in lone splendour hung aloft the night

And watching, with eternal lids apart,

Like nature’s patient, sleepless Eremite,

The moving waters at their priestlike task

Of pure ablution round earth’s human shores,

Or gazing on the new soft fallen mask

Of snow upon the mountains and the moors –

No – yet still steadfast, still unchangeable,

Pillow’d upon my fair love’s ripening breast,

To feel for ever its soft fall and swell,

Awake for ever in a sweet unrest,

Still, still to hear her tender-taken breath,

And so live ever – or else swoon to death.

(1838)

1820 JOHN KEATS La Belle Dame sans Merci. A Ballad

O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,

Alone and palely loitering?

The sedge has withered from the lake,

And no birds sing.

O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,

So haggard and so woe-begone?

The squirrel’s granary is full,

And the harvest’s done.

I see a lily on thy brow,

With anguish moist and fever-dew,

And on thy cheeks a fading rose

Fast withereth too.

I met a lady in the meads,

Full beautiful – a faery’s child,

Her hair was long, her foot was light,

And her eyes were wild.

I made a garland for her head,

And bracelets too, and fragrant zone;

She looked at me as she did love,

And made sweet moan.

I set her on my pacing steed,

And nothing else saw all day long,

For sidelong would she bend, and sing

A faery’s song.

She found me roots of relish sweet,

And honey wild, and manna-dew,

And sure in language strange she said –

‘I love thee true’.

She took me to her elfin grot,

And there she wept and sighed full sore,

And there I shut her wild wild eyes

With kisses four.

And there she lullèd me asleep

And there I dreamed – Ah! woe betide! –

The latest dream I ever dreamt

On the cold hill side.

I saw pale kings and princes too,

Pale warriors, death-pale were they all:

They cried – ‘La Belle Dame sans Merci

Thee hath in thrall!’

I saw their starved lips in the gloam,

With horrid warning gapèd wide,

And I awoke and found me here.

On the cold hill’s side.

And this is why I sojourn here

Alone and palely loitering,

Though the sedge is withered from the lake,

And no birds sing.

PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY Ode to the West Wind

I

O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn’s being,

Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead

Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,

Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,

Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O Thou,

Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed

The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,

Each like a corpse within its grave, until

Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow

Her clarion o’er the dreaming earth, and fill

(Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)

With living hues and odours plain and hill:

Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;

Destroyer and Preserver; hear O hear!

II

Thou on whose stream, ’mid the steep sky’s commotion,

Loose clouds like Earth’s decaying leaves are shed,

Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean,

Angels of rain and lightning: there are spread

On the blue surface of thine aery surge,

Like the bright hair uplifted from the head

Of some fierce Mænad, even from the dim verge

Of the horizon to the zenith’s height,

The locks of the approaching storm. Thou Dirge

Of the dying year, to which this closing night

Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre,

Vaulted with all thy congregated might

Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere

Black rain and fire and hail will burst: O hear!

III

Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams

The blue Mediterranean, where he lay,

Lulled by the coil of his chrystalline streams,

Beside a pumice isle Baiæ’s bay,

And saw in sleep old palaces and towers

Quivering within the wave’s intenser day,

All overgrown with azure moss and flowers

So sweet, the sense faints picturing them! Thou

For whose path the Atlantic’s level powers

Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below

The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear

The sapless foliage of the ocean, know

Thy voice, and suddenly grow grey with fear,

And tremble and despoil themselves: O hear!

IV

If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear;

If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee;

A wave to pant beneath thy power, and share

The impulse of thy strength, only less free

Than thou, O Uncontrollable! If even

I were as in my boyhood, and could be

The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven,

As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed

Scarce seemed a vision; I would ne’er have striven

As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.

Oh! lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!

I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!

A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed

One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.

V

Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is:

What if my leaves are falling like its own!

The tumult of thy mighty harmonies

Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone,

Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce,

My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!

Drive my dead thoughts over the universe

Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth!

And, by the incantation of this verse,

Scatter, as from an unextinguished hearth

Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!

Be through my lips to unawakened Earth

The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind,

If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?

PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY from The Sensitive-Plant

[Conclusion]

Whether the Sensitive-plant, or that

Which within its boughs like a spirit sat

Ere its outward form had known decay,

Now felt this change, – I cannot say.

Whether that Lady’s gentle mind,

No longer with the form combined

Which scattered love – as stars do light,

Found sadness, where it left delight,

I dare not guess; but in this life

Of error, ignorance and strife –

Where nothing is – but all things seem,

And we the shadows of the dream,

It is a modest creed, and yet

Pleasant if one considers it,

To own that death itself must be,

Like all the rest, – a mockery.

That garden sweet, that lady fair

And all sweet shapes and odours there

In truth have never past away –

’Tis we, ’tis ours, are changed – not they.

For love, and beauty, and delight

There is no death nor change: their might

Exceeds our organs – which endure

No light – being themselves obscure.

PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY from Adonais 1821

The One remains, the many change and pass;

Heaven’s light forever shines, Earth’s shadows fly;

Life, like a dome of many-coloured glass,

Stains the white radiance of Eternity,

Until Death tramples it to fragments. – Die,

If thou wouldst be with that which thou dost seek!

Follow where all is fled! – Rome’s azure sky,

Flowers, ruins, statues, music, words, are weak

The glory they transfuse with fitting truth to speak.

Why linger, why turn back, why shrink, my Heart?

Thy hopes are gone before: from all things here

They have departed; thou shouldst now depart!

A light is past from the revolving year,

And man, and woman; and what still is dear

Attracts to crush, repels to make thee wither.

The soft sky smiles, – the low wind whispers near:

’Tis Adonais calls! oh, hasten thither,

No more let Life divide what Death can join together.

That Light whose smile kindles the Universe,

That Beauty in which all things work and move,

That Benediction which the eclipsing Curse

Of birth can quench not, that sustaining Love

Which through the web of being blindly wove

By man and beast and earth and air and sea,

Burns bright or dim, as each are mirrors of

The fire for which all thirst; now beams on me,

Consuming the last clouds of cold mortality.

The breath whose might I have invoked in song

Descends on me; my spirit’s bark is driven,

Far from the shore, far from the trembling throng

Whose sails were never to the tempest given;

The massy earth and sphered skies are riven!

I am borne darkly, fearfully, afar;

Whilst burning through the inmost veil of Heaven,

The soul of Adonais, like a star,

Beacons from the abode where the Eternal are.

1822 GEORGE GORDON, LORD BYRON from The Vision of Judgment

Saint Peter sat by the celestial gate:

His keys were rusty, and the lock was dull,

So little trouble had been given of late;

Not that the place by any means was full,

But since the Gallic era ‘eighty-eight’

The devils had ta’en a longer, stronger pull,

And ‘a pull altogether,’ as they say

At sea – which drew most souls another way.

The angels all were singing out of tune,

And hoarse with having little else to do,

Excepting to wind up the sun and moon,

Or curb a runaway young star or two,

Or wild colt of a comet, which too soon

Broke out of bounds o’er the ethereal blue,

Splitting some planet with its playful tail,

As boats are sometimes by a wanton whale.

The guardian seraphs had retired on high,

Finding their charges past all care below;

Terrestrial business fill’d nought in the sky

Save the recording angel’s black bureau;

Who found, indeed, the facts to multiply

With such rapidity of vice and wo,

That he had stripp’d off both his wings in quills,

And yet was in arrear of human ills.

His business so augmented of late years,

That he was forced, against his will, no doubt,

(Just like those cherubs, earthly ministers,)

For some resource to turn himself about

And claim the help of his celestial peers,

To aid him ere he should be quite worn out

By the increased demand for his remarks;

Six angels and twelve saints were named his clerks.

This was a handsome board – at least for heaven;

And yet they had even then enough to do,

So many conquerors’ cars were daily driven,

So many kingdoms fitted up anew;

Each day too slew its thousands six or seven,

Till at the crowning carnage, Waterloo,

They threw their pens down in divine disgust –

The page was so besmear’d with blood and dust.

This by the way; ’tis not mine to record

What angels shrink from: even the very devil

On this occasion his own work abhorr’d,

So surfeited with the infernal revel:

Though he himself had sharpen’d every sword,

It almost quench’d his innate thirst of evil.

(Here Satan’s sole good work deserves insertion –

’Tis that he has both generals in reversion.)

Let’s skip a few short years of hollow peace,

Which peopled earth no better, hell as wont,

And heaven none – they form the tyrant’s lease,

With nothing but new names subscribed upon’t;

’Twill one day finish: meantime they increase,

‘With seven heads and ten horns,’ and all in front,

Like Saint John’s foretold beast; but ours are born

Less formidable in the head than horn.

In the first year of freedom’s second dawn

Died George the Third; although no tyrant, one

Who shielded tyrants, till each sense withdrawn

Left him nor mental nor external sun:

A better farmer ne’er brush’d dew from lawn,

A worse king never left a realm undone!

He died – but left his subjects still behind,

One half as mad – and t’other no less blind.

He died! – his death made no great stir on earth;

His burial made some pomp; there was profusion

Of velvet, gilding, brass, and no great dearth

Of aught but tears – save those shed by collusion.

For these things may be bought at their true worth;

Of elegy there was the due infusion –

Bought also; and the torches, cloaks, and banners,

Heralds, and relics of old Gothic manners,

Form’d a sepulchral melodrame. Of all

The fools who flock’d to swell or see the show,

Who cared about the corpse? The funeral

Made the attraction, and the black the woe.

There throbb’d not there a thought which pierced the

And when the gorgeous coffin was laid low,

It seem’d the mockery of hell to fold

The rottenness of eighty years in gold.

So mix his body with the dust! It might

Return to what it must far sooner, were

The natural compound left alone to fight

Its way back into earth, and fire, and air;

But the unnatural balsams merely blight

What nature made him at his birth, as bare

As the mere million’s base unmummied clay –

Yet all his spices but prolong decay.

He’s dead – and upper earth with him has done;

He’s buried; save the undertaker’s bill,

Or lapidary scrawl, the world is gone

For him, unless he left a German will;

But where’s the proctor who will ask his son?

In whom his qualities are reigning still,

Except that household virtue, most uncommon,

Of constancy to a bad, ugly woman.

GEORGE GORDON, LORD BYRON Aristomenes. Canto First 1823

The Gods of old are silent on their shore

Since the great Pan expired, and through the roar

Of the Ionian waters broke a dread

Voice which proclaimed ‘the Mighty Pan is dead.’

How much died with him! false or true, the dream

Was beautiful which peopled every stream

With more than finny tenants, and adorned

The woods and waters with coy nymphs that scorned

Pursuing Deities, or in the embrace

Of gods brought forth the high heroic race

Whose names are on the hills and o’er the seas.

(1904)

GEORGE GORDON, LORD BYRON January 22nd 1824. Messalonghi. On This Day I Complete My Thirty Sixth Year 1824

’Tis time this heart should be unmoved

Since others it hath ceased to move,

Yet though I cannot be beloved

Still let me love.

My days are in the yellow leaf

The flowers and fruits of love are gone –

The worm, the canker and the grief

Are mine alone.

The fire that on my bosom preys

Is lone as some Volcanic Isle,

No torch is kindled at its blaze

A funeral pile!

The hope, the fear, the jealous care

The exalted portion of the pain

And power of Love I cannot share

But wear the chain.

But ’t is not thus – and ’t is not here

Such thoughts should shake my soul, nor now

Where glory decks the hero’s bier

Or binds his brow.

The Sword – the Banner – and the Field

Glory and Greece around us see!

The Spartan borne upon his shield

Was not more free!

Awake! (not Greece – She is awake!)

Awake my spirit – think through whom

Thy Life blood tracks its parent lake

And then strike home!

Tread those reviving passions down

Unworthy Manhood; – unto thee

Indifferent should the smile or frown

Of Beauty be.

If thou regret’st thy youth, why live?

The Land of honourable Death

Is here – up to the Field! and give

Away thy Breath.

Seek out – less often sought than found,

A Soldier’s Grave – for thee the best,

Then look around and choose thy ground

And take thy Rest.

GEORGE GORDON, LORD BYRON Remember Thee, Remember Thee!

Remember thee, remember thee!

Till Lethe quench life’s burning stream,

Remose and shame shall cling to thee,

And haunt thee like a feverish dream!

Remember thee! Ay, doubt it not;

Thy husband too shall think of thee;

By neither shalt thou be forgot,

Thou false to him, thou fiend to me!

(written 1813)

PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY To Jane. The Invitation

Best and brightest, come away –

Fairer far than this fair day

Which like thee to those in sorrow

Comes to bid a sweet good-morrow

To the rough year just awake

In its cradle on the brake. –

The brightest hour of unborn spring

Through the winter wandering

Found, it seems, this halcyon morn

To hoar February born;

Bending from Heaven in azure mirth

It kissed the forehead of the earth

And smiled upon the silent sea,

And bade the frozen streams be free

And waked to music all their fountains,

And breathed upon the frozen mountains,

And like a prophetess of May

Strewed flowers upon the barren way,

Making the wintry world appear

Like one on whom thou smilest, dear.

Away, away from men and towns

To the wild wood and the downs,

To the silent wilderness

Where the soul need not repress

Its music lest it should not find

An echo in another’s mind,

While the touch of Nature’s art

Harmonizes heart to heart. –

I leave this notice on my door

For each accustomed visitor –

‘I am gone into the fields

To take what this sweet hour yields.

Reflexion, you may come tomorrow,

Sit by the fireside with Sorrow –

You, with the unpaid bill, Despair,

You, tiresome verse-reciter Care,

I will pay you in the grave,

Death will listen to your stave –

Expectation too, be off!

To-day is for itself enough –

Hope, in pity mock not woe

With smiles, nor follow where I go;

Long having lived on thy sweet food,

At length I find one moment’s good

After long pain – with all your love

This you never told me of.’

Radiant Sister of the day,

Awake, arise and come away

To the wild woods and the plains

And the pools where winter-rains

Image all their roof of leaves,

Where the pine its garland weaves

Of sapless green and ivy dun

Round stems that never kiss the Sun –

Where the lawns and pastures be

And the sandhills of the sea –

Where the melting hoar-frost wets

The daisy-star that never sets,

And wind-flowers, and violets

Which yet join not scent to hue

Crown the pale year weak and new,

When the night is left behind

In the deep east dun and blind

And the blue noon is over us,

And the multitudinous

Billows murmur at our feet

Where the earth and ocean meet,

And all things seem only one

In the universal Sun. –